1:,.^-'^'" i'>y < urov uoc SESSIONAL PAPERS VOLUME 5 FIFTH SESSION OF THE THIRTEENTH PARLIAMENT DOMINION OF CANADA SESSION 1921 .J±jVr_ VOLUME LVII 11-12 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1921 ALPHABETICAL INDEX SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA FIFTH SESSIOX, THIETEENTH PARLIAMEXT, 1921 A Acadia University — ^Correspondence re employment of students in Department of Mines 109 Agriculture — Amount of money expended by Dominion Government to assist in each Province 127 Agriculture — Report of Department of — year, 1920 15 Agricultural Instruction Act — 1919-1920 15a Agricultural Fertilizers Act — O. in C. transferring to Department of Agri- cultute ISO Air Board — Report of year 1920 137 Alderson, George B.. re compensation lor slaughter of 245 hogs, etc 131 Alderson, George B., copy of Report of Inspector re slaughter of hogs, etc. . l'31o Anthracite Coal — re average prices paid for years — 1914-19/15-1916k1917- 1918 and 1919 73 Auditor General's Report, A'ols. I, II, III and IV, 1920 1 Automotviles — Number of. in use in Ottawa, owned by Government 174 B Bankruptcy Act — General Rules and Forms, re &8 Blue Books — Number of, published in 1919 — Number in both languages, 1919, etc 119 Board of Pension Commissioners at Ot- tawa— Names, salary, medical diplo- mas, etc 97 Bonded Liquor Warehouse Licenses — number of, granted to Alberta since 1917, etc 123 Bonds and Securities — Statement of, since February, 1920 59 Box cars ordered for C. N. Rys., when ordered, names of firms, tenders for same, etc 10'6 British Isles, number of employees of Canadian Government, in 133 Brunelle, Mrs., re application of, to Gov- ernment for a pension 141 Butter and Cheese — number of pounds each year exported since 1910 — value of same 122 Butter and cheese — number of pounds each vear Imported since 1910 122 24076—1 Canada West Indies Trade Agreement — Copy of. 1920 71 Canada West Indies Conference, 1920.. 138 Canada Temperance Act, re coming into force of Act in New Brunswick .... 179 Canadian Wheat Board — Report of year 1920 Canadian Air Force — Regulations of... 52 Canadian Expeditionary Force. — Routine Orders promulgated — 1920 66 Canadian Militia and Expeditionary Force — re appointments, promotions and retirements 84 madian Recruit — Steamer— re loss of, etc., 1919 78 Canadian Spinner — Steamer — re accident 3, etc., 1919 78 Canadian National Railways — number of persons employed on 13i5 Canadian Northern Railway System — Re- port of Directors of year 1920 152 Canadian Northern Railway- — Pay of cer- tain classes of employees on 153 Canadian Northern Railway — numiber of officials employed by, prior to acquisi- tion by Government 157 Canadian Expeditionary Force — ^Total number of enlistments in, from 1914 to Nov.. 191S 161 Canal Statistics for year 1920 20a Cars. Locomotives, and R Uing Stock generally, number of, ordered by Gov- ernment, years 1918, 1919 and 1920.. 120 Chloride of Sodium — Correspondence re rights in Township No. 88, Ranges 7 and 8, etc., in Alta 95 Civil Service Commission — Report re retirement of members of Civil Ser- vice 516 Civil Service Commission — Report of, 1920 32 Civil Service Insurance Act — Statement for year 1920 48 Civil Service — ^Working hours Inside Service — Salaries, bonus, etc 74 Civil Service — Number of employees in 1913 and number of. in 1920 104 11-12 George V Alpliabetical Index to Sessioual Papers A. 1921 c Civil Service — Number of employees In Inside Service, all Departments, De- aember, 19ao 17o Commercial Agencies — respecting ap- pointments, names of countries 88 Consolidated Railway Act of Canada — Correspondence with Province of Mani- toba, respecting 167 Convention — Copy of, between Canada and United States re extradition of de- sorter of family, etc 168o Credits advanced to Allied Powers by Government of Canada 150 Criminal Statistics VJd Customs and Inland Revenue, year ended March 31, 1920 11 Customs shipping, etc., year ended March 31, 1920 11/ Customs Department at Toronto — names and salaries of examining officials of 151 Canadian Government Railways — re num- ber of officials prior to amalgamation into C. N. Ry 157 Canadian National Railway — Number of officials now employed on, etc 157 Canadian National Railway — Total cost of wrecks on — year 192K) 157 Canadian National Railway — ^Total de- tention expenses year 1920 157 Canadian National Railway — re equip- ment charged to operation expenses, etc 157 Ciinadian National Railway — Total am- ount charged to capital account .... 157 Canadian National Railway — Number of persons employed on 135 Canadian Pacific Railway Company — Return re all lands sold by. etc.. 1920 68 Census of Industry — ^Municipal Statistics, 1919 17 Census of Industry — Laths, Lumber, etc., 1918 17a Census of Industry — Central Electric Stations, 191S 176 Census of Industry — Live Stock and Ani- mal Products, 1909-1919 17c Census of Industry — Fisheries, 1919.... 17d Census of Industry — Dairying, 1919.... 17e Commission re appointing of, to enquire into handling of and marketing grain in Canada 143 Commissions — Number created since 1911, etc 105 D Dii'ton Sanatorium— respecting operation of, by Federal Government, etc 147 Davie, G. J., & Sons — respecting expro- priation of land at L6vis, Que 159 Deputy Ministers — names of, etc., in 1910 and 1921 103 Destructive Insect and Pest Act — Regu- lations under 55 District Court Judgeship, Alberta — re- specting vacancy in 160 Dominion Government, number of per- sons in employ of 13'5 Dominion Lands Act, O. in C, respect- ing—1920 6'2 Dominion Police, respecting amalgama- tion with R.N.W.M. Police, etc 89 Dominion Police, cost of, year 1919 — strength of 1919 89o D Dominion Police, respecting number of trips per day to Departmental build- ings, etc 89c Dominion Police, automobiles; jail sen- tences imposed, etc 89« Dredge Tornado, re where employed, 1920. owner, total expenditure con^ nected with 126 Drifters — initial cost of, and repairs to thirty -six — known as "C.D.'s" 77 E Editorial Committee on Government Pub- lications— Report for 1920 38 Elections — Bye-Elections — year 1920 13 Elections, Return of, 13th General — year 1917 13 Electoral Officer — Report of Chief 42 Embargo, British, on Canadian cattle — correspondence relating to 164 Employees of Government — number of, in United States and British Isles 133 Enfranchisements under Indian Act, num- ber of, etc., 1920 ei Estimates for year 1922 3 Hstimates, Supplementary, year 1922 . . 4 Estimates, Further Supplementary, year 1921 5 Estimates, Further Supplementary, year 1922 5a Estimates, Further Supplementary, year 1922 56 Exchequer Court of Canada — Copy Gen- eral Rules and Orders 57 Exchequer Court of Canada — Copy Fur- ther Rules and Orders 57a Experimental Farms — Report of year 1920 16 IDxternal Affairs — Report of Departnvent of. y«ar 1920 33 Extradition Convention with United States of 1917 168 Extradition Convention with United States — copy of re family desertion . . 168o T Farms — relating to number of soldiers purchasing in County of Drummond- Atliabasca 112 Farms — relating to number of soldiers purchasing in County of Shetford .... 113 Farms — relating to number of soldiers purchasing in County of Richmond and Wolfe 114 Farms — relating to number of soldiers purchasing in County of Compton .... 115 Farms — relating to number of soldiers purchasing in County of Brome 116 Farms — relating to number of soldiers purchasing in County of Missisquoi .. 117 Farms — relating to number of soldiers purchasing in County of Stanstead .... 118 Farms — relating to number of soldiers purchasing in County of Bonaventure 155 Fees of election ofllcers — Orders in Coun- cil approving two tariffs 42a Finance Department in Ottawa — number of employees in. names, salaries, etc... 156 Forest Reserves and Parks Act — O. in C. respecting — 1920 63 Franco-Canadian Commercial Agreement — correspondence respecting 9Sa yn 11-12 Georsie V Aliiliahctical Jmlcx to Sessional Tapers A. W-21 G Geodetic Survey of Canada — Annual Re- port of Superintendent of — 1920 182 Geological Survey — Report of (Depart- ment of Mines) 26 Gold Coin — re prohibition of export of.. SO Governor Generals Warrants — since last Session 1920-21 49 Grain — number of bushels carried cast- ward, years 1919-192-0 — quantity ex- ported through Canadian ports ; quan- tity exported American ports 1919- 1920 124 Grain — Canadian — re appointment of Commission enquiring into handling and marketing of, in Canada 143 Grand Trunk Railway Company — corre- spondence between and Government re extension of time of arbitration 121 Grand Trunk Railway Company — re val- ues of G. T. Hy. stock 1918-1920, etc 125 Grand Trunk Pacific Railway — number of officials on, prior to Government taking over system 157 Grand Trunk Railway Company — corre- spondence between Government and, re arbitration proceedings, etc 121a Greece — amounts loaned, or credits to, by Government of Canada 170 Griftenhagen & Co. — return respecting . . 100 Guibeau, M. Abel — re resignation of, as engineer on Canadian Traveller, 1919- 1920 142 H Health. Report of Department of, year ended March 31, 1920 12 High Commissioner for Canada in Lon- don— re placing under Department of External Affairs 102 Historical Documents Publication Board —report of 1920 70 I Immigration and Colonization — Report of year 1920 IS Indian Affairs — Report of Department of, year 1920 International Boundary Commission — Joint Report of 1S3 Insurance — report of superintendent of, year ended December 81, 1919 S Insurance — correspondence between De- partment of, and Government, re amendments to Insurance Act 172 Interior — report o£ Department of, year 1920 25 International Financial Conference at Brussels, 1920 — Report of, etc 90 International Labour Conference, Wash- ington and Geneva, 1920 — Draft Con- ventions, etc 177 Intoxicants into North West Territories Permits granted 1920 69 Judges Act of Session 1920 — correspon- dence with Government relating to.... 24076—2 Labour — report of Department of, year 1920 Lake of the Woods, correspondence re control of waters of Lake of the Woods Control Board — "An Act respecting." correspondence re .... Lake of the Woods — copy of telegrams e control of waters of Law Branch, of House of Commons — O. n C. re organization of, 1920 Labrie Bros. — re trial of, year 1912 .... League of Nations — Assembly of — Resolu- tions adopted by, 1920 League of Nations — Report to, on work of Council Librarians of Parliament — Report of, year 1920 Lindsay, General W. B., documents re securing an oil lease in Alberta List of Vessels. 1920 M Mail Subsidies and Steamship Subven- tions— Report for 1920 Marine and Fisheries — Marine — Report of year 1919-1920 Matane — harbour at, re repairs, etc "Migratory Birds Convention Act" — O. in C. approving forms, etc Militia and Defence — Report of Depart- ment of, year 1920 Militia General Orders promulgated — 1920-1921 Mines Branch — Department of Mines- Report of year 1919 Miscellaneous TJnforseen Expenses — Statement of 1920 Money Order Branch in following Post Offices — Hamilton, London, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec, St. John and Hali- fax • • • Montanzo, Onofrio, re trial of, year 1912 N National Battlefields Commission — State- ment re National Gallery of Canada — amounts appropriated for, from 1916 to 1921.. Naval Affairs — respecting movements of vessels outside three mile limit, etc. . . Naval Service — Report of Department of, vear 1920 Na-^T.', R.C. — Orders in Council relata- ing to *^ Yiobe — H.M.C.S. — Correspondence refer- ring to sale of Northwestern grain trade — correspon- dence re alleged diversion of, to New York 150 S3 56a 56b 46 129 101 39 , 8l0 178 lo4o Officials transferred from Calgary, Winni- pe<', Ottawa, Halifax, etc., to Vancou- ver, since November 1920 (Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment) Order in Council appointing Sir George Foster, Right Hon. C. J. Doherty, and Hon. N. W. Rowell. Delegates League of Nations at Geneva Order in Council establishing clearing office, etc., re properties of German na- tionals Ottawa Improvement Commission — Re- port of year 1920 3 11-12 Gt'ui-iio \' Al[ili;iliclic:il Index to Sessional I'lipcrs A. I'.ilM Parliamentary Restaurant — O. In C. re- spcctine appointment of manager for, etc 108 Patents-t-Report of Commissioner of, year 1920 10/ Penitentiary Act and Regulations — -Re- port of committee appointed to revise 176 Penitentiaries — Report of superintendent of year 1920 34 Pension Commissioners at Ottawa — • Names, salaries, medical diplomas, etc. 97 Postmaster General — Report of ye;w 1920 24 Printing and Stationery — Report of year 1920 33 Private Secretaries, etc., to Ministers — • number of, appointed, salary, etc., since 1911 ISl Pi'oprietary or Patent Medicine Act — O. in C. re regulations under 132 Provincial Legislation — Reports of Minis- tors of Justice on, from 1896, to date 144 Public Accounts of Canada, year 1920... 2 Public Works — Report of Department of, year 1920 19 Public Works — Department of— redistri- butions of district of 79 Public Printing and Stationery — report of commission of experts on, 1921 91 R Railway Commissioners, Board of — re- ports for 1919 and 192-0 Railway Mileage in Canada — Persons per mile, 1911 and 1914 Railway Statistics, 1919 Railways and Canals — Report of Depart- ment of year 1919-1920 Riiilways — Canadian National — number of persons employed on Riiilways of Canada — payments and loans to, since 1910 Reindeer and Musk-Ox Industry — Report of Commission to enquire into possibil- ities of Remissions and Refunds of Customs Duties — Statement of Representation of Canada in Imperial Councils, etc Roads — amount of money expended by Government in each Province, 1920... Roumania — amounts loaned to, or credits given to, by Government of Canada. . Royal Canadian Mounted Police — Report of year 1920 Royal Canadian Mounted Police — respect- ing shares of fines received Royal Canadian Mounted Police — names of staff officers — re pay drawn, etc. . . Royal Society of Canada. Statement re, for year 1920 Ruisseau & Loutre, harbour at 148 206 49 169 Saskatchewan River — re survey made re- specting navigation from Lake Winni- peg to Edmonton Scientific and Industrial Research — State- ment of Advisory Council Scotch Hill Post Office — documents re change of site at Secretary of State — Report of Depart- ment of, year 1920 29 Service — Inside and Outside — definition of terms, etc 134 Sheridan. John. Indian Supt., New Bruns- wick— re resignation of 128 Shipbuilding Industry — Statement re lia- bilities, year 1920 r.O Snider — Interim report re destruction of documents at Printing Bureau 184 Snider Report — letter of F. Cook and P. F. C. Lynch. March 16. 1921, re- specting 184(1 Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment — Report of Department of, 1920 14 Soldier Settlement Act — Additional regu- lations under — 1919 67 Soldier Hospitails — number of, in Canada at present, etc 140 Soldiers' Civil Re-establi^ment — Officials of, transferred from eastern points to Vancouver since Nov., 1920 166 Sorel. Shipyard — re bonus paid to em- ployees at 145 Sorel. Shipyard — names of persons who have applied for superintendent of. . 149 steamboat Inspection 23 Steamships, passenger — re Intention of Government to build such, etc 72 Sucrar — correspondence re export of, year 1920 87 superannuation and Retiring Allowances, 1920 . 51 Superannuation and Retiring Allowances, 191S-1919-1920 Bla St. St. Fflicitf Harbour — repairs at 169 St. Tiaurent. Alfred — re correspondence in the hands of Civil Service Commission re dismissal Ill St. Michel. V.Q., Wharf — Documents re repairs, etc.. to, 1918 to 1921 163 St. TTIric. Matane. Ste. F^licitf. Ruisseau il Loutre. Mechine. Que. harbour works 169 Tar Sands — Province of Alberta — Report on. by Mr. S. C. Hlls of Department of Mines. 1920 Teleprraph lines in Northern British Col- umbia— Return respecting Tenipor-iry Loans — Statement of. since Inst Session Topographical Surveys. Department of In- terior— Report for 1919-1920 Trade Agreement between France and Canada. .Tnnuary. 1921 Trade and Commerce — Report of Depart- ment, year 1920 Trade of Canada (Imports and Exports). 1920 Transcontinental Railway at Quebec. Terminals of — re non-fulfllment of un- dertakings of Government with Treaty wilh Germany. Austria. Czecho- Slavia. Serh-Croat-Slovene State and Bulgaria re all moneys expended in connection Treaty of 'Peace ( Germany 1 Order — P.C. 755, 1920; P.O. 879,-1920 11-12 George \' .Vliiliabetical Index to Sessional Paj^ers A. 1921 United States — Number of employees of Canadian Government in 133 V Vancouver Dry Dock — Copy of specifica- tions and plans for S2 Veniot. Hon. P. J. — Correspondence re alleged invitation to enter Dominion Cabinet 173 Veterinary Director General — Report of, years 1919-1920 15b Vogler's Cove — documents re post ofBce at, etc 75 w Warrants — Governor General's — State- ment re — since last Session, 1920-21.. 43 \ V\'utson. Jas. W. — respecting retirement from Naval Service 158 Weights and Measures, etc.. Report for 1920 lOe White, Sir Thomas — Copy of O. in C. ap- pointing as arbitrator of G.T.Ry., etc 107 Toung, Arthur & Co'y. — Report by, re De- partment of Printing and Stationery 92 Toung Men's Christian Association — re association with C.K.F. in War 139 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS Arranged in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length; the dates when Ordered and when presented to the Houses of Parliament; the Names of the Senator or Member who moved for e-ach Sessicnal Paper, and whether it is ordered to he Printed or not Printed. Also those printed hut not presented. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1 (This volume is bound in three parts.) 1. Rei3ort o£ the Auditor General for the year ended March 31, 1920, Volume I, Parts a-b — A to J. Volume II, Parts K to SS. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, March S, 1921. Printed jor distribution and sessional papers. Report of the Auditor General for the year ending 31st March, 1920, Volume III, Parts T to Z. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, March 11, 1921. Printed for distribution and Sessional Papers. Keport of the Auditor General for the year ended March 31, 1920. Volume IV, Part ZZ. Presented by Hon. Mr. Melghen April 4. 1921. Printed for distribution and Sessnotuil Papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2 {This volume is bound in tico parts.) 2. The Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1920. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, Marcli 1, 1921. .. .Printed for distribution and sesaional papers. 3. Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on the 31st March, 1921. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton. March S. 1921. Printed for distribution and sestsional papers. 4. Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on the 31st March, 1922. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, April 5, 1921. Printed for distHbution and sessional papers. 5. Furtlier Supplementary Estimates of sums required tor the service of the Dominion for the year ending on the 31st March, 1921. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, May 26, 1921 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 5a. Further Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on the 31st Mardh, 1922. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, May 3i0. 1921 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 5b. Further Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on the 31st March, 1922. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, June 3, 1921 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. S. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance of the Dominion of Canada for the year ended 31st December, 1919 — ^Volume I, Insurance Companies other than Life ; Volume II, Life Insurance Companies. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton. Februarj- 16, 1921. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada, year ending December 31, 192i0. Not presented Printed for distribution and seasioiuil papers. 10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1920. Not presented Printed for distribr.ti07i and sessional papers. 10" Report relating to Mail Subsidies and Steamship Subventions, as controlled by the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ending March 31. 1920. with traffic returns, etc., to December 31. 1920. Presented by Sir George Foster. June 4, 1-- P-C. 2911. dated 3rd December, 1920 : Establishment of Non-Substantive Ratings in the R.C.N. P.C. 3037, dated SOth December, 1920: Allowance for Captain's Writer. P.C. 2S. dated 21st Januarj-. 1921: Entry of Instructor Officers. R.C.N. P.C. 2S8, dated 7tli February. 1921 ; Allowance for Officers appointed as District Intelligence OfHcers In lieu of a Specialist. P.C. 299. dated 7th February, 1921: Provision for special pro- tective clothing for men engaged on submarine duty. P.C. 2S9, dated 14th February, 1921: Staff Pay to Headquarters Naval Staff. Presented by Hon. Mr. Ballant>Tie, March 8, 1921 Xot printed. 81a. R. C. Navy. PC. 1642. May IS. 1921, respecting loan of volunteers from active list Presented June 4, 1921 Not printed. 82. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th March, 1920. for a copy of the spe- cifications and plans for the drydock at Vancouver. British Columbia, for which a subsidy is being granted to J- Coughlan & Sons. Liimited, along with a copy of the contract between the Government and J. Coughlan & Sons, Limited, for the construc- tion of the said dry-dock. Presented March S, 1921. Mr. Archarabault . . Wot printed. 82a. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March. 1921. for a copy of the contract g'.ven by the Government of Canada to the firm of J. Coughlan & Sons for the con- struction of a drj- dock in Vancouver, together with all the correspondence, tenders contract and all documents relating to the said contract. Presented April 28, 1921. Mr. Archambault Not printed. 83. Return to an Order of the House of the 3th May. 1920. for the production of copies of all letters, te'.egrams. papers and correspondence exchanged between the Department of Justice and others as the case may be in reference to the trial of one Onofrio Montzano held at Murray Bay. district of Saguenay. in 1912, and the trial of the Labrie BroUiers held at Sherbrooke, district of St. Francois, and their release from penitentiary on account of irregularities in the proceedings followed at each of these trials, and also copies of all documents contained in the records of the De- partment of Just'ce in reference thereto. Presented March S, 1921. Mr. Casgrain. Not printed. 84. Appointments. Promotions and Retirements, Canadian Militia and Canadian Expedi- tionarj' Force, from Februarj- 5. 1920. to December 9, 1920. Presented by Hon. Mr. Guthrie, JIarch S, 1921 Not printed. 85. Return to an Order of the Senate of the 23rd April. 1920. for a Return showing all moneys expended by the Government uo to the present time in connec- tion with the Treaty with Germany. Austria. Czecho-Slovakia. the Serb-Croatian-Slo- vene State and Bulgaria, stating the vote from which any moneys so far expended have supplied ; stating the amount assessed against Canada under Article 6 of the Covenant of the League of Nations as the share of the Dominion of Canada for the purpose of carrying out the terms of the Covenant. The Senate Not printed. 86. Return to an Order of the Senate of the 2Sth May. 1920, for a Return of all plans and reports made by the engineers of the Public Works Department in connection with a sur\-ey made of the Saskatchewan aiver. to determine the possibiity of naviga- tion from Lake Winnipeg to Edmonton. The Senate Not printed. 87. Return to an Order of the House of the 23rd June. 1930, for a copy of all correspond- ence, letters, telegrams and reports touching the Issuing of permits for the export of sugar, whether with refineries or those acting for them or with purchasers or those acting for them. Presented March 10, 1921. Mr. McMaster. Not printed. 88. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th March. 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. In what countries commercial agencies have been established by the Federal Government. 2. Names of said agents, their previous address, present address, pre- vious business experience, date of appointment and respective salaries. Presented March 14. 1921. Mr. Duff Not printed. 14 11-12 George Y List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9— Continued. Return to an Orrier of the House of the 14th Majch, 1921, for a Return showing: 1. Number of non-commissioned officers in the Dominion Police at the time of the amalgamation with the Mounted Police. 2. Number of said officers in " A " Division at tlie present time. 3. Whether it is true that all non-commissioned officers of the Dominion Pilice were placed junior on the Seniority List to non-comjnissioned officers in tlie Mounted Police irrespective of years of service ; and whether it is further true that a Dominion Police Sergeant with 6 years' service as such, was, upon amalgamation, placed junior to a non-commissioned officer of the Mounted Police with only a few months' service as such. 4. At the time of the amalgamation of the two forces wliether three inspectors of the Dominion Police were reduced to sergeants. If so, why. 5. Number of non-commissioned officers of the Mounted Police promoted to inspectors at the time or subsequent to, the date of the amalgamation. Presented March 14, 1921. Mr. Cahill. Not printed. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921. for a Return showing: 1. Cost of the Dominion Police Force during 1919, less the Finger Print and Ticket of Deave sections. 2. Strength of the Dominion Police at the time of their amalgamation with the Mounted Police. 3. Strength of "A" division at the present time, and if there has been an increase in numbers, wliat the necessity is for such increase. 4. Cost of "A" division for the first 12 months after tlie amalgama- tion with the Dominion Force, and if tliere was an increase in cost, what the reason is for such increase. 5. How many Government buildings, etc., were given police protection at the time the forces were ama,lgamated. 6. How many Government buildings are given police protection at the present lime. Presented March 14, 1921. Mr. Cahill Not jniiifed. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921. for a Return showing: 1. 'Whether the members of the Royal Mounted Police receive a share of any fines imposed for infractions of any Dominiin Act or other Act. 2. If so, what proportion of such fines they receive. 3. Names of the members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police who have been paid a share of such fines during the past twelve months and amount paid to each. Presented March 14. 1921. Mi'. Cahill. Not 2^ri)ited. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921, for a Return showing: 1. Before their amalgamataion with the new Mounted Police Force number of trips per day made by the Dominion Police to the Departmental buildings in connection with tlie police mail. 2. Number of trips per day made for the same purpose by the members of tlie present Mounted Police Force. 3. Whether the DoTninion Pol-ce performed the duties mentioned on foot. 4. Whether tlie Mounted Police perform the same duties on motor cycles, or by other vehicles. 5. Whether the services in question were performed for a period of about 30' years by tlie Dominion Police. 6. If so, why the number of trips per day has been decreased in the case of the Mounted Police. Presented March 14, 1921. Mr. Cahill. Not 2>rinted. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March. 1921. for a Return showing: 1. Names of the Staff Officers in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police accord- ing to seniority. 2. Whether they all draw staff pay. If so. how much each draws. 3. If all do not draw staff pay, names of those who receive it, and why an exception is made. 4. In addition to detectives, whether there are a superintendent and uniformed men in Montreal and Toronto. 5. If so, what the necessity is for maintaining these me:i>bers of the Mounted Police in the cities mentioned. 6. In addi- tion to salaries, wliether the superintendents have their house rent paid, and whether they receive free coal, light, etc. 7. If so, whether the men are similarly treated, and if not. why. 8. Whether "N" Division of the Mounted Police is located at Ot- tawa. 9. If so, what duties other than drilling as cavalry "X" Division performs. 10. 'Whether it would not be in the best interest, and conducive to a large saving in public expenditure, if tlie Mounted Police were absorbed by the Royal Canadian Dragoons. 11. Whether there is any practical objection to their being so absorbed. If so, what the objection is. Presented March 14, 1921. Mr. Cahill. Not lyrinted. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March. 1921. for a Return showing: 1. 'Whether it is true that one automobile sufliced for the purposes of the Dominion Police before ther .amalgamation with the Mounted Police. 2. Whether it is correct that " A " Division of the Mounted Police have been using two automobiles, one motor truck and two motor cycles, and that five chauffeurs are employed, who do no other work than drive cars. 3. 'Wliether any members of the Mounted' Police have been imprisoned in the County of Carleton jail since the amalga- mation with the Dominion Police. 4. If so, what the offence and sentence in each case was, and by whom the trial was held and sentence pronounced. j. 'Whether 15 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME d—Conlinued. the Government pay for the maintenance of such men as were imprisoned in the County of Carleton Jail, and if not. why not. 6. Whether there is at the present time in one of the buildings owned by the Government in the City of Ottawa a cell or place of detention in which members ot the Mounted Police may be confined. If so, where it is located. 7. Whether any member of the Mounted Police has been confined in such cell or place of detention, and for what offence. 8. By whom the offender so confined was tried, and what sentence was pronounced. 9. Whether a superintendent of the Mounted Police fined two boys for breaking window* at the Ottawa Experimental Farm last summer. 10. If so, what the amount of the fines, and whether the superintendent paid over the money received for such fines, and if so, to whom payment was made. Presented March 14, 1921. Mr. Cahill. Not printed. BO. Proceedings of the International Financial Conference held at Brussels in 1920 : Volume I — Report of the Conference. Volume II — Verbatim Record ot the Debates. Volume III — Statements on the financial Situation of the Countries represented at the Con- ference. Volume IV — Public Finance. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, Marcli 16, 1921 Xot printed. 91. Supplementarj- Report of a Conmiittee of experts, dated Januarj', 1921, appointed by Order in Council dated 20th November, 191S, on the recommendation of the Civil Service CommUsion, to investigate and report upon conditions in the Department of Public Printing and Stationery. Presented by Sir George Foster, March 17, 1921. Not printed 92. Report by Arthur Young and Company, dated 6th December, 1920, respecting Reorgani- zation of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery. Presented by Sir George Foster, March 17. 1921 Not printed. 93. Detailed Statement of Remissions of Customs Duties and the Refund thereof, under Sec- tion 92, Consolidated Revenue and Audit Act. through the Department of Customs, for the fiscal year ended 31st March. 192*. Presented by Sir Henry Drayton, March 22, 1921 Not printed. 04. Return to an Order of the House, ot the 21st March, 1921, for a copy of all letters, telegrams and other correspondence between the Dominion Government or any mem- ber thereof and the Government ot Ontario or any member thereof, regarding Bill Xo. 23 (Letter D of the Senate), intituled: "An Act respecting the Lake of the Woods Control Board," or the subject matter thereof. Presented March 22. 1921. Mr. Molloy Not printed. 94o. Further correspondence between the Government of Canada and the Provincial Gov- ernments of Manitoba and Ontario, respecting the control of the waters of the Lake of the Woods. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, May 27, 1921. Not printed. 946- Copy of further telegrams between the Prime Minister of Canada and the Premier ot Ontario respecting the control of the waters ot the Lake of the Woods. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, May 31, 1921 Not printed. 95. Return to an Order of the House of March 9. 1921, for a copy of all letters, papers and other documents leading up to the passing of the Order in Council, dated the 6th day ot September. 1919 (P.C. 1S60). whereby authority was given (a) For the with- drawal from disposal, under the provisions ot the Quartz Mining Regulations, of the avpilable Sodium Chlorid (common salt) Rights in Township SS, Ranges 7 and S. and Township 89. Ranges 8 and 9. West of tlie 4th, to admit of prospecting operations for the discovery of that mineral being conducted in the interests of the Province of .\lberta. (b) For the withdrawal from disposal of the Gypsum Mining Rights under the said property. Presented March 23, 1921. Mr. Mackie (Edmonton). Not printed. 96. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March. 1921. tor a copy (a) of the report n-ade by Mr. S. C. Ells, an officer of the Department of Mines, to the Department of the Interior, touching the Tar Sands in the Province ot Alberta, as related in an Order in Council. P.C. 1495, and dated the 3rd day of July, 1920; (b) of all letters, papers and documents of whatsoever nature they may be, leading up to the passing of the said Order in Council. Presented March 23, 1921. Mr. Mackie (Edmonton). Not printed. 97. Return to an Order of the House of the 23rd March, 1921, for a Return showing: 1. Who are the medical oflScers employed at the head office of the Board of Pension Commissioners at Ottawa. 2. Their names and the medical ex- perience of each. 3. How many ot these medical advisers have completed their uni- 16 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9— Continued. versity course, and (a) Their names; (b) How many have obtained their diplomas permitting them to practice ; (c) Whether any among them have obtained their li- cense to practice in recognition of their war service. 4. The military record of each of these officers. 5. The salary of each. 6. Their respective duties. 7. Wliether these medical advisers have the medical experience sufficient to decide on technical questions for the Board of Pension Commissioners and whether they are well quali- fied to change the decision of local medical officers. 8. Whether the Commissioners are obliged to concur in the decision of their medical officers. 9. If not, wliy. Presented March 23, 1921. Mr. Cannon Not printed. 98. Copy of Trade Agreement between France and Canada, signed at Paris, the 29th day of January, 1921. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, March 29, 1921. Printed for distribiition to Senators and Members^ 98". Correspondence relating to the Franco-Canadian Commercial Agreement, 1921. Pre- sented by Sir George Foster, April 15, 1921. Not printed. 99. Return to an Order of the House of the 16th March. 1921, tor a Return showing: 1. The names of the employees of the Money-Order Branch in the following Post Offices (Head Offices) : Hamilton, London, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec, St. John, N.B., and Halifax, N.S. 2. The rani;, according to the new classification, of each one of said employees, and their present salarj'. 3. The number of years of service of said employees. 4. The annual actual revenue of each one of the above mentioned Post Offices. 0. Wlio the employees are in charge of said Branch in each one of said offices. 6. Wlio the officials are in charge of the registration Branch ian the main post offices of the above mentioned cities, the rank and salary of each one of them. Presented March 29, 1921, Mr. Parent Not printed. 100. Return to an Order of the Senate of the 29th March. 19'21. for a Return show- ing: 1. When the Griffenhagen Company was engaged to reorganize the various departments of the Government services. 2. How much has been paid to them up to December 31. 1920 — (a) for salary, (b) for travelling expenses, and (c) for maintenance. 3. What members of the Civil Service have been assisting the Griffenhagen Company. Wliat amount has been paid them while engaged in this work — (a) for salary, (6) for travelling expenses, (c) for maintenance. 4. What amount, it any, is due and unpaid to Griffenhagen Company, and the officials assist- ing them up to December 31, 1920. 5. 'SNTiether the contract with Griffenhagen Company has been cancelled. 6. If not, is it going to be cancelled, and when. 7. What departments have they reorganized. S. Has their work been as unsatis- factory as the work of their predecessors, Messrs. Young and Company. The Senate. Not printed. 101. Return to an Order of the Senate of the 29th March, 19 21, for a Return show- ing : All papers, documents and correspondence passed between the Canadian Government and the British Government, or between any Minister, member or official of the Canadian Government and any member or official of the Britisli Admiralty or between a.ny persons or officials thereof, since 1909, giving details and particulars as regards the negotiations on naval affairs leading up to the agree- ment which was arrived at after the Imperial Conference of 1911, as to the move- ment of vessels outside the three-mile limit and the establishment of naval stations for the ships transferred to or purchased for the Canadian Naval Service ; also, copies of regulations governing the movement of vessels of the Canadian Navy at the present time. The Senate Not printed. 102. Copy of Order in Council, PC. 856, dated 21st March, 1921, placing the control and supervision of the Office of the High Commissioner for Canada in London under the Secretary of State for External Affairs. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, March 30, 1921 Not printed. ' 103. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Who were Deputy Ministers in the several departments of the Government, on January 1, 1910. 2. Who were they on January 1, 1921. 3. Who were heads of branches in the various departments of the Dominion Government in 1910. 4. Who were they on the 1st of January, 1921. Presented March 3'0, 1921. Mr. Vien. Not printed. 104. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th March. 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Total number of employees in the Civil Service in the year 1913. 2. Total number of employees in the Civil Service in the year 1920. Presented March 30, 1921. Mr. McGibbon Not printed 17 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9— Continued. 105. Keturn to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. How many commissions the Government has created since 1911. Z. Names of the said commissions. 3. Names of the present commissioners in the various com- jiii.ssions and their respective salaries. Presented March 30, 1921. Mr. Deslauriers. Not printed. lOe. Return to an Order of the House of the 30th March, 1921, for a Return showing-: 1. When the IS, 000 box cars ordered for the Canadian National Hailways were ordered. 2. If ordered at different dates, what year and month the oiders were placed. 3. Names of firms building same. 4. Whether tenders were called or are they being built on order. 5. If built on basis ot cost plus percentage, what percentage or profit is allowed. 6. Cost of 1,000 box cars. 7. How many cars have been delivered, and on what dates. S. How many new cars were put in grain c.-iriying trade west of Fort William. 9. Maximum grain carrying c-ipacity o£ sxid car^. 10. Whether the said cars are fitted with hopper bottoms for speedy un- loading at terminals. 11. Whether the 18,000 box cars above menti )ued -ire in addi- tion lo ca's which were added to replace broken or worn out box cars. I'roKented March 30. 1921. Mr. Reid (Mackenzie) X->t pyinied. 107. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Governor General, of the 10th March, 1921, for a copy of the Order in Council ot July 9, 1920. appointing the Honourable Sir Thomas White as an arbitrator to value the stock of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, any subjequent Orders in Council having reference to this matter, and for all correspondence between the Government and the Honourable Sir Thomas White respecting such appointment. Presented April 4, 1921 Xot printed. 108. Copy of Orders in Council P.C, 279, dated 5th February, 1921, and P.C. 999, dated 23rd March, 1921, in respect to the appointment and salary of a manager for the Parliamentary Restaurant. Presented by Hon. The Speaker, April 4, 1921. Not printed. 109. Return to an Order of the House of the 23rd March, 1921. for a copy of all letters and correspondence exchanged between professors or officials of Acadia University and the Department of Mines, since February 1, 1920, to date, relative to the employ- ment ot students of the said University by the said Department during the summer months. Presented April 5, 1921. Mr. Douglas (Cape Breton) Not printed J lOi Return to an Order ot the House of the Sth March, 1921, for a copy of all letters, papers, documents and agreements leading up to the passing ot the Order in (Council, dated tlie Sth day of July. 1930 (P.C. 1547). whereby General William Bethune Lindsay, M.I.E.C., secured the right to a nineteen hundred and twenty acre lease of Tar Sands in the Province of Alberta. Presented April 5. 1921. Mr. Mackie (Ejd- monton) Not printed. 111. Return to an Order ot the House of the 10th March, 1921. for a copy of all corre- spondence, reports and memoranda in the hands of tlie Civil Service Commission of Canada regarding the d'smissal ot Alfred St. Laurent from the stationery branch of the Department of Public Printing and Stationerj- at Ottawa. Presented April 5, 1921, Mr. Fripp Not printed. 112. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. How many returned soldiers have purchased farms through the Soldiers' Settle- ment Board in the County of Drummond-Arthabaska, 2. Average price paid for the said farms. 3. Whether any ot the said farms have been abandoned. 4. If so, what disposition the Government has made ot the said farms. 5. Whether any loss has been incurred. If so. what the net loss has been to the Government in connection therewith. Presented April 5, 1921. Mr. Tobin Not jyrinted 113. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921. for a Return showing: — 1. How many returned soldiers have purchased farms through the Soldiers" Settle- ment Board in the County ot Shefford. 2. Average price paid for the said farms. 3. ■WTiether any ot the said farms have been abandoned. 4. It so, what disposition the Government has made ot the said farms. 5. Whether any loss has been incurred. If so. what the net loss has been to the Government in connection therewith. Pre- sented, April 5, 1921. Mr. Tobin . . , Not printed. 114. Return to an Order ot the House of the 14th March. 1921. for a Return showing: — 1. How many returned sildiers have purchased farms through the Soldiers' Settle- ment Board in the County of Richmond and Wolfe. 2. Average price paid for the said farms. 3. Wliether any of the said farms have been abandoned. 4. If so, what disposition the Government has made ot the said farms. .">. Whether any loss has been incurred- If so, what the net loss has been to the Government in connection therewith. Presented April 5, 1921. Mr. Tobin Not printed. 18 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME Q— Continued. 115. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — • 1. How many returned soldiers have purcliased farms tlirougli tlie Soldiers* Settle- ment Board in the County of Compton. 2. Average price paid for the said farms. 3. Mliether any of the said farms have been abandoned. 4. If so, what disposition the Government has made of the said farms. 5. Whether any loss has been in- curred. If so, what the net loss has been to the Government in connection there- with. Presented April 5, 1921. Mr. Tobin Not printed. 116. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th Marcli, 1921, for a Return showing:- — 1. How many returned soldiers have purchased farms through the Soldiers' Settle- ment Board in tlie County of Brome. 2. Average price paid for the said farms. 3. Whether any of the said farms have heen abandoned. 4. If so, what disposition the Government has made of the said farms. 5. Whether any loss has been incurred. It so, wliat the net loss has been to the Government in connection therewith. Pre- sented April 5, 1921. Mr. Tobin Not printed 117. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. How many returned soldiers have purchased farms through the Soldi«rs' Settle- ment Board in the County of Missisquoi. 2: Average price paid for the said farms. 3. "Wliether any of the said farms have been abandoned. 4. If so, what disposi- tion the Government has made of the said farms. 5. Whether any loss has been incurred. If so, what the net loss has been to the Government in connection there- with. Presented, April 5, 1921. Mr. Tobin Not printed. 118. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. How many returned soldiers have purchased farms through the Soldiers' Settle- ment Board in the County of Stanstead. 2. Average price paid for the said farms 3. Wliether any of the said farms have been abandoned. 4. If so. what disposition the Government has made of the said farms, a. Whether any loss has been incurred. If so, what the net loss has been to the Government in connection therewith. Pre- sented, April 5, 1921. Mr. Tobin Not printed. 119. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th April, 1920, for a Return showing: — 1. What blue-booUs were published in 1919. 2. What public documents were pub- lished in both lang-uages in 1919. 3. What public documents were published in one language only, and in what language they were published. Presented April 5, 1921. Mr. Demers Not printed. 120. Return to an Order of the House of the 23rd Marcli, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. The number of cars, locomotives and rolling stock generally, ordered by the Government during the calendar years 1918, 1919 and 192i0. 2. The value of these orders. 3. From whom this equipment was purchased, and the value of each con- tract. Presented April 5, 1921. Mr. Wright Not printed. 121. Copy of correspondence between the Government of Canada and the Grand Trunk Railway Company relative to the question of the extension of time for Arbitration proceedings, and matters incident thereto, to date of April 3, 1921. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, April 6, 1921 Not printed. 121«- Subsequent Correspondence between the Government of Canada and the Grand Trunk Railway Company relating to the Arbitration proceedings, and copy of draft agree- ment in connection therewith. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, May 21, 1921. Not printed. 122. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Total number of pounds of butter exported outside of Canada, year by year, since 191i0. 2. Value, year by year, of the exportation since 1910. 3. Total num- ber of pounds of cheese exported outside of Canada, year by year, since 1910. 4. Value, year by year, of such exportation since 1910. 5. To what countries our cheese and butter were exported, year by year, during said years, specifying the amount and value of each. 6. Quantities of butter imported from various countries since 1910. 7. From what countries and what amount from each of them. S. Quan- tities of cheese imported from the various countries since 1910. 9. From what countries and what amount from each of them. 10. Under what brands or names our cheese and butter are sold abroad. 11. Brands or names of butter and cheese we import from abroad. 12. Quantity in pounds of margarine and its value in cash, or any other substitute to butter, manufactured in the country since 1916, year by- year. 13. Quantity in pounds and value of such substitutes imported into CanaSa year by year, since 1916. 14. Whether the inobservance of the law regarding the process of manufacture and the sale of such substitutes, produced in Canada or purchased abroad, has been the object of several actions. 15. If so, the number of same. Presented, April 6, 1921. Mr. Boyer '. . Not printed 19 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME d— Continued. 123. Jleturn to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Number o£ bonded liquor warehouse licenses granted to the Province of Alberta by the present Government since 1917. 2. To whom such licenses were granted. 3. On whose recominendation. Presented April 6, 1921. Mr. Mackie (EXlmonton). Not printed. 124. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Number of bushels of Canadian grain carried from Winnipeg eastwards during 1919 and 1920. 2. Quantity of Canadian grown grain exported abroad and shipped through Canadian ports, from what ports and what quantity in each case, during 1919 and 192i0. 3. Quantity of Canadian grown grain exported through American ports during 1919 and 192'0i from what ports and what quantity through each port. 4. Quantity of Canadian grown grain carried from the West to the East during 1919 and 1920 — (a)by the C.P.R. (6)by the G.T.R. (c) by the Government lUilways. 5. Rate now prevailing on the transportation of grain in Canada (o) on the Gov- ernment Railways, (i>) on the various other railways. Presented April 6, 1921. Mr. Vien ^'o' printed. 125. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd March, 1920, for a Return showing:— 1. What the different classes of the Grand Trunk Railway Company's Stock werf- quoted at in January, 191S. as regards, First Preference Stock Ave per cent: Second Preference Stock five per cent ; Third Preference Stock four per cent ; Ordinary or Common Stock: Five per cent Grand Trunk Debenture Stocks; Five per cent Great Western Debenture Stocks ; Four per cent Grand Trunk Debenture Stocks ; Four per cent NorOiem Debenture Stocks. 2. Wliat the same stocks were quoted at in January, 1919, and January, 1920. 3. Whether any of the stock of the Grand Trunk Railway Company has been sold or changed hands since January, 1918. 4. If so, who the purchasers of it were, what the date of purchase or transfer, and the price paid. 5. Whether any member of the present Government ever held any of the stock of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, either personally or by proxy through any other person. 6. If so, the names of said member.s, what amount of stock was so acquired, on what date and on what terras. Presented April 7, 1921. Mr. Caldwell. Not printed. 126. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th March, 1921, for a Return showing; — 1. Whether suction dredge Tornado was employed in dredging in Courtney Bay or St. John Harbour, N.B., during the year 19 20. 2. Who is the owner. 3. Where the dredge was built. 4. What date she arrived at St. John. 5. What port she sailed from. 6. What the total expenditure was to December 31, 1930, In connection with the work done by this dredge. 7. Whether certain pontoons were lost at the time that said dredge was brought to St. John. S. If the same were recovered. 9. Where the dredge Tornado is now. Presented April 7, 1921. Mr. Sinclair (Antigonish and Guysboro') ^°t printed. 127. Return to an Order of the House of the 30th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Amount of money expended by the Dominion Government in each Province in the Dominion, for road building purposes during the year 1920. 2. Araoimt of money expended by the Dominion Government, in each Province, for Technical Education under the Agricultural Instruction Act in the year 1920. 3. Amount of money expended by the Dominion Government to assist agricultural fairs held in each Pro- vince in 1920. 4. Amount of money expended by the Dominion Government in the year 192i0 in the various Provinces in operating a selling organization for the purpose of disposing of live stock, etc. 5. Total amount expended by the Dominion Government in 1920 towards assisting and developing agriculture. 6. Total amount expended In the year 1911 by the Dominion Government towards assisting and developing agricul- ture. 7. Amount of money expended by the Dominion Government in the year 1920 in connection with the Housing Act in the respective Provinces. Presented April 8, 1921. Mr. Armstrong (l.ambton) Not printed 128. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921, for a copy of all corre- spondence, telegrams, and other documents, relative to the resignation of Mr. John Sheridan, Indian Superintendent for the North Shore district, in the Province of New Brunswick, in 1920. Also copy of all correspondence, telegrams and other documents relative to his reappointment to the said position. Presented April S, 1921. Mr. Leger ^ot printed I 129. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th March. 1921. for a Return showing:— 1. Wbat amounts were appropriated for the National Gallery of Canada from April 1. 1916, to April 1, 1921. 2. How these appropriations were expended. 3. Who is in charge of the National Gallery, when appointed, at what salary and present salary. 20 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME d~Confinued. 4. How many offlcials are on the staff at the Gallery, their names, dates cf appoint- ment and respective salaries. 5. What offlcials of the Gallery staff have been drawing their salaries while the Gallerj- has been closed and at what work they were employed. 6. When and why the National Galleiy was closed, and when it will be reopened. Presented April 11, 1921. Mr. Edwards Not printed 130. Return to an Order of the House of the 5th May, 1920, for a Return showing:- — 1. Totals of credits advanced by the Canadian Government to (o) Great Britain, (6) the Allied Powers, before the armistice. 2. Of these totals what proportions were used respectively for the purchase of (a) agricultural products; (b) manufactured goods. 3. Total of credits advanced by the Canadian Government to (o) Great Britain, (b) the Allied Powers, after the armistice. 4. Of these totals what propor- tions were used respectively for the purchase of (o)agricultural products; (b) manu- factured goods. Presented April 11, 1921. Mr. Reid (Mackenzie) Not printed 131. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th April. 1921, for a copy of all reports, orders, telegi'ams, certificates of valuation, or any other correspondence relating to or con- nected with the s'aughter of 243 hogs, the property of one George B. Alderson, by officers of the Department of Agriculture on or about the 20th day of April. 1920, and for which compensation has been refused by the Minister. Presented April 11, 1921. Mr. Sutherland Not printed 131a. Copy of Report of Inspector made under the Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 1903, R.S.C. 1906, re slaugliter of hogs owned by George Alderson, Humber Bay, Ont. Presented May 21, 1921. Mr. Sutherland Not printed 132. Copies of Orders in Council, P.C. 2010 and 2flZS, establishing regulations under the provisions of the Proprietary or Patent Medicine Act. Presented by Hon. Mr. Calder, April 14, 1921 Not printed 133. Return to an Order of the House of the Tth April, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. How many employees the Government has in the British Isles. 2. Number of departments maintained. 3. How many employees the Government has in the United States. 4. Number of departments maintained Presented April 13, 1921. Mr Wright. Not printed. 134. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. In regard to the Federal Civil Service what is understood to be comprised by the words (o) Ins de Service; (b)Outside Service. 2. Number of employees at present in the (a)Inside Service; (b) Outside Service. Presented April 11, 1921. Mr. Edwards Not printed. 135. Return to an Order of the House of the "tli April, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Total number of persons in the employ of the Dominion Government, including both the inside and outside service, but not including the Canadian National Rail- ways. 2. Number of persons in tl\e employ of the Canadian National Railways Presented April 15, 1931. Mr. Eeid (Mackenzie.) Not printed. 136. Return to an humble Address of the Senate to His Excellency the Governor General, dated March 30, 1921, of: — All correspondence exchanged between the Imperial Government and the Government of Canada in connection with the representation of this country, either in the British Parliament or in any council ; its participation in the administratiaon of the British Empire, its contribution to the wars of the Empire and to the establishment of a British or Canadian Nav>'. The Senate. .. .Not printed. 137. Report of the Air Board, for the year 192'0. The Senate Not printed. 138. Copy of Proceedings of the Canada-West Indies Conference, 1920. Presented by Sir George Foster. April 18, 1921 Not printed. 139. Return to an Order of the House of the 6th April, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Whether the Young Men's Christian Association associated with the Canadian Expeditionary Force in the great war submitted to the Government a statement of accounts showing all moneys received and expended by that body both by way of contribution from people in Canada and arising out of sales to Canadian troops. 2. If so, whether the Government will lay same upon the table of the House. 3. It not, whether it is the intention of the Government to procure and distribute such a statement. Presented April 18, 1921. Mr. Griesbach Not printed. 21 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9— Continued. 140. Retuin to an Order of the House of the 9th March, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Number of Soldiers' Hospitals in Canada at present. 2. Number of patients in each hospital. 3. What staff each hospital carries. 4. Total expenditure on these Military Hospitals, a. Whether any of the said hospitals have been closed recently. 6. Number of soldier patients transferred from military to general or civic hospitals throughout the country. 7. Staff maintained at Ottawa for the inspection and general direction of these Militarj- Hospital?. S. Names and respective salaries of the members of said staff. 9. Whether any efforts have been made to save money by having soldier patients attended by local doctors. Presented April 18, 1921. Mr. Proulx. Not printed. 141. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th April, 1921, for a copy of the special papers and correspondence concerning the application to the Board of Pension Commissioners of Mrs. Brunelle, widowed mother of the late Sergeant Major N. Brunelle. No. 62068, for a punsion. Presented April 18, 1921. Mr. Lemieux .Vo( printed. 142. Return to an Order of the House of the 8th March, 1921, for a copy of all corre- spondence in connection with the employment and resignation of M. Abel Guibeau, engineer on board the Canadian TravcUer, in 1919, and on the Canadian Sower in 1919-1920. Presented April 18. 1921. Mr. PUnfret Not printed. 143. Copy of Order in Council. P.C. 1270, dated 12th April. 1921, appointing the Honourable James Duncan Hyndman. Judge of the Supreme Court of Alberta, William D. Staples, Fort William, Ont.. J. H. Haslam, Regina, Sask., and Lincoln Goldie, Guelph, Ont., commissioners to inquire into and report upon the subject of handling and marketing of grain in Canada. Presented by Sir George Foster, April 19. 1921 Not printed 144. Reports of Ministers of Justice, approved by the Governor in Council, upon Provincial Legislation from 1896 to date. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, April 21, 1921. Printed for distribution^ in hound form. ■•45. Return to an Order of the House of the 26th April, 1920, for the production of copies of all correspondence, reports and documents exchanged between the Government and those in charge of the shipyard at Sorel, or any other person, in relation to the pay- ment of a bonus to the employees of said shipyard, and the interruption or cessation of same. Presented April 21, 1921. Mr. Cardin Not printed. 146. Return to an Order of the House of the 13th April, 1921, for a Return showing:^ 1. ■«Tiether the Governtnent operated a telegraph line in Northern British Columbia prior to the taking over of the Great North Western Telegraph Company's line in conmction with the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and Canadian Northern Railway. 2. Whether the Government is still operating both telegraph lines, namely, the old Government line and the Great North Western Telegraph line. 3. 'Wliy the Govern- ment is continuing to operate two telegraph offices in Hazelton, New Hamilton. Smithers, Telkwa and some other points along the Grand Trunk Pacific. 4. Whether the business warrants the maintaining of two separate telegraph offices in the towns mentioned. Presented April 21, 1921. Mr. Reid (Mackenzie.) Not printed. 14j7_ Return to an Order of the House of the 11th April, 1921, for a copy of telegrams, correspondence, petitions or other documents exchanged between the Government of Prince Edward Island and the Federal Government relative to the taking over and operating of the Dalton Sanatorium by the Federal Government and the handing back of the same to the Government of Prince Edward Island. Presented April 21, 1921. Mr. Sinclair (Queen's, P.E.I.) Not printed. 148. Return to an Order of the House of the 21st April, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Number of persons per mile of railway in operation in Canada in 1S96, 1911 and 1914. 3- Number of persons per mile of railway in operation in each of the nine provinces (Alberta and Saskatchewan as now bounded), giving the mileage in each of the provinces in 1896, 1911 and 1914. Presented April 21, 1921. Mr. Casgrain. Not printed. 149 Return to an Order of the House of the 21st April. 1921. for a Return showing: — Names, occupation and residence of the persons who have applied for the position of superintendent of the Government shipyards at Sorel. Presented April 21, 1921. Mr. Cardin ^'^"^ printed. I'iO Copies of Orders in Council P.C. 24S3. dated 23rd October, 1920, and P.C. 2652, dated 1st November, 19 20. in respect to changes in the organizataion of the Law Branch of the House. Presented by Hon. The Speaker, April 22, 1921 Not printed. T^l Return to an Order of the House of the 30th March, 1921. for a statement showing the names of the examining officials of the Chistoms Department, Toronto, and the respec- tive salaries of each of said officials. Presented April 25. 1921. Mr. Archambault. Not printed. 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9— Continued. 152. Sixth Annual Report of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Northern Railway System, for the year ended December 31. 1920. Presented by Hon. Mr. Reld, April 2C, 1921 Not printed. 153. Return to an Order of the Senate of the 2iGtIi April, 1921, tor an Order showing: — The amount actually paid or due for wages for the tirst 20 of the most highly paid men on the Canadian National Rail^'ays in the following classes: — (1) engineers; (2) firemen; (3) trainmen; (4) local firemen; (5) yard foremen; (6) yard helpers. Give the amount per month in each case starting from July 1, 1920, up to January 1, 1921, and the total for the six months in each case. The Senate Not printed. 154. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th April, 1921, for a copy of all correspondence between the Government and the Board of Trade and City Council and Harbour Commission of Quebec, since the ses.sion of 1917, with regard to the diversion of the Northwestern grain trade to New York, the alleged non-fulfllment by the Govern- ment of its undertakings with regard to the terminals of the Transcontinental Railway at Quebec, and of the Memorials addressed to the Prime Minister on these subjects. Presented April 27, 1921. Mr. Lavigueur Not printed. 154o. Supplementary Return to an Order of the House of the 4th April, 1921, for a copy of all correspondence between the Government and the Board of Trade and City Council and Harbour Commission of Quebec, since the session of 1917, with regard to the diversion of the Northwestern grain trade to New York, the alleged non-fulfllment by the Government of its undertakings with regard to the terminals of the Transcon- tinental Railway at Quebec, and of the Memorials addressed to the Prime Minister on these subjects. Presented May IS, 1921. Mr. Lavigueur Not printed. 155. Return to an Order of the House of the 2oth April, 1921, for a Return showing the number of returned soldiers who have purchased farms tJirough the Soldiers' Settle- ment Board in tlie County of Bonaventure, the average price paid for said farms, the nuniber of said farms which have been abandoned and the disposition made by the Governmient of the said farms, the loss incurred, if any, and the names of the soldiers who have settled in the said county, showing the respective localities. Pre- sented April 28, 1921. Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure.) Not printed. 156. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th May, 1920. for a Return showing: — • 1. Number of persons employed in the Finance Department in Ottawa. 2. Their names and salaries. Presented April 28, 1921. Mr. Hocken Not printed. 157. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th April, 1921, for a Return showing: — 1. Number of officials now employed by the Canadian National Railway system in the traffic and operating departments. 2. Number of oflicials eiuployed by the Cana- dian Northern Railway in the trathc and operating departments prior to the Govern- ment taking over the system. 3. Number of officials employed by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway In the traffic and operating departments prior to the Government taking over the system. 4. Number of officials employed by the Canadian Govern- ment Railways, namely, the Intercolonial and Transcontinental, in the traffic and operating departments prior to the amalgamation of the companies into the Canadian National systemi B. Total cost in connection with wrecks on the Canadian National Railway on the line between Saskatoon and Calgary for the year 1920. 6. Whether the cost of wrecks was charged up to operating expenses or to capital account. 7. Total detention expenses on the Canadian National Railway between Saskatoon and Calgary for the year 1920. 8. Why it is that certain equipment for the Canadian National Railway Is charged to operation expenses in stead of capital account. 9. Total amount charged to capital account for the year 1920 in connection with Cana- dian National Railways. Presented April 2S, 1921. Mr. Myers Not printed. 158. Copy of Order in Council PX:. 118/13(61, dated 20th April, 1921, respecting the retire- ment of James W. Watson of the Department of the Naval Service. Presented by Hon. Mr. Ballantyne, May 3, 1921 Not printed. 159. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th April, 1921, for a copy of all corre- spondence since January 1, 1912, between the Minister of Railways and Canals or any officer of the Department of Railways and Canals at Ottawa, and any officer of the Intercolonial Railway, and between any of such officers and Messrs. G. J. Davie and Sons, or any solicitor or agent of the firm, respecting the expropriation of land at Lfevis, Quebec, for the purposes of the Intercolonial Railway. Presented May 3, 1921. Mr. Fielding Not printed. 160. Return to an Order of the House of the 18th April, 1921, for a copy of all corre- spondence, telegrams and other documents exchanged between the Department of Justice and the Department of the Attorney General in the province of Alberta, in regard to the vacancy in the District Court Judgeship occasioned by the transfer of Judge McNeil to the Judicial District of Calgary. Presented May 3, 1921. Mr. Shaw. I Not printed. 23 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9 ('onlimml. 161. Ui'luin to :in Order of the House of the 7th March, 192.1, for a Return showinK: — 1. Total nunibir of enlistments in the Canadian Kxpedltlonary Force (including men who enlisted umler tlie Military Sfrviec Act) tiom thu- outbrealt of the war to Armistice day. 2i Numlier of the said men who served in (a) Canada; (b)Knf;land, and (c) France. 3. The total numiljcr of examinations of pensioners conducted by the Board of Pension Commissioners from June. 19:iO, to date. 4. Number of reduc- tions in pensions made and the total amount thereof. 5. Cost of the administration of the Hoard of I'ension Commissioners for the whole period of the Board's existence. G. Number of employees (a) male, and (b) female, employed by the said Board, and number of the male employees who sjiw service in France. 7. Number of men employed in the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment who saw service In France, and the total cost of administration of this department to date. 8. Number of men in the service of the Soldiers' Settlement Board and the Vocational Training Board, and what number of them saw service in France. Presented May 3. 1921. Mr. Gordon Not printed. 162 Report of the Royal Commission appointed under Part I of the Inquiries Act. by Order in Council of May 20, 1919. to inquire into and concerning the possibilities of the Reindeer and Musk-Ox lndu.stries in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Canada. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, May 4. 1921 Not pi-inletl. 163. .Return to an Order of the House of the 10th Marcli, 1921, for a copy of all corre- spondence, documents, telegrams, reports, memoranda, tenders and contracts having reference to or in connection with the repairs of the wharf situated at St. Michel, County of Bellechasse, Quebec, from October 1, 1918. to date. Presented May 7, 1921. Mr. Fournier Not printed. 164. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Governor General of the 11th April, 1921, for a copy of all correspondence, telegrams, petitions and other documents exchanged between the Dominion Government and the Ontario Provincial Government or any Ministers of eitlier Administration, relative to the removal of the British Embargo on Canadian cattle. Presented May 9, 192a. Mr. Smith Not ininted. 165. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Governor General, of the 11th April. 1921, for a copy of all correspondence between the Chief Justice of Ontario and any Member of Uie Government as to the Judges' Act of the Session of 1920. Presented May 9, 1921. Mr. Lemieux Not printed. 166. Return to an Order of the House of the 2nd May, 1921. for a Return showing (o) the number of oflicials transferred from Calgary, Winnipeg. Ottawa, Halifax, or other points in Canada to Vancouver (Soldiers' Civil Re-establishmcnt Department) since November 1, 1920. (b) Whether said transferees are married or single, (c) Number of officials in Vancouver whose services have been dispensed with since November 1, 1920 (Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment Department), also number to whom notice of retirement has been given. (d) Names of those transferred into Vancouver and positions to which they were assigned. Presented May 9, 1921. Mr. Stevens. Not printed. 167. Return to an Order of the House of the 14th March, 1921, for a copy of all oflicial correspondence between the Government of Canada or any Member thereof, and the Government of the Province of Manitoba, or any member thereof, respecting subsec- tion 5, of clause 325 of the Consolidated Railway Act of Canada. Presented May 9, 1921. Mr. Cahill Not printed. 168. Copy of Supplementary Extradition Convention with the United States, signed at London on the 15th January, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, May 11. 1921. I , Not printed. 1680. Copy of a Convention between the United States and Great Britain, signed January 15, 1917, making the wilful desertion of wife or children in the United States and Canada an extraditable offence. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty. May 21, 1921. I Not printed. 169. Return to an Order of the House of the 21st March. 1921. for a copy of all corre- spondence, telegrams, reports, memoranda in the hands of the Minister of Public Works. Ofilcials of the Public Works. Superintendent of Engineering Department, in and for the Province of Quebec, Mr. A. R. Decarie, and Engineering Department at Ottawa pertaining to and regarding the construction, repairs or improvements at tlie following named hart>ours : St. Ulric. Matane. Ste. Feiicite. Ruisseau 3. Loutre. Mfchins. all in Matane County, from Jan\iary. 1918. to dnte. Presonled M.ay 12. 192H. Mr. Pelletier Not prinltd. 24 11-12 George V . List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9— Continued. 170. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1921, for a statement showing: — 1. The amounts loaned or the credits made by the Government o£ Canada since the 19th April, 1920 (o) to Greece, (b) to Roumania. 2. The respective dates of these loans or credits to (a) Greece, (6) Roumania. 3. The nature of goods bought by the Government of Canada (n) for Greece. (6) for Roumania. 4. The names of corporations, firms or persons from whom these goods have been purchased, (a) the niiture of the merchandise in each case, (b) the amounts paid by the Government to these corporations, firms or persons in each case and also the date of said pay- ments. Presented May 13, 1921. Mr. Archambault Not printed. 171. Return to an Order of the^ Senate of the 17th May, 1921, for a Return showing :^ — 1. The amount of money paid each year by the Government of Canada subsequent to 1910 to, for, or in connection with: (a) The Intercolonial Railway (6) the Canadian Northern Railway, and its subsidiaries; (c) the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway; (d) the Transcontinental Railway; (e) the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada. 2. Apart from the above, the amount of loans to each. 3. The total amount charged to date to capital account against or in connection with the Intercolonial Railway and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, separately. 4. The additional amount, if any, paid by the Government to. or in connection with the Intercolonial Railway, and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, separately, and not charged to capital account. The Senate. Not printed. 172. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th May, 1921, for a copy of all correspondence between any member of the Government or any official of the Insurance Department with any member of any Provincial Government or any Provincial Superintendent of Insurance or any association of Provincial Superintendents of Insurance with respect to the resolution amending the Insurance Act standing in the Minister of Finance's name on the Order Paper or the subject matter of the resolution. Pre- sented May 20, 1921. Mr. Lemieus Not printed. 173. Copy of correspondence in respect to an alleged invitation to the Honourable P. J. Veniot to enter the Dominion Cabinet. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, May 20, 1921. 174. Return to an Order of the House of the 2Sth April, 19211, for a Return showing: — 1. How many automobiles the Government owns and uses in Ottawa. 2. How many chauffeurs are employed, their names and respective salaries. 3. Who the Ministers are and Deputy Ministers who use the said cars. 4. "What other officials are using them and for what special purpose. 5. "Whether any of said automobiles have been used on Sundays during the last fiscal year. If so, by whom. 6. "Whether the Government has any garage in the city of Ottwa. 7. If so, what it cost during the last fiscal year for maintenace, wages, gasoline, repairs of all, and tires, respectively. S. Whether the said garage was purchased by the Government. If so, from whom, at what price, and when it was purchased. Presented May 26, 1921. Mr. Lanctot. Not printed. 175. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th March. 1921. for a Return showing:^ 1. Number of Civil Servants in the Inside Service in each Department of the Govern- nrent on December 31, 192iO. 2. How many days absence, exclusive of regular holi- days, were recorded in each Department for the year 1920. Presented May 2'6, 1921. Mr. Steele Not printed. 176. Report of the Committee appointed by the Minister of Justice to advise upon the revision of the Penitentiary Regulations and the Amendment of the Penitentiary' Act, February 2S. 1921. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, May 28, 1921.. .Not printed. 177. Copy of Draft Conventions and recommendations of the International Labour Confer- ence, Washington, 1919, and of the International Labour Conference, Geneva, 19 20 Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, May 2S, 1921 Not printed. 178. Copy of all papers, correspondence, etc., in the Department of the Naval Service in connection with the sale of H.M.C.S. "Niobe." Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, May 2S, 1921 Not printed. 179. Copy of an opinion from the Deputy Minister of Justice to the Under Secretary of State as to the date on which, under Section 109 of the Canada Temperance Act, prohibition, if the vote be favourable to, is to come into force in New Brunswick, and how that day is to be determined. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, May 2S, 1921. Not printed. 180. Copy of Order in Council. P.C. 1217, dated 9th day of April, 1921, transferring the administration of the Agricultural Fertilizers Act from the Department of Health to the Department of Agriculture. Presented by Hon. Mr. Tolmie, May 31, 1921. Not printed. 25 11-12 George V List of Sessional Papers A. 1921 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9— Continued. 181. Return to an Order of the House of the 21st April. 1921, for a Return showing; — 1. How many secretaries, private-secretaries, assistant-private-secretaries, joint-secre- taries to Ministers of the Crown tiave been appointed since 1911. 2. Date of each nomination. 3. Names of the nominees. 4. Salary each has been receiving. 5. By what minister each has been appointed. 6. Whether all or any of such persons are still in the employ of the Government. If so, their names, what position they are occupying and salary they are receiving. Presented June 1, 1921. Mr. I'arent. , Xot printed. 182. Annual Report of the Superintendent of the Geodetic Survey of Canada for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1920. Presented by Hon. Mr. Tolmie, June 2, 1921. Not primed. 183. Copy of the Joint Report of the International Boundary Commission upon the Survey and Demarcation of the Boundarj- between the United States and Canada, from the western terminus of the land boundary along the forty-ninth parallel on the west side of Point Roberts, through Georgia. Haro. and Juan de Fuca Straits, to the Pacific ocean, together with two identical signed joint charts, in accordance with the provisions of Article ^^II of the Treaty signed at Washington, April 11, 190S. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Tolmie, June 2, 1921 Not printed. 184. Interim report of His Honour Julge Snider on the disposition of a quantity of publications from the Distribution Branch of the Government Printing Bureau. Pre- sented June 3, 1921 Not printed. 184(1. I..etter from Fred Cook. Esq.. Cliaii-man of the Editorial Committee on Governmental P\iblications. and P. C. C. I^ynch. Esq., respecting Judge Snider's Report on the discarding of publioalions at the Government Distribution Office, with a copy of Inventory No. 1. Prcsenteil June 4, 1921 Not printed. 26 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SHIPPING REPORT lla— 1 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a A. 1921 SHIPPING REPORT DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS CONTAINING THE STATEMENTS OF NAVIGATION AND SHIPPING OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1920 COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL RETURNS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1920 [No. 11a— 1921) 11 GEORGE V DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAIRE No 11a A. 1921 RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION MINISTERE DES DOUANES CX3NTENANT LA STATBTIQUE DE LA NAVIGATION INTERffiURE ET MARITIME DU DOMINION DU CANADA POUR L'EXERCICE CLOS LE 31 MARS 1920 RAPPORTS OFFICIELS COMPO-feS DU MINIST£RG DES DOUANES 1MPR1M& PAR ORDRE DU PARLBMENT OTTAWA THOMAS MULVET IMPRIMEUR DE SA TR^S BXCELLENTE MAJEST6 LE ROI 1920 No. 11a— 1921] 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No 11a A. 1921 To His Excellency the Duke of Devonshite, K.G., P.C., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., etc., etc., etc., Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May it Please Your Excellency: — The undersigned has the honour to present to Your Excellency the Annual Report of the Department of Customs, containing Statements of Navigation and Shipping of the Dominion of Canada for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1920, as compiled from official returns. All of which is respectfully submitted. R. W. WIGMORE, Minister of Customs and Inland Revenue. Ottawa, November 2, 1920. 11 GEORGE V DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAIRE No. 11a A Son Excellence le due de Devonshire, -CJ., C.P., G.C.M.G., G.C.O.Y., etc., etc., etc., Oouverncur general et Commandant en ckef du Dominion du Canada. Qu'lL PlaISE a ^'OTRE EXCELLENCE: — • Le sdussigne a I'honneur de presenter a Votre Excellence le rapport annuel du ministere des Douanes, comprenant les tableaux de la navigation et du commerce du Dominion du Canada, pour I'exercice clos le 31 mars 1920. tel que compile des rapports officiels. Le tout respect ueusement sourais. R. W. WIGMORE, Ministre des Douanes et du Revenu de Vlntirieur. Ottawa, 2 novembre 1920. II GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11« INDEX TO STATEMENTS Total Vos^ld built, registered, and sold, and total toonage entered Inwards and Outwards since Confederation Statement, by Ports, of Vessels built and rcgbtered, 1920 |Statement showinu ilie trade via St. Lawrence River (Sea-Koini; VeaseU) Inwards and Outwards Statement of \ es.- Statement of Inland Na\-igation, In\s-ards and Outwards Statement of A'essels emploj-ed in the Coasting Trade EXPLANATORY NOTE TONNAGE SHOWN IN STATEMENTS ARE NET TONS TABLE DE LA STATISTIQUE Page. Total des vaisseaux constniits, enregistr^s et vendus, et total du tonnage entr£ dans les ports int£rieuro et secondaires depuis la Confederation Tableau par ports des na\-ires constniits et enregistres. 1920 Tableau du commerce via le fleuve St-Laurent (na'\'ire3 allant Jk la mer), des ports int^rieurs et secondaires Tableau des naWres venant de la mer, entrfe dans les ports et ports secondaires Relevt par pays des na\-ires venant de la mer, entrfe par les ports Tableau des na\ires allant k la mer. des ports et des ports secondaires Uelev6 par pays des na\-ires allant k la mer. des ports secondaires I Sommaire du tableau des navires allant ^ la mer. arri\'agcs et departs A chaque port I Tableau par nationality des na\-ires allant & la mer Sommaire du tableau de^ na^-ires allant k la mer. des ports et ports secondaires Sommaire du tableau des arri\'ages et departs des navires (moins les na\'ires du calH)t;ige> C-ommerce avec divers pays, par ports et nationalites, des navires venant de la mer Sommaire du tableau des navires venant de la mer. par pays et nationalites . i Commerce avec divers pays, par ports et nationalitfo, des na\-ires allant A la mer Sommaire du tableau des na\'ires allant k la mer. par pays et nationality Tableau du commerce entrant par naA-igatlon int^rieure du Canada et des Etats-Unis Tableau du commerce sortant par navigation int^rieure du Canada et des Etats-Unis Sommaire du tableau de la navigation interieure. entrant et sortant du Canada Tableau des navires employes au cabotage NOTE EXPLICATIVE LE TONNAGE INDIQUE DANS LES TABLEAUX EST EN TONNES NETTES 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a Vo. 1. — CoMPAR.\TiVE Statement showing the Tonnage of all Vessels entered Inwards and Outwards, from 1S68 to 1920, inclusive. N° 1. — Tableau comparatip montrant le tonnage detous les navires venant de la mer et allant k la mer de 1868 a 1920, inclusivement. NAVIGATION. Vessels entered Inwards and Vessels . Outwards employed in (Sea- going the Coasting and Inland Trade Navigation entered Vessels Vessels exclusive of Inwards and Veesels sold to Fiscal Year. built. registered. Coasting). Outwards. other countries. Ann6e fiscale. Navires Naviree Navires Naviree Navires vendus £L conetruits. ewegistrfis. venant de la servant au d'autres pays. mer et allant commerce Ala mer par cabotage (navigation maritime et int^rieure k entrant ou sortant du I'exclusion Canada. Tonnage. Value. de ceux — — servant au ■ Tonnage. A'aleur. cabotage). Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. I 1868 87,230 96,439 113.692 125,408 12,982,825 10,461,044 1869 1870, , . . 93,166 110,852 11,415,870 1871 106,101 114.065 140.370 174,404 188,098 165,041 121,724 127.371 152,226 163,016 204,002 144 422 13.126,028 12,808,160 11,748,997 11,, 399, 857 9,537,155 9 911 199 1872 1873. , , , 1874 1875 1876. . . 10 300 939 64ii34 2 i89 270 1877 127,297 126,160 11,091,244 8,968,862 46.329 l! 576, 244 1878 106,976 100,089 12,054,890 11,047,661 35,039 1,218,145 1879 103,551 94,882 11,646,812 12.066.683 19.318 529, 824 1880. 68,756 64,982 13,577,845 14.053,013 16.208 464,327 1881. 79,364 70,210 13,802,432 15,116,766 16.808 348,018 1882 68,240 78.076 13,379,882 14,791,064 16,161 402,311 1883 73,576 78,229 13,770,735 15,683,566 23,896 506,538 1884 70,287 80,822 14,359,026 15,473,707 17.368 416,756 1885 57,486 65.962 14,084,712 15,944,422 13.177 246,277 1886 37,531 40,872 13,969,232 16,368,274 14,343 266,363 1887 , 26,798 67.662 14,090,998 17,513,677 9,263 143,772 1888 22,698 33,298 15,217.308 18,789,279 14,479 289,969 1889 23,835 31,998 16,054,221 19,834,577 16,173 266,817 1890 39,434 53,853 18,446,100 22,797,115 22,844 442,781 1891 55,477 52,506 18,803,648 24,694,580 15,143 280,474 1892 44,321 61,457 18,692,455 24,783,844 36,399 506,747 1893. . 38,521 45,796 18,539,534 24,579,123 31,317 363,916 1894 23,497 29.878 20,353.081 26,560,968 21,960 243,429 1895 18,728 26,125 19,100,963 25.473,434 27,431,i^3 16,567 172,563 1896 10,753 14,144 21,870,473 12,203 99,392 1897 12,058 22,959 23.373,933 27,267,979 9.158 105,164 1898 22,426 27,716 24.746,116 29,663,950 17,210 191,069 1899 22,085 28,257 25,420,110 30,212,496 7,562 126,466 1900 28,544 40,443 26,914,095 33.631,730 13,354 205,618 1901 20, 156 35,156 26,029,808 34,444,796 4,490 66,468 1902 28,288 34.236 30,025,404 40,700,907 11,360 235,865 1903 .30,856 41,405 33.655,043 44,990.358 11,172 220,602 1904 28,397 33, 192 31,202,205 45.505.122 7,208 87,115 1905 21.865 27,583 32,277,820 44,377,261 3,696 100,363 1906 18,724 37,639 34,732,172 46,324,062 9,487 187,725 •1907. 33,205 31,635 30,595,891 31,691,420 3,855 68.190 1908 49,928 78,144 39,575,031 50,529,835 4,515 132,900 1909 29.023 32,899 40,701,603 52,670,198 3,644 98,643 1910 24,059 33,383 44,567,991 56,750.928 5,047 133.800 1911 22,812 50,006 47,429,545 66,627,934 5.885 201.526 1912 . 31,065 30,021 52,973,127 66,267,662 4,265 140,350 1913 24,325 30,225 57,849,783 73,644,713 7.976 610,650 1914 46,887 46,909 61,919,483 78,356,809 8.258 169,618 1915. . 45,721 55,384 53,604,153 73,099,982 17.044 1,150,950 1916 13,497 102,239 57,721,098 68,709,424 4,529 192,575 1917 28,638 105,826 65.712.544 64,895,622 24,954 4,398,570 1918 53,912 70,350 66.802,488 61.462,600 25,252 5,330,850 1919 104,444 102,883 53.229,048 54,503,325 48,965 14,612,338 1920 164,074 237,022 49,493,533 60,552,658 53,407 17,819.477 crsTOMs—snjj'PiXG ukpukt 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 1 a 3 I iiiiii ^ r^co^oooocous^ >SSSS>' DOVAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a Xo. 3. — Statement showing the Trade via St. Lawrence River (Scu-going ^'essel!^) Inwards and Outwards. N° 3. — Etat du commerce via le fleuve Saint-Latirent (navires allant en mer) interieur et maritime. — Vessels - Navires Tons Register Tonnage enregistrfe Freight, Tons weight Fret, poids tonneaux Freight. Tons measurement Fret,jaiigeage tonneaux Inwards — Interiear Outwards — Maritime 393 753 1.728.515 2.240.118 378,668 2,902,623 26,816 366,198 Total trade — Total du eommerce 1,146 3,%8.633 3,281,291 393,014 CUSTOMSSHJJ'riS a Uhl'ORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 4. — Statement of Vrescltf, British, Caniidian and Ton ikii. N° 4. — Etat di'S navires britanniques, canadiens et (5trarg»Ts Porta and Outports. Port et ports 1 secondairee. i With Cargoos-Chargfa ' British — Britanniquea. Canadian— Canadiena. Veesels. Navires. Tons register. Tonnage gistri. Freight, Tons weight. Fret, poids toimeaux. Freight, Tons mont. Fret, iaugeage tOD- Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Narires. Tons register. Tonago gistr*. Freight, Tons weight. Fret, poids ton- neaux. Freight, Tons' measuie- mont. Fret. iaugeage ton- Crew. E^m- page. 1 Annapolis Royal, N.S 8 74 18 2 732 1,374 476 154 1,303 1,065 9 136 1,404 ' 34 400 69 10 2 2 3 !.? ? 145 6 1 1 15 190 264 368 3,466 368 15 494 576 61 507 10 10 13 133 117 CampoBello. N.B 16 703 2.126 869 452 64 184 14 1,0SS J, 450 1,340 778 31 130 8 42 602 Charlottetown. P.E.I Chatham. N.B 7 628 785 36 36 8 7 Chester, N.S 62 2 2 123 96 198 175 45 2 2 5 Cl-irks Harbojr, N.S 8 139 45 7 10 5 344 352 18 7 3 3 21 186 2 227 285 320 54.5 82,648 2,300 106 1,200 639 41^651 17 20 GaspS Que 2 i,536 600 28 20 14 56 Halifaj. X.S Hantsport. N.S 316 1,045,826 81,078 50,500 3.233 18 Isaac's Harbour, N.S 1 71 135 _ 5 Ladner. B.C Ladysmith. B.C LaHave. N.S ) Lfvis, Que 1 81 126 10,385 90 15,198 10 2 2 603 > 7,005 1,056 107 16 131 42 24 50 11 20 .306 1 15 1 2,597 812 415 4.918 894 29,907 71 1,463 226 3,039 1,706 646 594 435 39.484 35 1.949 460 462 Lord's Cove. N.B 26 1 52.467 73 84,824 48 974 5 204 ' Ix)wer East Pubnico, N.S.. 211 5,021 5 Mahone Bay, N.S 191 1 ' Montague Bridge, P.E.I . . . 1 187 80 877.312 15 136,627 "i5'6i6 5 25. 288 22 4 34 45,201 80 3,318 50,058 53 2.061 2,112 729 2 .Murray Harbour, P.E.I.... ! Nanaimo, B.C 19 272 J New Westmirster, B.C.... S North East Harbour, N.S. 2 20 32 46 2.261 14, 160 11 369 7.885 12 ? North Head. N.B i North Sydney, N.S 207 ■ 93,' 654 62,008 "7^518 159 6,708 2.942 148 833 2 417 825 « 2 3 5 452 192 700 363 158 878 12 Port Hawkesbury. N.S 22 3.381 2,289 465 ^ Port La Tour, N.S .... 1 «6 65 5 SPort Mulgrave. N.S. . 9 Port Simpeon, B.C ' DOC AXES—RAPPORT DE LA NAVIOATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a entered Inwards /rom Sea, at each Port and Outport. venant de la mer entres a chaque port et port secondaire. |j In Ballast— LJges. Foreign. ''} British. Etrangers. | Britanniques. Canadiens. Foreign. Etrangers. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons register. Tan- nage enre- gistrt. Freight, Tons weight. Fret, poids ton- neau. Freight, Tons measure- ment. Fret, jaugeage ton- Crew. Equi- page. V'essels. N^i- Tons register. Tonnage gistrf. Crew. Equi- page. Veaseb. Navi- ro8. Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistrt. Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistrt. Crew. Equi- page. 1 1 91 ,10 103 3 1 8,570 18 78 746 6 23 I 4 »8S 163 757 13S 1,831 135 5 140 1,900 23 30 114 ' 9 9 3 8 357 44 1 10 ' 1 8 183 lu 25 1 1.814 1.235 139 14 5 3 3.596 99 6 ; > .) 307 20 1,928 336 2 8 4 181 7 40 133 2 303 86 4,061 10.455 2.428 1,951 7.725 5,180 60 304 786 29 1.192 1,479 >. ] i43 37 . 1 149 60 51,963 356 54 23,078 7,870 1,997 135 4 1,597 1.056 i( 28 2 6 m 12,967 52 189 1 1? i: 10 1,770 1,601 90 13 2,194 259 14 u 1 579 986 7 3 1,287 , 33 l( 11 19.131 314 8 47 1 4,732 1,524 7 104 116 2 17 1 8 1 3 19 1,745 60 If I! 1 iod 150 y- 2« •>: 6 186 145 1« 396 799 2,809 20 14 24 24 4S9 83 22 ?3 31'.) 19,3(M "" 1 2.323 32 3 6 1 4,488 331 71 23 24 25 1 . f. 21 24,800 376 3 1 1 6 35 12 5 9 138 1,403 53 148 27,362 17,239 4.605 • 83 9 28 5 21 6.^1 54 20 19 2; IS 2 6 1 85 3,915 367 61 28 .1 3 3,766 68 ■at 29 3( 182 1 241.623 1,620 262,738 25 5,i69 5, 193. 2S7 4.046 176 3 3 107 6 9 1 180 6 313,321 5,037 524 1,177 426 1,123 7 65.240 375 5,737 14 15 196 64 29 4 1.475 66 31 32 3S 3^ 0 450 637 15 ■M 31 1 8 3 ^ 3 7 179 5 310 33.504 744 34 921 64 37 :« 2 305 535 12 3! 4( 133 U 9.300 693 160 21.199 212 158 9.023 385 160 28,621 112 155 2,271 193 14 pil ^62 26 2 182 11 2 129 23 8 12 82 54 35 26 927 140 971 80.911 1,370 1.833 46 29 166 1.723 327 452 41 42 12 126 49 3 12 978 50,624 154 1,109 252 1,038 76 148 4: 72 4 44 77,098 1,301 44 45 2 4( 4; 4! 1 2 163 3,230 147 507.009 45 10 8,164 3 165 I 11 1 44 2 4! 5( 33 128.295 148,777 4,962 1,442 1 1.283 30 45 115.566 1,790 51 24 5.021 • 3,420 533 283 1 8 4.908 12,216 89 21J 116 4 13,785 231 650 19 708 9 2 1 43 226 57 45 167.791 5.883 428 44 769 90.522 58.107 10,845 4.571 133 10 17 105 6.532 2.286 576 53 .55 2 438 90 17,890 53,607 121 863 97 44.500 24,446 148 65 8 14 293 1. 115 hi 139 170 2 15 1 2 2 6 1 23,372 34,848 1,414 5,107 1,141 1,436 505 848 187 1,609 1,698 53 103 21 28 33 69 14 5; 8 34 1 413 12 151.352 1,626 4,561 80 58 59 fifl 4 61 1 119 225 561 15 5 3 7 1,583 172 646 34 13 124 62 11 1,103 673 .1. 9(H 79 64 A'i 2 147 38 40 66 K 1 65 63 . ,^ 1 ISl 34 I 76 16 68 10 3.395 209 • 611 Cl'STOMS—SH I PI'l \(; KEPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo. 4. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Forcipi> N° 4. — Etat des navires britanniqurs, canadiens et Strangers Porte and Outports. Port et ports sccondaires. With Cargoes— Chorgte. Britiah — Britanniquea. CftOftdisQ — Oftiudiens . ^ Veesels. Na\-ire8. Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistr*. Freight, Tons weight. Fret, poids tonneaui. Freight, Tons measure- ment. Fret, jaugeage ton- Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Navires. Tons register. Tonnage gistrS. Freight, Tons weight. Fret, poids ton- neaux. Freight, Tons measure meat. Fret, jaugeage ton- neaux. Crew. Equi- page. 7n Port Wade. N.S , 71 Powell River, B.C 1 536 2 193 31.308 ' 3.881 75 4.965 1,184 5 72 73 74 Prince Rupert, B.C Quebec, Que Richihucto, N'.B Rimouafci Que 32 118 10,678 634,145 880 13.103 "4;732 1,090 24,432 3,135 50 7fi 24 2 45 2 1 274 4 32. 136 685 17 268 2 29.056 27 2 2.066 38 7S 2 79 SO St. John, N.B 112 480,770 137.031 39.681 14.680 533 81 St. Peter's, \.,S 2 339 500 11 6 Salmon Jliver. X.,S Sandy Point, N.S Shediac, N.B Shelbume, N.S 2 3 i 82 252 73 4 293 90 9 18 5 84 85 5 2 85 16 455 119 1.225 88 681 12 1.063 20 32 33 S7 368 S8 43 Souris, P.E.i 2 in 70 10 1 1 39 27 93 42.730 25 201 94.845 6 ll 7 92 Sydney, N.S 74 221,189 489,097 3.472 1.060 <)^ 1 4S5 247 3 9 27 10 9 156 742.234 172.024 276 908 442 2.201 1 99 95.607 16.700 313 564 5,831 1,430 126] 985 2.157 13 5 96 97 IS Union Bay, B.C Vancouver, B.C i63 244 '383,277 313.722 "163,' 626 3,950 "81^852 318 ' 12^227 19.326 14 34.609 7.346 10 ino 44 101 in' White Rock. B.C Windsor, X.S 54 43 104 Yarmouth, N.S Total 1 73 200 5 43 4.115 4.506 405 1,574 4,189,494 1,124,085 141,593 162,431 2,819 1,253,199 436,439 135.246 62.618 DOCAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a entsr^d Inwa-rds from Sea, at each Port and Outport — Concluded. venani de la mer entr^s a chaque port et port secondaire — Fin. In Ballast— Lftges. Foreign. Etrangers. \ British. Britanniques. Canadian. Canadians . Foreign. Etrangers. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons register. Ton- nage gistrt. Freight, Tons weight. Fret, poids ton- neaux. Freight, Tons measure- ment. Fret, iaugeagc ton- Crew. Equi- page. Vessels Tons register. Tonnage gistr«. Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnage gistrfe. Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Navi- Tons register. Tonnage gistrfe. Crew. Equi- page. Z 1 5 163 20 373 28,667 2 45 1,654 58 744 g 27.331 31.231 18,556 14,603 40.453 2,319 676 1,395 3,331 384 5 2 49 1 14,434 495 98,798 325 17, £42 249 57 1,523 8 273 30 245 12 2 5 1 269 107 225 33 18 1 65 1 20 5.916 6.920 21,439 501 2.614 577 3. 384 6,635 98,440 6,063 250 219 5 4,540 193 1,540 529 1,285 369 14 55 8 525 311 1,808 293 7 34 2 1,217 7 396 71 72 71 / 74 4 3,352 72 76 935 9.081 322 229.634 430 2,696 1.613 17.157 560 1.074 5 7,034 4 499 112 338 8 55 17 21,578 59 12,041 7,857 1,702 15 348 63 1 7 87 254,785 3,863 1 4 1.334 3.438 17 53 6 206 14 48 4,994 5,496 779 1 1,681 29 15 1,222 247 5,306 1.161 542 3,487 62 253 7 191 2 974 16 1 23 37 12 94 936 500 2,031 106 119 326 28 6 142 3,U9 464 3,727 133 80 525 1 33 4 3 73 75 15 59 42.429 75,944 1,594 151 7 281,833 17,505 4.330 270 78 47,223 1.274 ios 1 2 131,703 1,337 267 3,597 28 9 92 1 111 350 22 16 15 35 51,033 36,561 71,479 842 967 2,566 20 276 394 6 2 36 33 5,335 110,613 190,998 104 194 878 39,066 167 4.602 12.368 12 9 97 272 196 197 691 4 1 14 19 79,171 106.871 259,211 76 92 308 15.631 1,089 2.423 11,700 8 3 ■ 42 171 "681 317 559 390,413 666,036 646 466, i46 43,880 281 12,905 12,095 11,286 28, 106 52 97 98 0 14 1.932 578 237,013 403 3,374 947 17,850 4 41 20 11,734 101 102 9 4 US 20 893 211 79 2,924 3,380 2.181,093 1,317,152 33,199 80,723 1,159 1,846,293 34,654 2,964 787,897 36,248 5,185 1,752,398 59,341 cusTOMSsini'Hixa repokt 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 5. — Statement of X'orscIb, British, Canadian 5. — Tableau d.^a navires britanniqucs, canadiens ABSTR.4CT BY COUNTRIES — Countries from which arrived. Pays d'ou its viennent. With Cargoes— Charges. British — Britanniquee. CanadiaQ — Canadiens. k: Vessels. Na>-ire8. Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistr*. Freight. Tons weight. Fret. poids tonneaiuc. Freight, Tons ment. Fret. jaugeage ton- Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Narires Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistrfe. Freight, Tons weight. Fret, poids ton- neaux. Freight. Tons measure- ment. Fret. jaugeage ton- Crew. Equi- page. 509 22 2,513.906 126.783 237,138 10,567 51,010 37,183 100.453 4.281 45 59,022 20.443 3.295 973 1 452 157 8 68 6 2.688 154,007 28.942 46 5,648 500 5 British West Indies British Straite Settlemente 90.881 8.713 12.118 27.300 119 22,162 32,648 820 3 9.302 1.100 114 10 345 9 1 293.486 54,886 3,155 418,554 20,226 5,690 11,248 11,190 1,045 51 143 72,102 98.944 674 2.852 i .: 1 3,549 664 41 All tri» 20 91,869 59 2.315 in 17 11 3 71.670 2.837 3.553 6.07S 1.459 1.269 57 27 17 144,719 25.457 65.350 45.615 99,992 209 8,«9» IS 502 20 3 6.704 416 U Frpnph Africa 1 350 615 7 1 1 2 3.1M1 1,045 9.306 3.470 1.707 3.000 4.700 83 20 117 2 13 3 833 17'750 4,172 1.050 6,046 11.963 12.538 IS 31 Italy 1 3 1 3,218 20,871 2,183 428 1.835 4.000 4^530 45 411 37 1? 904 33 34 Mexico ^ ..... . 72 i o way 0 17.680 36.185 265 p. ... ■ - 1 2 2,804 720 4,711 1,150 7.163 48 p . PR t . 1 284 500 7 It 38 R ■ ^ Rii".!i^ 1 1,998 100 25 4 14.895 3.210 8,737 1,074 ^t Pierre 1 Z9 4 1,045 8,019 10,340 2.120 3.242 12.831 25 21 1,793 148 1 1.426 4 410 52.572 1,677 682 42.301 2.891 7 12,6(7 30 44 45 1 474 2,668 753,465 50 240,872 3.179 41 32,449 1,005 1 822.733 116 97.428 205 2,638 33.8«2 47 48 Sea, Cable and Admiralty. Total 1,574 4,189,494 1,124.085 141.593 162,431 2,819 1.253.199 436.489 135.246 62.618 DOV AXES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Foreign, entered Inwards /rom Sea. et Strangers, venanl de la mer. ANALYSE PAR PAYS. la Ballast— LSges. Foreign. Etrangers. British. Britanniques. C&n&dian. Canadiens. Foreign. . Etrangers. Ves- sels. xlvi- Tons register. Ton- nage gistr§. Freight, Tons weight. Fret, poids ton- Freight. Tons measure- ment. iaugeage ton- Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Navi- Tons register. Tonnage gistrS. Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Tons register. Tonnage gistr*. Crew. Equi- page. Vessels. Nl^-i- Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistr*. Crew. Equi- page. 1 5 7.270 7,070 155 296 7 836.628 26.810 13,574 821 39 25,507 528 95 1 7 161.133 994 19.120 2.927 15 305 1 3 4 9,314 5,993 1.391 5,443 12,335 ■■■2;244 1,200 370 224 125 26 74 2 2.907 60 1 1 193 1.450 5^ ■i 6 7 2 114 1 437 314.177 2.495 87.337 4,248 40 4^138 6 18.^28 218 59 143.077 2.050 S q 37 33,i75 51.279 787 240 103,850 3.364 23 34.596 654 10 11 1? 2 7 6.414 18.309 86 250 n 4 1 9,522 449 144 7 14 IS 1 5,045 96,049 21,054 11,200 6,499 38.529 '6^350 6.594 "4.689 78 2,154 402 16 2 1 6.392 2,793 107 42 18 1 i2i,25S 1,283 8,117 30 17 12 IS 11 2,226 65 It o 7,528 65.351 4^962 121 1,094 f» 18 38 2 114.667 4.171 1,963 66 6 6,141 100 51 114.475 1.931 21 ■^ 9 8,036 4.077 120 4 11 14 1 2,673 28,463 2,357 221 133 387 91 19 ■'4 3 9.416 116 W ?fi 27 •>s 1 4,389 4.600 66 5 16.460 216 36 81,516 1.522 29 30 43 5 118,530 21,652 1,595 316 23 4 64,489 16,679 948 368 31 35 180,653 190,379 10,151 51,895 10.496 343,867 954 109,179 13.809 4,574 1.480 148 645 3' 40 33 4 13 26,363 401 34 19 1 2,349 41 3.1 36 9 1 18.112 2.66S 274 41 4 1 1 103 8,466 1,900 2,256 17,110 169 34 39 3.346 17 38 4 SO 19,734 5.442 1.413 328 3<) Freeport, N.S 7 10 1 201 2.174 53 190 43 4,666 18 M Gasp*, Que 10 5 385 15,316 391 132 1,666.371 19.500 I 275 52,403 62 31 3:> GeorgetoB-n, P.E.I Glace Bay, N.S 453 5 33 34 Halifai, N.S Hantsport, N.S Hillsboro, N.B 481.994 50,117 352 10 3 4 55 10 111.732 3.194 10.657 56 360 87 14,245 2,457 124,971 4.050 12,500 34 24 580 145 20, 128 4,680 49,753 liise 361 4.978 10 43 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 tl 49 50 51 Indian Island, N.B 14 Isaac's Harbour, N.S 2 453 10 92 14 5 9 Ladner, BC 11 I.adysmith, B.C La Have, N.S 360 66 Levis, Que Liverpool, N.S Lockeport, N.S i 73 150 5 90 30 56 45 7 25 3 8.882 1.036 511 24.474 404 3.356 418 12,297 455 968 42,356 54« 5,913 789 1.067 335 Lords Cove, N.B 112 Louisburgh. N.S Lower East Pubnico, N.S. Lunenburgh, N.S 54 1 I 97,081 73 111 167.968 114 200 -1.848 5 6 803 44 148 18 Meteghan Hi%er, N.S.... 4 9 1 350 8,579 626 1.353 1.384.480 18,718 9 '208^373 130 42 26 32,961 9 1,871 424 3.096 46 658 1,545 1.939.209 54 1 56! 59: 60 61 62 63, 64 65; 66 67. 68 69 Montreal, Que 41 81.274 114,640 26.243 1,355 Nanaimo. B.C Newcastle, N.B New Westminster, B.C.. 28 8 1 32.698 12.219 2.349 9.210 24.700 988 212 41 205 2 3 26,331 2.375 8,009 43,486 ' 1^974 475 4,900 1,120 118 2.600 121 North Head, N.B 12 160 2 37 8 8 452 50.912 3,972 10.281 2.826 3,854 SS5 791 63,292 2.193 18.835 '■'4;875 547 siesi 38 North Sydney, N.S Ocean Falls, B.C Parrsboro, N.S 428 12 2 1 4 206.148 23.438 3,093 271 3,443 202.577 9.781 6.150 729 10.236 791 58 6 64 2,834 73 233 66 7,419 "5 Port Alberni.B.C 60 'ort Hiistings, N.S Port Hawkcsbury, N.S.. Port Hood, N.S 3 206 144 15 4 425 83 64 DOCAXES—RAPFORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a entered Outwards /or Sea at eaeh Port and Outport. allant a la mer, entrcs a chaque port et port seeondaire. In Ballast— L^es. Foreign — Etrangers. British— Britanniques. Foreign— Etrangers. Ves- sel. Xa vires. Tods Register. Tonnage gistrf. Freight, Tons Weight. Fret, poids, tonneaux. Freight Tons Mea- ment. jao- geage. ton- neaux. Cre»-. Equi- page. Ves- sels. Tons Regis- ter. Ton- nage gisti*. Crew. Equi- page. Ves- sels. Na- vires Tons Regis- ter. Ton- nage gistr€. Crew Equi- page Ves- sels. Tons Register. Tonnage enre- gistr6. Crew Equi- page. Xo. g 148 IS 147 12.331 .207 Ill 15 163 10 127 15 32 6 28| 339 84 95 . 8,378 709 3 3 87 1.351 463 1 78 23 19 23 14 243 160 5 281 88 6 4,487 S9 •J 4,032 10.014 1,821 6,038 400 1,088 S.'876 12.605 60 241 167 94 90 130 33 23 60 993 596 150 211 8 142 1,099 2.533 69 800 19 5 445 i36 6 12.808 45 886 1.418 141 57 151 23,553 7,913 2.160 1.620 1.027 585 2 87 37 5.706 7 1.530 13 13 2;194 260 .15 1 1,412 16,933 16,106 63 100 73 6 37.030 19,583 35 368 364 14 7 4 157 17 16 34 261 102 240 8 9 442 108 31 34 3 38 6 5 1 1 727 8 34 497 335 81 8 193 39 24 8 10,708 248 3 24 9 1 319 600 6 28 IS 18.071 2.40G 17,000 376 2 26 7 233 237,965 95.474 40,324 6,861 29 114,058 2,510 31 23.281 318 120 273,327 3.786 33 6 1.043 1.153 104 1,817 316 66.234 134 2.015 1,160 104 3,245 185 34.527 266 "3;784 31 195 15 40 10 1.374 15 35 106 3 4 235 41 37 11 1 2 53 3 15 4.505 349 8 360 60 39 132 6 36 82 3 2 2.447 7.977 4,161 788 312 1.632 75 19 40 41 136 23 16,063 854 699 74.403 429 107 21,662 438 2.334 226 138 1,613 lis 27 1 1,398 29 2 1 25 32 18 25 99 11 349 22.146 1.182 1.737 21 2 50 763 313 447 43 69 1,433 59 16 13 271 11 1 364 2,196 456 23,016 712 594 118 286 154 4.705 134 45 46 47 96 24 116.750 446 165 19 40,136 670 48 49 3 411 204 415 10 01 119 261,271 458.884 61,707 4.710 2 2,429 45 6 4 93 8,710 81 4.976 165 19 65? 163 278.191 5,102 54 597 227,380 5,145 12,941 62 438 138,747 96.804 7,856 3.622 1,385 3.055 192.948 714 10,825 "ll,'25i 2.039 4,968 US 267 3 74 3,347 3,165 183 3l 34 189 11.691 1.235 36 11 10 7.704 17 1.239 245,075 61,236 15,420 13 2,841 2 3 153 10 107 59 27,308 759 13 17 1.636 44 1 1 11 168 12 20 112 44 133 36.499 12.989 6.301 25 17 22 5.616 931 492 58 36 60 115 SO 15 1 1,141 1.626 253 80 61 6'> 44 6^ 5 64 5 2 1 2 6 367 4 1,443 447 27 2 43 89 61 2 1 17 9 62 3,265 1,655 5 261 140 66 8 875 147 1,098 38 107 401 24 3,976 526 68 fi» 11a— 2^ a 'sroMs—SHii'i-isc hiu'ort 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo. 0. — Statemknt of Vessels, liritiisli, Caiuuiiiin and Koroigii, N° 6. — Tableau des navires britanniqucs, canadicns et 6trangcrs, Ports and Outports. Ports et ports soton- daires. With Cargoes— Chargfc. British — Britanniqucs. Canadian — Canadiens. No Ves- sels. Na- \'iree. Tons Register. Tonnage enro- gistrfe. Freight, Tons Weight. Fret, poids, tonneaux. Freight, Tons Mea- surc- uient. Fret, jau- geage, ton- neaux. Crew. Equi- page. Ves- sels. Na- Tons Register. Tonnage enre- gistr^. Freight, Tons Weight. Fret, poids, ton- neaux. Freight, Tons Mea- sure- ment. Fret, jau- geage, ton- Crew. Equi- page- 70 Port La Tour, N.S 71 7? 7S Port Wade. N.S 1 14 33 1 8 4 74 6,831 41,235 336 14,701 3,352 70 4,973 1,278 '3! 198 3,976 80 289 751 3 74 7S Powell River, B.C 7 19,248 10,766 200 326 31 1,928 7fi 8 77 124 9 352,473 17,942 273,029 23,608 7,703 7,596 270 214 78 72 T» River Hebert. N.S m 164 7 76 17 5,261 373 33,814 8,845 1,983 42 38,519 2 597 19,421 22,038 S03 81 19 8? 175 650,886 739,266 273.179 15 .'504 675 83 St Martins, N.B 65 84 St. Peters. N.S 85 6 1 1 185 83 18 m Salmon River, N.S 2 142 200 6 87 15 794 5 1.150 2 88 89 Sandy Point. N.S Shediac, N.B. . . 3 252 293 IS 20 in 91 .Shelbume, N.S. . .. 1 73 100 5 S 2 1,245 232 853 113 80 78 I? Sherbrooke. N.S 11 93 <)4 ' 2,613 1,076 39 20 1 4 72 179 4,644 99 400 1,475 78,247 4,959 174 360 1,271 139,063 83 110 S 96 97 Souris, P.E.I 2 SO 86 9 28 217 98 357 7 313,290 17,505 539,013 6.818 5.875 269 2,449 Three Rivera. Que Tusket N S 100 101 102 103 104 Union Bay, B.C Vancouver, B.C Victoria, B.C 43 241 46 176,190 389,015 103,905 70,992 103.833 10,005 85.571 40 3,638 19.172 4,241 11 313 444 6 13 38 64 15 22,001 400,474 478,702 104 1,920 1,399 62,719 1,360 9.732 170,651 31,286 33 77 2,089 99,069 1,770 82,593 34 41444 240 1,220 21,758 19,621 12 Weymouth, N.S 65 106 White Rock, B.C. 144 107 474 108 1 73 114 5 80 Total 2,387 5,576,450 4,610,350 833. 178 158,275 3,03^ 1,632,644 1,111,411 238,091 67,357 DUUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a entered Outwards /or Sea at each Port and Outport — Concluded. allant a la mer, entres a chaque port et port secondaire — Fin. 1 In Ballast— LJges. Foreign — ^Etrangers. Briti sh — Britanniques. Canadian — Canadiens. Foreign — ^Etraagers. Ves- sels. Tons Register. Tonnage eire- gistrfi. Freight, Tons Weight. Fret, poids, tonneaux. Freight. Tons Mea- m^t. Fret, jau- geage, ton- neaux. Crew. Equi- page. Ves- sels. Na- Tons Regis- ter. Ton- nage gistrg. Crew. Equi- page. Vse- sels. Na- Tons Regis- ter. Ton- nage gistr^. Crew. Equi- page Ves- sels. Na- vires. Tons Register. Tonnage enre- gistrfi. Crew. Equi- page. No. 2 62 420 6 1 2 10 1,618 4 35 70 1 184 24 16 10 6,117 3.595 285 209 71 7? 73 78 26,233 2,334 26,854 2,215 300 1,400 1,720 80 6 706 360 21,979 54 2,960 12 974 7,717 44,481 142 3,789 74 8 32 3.157 821 75 76 39 58,889 2,614 577 7,521 5.192 294.429 5,106 726 64 71,921 3.957 1,000 15,315 8,276 157,207 2,660 !!333 54.S64 13,671 1,162 52 8 980 116 8,398 48 95 11 9 1,641 210 12 14.723 357 77 S 78 79 496 184 8 43 1 16,081 29 8,032 12 1,206 13 286 2 308 75 41 24 12 67 5.096 1,841 36,197 1,896 1,897 1,448 638 216 807 264 349 138 80 34 81 . 3M 12 6 13,046 226 82 83 537 130 84 S "I " 2 50 4 8,'i 1 11 4 85 -87 38 2,761 417 449 1,324 752 247 6,211 1,744 945 650 1,189 190 237 3,126 697 15 8 275 12 7 118 1 1 39 224 15 14 65 4.926 1,252 88 2 89 : 90 17 2 104 28 23 i,982 499 91 2 9? 90 26 1,271 349 385 113 93 9 6,396 37 1 4 31 46 4,169 1,079 281 838 16,980 209 22 68 119 1,577 94 9S 2 138 3,021 211,708 1,337 111 92.160 234, 169 215,155 627 296 172 28,465 228,995 41 400! 193 971 350 105,941 130,774 16.401 101 202 43.039 29,595 23,665 761 801 545 14 441 3,775 26 22 993 8.869 9,774 7C 26i 11.342 17 11 21 586 145 27,281 147 38 586 9rt 115 97 158 63 202.353 3,073 98 99 ] I 24 199 381 9 7,032 35,352 486,858 236 1,820 16,566 inn 138 249 333 33 3 65 92 3,291 97,585 217,923 90 4.222 7,485 37 280 869 1 4,253 273,153 746,879 19 467 3,312 29,491 2 101 102 103 104 2 105 7 27 421 55 6 147 24 106 35 107 180 57 4,110 721 30 2,020 508 108 4,562 2,700,906 2,360,627 323,067 82,864 391 708,757 20,723 3,178 760,894 40,278 4,226 1,854,729 71,682 22 CVSTOMti—SIIII'l'IXd KEPOHT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 7. — Statement of Vessels, Britioli, Caiiadiaii — Tableau des navircs britanniques, canadiens et ABSTR.\CT BY COUNTRIES— Countries to which Departed. Pays d'ou il \ncnnent. With Cargoee— Chargfe. British— Britanniques. Canadian— Canadiens. Ves- sels. nI- Wros Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistrfe. Freight. Tons weight. Fret. poids. tonnoaux. Freight Tons mea- sure- ment. Fret, jau- geage, ton- neaux. Crew. Equi- page. Ves- sels. nI- \ires. Tons register. Tonnage enrc- gistrt. Freight Tons weight. Fret, poids, ton- neaux. Freight, Tons mea- sure- ment. Fret, jau- gcage. ton- neaui. Crew. Equi- page. 1 810 41 3 19 27 4 13 2,807.592 191.896 4.464 72.45S 74.251 864 46.071 3.102,701 64,478 892 92,954 99,650 985 28,397 615,012 67,881 41.056 571 2.123 63,146 5.605 164 946 2.734 27 1,328 107 5 140,282 14.289 176,796 11,571 61.119 8.725 ■> 3 Bermuda British South Africa 4 5 6 42 3 799 5.127 25.887 7,487 1,500 8,314 32,204 2,792 961 13.283 948 15 6 8 British West Indies British Oceania British Straits Settle- 558 lis q 18 743 4 1 37 1 56.7IS 218.124 11,619 12.380 2,900 146.915 2.249 113,979 174,499 9, MO 20,019 1.185 3.760 5.295 721 12,768 168 233 62 3,109 55 in 445 158,502 227, 162 1.666 6,780 II New Zealand r 3 5 10,647 1,573 9,501 2.244 2.941 619 n Azores and Madeira Belgium 38 14 228,622 1,587 9.487 4 3 4,088 1,022 1.398 1.765 751 16 17 Chili IS China Cuba 15 2 86,431 3,794 26,590 1,700 23.464 1,609 57 34 33 186,855 28,518 113.853 36.904 66.657 9.081 10,382 ?n 21 France French Africa 67 1 201,326 799 292,240 23.886 1.823 4,244 15 17 29,750 45,237 16.201 496 11 1,118 1,365 2.357 46 ■'4 Germany 1 9 1 2,704 25,592 88 6,260 44,540 43 363 12 ■"i Greenland. Iceland, etc.. Havti ■?8 Holland 11 8 7 38,303 26,618 21,936 48,688 51,485 18,822 467 6.297 854 373 S16 ?<) Italy Japan 30 SI 5 18,799 7,«41 31.603 1,339 3? Noiwav Peru Porto Ki™ 2 3 . 4.343 8.844 222 9,235 794 300 74 135 12 33 34 3S 31 3,139 5,023 191 36 Roumania 4 9.412 8,540 9.107 149 3 52 11,859 5,460 3.819 7.806 881 824 41 3.306 5,948 132 199 285 31 51 6,007 1,500 1,177 302 2 17,945 1,453 722 6.810 2,088 '\,m 4 139 27 420 5 14 1,453.449 18,423 16.352 136.633 18.055 717 17.655 3.977 55,935 265 1,177 1,922 957,293 405,618 46.777 38,492 Uruguay Sea. Cable and Admir- 47 Total 2,387 5.576,450 4.610,350 833,178 158,275 3,033 1,632,M4 1,111,411 338.091 67,357 DOl'AXES— RAPPORT DE LA KAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Foreign, entered Outwards for Sea . etrangers, allant a la mer entres dans les ports du Canada. RELEV6 PAR PAYS. In Ballast— Liges. Foreign — Etrangers. British — ^^Britanniques. Canadian— Canadiens . Foreign— Etrangers. Ves- sels. Na- 1-ires. Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistrfi. Freight, Tons weight. Fret. poids, tonneaus. Freight Tons sure- ment. Fret, jau- geage, ton- Crew. E^i- page. Ves- sels. Na- \-ires Tons regis- ter. Ton- nage enre- gistr4. Crew. Equi- page. Ves- sels. Tons regis- ter. Ton- nage enre- gistr^. Crew. Equi- page. Ves- sels. Na- vires. Tons register. Tonnage enre- gistrS. Crew. Equi- page. No. 314 5 407,026 4,065 447,616 7,055 147.848 7,131 8,110 56 9 56.175 4,921 1,727 203 2 152 22 14 27.072 375 1 3 - 17,464 11,542 7,290 196 12 10,490 14,000 703 287 1 1,452 31 1 1,367 36 6 1 2,613 39 7 J 2,232 73,739 52,052 1,156 122,186 65,130 714 281 30 1,028 1,380 S 30 63 58 157,436 2,571 41 29,766 668 ■17 7,398 282 10 10,287 340 26,223 3,638 4,128 600 45,200 1,565 8,700 ' visii 115 412 58 1 1? 10 2 15 16 4 4,415 24,384 5.689 6,679 190.377 1,433 982 17.337 3,150 13.947 298,052 150 581 521 45,794 107 499 115 149 3.979 28 1 5 1 2,676 33,516 2,756 44 • 661 24 17 8 7 19 119,361 8,068 10 1 47,536 509 958 8 18 19 6 'fl 102 1 105 12 16 5,113 390 '1 1 ?' 1 1.896 77,685 3.000 161,047 ,■ '"gis 33 1.115 '■I 33 ?'i 2 359 24 59 1 156 18 46 101.391 56,536 80,310 184,648 100,395 40,370 "i,'767 7,244 751 813 1.440 1 4,154 ")H 18 17 36 1 103.810 166.416 8 2,899 1,339 12 30 1 2.492 40 4 5,566 99 18 33,263 52,674 396 492 1 2.948 37 33 ,2 486 11,373 5,115 11,636 1,209 2,514 i2 201 78 1.152 3 240 27 6 15,108 2,991 14,382 55 6 896 34 5 6 1,837 1,029 8,279 73.427 133 186 20,030 493 3 26.570 3,765 12,515 560 451 7,147 71 109 11,728 2,255 1,672 58,516 13.352 40 2 3,248 4.760 1,434.612 2,029 5,698 3,597 6,200 705,344 1,900 8i,694 53 67 52,262 43 578 2 44 3,268 1 201 426,312 12,975 1,429 544,832 i7,949 2,257 1.411,461 44,878 45 46 13 2 1,030 88 2 92 25 3 705 105 47 4,562 2,700,906 2,360,627 323,067 82,864 391 708,757 20,723 3,178 760,894 40,278 4,226 1,854,729 71.682 24 cLsroMS—siiirrixa repoht 11 GEORGE V, A. 192 No. 7. — Statemknt of Vessels, British, Cnnailisin and X° 7. — Tableau des navircs britannitjues, ranadicns ft RECAPIT L' LATIO N— Vessels. NaWres. Tons register. Tonnage enrcgistr6. Freight. Tons weight. Fr«t. poids, tonneaux. Freight, Tons measure- ment. Fret, jaugeage. tonneaux. Crow. Equipage. With Careoes— Charges- 2.387 3.033 4.562 S.376.4S0 1.632,644 2.700.906 4. 610. 350 1.111.411 2,360.627 833.178 238.091 323.067 67 357 9.982 9,910,000 8.082.388 1,394.336 DOr AXES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a Foreign, entered Outwards for Sea — Concluded. strangers allanl a la mer, entres dans les ports dir" Canada — Fin. RECAPITULATION. — Vessels. Navires. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrfe. Freight, Tons Weight. Fret, poids, tonneaux. Freight, Tons Measure- ment. Fret, jaugeage, tonneaux. Crew. Equipage. In Ballast— L*ges— 391 3.178 4,226 708.757 760.894 . 1,854,729 •'0 723 Total 7,795 3.324,380 132, 683 17,777 13,234,380 8,082,388 1,394,336 CUSTOMS— snipi'isa lun'ORr < -r- U > -z if ? o 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 -^,1 I i '-.•£Z\ - — O tor- « «o ?s I'i 5 3" OS IOCS c- w i-^» e iS£, I ItI sli Hill 11 g i illl sJ 2| s|=3:§i If g i||= DOVAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIO.W SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a 0:^00-4 0 00 —tec ifi^' Is i^--z ZZ gZ' 3=0 £Zi •e^z, ^|-s2z|=_-|-2§ X;"^ SooZ'^.ffladtaW ~5-iZ^-g=-5:uif!o "=.sJ_-?Si .-jriz z5« z4.-2g«-Z>2.-ZZ_^: xS.as-izi lz^.z ? = a.;=/ X X X X X X h DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a S I E L-h^ui'im. 1 1 Q III h 1 r- I ij is oooo S 1 £ i'l •3 ill E- i i'l ^.^. s 1 2 |l| s > ^ 1 §1 is" 'so-* i i 111 1 ^ !3> li |l 1 < 1 > < 111 . i lis 111 2§ « •i I'l 1 H IB ii § I.I 1 ^ II s 1 > H 1 s 1 111 2 2 si s 1 E 1 1 30 ccsTOMs—sini'i'iNa liEi-our 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ^ •-«; lii 3 ■s i c5 H s"ii i_ a .2 — r* is I!!- T z^ — « " 00«^» 1 o» 1 oaw*c 1 r~ 1 i 6 II gl2 i Soito « ill ill 1 1 ■Sgg ''Il oo « 1^1 ^IJ «^_^_ S i*.acift •= J' OMfO f-^ |l 11 C4 to« t-oar^ t-_ 3 s > Z*- '^ "W^ i 'II r-'oo"o' «© o » a oasj-^r M ecocs OSTf Cl i lii fe|| tTMM^ o" » c fc ^ 3 -O o H « 1 E . ^ iSS r- I'll it Ill S|g »"* gi ^ s" lO — w' o § != rt ^1 to'Mre o > |i ggg 1 sg : . . 3 0^ M .£ *<£ III o ,2 5 iw o 1 z lis asOu. DOrAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a a -2 i ll 11 11 11 st "Si IIP ^$ 1 = 3 = 1 j'l ■=".» li ll iiii ■so > -3 1 z ill s > 1 ill » i 1 II IJ I e 1 32 CL,STO.\fS~i;i{iPl'J\G REI'OUT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TRADE WITH EACH COUNTRY AND No. 12. — iStatement of the Xuiiibcr and Tonnage of Stpani and .SailiiiK Vcs.scl.s i-nlfrcd Inwanls distinguishing the Nationality of the COMMERCE .WEC CHAQCE PAYS N° 12. — Relev£ An nombre et du tonnage des navires k voiles et h vapeur tenant de la mer distinguant la nationalitc drs navires Ports and Outports and -Countries whence arrived. Ports et ports secondaires et pays de depart. British. Britannique. United States. Amfericaine. Norwegian. Norv6gienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregiatr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- seU. Xa\-i- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregisti^. Alert Bay. B.C.— United States (o) 1 91 103 8,570 Annapolis Royal, N.S.— United .States (o) 1 7 217 515 United States (6) 7 1.003 8 732 7 1,003 Arichat. X.S.— United States C6) 1 81 99 1.632 2 2 113 128 Sea Fisheries (6) Total 82 1,731 47 69 172 188 4 241 Baddeck. N.S.— Newfoundland (a) 1 3 3 11 New^foundland ,,.... (6) United States (6) 6 4 420 337 Sea Fisheries (6) Total 18 476 10 757 Barrington Passage, X.S.— ie 2 109 712 United States (6) 2 8 154 183 Sea Fisheries (oj Sea Fisheries. . : (5) 7 993 Total 10 337 25 1,814 Bathurst. X.B.— 1 1 1 1,976 1,848 1,774 French .\f rica (a) Italy (a) United States (6) 1 1,235 Total 3 5.598 1 1,235 Bear River. X.S.— United States (6) 2 190 Bridgetown, N.S.— 2 264 Bridgewater, N.S.— 1 2 100 268 United States (t) 7 1,867 2 2,501 Total 3 368 7 1,867 2 2,501 Britannia Beach, B.C.— 153 55.429 41 10,475 Butedale. B.C.— United States (o) 3 57 22 862 81 80 2,227 2,129 Total 60 884 161 4,356 ' (o) Steam— .4 vapeur. (b) Sail— A voiles. DOU AXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a 33 NATIOX.\LITY OF \'ESSELS from Sea at each of the undermentioned Ports and Outpoits in Canada from Foreign Countries, Vessels employed in the trade with each Country. ET XATIOX.^LITE DES ^■A^^RES. entrc's a chacun des ports et ports secondaues, suus-uieuiiomics au Canada, de pays etrangers, employes au commerce avec chaque pays. Danish. Danoise. French. Francaise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Xationalities. Autres nationality. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Xavi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Nari- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis. ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage r^isti*. N&mea. Nonas. Ves- seU. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registrt. Ves- sels. Navi Tons RfigU- ter. -Tonnag registrt. 104 8 661 1 14 1,518 15 3 S3 212 86 1 3 9 15 28 1 233 Spanish 1 135 1 16 4 8 7 109 866 183 1 135 36 2 286 1 1 1 1 1,976 1,848 1,774 1,235 4 6,833 2 190 2 264 1 11 l6o 4 636 12 4,736 194 65,904 n37 2 249 . 221 5,240 11a— 3 CUSTOMS—SHIPPING REPOUT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 12. — State.ment of tlic Xuinbcr and ToiuiaRC of iSloani N° 12. — RELEvfi du nombrc ct du tonnage dcs navires Ports and Outports and CountrieSAv-lience arrived. Ports et ports secondair^s ct pays de depart. British. Britannique. United States. Ani^ricaine. Norwegian. Norvfegienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. B^ge. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons. Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons. Regi.ster. Tonnage enrcgistr*. Ves- seU. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Campbcllton, N.B.— 1 1 1 4,460 799 2,984 2,471 1 748 Kranoe (6) 1 1,203 Italy (o) 1 1 2,253 54 St. Pierre (6) 7 13,021 1 1,203 1 748 CampoBello, N.B.— 153 23,094 303 7,725 Canso. N.S.— 1 2 170 186 British W. Indies lb) 1 715 4 I 2 46 24 323 77 268 8,460 1,283 2 14 10 55 13 163 990 1.211 2,804 899 Total . 80 10,767 94 6,067 1 715 Caraquet, N.B.— 145 2.126 Charlottctown, P.E.I.— British W. Indies (6) 3 1 9 1 2 549 1.182 558 446 49 1 579 Total 16 2,784 1 579 Chatham, N.B.— 9 14,740 1 1,131 1 1 1 2,443 1,968 452 Spain (6) Total - 12 19,603 1 1,131 Chemainus, B.C. — 11 9 446 1,363 48 1.532 United States (d) Total . 20 1,809 48 1,532 Chester, N.S.— 1 7 15 184 Total 15 184 1 7 Cheticamp, N.S.— 1 100 Church Point, N.S.— 1 123 Clarks Harbour, N.S.— 30 675 • 2 8 96 139 Total. . 10 235 30 675 (a) Steam— A vapeur. (6) Sail — A voiles. DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards /ro/zi Sea, etc. — Continued. &. voiles et k vapeur, venant de la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Francaise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other .\ationaiities. Autre.s nationality^. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registrfe. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 3 5.208 799 2,984 2,471 1,203 " 2,253 54 9 14.972 456 30,819 1 2 1 6 15 12 102 37 170 186 715 486 1.067 1.479 1 168 11.432 2,182 1 168 176| 17.717 145 2.126 4 1 9 1 2 1,128 1,182 446 49 17 3,363 1 928 207 11 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2,443 1,968 Swedish . . 1 1,669 1.669 4 797 6 1,932 1 1,669 20 24,335 59 9 68 3.341 1 15 16 1 1 123 30 2 8 40 11a— 3i crsTOMSSiiiPPrxG report 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 12. — .St.\tement of the Xumbcr and Tonnage of Steam N" 12. — Relev£ du nombre et du tonnage dcs navires Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Ports et ports secondaires el pays de depart- British. Britannique. United States. Amiricaine. Norvcgian. Norv6gienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Bdie. Vos. sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrt. Ves sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves. sets. N'l^i- Tons. Register. Tonnage enregistrt. Ves sels. Xavi- Tons. Register. Tonnage enregistr6. Ves. sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enrcgistr*. Clementeport, N.S.— United SUtes (i>) 6 594 Dalliousic, N.B.— I 799 1 2 1.070 2,816 I'nited States (6) • 1 2,323 Total 2 3.122 3 3,886 Digby. N.S.- I'nited State.s (o) 2 6 920 2,233 1 331 , Total 8 3.153 1 331 Dorchester, N.B.— 1 319 Freeport. N.S.— United States. (o) 10 365 Gasp*, Que.- 4 2 6,570 186 1 495 1 1 1.024 2,547 1 284 Spain (o) Spain (i) 1 1.846 i 195 13 3 16,955 208 1 99 8 7.139 18 19.304 3 3,766 GeorgetoB-n, P.E.I.— 1 2 420 294 26 10 740 Glace Bay, N.S.— 2 21 1 4 70 531 40 92 " 28 733 HaliJai, N.S.- 174 6 32 22 89 28 1 702,203 2,342 82,433 3,885 49,133 2,664 3,325 26 2 66,362 1,956 4 6,198 7 5,138 British W. Indies (6) 1 3 1 3 1 5 276 1,340 75 8,338 449 6,663 6 6,753 Belgium (o) Cuba (o) 4 1 ■ 8 3 5,691 111 36,729 2,378 7 2 19,784 1,849 3 7.776 1 1,899 Germany (6) Holland {«) 1 1 1,624 2.727 3 1 7,310 2,543 Italy (0) Norway (o/ 6 6 13,993 12.354 28 2 75,720 4.615 I 1 1 1,511 2,174 671 Portugal (0) Portugal (6) (o) Steam— A vapeur. (fc) Sail— A voiles. DOUAXES—RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a ami Sailing Vessels entered /roHi Sea, etc. — Continued. a voiles et k vapeur, venant d la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Frangaise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres national it^.s. Total. Total. Ves. sels. Navi- Tons Regis ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. Navi- Tons Regis, ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. Navi- Tons Regis, ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. Navi- Tons Regis. ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. NaVi- Tons Regis. ter. Tonnage en- registr^. Names. Noms. Ves. sels. Na;-i- Tons Regis, ter. Tonnage en- registrfe. Ves. sels. Navi- Tons Regis, ter. Tonnage registry. 6 , 391 4 1 2 260 1 211 3 602 « 3 9 3,484 1 10 365 4 3 1 1 I 1 1 13 4 t 284 195 29 7 1 2 420 26 10 2 21 1 4 70 40 92 28 733 ' 1,116 Grecian .... 2 4,218 207 9 39 23 loi 29 4 1 9 1 1 23 780,097 1 171 4,469 87,571 4,161 3 3,294 . . 60,520 HI t) 2,383 - . / Grecian Brazilian . . . 1 1 3,172 3,490 1 66l ' 6 1 6 3 6 70 4 1 1 1,968 Dutch 2 9,204 i 3,905 13.993 2 4,664 20 54,387 Grecian Grecian 13 1 29,387 2,746 9,535 671 38 CUSTOMS— SHII'I'ISG REPORT 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 No. 12. — 8T.VTEMEXT of thc Number and Tonnage of Steam N° 12. — Relev^ du nombre et du tonnage dcs navires Ports and Outporta and Countries whence arrived. Porta et porta sccondaires et pays de depart. British. Britannique. United States. Am^ricaine. Norwegian. Noi^-6gienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Novi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. N7vi res Tons , Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrf. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Halifax. N.S.— Con. .la) .(«) (a) .(b) .(a) (l>) (") (i>) (a) .(«) (a) (•) (o) (0) (6) («) .(o) (6) 1 2.256 3 1 6,078 428 1 1,639 Spain 1 2,772 1 2.S27 113 17 12 6 1 2 36 25 300.280 4.504 15.020 1.045 37,000 2.688 833 3,836 1,831 35 32 9 4 64,307 12,497 2,115 5,567 12 2 15.924 1.981 New Zealand Sea Fisheries 33 10 20 2,208 837 106,108 Total 622 1,349,123 204 322,157 47 72,644 1 1,899 Hant*port. N.S.— 1 13 888 18,651 4 6,657 Total 14 19.539 4 6.657 (6) ( (a) (0) (6) (a) (l» (M («) (o) (6) (6) (6> l6) (6) (6) -(«) (M (o) Hillsboro. N.B.- 5 4,605 3 524 Indian Island. N.B.— 9 83 107 1.177 Isaacs Harbour. N.S.— 1 3 1 2 1 74 257 376 35 134 1 71 ^ Total 1 71 8 876 foggins Mines, N.S.— 9 1.123 Ladner. B.C.— 7 310 2 IS Ladysmith. B.C - 82 98 11.416 22,214 99 81 38.726 26.514 180 33.630 180 65.240 La Have. N.S.— 1 24 1 1 1 2 446 4.284 365 373 7S Portugal Spain 5 331 1 3 52 463 116 221 4,628 '^ ViiKin Islands of U.S.A.. 3 349 88 11,732 8 680 Levis, Que.-— 2 7,005 (a) Steam — A vapeur. (6) Sail — A voiles. DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing \'essels entered Inwards /rom Sea, etc- A voiles et a vapeur, venant de la mer, etc. — Suite. Continued. Danish. Danoise. French. Frant^ise. German. .\ilemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves. seU. Navi- Tons RegU. ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. N-avi- Tons Regis, ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. Navi. Tons Regis, ter. Tonnage registr*. Ves sels. Navi- Tons Regis. ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. Navi- Tons Regis ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves. sels. Xavi- Tons Regis, ter. Tonnage registry. Vea. sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis, ter. Tonnage registry. 1 17 5 2 2 15 174 51 26 S 6 1 2 75 35 20 2.256 17 3,350 3,550 1 2,883 10,600 1 193 621 5,299 12 2,019 2,19« 1 128 J Swedish.... BiazUian . . . Dutch Grecian 2 1 1 1 1,141 3,523 2,324 2,079 3,318 2 4 6,924 397,557 I 18,982 S 5,580 22.715 6.612 37,000 2.68S 833 3 315 3 590 6.949 2.668 26 1S.265 30 17,760 1 1,968 22 61,175 2 792 25 61.284 980 1.904,067 1 17 888 25,308 18 26,196 8 5,129 116 1,260 1 3 2 2 1 74 257 447 35 134 9 947 9 1,123 9 325 181 179 50,142 48,728 360 98,870 1 24 1 1 1 2 5 5 f 52 446 4,284 373 77 759 331 463 570 96 2 7,005 40 Cl'STOMSSHU'l'IXa IlEPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 12. — Statement of the XuinbiT and Tonnage of iStoain X° 12. — Relev£ dii noinbre et du tonnage dcs navires Ports and Outport* and Countries whence arrived. Ports et ports seoondairos et pays de depart. British. United States. Britannique. .\ni6ricaine. 1 Norwegian. 1 Austrian. Norvfgienne. 1 .\utrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistri. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrt. Ves. seU. xTvi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Liverpool, N.S.— 1 1 71 75 2 I 2 1 40 182 466 129 50 2,081 Spain (i) United States («) 51 11 70 6 3.319 2,066 4,001 532 United States (I) Sea Fisheries («) Sea Fisheries . (6) Total 46 2,908 140 10.064 Lockeport. N.S.— United States (l) 12 11 140 693 Sea Fisheries (6) 24 812 Total 24 812 23 833 Lord's Cove. N.B.— United States (o) 176 1,393 94 1.131 Louisburg, N.S. — 14 42 14 2 3 48,053 33,201 969 6.737 7,376 1 6 1.654 Newfoundland (o) 541 Belgium (a) France (•) 4 10.611 3 705 HoUand (o) 1 4 4,688 12.487 Italy (a) 1 1 2.265 1.327 St. Pierre I....(a) St. Pierre (6) 8 70O 1 75 Spain (s) United States (a) 21 1 6 2 1 36.149 72 18.628 11.787 3,155 3 5 1,811 438 Gibraltar (b) New Zealand («) British South Africa (a) 2 9 382 723 Sea Fisheries (6) 66 2.577 Total 130 185.107 85 7,801 6 14,203 Lower East Pubnico, N.S.— United States («) 10 14 53 504 564 23 10 6 615 611 356 Sea Fisheries (i) Total - 26 1.121 39 1,582 Lunenburg. X.S. — 55 1 2 8 1 37 214 7.103 98 505 856 350 1.497 20.607 United States (6) 2 174 French West Indies (6) 26 1,817 Total 318 31.016 28 1.991 Magdalen Islands, Que.— 1 71 ' Mahone Bay, X.S.— 3 2 ID 483 199 781 Total. . . 15 1.463 (fl) Steam — A vapeur. (b) Sail — A voiles. DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, clc. — Continued. a voiles et a vapeur, venant de la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Franpaise. German, -illemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. \^es- sels, Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves- seU. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- regislr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 1 3 53 12 111 6 71 257 466 3,448 2,116 . ... 1 163 6,245 ■ 532 1 163 187 13,135 ■ , ' 12 35 140 1,505 47 1,645 270 2,524 1 2,362 Dutch Dutch 1 1 1,590 1,246 17 44 20 2 9 3 6 11 1 1 9 7 2 1 4 3 75 53.659 1 237 34,684 1,510 6,737 Brazilian.... 2 6,191 24,178 705 Dutch 5 li,693 16,381 6 15,933 30,685 1,327 1 90 90 775 2 5,798 Dutch (Dutch lGr.ecian.... 3 3 1,353 10,308 8,024 7,151 1 1,350 57,642 510 1 2,264 20,892 11,787 3,155 4 11,581 11,581 1 86 468 3,300 1 1,350 3 2,538 13 35,576 1 237 17 40,405 256 287.217 25 20 . 20 668 1,115 920 65 2,703 55 1 10 1 63 214 7,103 98 505 1,030 350 3,314 20,607 346 33,007 1 71 3 2 10 483 199 781 15 1,463 cvsTOMS—sin prise, report 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 12. — Statement of the number and Tonnage of Strani N° 12. — Relev£ du nombre et du tonnage des navires Porta and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Ports et ports seoondaires ct pays de depart. British. Britannique. United States. Am^ricaine. Norwegian. Norv^ienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regiater. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrt. Ves- sels. nI^i. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Vcs- seU. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrt. Ves- seU. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Moncton. N.B.— Great Britain (o) .(6) (6) .(!>) (6) (a) (o) (a) (<■) (a) .SI .(«) (o) .(■>) .(a) .(«) .(o) .(0) («) 1 3 1 3.230 1«5 226 British W. Indies United States 1 44 Total 5 3.621 1 44 Montague Bridge. P.E.I.— 3 227 Montreal. Que — Great Britain. 265 3 10 9 11 3 3 20 1.127,716 7.614 39.197 13,252 32.269 4.172 12.480 59.302 * 4 8,255 Cuba France 1 2,S56 Heiioo 19 80.892 Holland Italy 1 2 3,458 6.068 1 3.070 2 1 1 28 10 2 1 6.504 3.549 1.998 76.564 6.05! 28.074 6,414 1.045 4,604 Gibraltar Spain United States 1 212 1 2,204 Hayti Total 373 1,430.805 20 81,104 9 22.541 1 3.070 (6) • Co) (o) Murray Harbour. P.E.I.- 4 80 Nanaimo, B.C.— United States 116 33 11.737 5.354 4,908 12 447 280 76,586 89.472 1 2.232 3 68 ■ 151 22.011 730 166.126 1 2,232 (a) .(<■) (0) (o) (t) Newcastle, N.B.— 5 I 1 1 8.244 1.526 1.295 1.151 4 4.955 Italy Portiipil Total 8 12.216 4 4,955 (<■) (<■) (6) New Westminster B.C.— 4 231 2 428 North East Haibour, N.S.— 1 2 44 438 1 1 13 33 Total 2 46 3 482 .(«) North Head. N.B.— 159 25.633 50 859 (a) Steam— A vapeur. (6) Sail — A voiles. DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards /coh; Sea, etc. — Conlinued. k voiles et a vapeur, venant de la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Franca ise. German. .\llemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- .sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons RegU- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 1 3 1 1 3,230 165 226 44 6 3,665 3 227 2 4.658 Brazilian. . Grecian Roumanian. 2 1 5.700 5,822 1.900 1- 3 10 9 29 22 3 28 2 9 1 1 36 2 ) " 2 1 2 1 1,1.14.051 i 7,614 39,197 13,252 10 36,999 . -i [Brazilian Grecian Swedish... 5 1 J 1 14,664 1,934 2,254 90,676 \ 85,064 12,480 1 2,667 4 12.,'i53 Brazilian.... 1 2,182 83,232 6,068 Grecian ' 18,249 24,753 3,549 1,998 2 4,753 2 5,443 3 6,963 Grecian 1 2,090 95,813 6,051 ';■ ;;;/ Grecian Dutch } 1 2,780 3,635 36,905 I 6,414 1,045 4,604 Roumanian. 1 1,900 1,900 2 4.753 15 49,767 7 19,516 24 63,110 451 1,674,666 4 80 Japanese — ■ 1 4,454 565 313 4 95,009 94,826 4,908 80 1 4,454 883 194,823 9 1 1 5 13,199 1,526 1,295 1,151 5 928 928 5 928 17 18,099 6 659 1 2 1 1 44 438 13 33 5 528 209 26,492 Ci'STOM.S—Sm f'I'JXG REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 12. — Statement showing the Xumbcr and Tonnagp of Steam X° 12. — R£LEv£ du norabrc et du toaaago des navires Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived Ports et ports sccondaires et pays de depart. British. Britanniquc. United States. Am^ricaine. Nor\-£gienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Navi. res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistrt. Ves- sels. Navi res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistri. Ves- sels. Navi. res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistif. Vcs .sels. Navi. res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistr^. Vcs. sels. Navi. Tons register. Tonnage enregistri. North Sydney, N.S.— Great Britain (o) 24 68.842 3 4,770 4 1 5,736 926 British W. Indies (o) 2 345 362 6 1 2 2.907 158.060 26.521 15.276 397 4,698 Newfoundland (a) 4 1 1 1 4.264 81 1,604 484 6 15,678 Ncw(oimdland (6) France (a) 3 C,574 Franco (i) Italy (a) 2 3,098 Saint Pierre (a) 1 235 Saint Pierre (6) 55 1 1 2 3 1 4.433 2,194 190 6,343 271 2.912 Spain (a) Spain (6) United States (a) 9 3 12.492 267 I 3,172 United SUtes (t) 1 2 3,541 358 10 20 ' 1.725 1.240 Sea Fisheries (4) 17 970 Total 822 294.014 S3 27.162 20 39,083 Ocean Falls, B.C.— United States (a) 41 65,048 91 111.714 Parrsboro, N.S. — Great Britain (a) 1 4 2 10 594 1,849 434 2.647 Great Britain (6) is • 27 5.958 3,842 United States ft) 1 1,166 Total 17 5,524 45 9,800 1 1,166 Paspebiac, Que. — 1 1.141 Pictou, N.S.— 1 1 3 363 1,023 974 Belgium (6) 1 1 1 634 487 119 France (6) 1 89 Greenland, Iceland .etc (6) Total 6 2.449 3 1.240 Port Alberni, B.C.— 5 697 3 172 Port Hastings, N.S.— 1 187 Port Hawkesbury, N.S.— 1 3 1 12 458 694 60 850 British W. Indies (6) 8 5 3 2 585 477 523 164 21 7 3.178 593 Sea Fisheries (6) 45 5.833 18 1,749 Port Hood, N.S.— Sea Fisheries (6) 2 147 Port La Tour, N.S.— Sea Fisheries (6) 1 66 =^^=^ {a) Steam— A vapeur. (6) Sail— voiles. DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. ' a voiles et h, vapeur, venant de la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Francaise. German. .\llemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi. res. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registr*. Ves- sels. Navi. res. Tons regis-, ter. Tonnage registry. 1 3,182 Grecian ■ 3 7,576 35 I 2 3.i6 364 -10 3 2 2 75 56 1 1 13 6 3 5 79 42 89„106 926 Dutch Dutch 1 1 8 99 178,010 23,454 1,009 1 128 3,098 13,390 4,693 74 1 13,155 260 1 3,436 25,443 Grecian Dutch 1 3 2,29i 500 8,744 69 11,938 594 13,663 ■2,804 152 31,693 9 10,474 1,056 402,426 132 176,762 1 4 20 38 6,392 7,655 63 16,490 1 1 1 3 1 3 1,023 3 464 3 464 12 8 1 1 3 1 12 8 5 24 9 • 3,701 63 7,582 2 1 66 46 CUSTOMS— sHwrixc; report 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo. 12. — Statement of the iiuiiibcr uiid Tonnage of Steam N° 12. — Releve du nombre ct du tonnage des navires Ports and Outports an) .(a) 1 65 2 230 Toul 2 230 1 65 .(«) .«>) .(«) .(«; Port Simpson, B.C.— 10 3.595 Port Wade. N.S.— United States 1 20 Powell River, B.C.— 3 8 9,047 5,933 United States 88 33.247 ... Total U 13,000 88 33.247 .SI Prince Rupert. B.C.— 69 61,058 no 5 874 22.459 669 15.023 664 10,090 ToUl 733 71,148 989 38,151 .») .(a) .(0) Quebec, Que — 131 1 16 8 1 2 695,732 330 2.689 628 6,442 4,621 3 3.152 British W. Indies 3 1,485 Belgium 4 S.966 Holland Italy 2 S.342 1 1,954 Portugal Gibraltar I 6 1 2.001 16.344 2.495 Malta Total 169 736.824 3 1.485 S 13.072 ■ (b) ■ ») Richibucto. N'.B.- 1 325 1 325 .(6) .(6) Rimouski, Que.— 13 21.2U 1 1 997 1.079 Total 13 21.294 2 2.076 .(*) ••*! River Hebert, X.S.— 1 577 St. Andrews, N.B.— 362 21,852 802 2 12.170 295 Total. . 362 21,852 804 12.465 M St. George, N.B.— 1 9 4 59 53 55 1.681 5.276 Total 108 6,957 (a) Steam— A vapeur. (6) Sail — A voiles. DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards /cojn Sea, etc. — Continued. a voiles et d vapeur, vetmnt de la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Francaise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalitfes. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Tons Ves- Regis- sels. ter. Navi- Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis. ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Tons Ves- Regis- sels. ter. Navi- Tonnage res. en- registrfe. 3 10 3,595 1 3 96 9,047 99 48,247 179 5 1,538 83,517 25,113 1,722 109,299 134 4 16 8 1 12 1 2 1 1 8 1 700,884 1,815 2,689 6,442 29,970 5 1 17,071 1,883 Brazilian . . . 1 2,312 5,342 2,001 20.716 2,495 Grecian 2 4,172 6 18,954 3 6,484 189 776,819 1 2 2 501 2 601 3 13 4 1 21,294 3 538 1,079 3 538 18 23,908 1 1,164 2 34,022 ■ 1,166 34,317 54 64 5,335 118 7,020 CUSTOMS— SllfPPIXa REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo. 12. — Statement of tlie Xumbcr and Tonnage of Steam N" 12. — Relev£ du nombre et du tonnage dcs navires Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Ports et ports secondaires et paj-s de depart. British. Britannique. United States. Am6ricaine. Norwegian. Austrian. Xor\-«gienne. i Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Navi res. Tons Register Tonnage enregistrd Ves- sels. Navi res. Tons Register Tonnage enregistr^ Ves sels. Navi res. Tons Register Tonnage enregistr* Ves- sels. Navi res. 1 Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^ Ve». sels. res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. St.John, N.B.- Great Britain (o 11! 21 6 2 10 495,4.S4 29: 72,478 l,79j 2,57« 46,7oe 1 1,2511 Great Bntain (6 British W. Indies (a British W. Indies (6 4 1 1,836 1,621 BritUh South .Urica (o) British South Africa (6 1 8 S 452 13,316 14,778 Cuba (a 4 9,950 1 657 2 8,036 Gibraltar (a) 24 4 66,010 10,896 Italy (a) 1 1 2.266 2,756 Portugal (a) 1 2,288 Greece (a) Spain (a) 1 2.389 2 151 117 9 2 1,754 194,015 15,444 10,208 SS9 United States (a) 37 49 45,782 3,869 3 I 4,37! 1,062 1 3,203 United States (6) I 410 1 5 46 162 Sea Fisheries (4) Total 299 779,732 292 243,753 8 12.377 1 3.203 St. Martins, N.B.— 23 11 1,817 4,676 United States (6) 19 8,S42 Total 19 8.542 34 6.493 St. Peters, N.S.— Newfoundland. ! (fr) United States CW 2 339 2 17 250 2,696 I 17 Total . 3 356 19 2.946 St. Stephen, N.B.— United States (a) United States (6) 6 206 66 5 760 1,072 Total 6 206 71 1,832 Salmon River, N.S.— United States (i) Sea Fisheries g>) 1 1 71 U 1 5 2 82 1 5 Sandy Point. N.S.— British W. Indies (6) Newfoundland (6) United SUtee (b) Sea Fisheries (6) 4 1 2 1 443 99 153 12 3 73 37 278 6,727 2,529 Total.. 8 707 113 9,534 ShedUc, N.B.- 1 1.681 British W . Indies (6 ) Total I 1,681 1 ==^ '^^— != I==l (a) Steam — A ^-apeur.. (6) Sail — A voiles. DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards /ro?» Sea, etc. — Continued. k voiles et k vapeur, venant de la mer, etc. — S%dle. Danish. Danoise. French. Franca ise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationallt^a. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registi^. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry Ves- sels. Navi Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage legistrfe Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 118 4 26 10 3 U I 14 9 2 27 10 2 2 3 2 } 195 167 9 3 5 1 5 1 150 Finnish 2 1,938 2,383 72,478 46.706 5,682 2 5,682 Cuban 1 1,492 25,415 4 16,920 Grecian Grecian 3 1 7,726 1,889 4 11,758 Portuguese.. Grecian Swedish.... 1 2 1 2,875 4,382 1,118 4,382 7,061 1 3,554 1 2,276 f Swedish.... Japanese 1 1 1,898 4,259 255,810 1 10 208 5 824 824 46 6 974 4 16.920 8 23,270 13 27,577 631 23 30 53 15,035 2 2 17 1 339 2,696 22 3,302 72 5 1 072 77 2,038 2 1 3 4 4 75 38 6,880 121 1 1 1 193 1 193 2 1,87'' 11a— 4 50 CUSTOMS— SHIPPING REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 12. — Statement of the Number iiiul Tonnage of Steam N" 12. — Relev£ du nombre et du tonnage des navires Ports and Outports and CouDtries whence arrived. Ports et ports secondaires ©t pays de dfipart. British. Britannique. United States. America ine. Norwegian. Norv6gienne. Austrian. Autrichiennc. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr6. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr6. Vos so Is. Navi res. Tons. Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves. sels. Navi- res. Tons. Register. Tonnage enrogistr*. Ves. sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrt. Shelburnc. N.S.- 2 1 2 974 73 119 25 10 1,969 793 6 l,16e 35 2,762 Shippegan. N.B.— Spain (I>) 1! 72 144 1,081 85 1.225 Sidney, B.C.— 52 1 841 183 42 9 6,233 2,222 53 1,024 51 8,455 Souris, P.E.I.— 3 144 4 138 326 12 500 Total 15 644 6 464 Steveston, B.C.— 03 I 1 1,986 45 27 126 16 3 3,345 382 73 95 2,058 145 3,800 Summerside, P.E.I. — 1 93 Sydney, N.S.— 53 145 51 3 3 2 8 130,877 255,595 4,186 7,771 7,218 6.974 20,974 6 1 1,471 254 14 18,510 3 8,952 1 4,618 Italy (o) 2 3,421 4 8 14 2 13 1 8,057 1,253 1 234 71299 41,766 2,183 St Pierre (b) 5 7,588 7 13,328 1 235 ** 31 1 1 88,611 6,099 2,668 Chili (o) 1 1 191 19 5 17 8.57 370 342 592,975 43 32,178 19 25,426 Three Rivers, Qu«.— 7 17,505 1 1,337 (a) Steam— A vapeur. (6) Sail— A voiles. DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards /ro?« Sea, etc. — Continued. a voil?s et a vapeur, venant de la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Tranjaise German. AUemande. Italian. Itali^nne. Russian. ■ Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- seU. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registr^. Ves- sels. Navi Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registr* Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registrfe Ves- sels. Navi Tom Regis- ter. Tonnage registry 2 26 12 2,042 40 1 247 1 13 72 1,081 1 247 86 1,472 .; 94 10 7,074 2,405 104 9,479 . 3 2 16 21 219 17 4 5,331 240 5.8S8 ' 1 1,338 1 128 (Dutch (Roumanian 3 1 1 4.864) 3,677) l,900j 66 161 51 3 7 28 8 3 4 38 14 2 36 1 1 36 1 1 1 25 18 1 2,394 278.753 4.186 7,771 17.045 Portuguese.. Dutch 1 25 2,875 51.197 20.U74 4,771 1 1,350 8,057 30 3,868 3 , 3,872 (Dutch ^Grecian.... (Spanish 2 1 9.9901 4.85S l,896j 83.298 2,183 1 2,385 2 6,431 /Grecian — \ Roumanian 1 1 2,0901 1,900/ 101,417 6.099 2,668 5,045 1,857 3.661 lapanese — Dutch 1 1 5.045 1,857 19 2.613 6 8,945 50 6,609 2 6,431 1 2,394 43 92,149 606 767,107 8 18,842 11a— 4i CUSTOMS—SH/l'FI.\<; REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 12. — Statemes'T of the Number and Tonnage of t) (6) 4 578 Yarmouth. Nii.— 4 1 11 11 20 17 1,180 347 60!) 1,409 782 754 124 63 10 30 233,040 3,981 630 2,286 64 5.081 227 239,937 DOUANES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Concluded, k voiles et k vapeur, venant de la mer, etc. — Fin. Danish. Danoise. French. Francaise. German. AUemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit4s. Total. Total. Ves- Eels. Navi- Ton3 Regis- ter. Tonnage registrfe. Ves- sels. Navi- Tona Regis, ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registrfe. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registrfe. 4 57S 4 1 135 74 30 47 1,180 347 233,649 5,390 1,412 3,040 291 245.018 CUSTOMS— SH/PPIXa REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo. 13. — ScMMAKY Statement of the Nationality of Sea- X° 13. — Table.vu sominaire des nationalit£s des Countries from which arrived Pays de d£|>ait. British Biitannique. United States Am^icaioe. Norwegian. NorvCcieone. Austrian. Autiichieone. Belcian. Bolge. No. Ves- sels. Tons Register. eDre»i»tr6. Ves- sels. Navi- res. 34 1 9 I 1 I ■ 38 Tons Register. Tonnage eniegistr£. Ve» sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Nav- res. Tons Register. Tonnage eorcgistri. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnace enregistr^. 1 United Kingdom Australia British South Africa British Honduras. . ^ British West Indies British Straits Settlement*. 880 29 1 1 189 6 3,435.063 153,593 452 2,688 179,076 28,942 342, 107 2,495 556,775 54,886 6.704 6.414 110,178 75.814 994 4J76 1.450 1.391 1,511 27,093 32 39.235 ? 3 4 .■> 7 5.138 6 , S Gibraltar Malta Newfoundland 123 1.16S 9 2 2 27 6 ■ 14 12.354 23.400 9 in 11 1? 13 14 4 1 9.522 449 ■ lA Ifi Chili 17 rhinn 58 22 344,036 32,370 18 Cuba 9 16.613 1 657 IB ?n SI France 47 2 1 127,512 4,171 350 13 25,411 19 41,459 1 1.899 •)9 ?3 VA 5 8,741 ?.■) Greece 3 9,416 1 2 3.S41 353 ?fi ?7 1 1 7 44 21 4 3.841 1,045 25,766 833 121,748 60,273 6,355 1 221 ?f Havti. ?9 Holland 4 11,928 30 31 Italy 1 1 40 14 2,543 861 190,379 ■ 47 '062 3 2 16 5 7,989 3,833 35,164 4.833 1 3.070 3? Japap 33 34 3,'i i 12 1 9 87 2 1,845 15 20,029 2.804 19,116 2.668 36,627 7.751 1,455 78, 180 20,306 36 37 I 2 15 1,472 4 1 2,845 2;256 310 16.664 51.599 5,039 ' 2.772 38 Roumania Russia St. Pierre San Domingo Sea Fisheries Spain 39 4n 41 ' 4'' 43 ^ 1 974 44 1 2.527 4S 2 3.865 1 12 4,604 2.245,118 116 15,020 46 47 United States Virgin Islands of U.S.A Sea. Cable and Admiralty. Total 6.073 10 1.927.993 43 81,717 1 3.203 4R 2.350 8.516 8,076,883 7,758 2,437,987 154 263.479 1 3,070 2 5,102 DOUANES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a going VessL'ls entered Inwards /rom Sea, from each Countr}'. navires de chaque pays, venaiU de la mer. Danish. Danoise. French. Frangaise. German. AUemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Xationalities. Autres nationalities. Total. TMal. Ves- sels. Nav- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 3,723 Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Regis. ter. Tonnage registry. Ves. sels. N"avi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Name of flag. Xoms. Ves- sels. -Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registr^. Z 10 6 10,446 Brazilian Dutch. . Finnish. RoXiania Dutch. 4 8 I 5,700 6,454 1,938 21,293 3,800 1,857 1 989 ' 30 8 1 206 8 1 J 184 1 1.225 9 2 2 31 1 1 77 34 11 2 116 2 I 6 14 14 2 1 44 2 } 67 60 44 17 26 1 } 16 2 10 212 17 3,419 2 10087 1 27 3,603,466 154,587 19,572 2.688 188,583 36,385 1,391 490,627 2,495 614.546 54,886 6,704 6,414 119,700 449 5,045 440,085 53,424 2,226 7,528 307,338 4.171 350 10,709 37,879 2,357 4,062 1,045 111,671 833 186,237 257,605 196,734 36,514 71,924 2,804 27.582 4,568 38.883 28,984 18,119 146,246 47,900 8,617 4,604 4,618,771 116 22,950 1 6 17,263 3 1 193 5 Japaneeer: I 5.993 6 5 11.802 2 5.443 26 70,045 Grecian... Roumania 20 n 1 3 45,465 1,900 1.353 8 9 3 3,294 2 2.631 Dutch. . in 11 1? 13 14 Japanese. Japanese.. Cuban. Dutch. Brazilian Grecian.. Portugtee. Swedish.. 1 19 1 ■ 2 9 2 1 1 5,045 96,049 1,492 7^528 26,657 5,106 2,875 2,254 l.S 16 17 1 2,292 IS 11 2,226 664 19 ?.n 2 2,383 20 71,118 1 ?i ?? ?3 1 1,968 ?4 * Dutch... 10 3 24,922 500 ?5 9 1,499 S6 27 Dutch.!!' ■ ■32 72;694 ?R 1 1,883 ?9 30 1 2,667 15 44,149 Bra^lian, Grecian... Japanese. . 1 1 36 2,182 1,889 192.638 31 3? 33 1 1,350 34 35 36 Grecian... Portug'ese Roumania 1 I n 1 2,746 2,875 1,900 37 38 39 123 20,923 40 41 3 315 440 2,049 99 16,152 4'' 2 4 12,235 Dutch... Spanish. . . Swedish.. Swedish.. 1 1 2 1,353 135 1,118 1,141 43 12 1 128 44 41 6 7,418 21 42,447 1 2.276 Brazilian. Dutch.. . Grecian... Japanese. . Mexican. Spanish... Swedish.. 1 10 8 50 5 1 3,523 26,257 19,171 251,305 2,880 1,896 3,567 46 47 5 5.580 48 65 36,692 279 178.951 1 1.968 32 145.968 4 3,423 249 856,851 17,081 12,010,374 cvsTOMS—srfii'Pixa report 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TUADK WITH EACH COUNTRY No. 14 — Statement of the Xuinljcr and Tonnage of Steam and Sailing Vessels entered outwards distinRuishing the Nationality of the COMMEUCE AVEC CHACUN DES PAYS N° 14 — Etat du nombre et du tonnage des vaisseaux i voiles et ii vapeur allanl d la mer, cntrds Uti des vaisseaux employes pour le commerce Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Porta et ports secondaires et pays de depart. British. Britannique. United States. Am6ricatne. Norwegian. Norvigienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Be"tec. Ves- sels. res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistre. Ves- sels. .Navi- Tons register. Tonnage enregistrfi. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistn&. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons register. Tonnage enrcgistrt. Ves- sels. Navi- Tona register . Tonnage enrcgistr*. Alert Bay. B.C.— United States .(«) .(«) 17 ■ 4,685 101 2 8,472 54 Total 17 4,685 103 8,526 .(<■) .C6) .(6) Annapolis Royal, N.S.— 1 1 60 382 Cuba United States 3 18 Total 2 442 3 18 .(f)) Arichat, N.S.— 1 2 82 15 128 87 1,551 Total 87 1,551 4 225 .(6) .(o) .C6) .(«) .(6) .(6) Baddeck. N.S.— 2 335 9 47 547 1 5 4 16 11,276 370 334 United States 7 1,045 91 Sea Fisheries Total 24 1,730 19 12,331 .») Harrington Passage, N.S.— United States 23 207 14 243 Sea Fisheries 5 281 Total 14 243 28 488 / .») .(0) (6) .(i>) .(6) Barton. N,S.— Cuba 1 369 Bathurst, N.B.— 3 5,598 s Great Britain 2 2 1 1,098 993 1,161 Cuba 1 1,235 Total 3 5,598 5 3.252 1 1,235 .(6) ■ ib) .(6) Bear River, N.S.— United States 4 524 Belliveau Cove, N.S.— British \V. Indies 1 1 282 53 T:otal 2 335 .(6) .») .») .(6) .(6, (b) Bridgewater, N.S.— British W.Indies 1 2 99 315 2 2,501 Cuba 2 904 i 1 398 340 3 782 Sail— A voiles. (o) Steam— A vapeur. DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a AXD NATIONALITY OF VESSELS. for Sea, at each of the undermentioned Ports and Outports in Canada, for foreign countries, Vessels employed in the trade with each country. ET N.\TION.U.ITfi DE3 V.USSEAUX. k chacun des ports et ports secondaires mentionnes ci-apres, a destination etrangere, avec nationa- avec chaque pays. Danish. Danoise. French. Franca ise. German. .\Memande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonange registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registrfe. Names'. Noms. Ves- sels, Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage en- registrfi. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 118 2 13.157 54 120 1 1 3 60 382 18 5 480 1 1 2 87 82 15 128 1,551 91 1 776 2 1 10 7 12 11 335 47 563 11,276 1,415 425 13 14.061 23 14 5 207 243 281 ' 42 731 1 369 3 2 2 2 5,598 1,098 993 2,396 9 10,085 ■ 4 524 1 1 2S2 53 2 335 1 2 2 3 4 99 2 501 1.122 CUSTOMS—SHIPPING REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 14. — Statement of tlic Number and Touiiage of .Stcuiii N° 14. — Tabuiau du uombre et du tonnage des navires Poru and Outporta and Countries for which Departed. Ports et ports secondairea et pays de d^rt. British. Britannique. United States. Ain6ricaine. Norwegian. Norv«gienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- wls. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnaee enregistrf. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- rea Tons register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistr^. Bridgewater. X.S.— Con. Canary Islands ■.\l] 1 349 United States 3 793 Total 9 2,449 5 1,531 2 2.S0I Britannia Beach, B.C.— United States 178 61,088 41 11,113 Butedale. B.C.— United States 1 65 9 1,041 44 117 2.145 2,211 Sea Fisheries Total fi6 8 I 1 2 1,050 161 4,356 .(«) .«.) .») .») :gi (0) (6) .(0) .») :'(?! (0) (6) (6) («) ») .») (•) .») .(») (0) .(«) .«.) (a) Campbellton. N.B.— 19.2S9 211 238 200 1 3 748 2,876 British \V. Indies 1 1,203 I 799 ToUl , 13 20,737 1 1,203 4 3,624 Campo Bello, N.B.n— .United States 165 24,618 47 437 Canso. N'.S — Briti.sh \V. Indies 1 93 2 4 61 19 142 196 486 334 3,514 1,282 li 113 1 6 47 > 22 122 664 8,688 1,297 United States Total . 78 10,977 95 5,954 Caraquet, N.B.- 151 2,160 Cardisan. P.E.I.— 3 293 Charlotte tow-n. P.E.T.— 3 18 4 1,409 1,027 157 1 1,412 25 2,593 1 1,412 Chatham. XB — 14 1 24,404 325 3 3,351 7 ii,289 15 24,729 7 11,289 3 3,351 Cheraainus, B.C. — 4 14 7 1 14,970 513 1.112 2.052 47 872 1 1,946 26 18,647 48 2.818 ' (a) Steam— .\ vapeur. (6) Sail — A voiles. DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards, /or Sea, etc. — Continued. a voiles et k vapeur, allanl a la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Fran^aise. German. AUemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. .\utres nationalitfes. Total. Tot^l. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. [Jonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registr*. Names. Noms Ves- sels. N^avi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. \avi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 1 3 793 16 6,481 219 72.201 45 182 2,154 227 5,406 9 4 I 2 2 1 20, 037 3,087 238 200 1 1,211 2,414 799 1 1,211 19 26,775 212 25,055 1 2 3 8 10 113 41 93 142 309 608 998 5 840 13,042 2,579 5 840 178 17,771 151 3 4 18 4 2,821 1 027 26 4,005 Swedish. . . 1 1,169 18 5 1 7 28,924 1 271 i 946 178 1 5 1,124 1 1,169 31 41 662 9 13,326 13 61 7 1 1 28,296 1,385 2,052 1,946 9 13,326 . .'. 83 34,791 62 CUSTOMS—SHIPPING REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo. 14. — Statement of llio Number and Tonnage of Steam N° 14. — Tableau du nombre et du tonnage dee navires Ports and Outporta and Countries for which Dcpailed. Ports et ports secondaires et pays de depart. British. Britannique. Vnitod States. .-\m6ricaine. Norwegian. Norv^ienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage eniegistr^. \es- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register Tonnage enregistri. Chester. N.S.— 9 108 5 65 Total 9 108 5 65 Cheticamp. N.S.— 1 100 Church Point, N.S.— 1 727 Clarks Harbour, N.S.— 2 S il6 193 34 497 10 309 34 497 Clementsport, N.S. — 6 594 Dalhousie, N.B.— 3 7,294 7 10,519 3 7,294 7 10,519 . Digby, N.S.- 4 12 1,113 4,435 3 24 16 5,550 3 24 Dorchester, N.B— 1 319 Freeport, N.S.— 7 201 Gasp^, Que.— 9 2 15,032 241 1 2,547 British V\ . Indies (6) 1 1,025 St. Pierre (6) 2 1 6 198 142 1,877 9 ' 3 12,82S 238 Total 20 17,490 12 13,066 2 3,572 Georgetown, P.E.I.— • 8 2 444 26 10 470 Glace Bay, N.S.— 1 4 40 92 Total . 5 132 Halifax. N.R.- 144 17 2 14 79 53 1 1 533,363 8.675 2.046 2.3S3 33,898 5.852 2,665 5,714 4 10 3 15.768 8,155 4.322 1 3 8 1,262 3.749 5,872 ^" 2 5 1 1.414 421 3.376 8 6.608 Belgium (a) New Zealand (a) • (o) Steam — A vapeur. (6) Sail — A voiles DOVANES—RAPPOM DE LA NAVIGATION 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards, /or 5ca, etc. — Continued, k voiles et k vapeur, allant a le mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Fran?aise. German. AUemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registr*. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registrt. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registr^. Names. Noms Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Na^-i- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registr*. 5 9 65 108 14 173 ^ 1 100 1 727 34 2 8 497 116 193 44 806 6 594 3 1 7,294 1 189 189 10 519 1 189 11 18,002 4 15 1,115 ' 4,459 19 5,574 1 319 7 10 2 1 2 11 9 241 198 1 1,433 1 1,433 35 35,561 S 2 10 470 1 4 S 1 262 2,307 Grecian. Swedi^i . . 1 1 1,927 917 151 47 13 14 !><< 51) 553,582 24,832 12,240 2,383 41,920 6,27, 13 3 1,029 1. 1 64 CUSTOMS— SHlPPINd REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 14. — St.vtement of tho Xumbor and Tonnagp of St earn N° 14. — Tableau du nombre et du tonnage des navires Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Ports et ports secondaires et pays de depart . British. Britannique. Unit«d States. America ine. Norwegian. Norvfcgienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregifitr6. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register Tonnage enregistr^. Ve-8 sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrfi. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage eoregistr^. Halifax. N.S.-Con. 1 3 11 6 13 1 29 4 4 1 2.249 758 17,398 1,036 34.292 439 78,732 646 13,662 4,741 1 1 735 1,660 Cuba (o) 1 629 3 7,674 3 7,261 p (6) Holland (o) 1 1 2 4.259 2,029 7,188 Hayti (o) 1 156 2 3.811 Crpprft* ia) 1 3,283 13 1,346 Portugal (a) .Argentina (a) Argentina {b] 1 1 1 7 3,549 332 227 953 1 1,263 1 162 16 4 I S 3 88 1,107,480 4.296 6,664 3,381 753 4,464 Turkey Ka) 93 6 16 1 167.243 1.623 85,298 2,501 1 18 3,146 30.396 1 1,899 Bermuda (a) San Domingo (o) 2 3,036 2 3,362 F pnph Afripji fa) 86 93 16 7,131 6.267 16,444 31 15 10 2,315 1.043 2.350 797 1,915,442 210 326,956 45 62.734 I 1,899 Hantsport, N.S.— United States (6) 2 3,194 Hillsboro, N.B.- United States (i>) 10 10,657 6 1,043 Indian Island. N.B. — United States (o) 7 56 106 1,153 Isaacs Harbour, N.S. — New^foundland (6) United States (o) Sea Fisheries ." (o) Sea Fisheries (6) 2 1 453 77 3 1 3 104 134 101 3 530 7 339 ' Joggin Mines, N.S. — United States (6) 3 360 11 1,817 Ladner, B.C.— United States (o) 4 87 3 331 4 87 3 331 (a) Steam— .\ vapeur. (6) Sail— A voiles. DOr AXES—RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessjls entered Outwards, for Sea, etc. — Continued. a voiles et a vapeur, allanl d h. mer, etc. — Suite. Dajlish. Danoise. French. Fran^aise. German. AUemande. Italian. Russian. Italienne. Ruase. Other Nationalities. .\utre3 nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registr^. Ves- seb. Xavi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Nai-i- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 23 29 125 108 29 1,493 19,687 1,036 3 6.439 Brazilian . . 1 3,523 439 78,732 17,921 6,770 7,188 156 3,811 3.283 1,346 240 Portuguese.. 3 240 3,549 / 332 17 3,555 3,782 953 Dutch i 2,324 3,587 1 105 105 88 6 9,246 4 2,605 15 42,341 San Domingo. Grecian Dutch Portuguese.. 1 8 2 1 197 21,201 9,204 431 1,391,812 1 1,968 Grecian 2 9,850 753 • 3 036 1 6 1,433 923 1,433 2 210 10,579 7 310 3 3,348 23 12.130 34 18,303 1 1.968 15 42,341 3 1,029 21 43,932 1,150 2 3,194 16 11,700 113 1 209 2 4 1 3 453 101 10 869 14 2,177 7 418 7 418 11a — 5 66 crsTO.Ms- sH/ri'/xa uevoh r 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 14. — Statkmknt showing lln- NuinhiT ami Tonnage of .Steam N° H. — T.tBLEAU du nombre pt du tonnage des navires Ports and Out ports and Countries for which Departed. Port** et porta secondaires et paysde depart. British. BritAiuiique. United States. .\ni6ricaine. Norwegian. Xor\«gienne. .\ustrian. .\utrichicnne. Belgian. Belie. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons register Toimage enregistr*. Ves- sels. .\avi- Tons register. Tonnage enregistt*. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons register. Tonnage enregistt*. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ijidyamith, B.C.— i 41 49 3.953 4,142 8,597 108 77 46,837 23,902 Total 91 16,692 185 70,739 .(6) .(6) .(fr) .(0) .(6) -Cfc) .(6) .(a) -(6) — La Have, N.S.— 2 5 1 247 930 349 332 1 101 S 53 1 1 1 4 76 365 329 343 592 6,947 3 349 Total 92 10,434 9 503 -(0) .(•) .(6) Levis, Que.— 3 4.161 Liverpool, N S — 1 1 I 3 6 9 51 20 1.398 295 110 535 1,481 3,191 2.079 2,052 Newfoundland 1 1 13 27 107 8 71 96 719 7,767 6,651 697 Total 94 11,141 157 16,001 .(6) Lockeport.X.S. 15 11 172 693 30 1,036 30 1,036 26 865 ^ .(a) .(«) • («) .(o) .(«) ■SI :S1 (a) .(<■) (6) Lord-sCove, N.B.— U5 875 94 1,048 Louisburg, N.S.— 16 35 16 1 1 1 47,090 20,138 2,275 3,038 2,685 2,704 1 7 169 632 1 1,396 Belgium 4 8,351 Holland N'orw;ay 2 3.945 2 22 1 4 4 1 173 52,051 88 17,208 12,636 46 1 1,654 1 11 4 1,327 1,151 11,419 Sea, Cable and admiralty. 3 1 705 1,621 IS 15 2.658 1.097 65 2,434 Total 134 163,887 78 7 215 23 27,589 ia) St«am— A vapeur. (6) Sail — A voiles. DOV AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a ami Sailing Vessels entered Outwai'ds /<«■ Sua elc. — Coiitiniied. a voilss et a vapeur, allant a la mer, elc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Franca ise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- tes. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi Tons regis- ter. Tonange registry. Ves- sels. Navi Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registre. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Nav- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 1 149 126 • 50 979 276 87,431 2 6 1 1 5 1 1 1 7 76 1 Ml 101 3 4 161 I 6 19 36 159 28 * 181 • 1 163 2 749 1 163 252 27,305 IS 41 172 56 1,901 209 17 36 23 1 5 1 12 2 2 32 12 8 9 4 1 17 80 2 907 2 704 Dutch 12 28,862 3 945 1 1,521 7 18,488 75 041 28,627 25,307 Grecian 5 12.671 751 1,621 1 105 1 98 3 531 2 1,626 I 98 7 18,488 17 41,533 262 260,436 11a— 5^ 68 CUSTOMS— SHIPPIXn REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo. 14. — St.\te.mext of the Number and Tonnage of Steam N° 14. — Tableau du nombre et du tonnage des navires Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Ports et ports seoondaires et pays de depart. British. Britannique. United States. .4m6ricaine. Norwegian. | Austrian. | Belgian. Nor\-«gienne. | Autrichienne | ■ Beige. Vcs sels. Navi- res. Tons register. Tonnage enrogistr*. Ves- seU. Navi- Tons register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. N^^i- Tons register. Tonnage enregistrt. Ves- sels. N^i- rc8. Tons register. Tonnage enregistri. Ves- sels. N^^i- rcs. Tons register Toniuige cnregistrfc. Lower East Pubnico, N.S.— 22 1 4 IS 262 79 383 887 7 2 12 392 35 506 Sea Hsheriee (i) Total 21 933 42 1,611 Lunenburg, N.S.— 13 1 1 19 1 2 1 1 41 217 1,592 465 351 1.925 100 199 330 97 1.295 20,129 Cuba (6) St. Pierre (6) 1 47 ' 26 1,817 297 26,483 27 1.864 Mahone Bay. N.S.— 1 1 1 1 ro 233 90 95 10 702 Sea Fisheries (i) 14 1,130 Meteghan River, N.S.— United States (6) 1 S94 Moncton. N.B.— 4 2 1 6 8,579 1.355 57 459 3 411 . .. 13 10.450 3 411 9 626 Newfoundland (6) Montmagny, Que.— Great Britain (o) 1 1,353 Great Britain (o) 288 8 9 16 1,159,847 12,178 12,139 68,405 35 55,203 2 3,634 Newfoundland (a) 12 18,808 2 4,926 Brazil (a) Cuba (o) France (a) 7 25 7 4 3 9,556 67,962 26,026 18,918 10,252 6 8,882 2 4,455 1 1,693 Italy (o) Norway (a) Greece (o) Australia (a) Gibraltar (a) Spain (a) United States (o) Argentina (o) Houmania (a) 1 2 3.458 6,068 7 5 4 1 7 5 2 1 18,962 23,466 12.733 1,453 9,745 19.146 4,711 1,394 5 8,131 145 202,583 2 17 1 4.182 73,991 1,614 Turkey (o) Total 399 1,476.893 224 375.087 9 22,541 (o) Steam— .\ vapeur. (6) Sail— A voiles. DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards /or Sea etc. — Continued. a voiles et a vapeur, allant d la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. French. Danoise. Frangaise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationality. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels'. Xavi- res. Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms Ves- sels. Navi- 1 Tons regis- ter Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. N^i- Tons regis- ter. Tonnage rcgistr*. 22 S 6 262 471 418 1,393 63 ■ 2,544 13 1 1 19 1 3 1 67 217 1,592 465 351 . 1,925 100 246 330 97 3,112 20,129 324 28,347 1 1 1 1 10 233 95 10 702 1 14 1,130 1 594 4 2 1 9 ' 8,579 1,355 57 1 . 1 ... 1 ! 870 16 10,861 ^ 9 626 1 1,353 4.753 6 17.306 333 8 21 19 1 49 7 6 9 24 5 6 1 152 7 IS 1 1,240,743 12,178 Brazilian.... Brazilian.... 1 1 2,999 2,903 76,330 9 556 9 33,010 Brazilian.... 7 19,967 134,276 26,025 24,246 29,303 Holland. . . . 1 3,635 5 15,593 Grecian 12 30,875 57,968 23,466 17,956 1,453 212,328 2 5,223 Roumanian. 3 5,570 14,463 75,385 ■ 2 4,753 15 50,316 7 20,816 25 65,919 70 ci'STOMS—siiiri'iX(; report 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 14. — St.\tevent of the Xuinb?r and Tonnage of Steam N° 14. — Tableau du nombre et du tonnage des navires Ports Hnd Outporta and Countries for which Departed. Ports et ports secondaires et paysdc depart. British. Britannique. I'nitcd States. Am£ricaine. Norwegian. Norvigienne. Austrian. Autriebienne. Belgian. Beige Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregislr^. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- seU. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrt. Murray Harbour, P.E.T.— 4 81 Nanaimo. B.C. — 2 175 102 8,409 33,085 18,589 303 281 ' 87. M7 87.993 1 3.014 1 2.232 Japan (a) 47 3.922 164 3,997 Total 326 64.005 748 179,037 2 5.246 Newcastle. N.B.— 10 14,594 3 1 3.673 178 Total 10 14.594 4 3.851 Xew Westminster, B.C.— 4 2 10,358 107 2 428 Total 6 10,465 2 428 North East Harbour, N.S.— 2 1 62 44 • 2 1 26 33 Total 3 59 3 106 North Head. N.B— 165 27,760 47 571 North Sydney, N.S.~ 22 360 174 1 1 1 4 2 45,481 170,399 11,902 2,794 1,453 2.848 1.850 4.343 45 6 5 2 70,609 5,741 417 5,721 2 5 4,478 13,065 Belgium (o) 1 2.204 3 4,588 3 8.226 ^ Norway (o) 1 1 1.604 235 3 3.186 23 7 3 2.036 14,434 279 1 10,901 176 4 5,559 Greenland, Iceland, etc (a) 1 254 IS 1,141 13 21 2,224 1,350 ' Total 613 258.960 105 103,566 19 36,972 Ocean Falls, B.C.— 11 18.762 88 4 109,049 744 4 10,274 Total 15 29,036 92 109,793 Parrsboro, N.S. — 2 .-t.oos 151 6 K^O 1 1,166 1 1 20 272 217 2.912 . 20 43 6,501 6.690 39 13.374 63 13.191 1 1,166 (a) Steam— A vapeur. (d) Sail— A voiles. DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing \'essels entered (Jutwards, /or Sea, etc. — Continued. a voiles et a vapeur, allanl i la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Fran^ise. German. Italian. .\Heniande. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage cn- registi*. Ves- sels. Xavi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Nav- Tona Regis- ter. Tonange registr*. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registr*. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. NaW- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registrfe. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 4 81 23 12 41,070. 9,264. 25 491 383 1 1 211 49,479 132,410 106.582 2,232 Japanese 1 4,454 4,454 7,919 35 50,334 1 4,454 1,112 303.076 13 8 18,267 7 i.294 1.472 7 1,2M 21 19. 739 . 9 12,625 13 4 22,983 535 9 12,625 17 23,51^ 2 3 1 62 70 33 6 165 212 28,331 69 372 181 4 1 31 4 7 30 24 19 4 1 2 124 23 120,568 ] 8 252 189,213 2 12,571 1,453 23 4,782 Brazilian . . 1 2,701 23,145 1,850 1 8 29 1 6,278 132 6,513 Grecian. 2,079 32,973 254 Grecian. i 3,202 3,202 96 2 15,158 108 1,458 4 268 151 26.458 4 7,982 896 434,206 99 4 4 107 138,829 2 16 1 21 63 3,093 8,046 103 72 CUSTOMS— SHI PPIXG REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam N" 14. — Tableau du nombre et du tonnage des navires Porta and Outports and Countries tor which Departed. Ports et ports sccondaires et pays de depart. British. Britanniquo. United States. .\m6ricaine. Norwegian Nor\-6gienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Register. ToMUwe enregistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Reeister. Tonnage enregistrfe. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- 8CU. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregislr^. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Paspebiac. Que.— 1 1,363 1 360 1 195 1 i 1 U2 180 1,141 271 3 5.067 6 3,097 4 5,427 1 195 Pictou. N.S.— 3 9 2 3,903 3.392 367 2 1.121 United States (a) J 14 7,664 2 1.121 Port Alhemi. B.C.— S I 585 4 2 17 Total 9 589 2 117 Port Hastings, N.S.— British W Indies ... . (o) 1 16 1.367 1,898 2 1,443 2 1,443 17 3.265 Port Hawkesbury, N.S.— 1 1 3 380 148 206 1 568 1 2 4 4 5 509 53 427 554 419 1 22 9 271 3,325 724 Total 37 ~ 5.054 17 2.530 Port Hood. N.S.— 2 147 _ ■ Port La Tour, N.S.— 2 62 1 10 1 10 2 62 Port Mulerave, N.S.— 1 76 I 1 i,542 154 15 5.445 Total 3 1,772 15 5,445 Port Simpson, B.C— 10 3.595 Port Wade, N.S.- , 74 Powcll River, B.C.— 8 19 22,648 3,791 90 33.950 Total 27 26,439 90 33.950 (a) Steam — A vapeur. (6) Sail — ^A voiles. DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOy SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels, entered Outwards, for Sea, etc. — Continued. 5, voiles et a vapeur, allanl d la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Franca ise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- seU. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Nari- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registr^. Ves- sels. Xav-i- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage rcgistrf. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. XaTi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registrfe. Names. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registr^. 1 2 'l 2 4 1 1,363 555 M2 ISO 6,208 271 11 8,719 - 3 14 2 3.905 3 464 4.977 367 3 464 19 9,249 1 3.000 • 1 10 1 3,000 702 1 3,000 12 3,706 1 IS 1,367 ■ 3,341 19 4,708 2 1 3 1 2 5 26 14 943 14S 206 ' 509 53 698 3,879 1,143 54 7.584 2 147 I 62 10 3 72 1 1 16 1 76 ^ 1 672 672 6.987 154 1 672 19 •7,889 10 3,595 1 74 6 109 22,648 37,741 117 60,389 74 CUSTOMS— sin Fl'lXa HEPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnugc of .Sicaiii N° 14. — Tableau du nombre et du tonnage des navirea Ports and Uutports and Countries for which Departed. Ports et porta secondaires et pays de depart. British. Britanniquc. United States, .^ra^ricainc. Norwegian. Austrian. .\utrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves. seU. Navi- res. Tons Register Tonnage enregisti^ Ves- seU. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrf Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register Tonnage enregistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^ Ves- seU. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregisti^. Prince Rupert, B.C.— 83 56,524 - no 1 1 870 30.470 8 634 15.723 688 9,847 Total 771 66,371 982 46,835 Pugwash, N.S.— 1 336 Quebec. Que.— 103 2 1 17 8 1 1 5 330,495 779 1,451 4,846 647 4,093 3.330 10,972 6 1 9,495 481 5 1 7.810 925 Belgium (0) 2 10 2,560 14,675 7 lo.azs i 1 1 4,698 2.840 4.664 1 1 1,614 1,632 1 2.206 Greece (fl) 111 368,815 21 30,457 14 21.864 Rimouski, Que. — 9 17,942 Great Britain (6) 2 2.076 4 3,352 Total 13 21,294 2 2.076 River Hebert, N.S.— Great Britain (t) 1 577 St. Andrews, X.B. — United States (fl) United States (i) 347 1 21,271 71 802 2 12,318 299 348 21,342 804 12,617 St. George. N.B.— United States (fl) United States (I>) 8 7 89 313 74 35 1,819 5,214 45 402 109 7,033 St. John, N.B.— Great Britain (fl) Great Britain (6) British W. Indies (fl) British \V. Indies (4) Belgium (fl) San Domingo (fl) Cuba (o) Frafice (fl) Greece (e) Sweden (fl) Italy (fl) Norway (fl) Portugal (4) United Sutes {«) United States (4) French West Indies (4) British South A/nca (■) 125 9 3 3 13 466.599 4.201 4,780 706 52,147 1 12 3,113 8,298 2 1 1.916 1.062 1 296 1 3.203 4 5.243 . 2 17 1 2.576 71.599 1.966 1 3 1,609 8,069 1 2.612 5 16.366 1 1 2,266 1,967 2 6.786 2 1,314 1 S.90S 3 193 87 2,976 214,748 7.046 56 36 1 4 48.976 992 268 14.234 1 2.756 1 2.276 to) Steam— A vapcur. (4) Sail — A voiles. DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards, /or Sea, etc. — Continued. a voiles et a vapeur, aUanl d la iner, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Franca ise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter, Tonnage registry Ves- sels. Xavi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms Yes- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage en- registr^ Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registr*. 193 1 I 1,558 86,994 g 25 570 1,753 113,206 1 114 4 1 17 8 1 1 25 11 1 5 4 4,846 4,093 3,330 35,561 15,754 4,698 11.594 11 1 11.106 1,079 2 4,934 Grecian 2 4,172 12 12; 185 2 4,934 2 4,172 192 442,427 9 5 4 17,942 2,614 538 538 18 23,908 1 577 1.149 3 33,589 1,152 33,959 82 42 1,908 5,527 124 7,435 Portuguese.. Finnish 1 2 2,861 1,938 129 29 3 4 14 4 2 21 } " 1 13 1 2 2 2 1 3 \ 253 123 474,489 16,259 4,780 760 55,350 5,243 2.576 85,904 3 12,696 / [apanese. . . . 3r«cian Swedish.... 1 5 1 4,259 11,450 1,898 1 7 20,908 39,540 6,786 486 210 Portuguese.. 1 276 5,905 2,976 271,366 8,038 / Swedish.... Cuban 1 1 1,118 1.492 I 4 14.234 cusTOMS—SHirrixa report 11 GEORGE V, A. 192V No. 14. — Statement of the Xunibi-r ami Tonnage of .Steam N° 14. — Tableau du nombre ot du tonnage dcs navircs Ports and Outports and Countries (or which Departed. Ports ct ports secondaires et pays do d6part. British. Britannique. United .States. America ine. Norwegian. Norvigienne. Austrian. Autrichienne. Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Tons Register. Tonnage cnregistri. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enrogistrd. Ves- sels. Navi- rcs. Tons Register. Tonnage enregiatr6. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enrcgistr£. Ves- sels. Navi- rcs. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr*. St. John. N.B.— Con. 2 3 2 IS 722 8,463 92 400 Gibraltar (o) Sea Fisheries. (6) 300 707,778 305 251,398 9 13,883 1 2,276 1 3,203 St. Martins, N.B.— United States (6) 17 i 8,845 i2 12 24 5.106 1,896 Total 18 8,857 36 7,002 St. Peters, N.S.— 1 14 144 246 2,233 United States (6) 17 2,623 St. Stephen, N.B.- 8 235 69 3 776 436 Total 8 235 72 1,212 Salmon River, N.S.— 2 1 142 11 3 153 Sandy Cove, N.S.— V 1 15 Sandy Point, N.S.— \ 1 1 153 794 99 39 3 262 10 90 1.217 6,208 ... 5 1.085 103 7,687 Shediac, N.B.— 1 224 Total 1 224 Sheet HarboOT. N.S.— 1 449 Shelburne, N.S.— 1 5 1 60 774 365 3 5 1 33 S87 360 65 2,594 4 223 11 1,422 42 3.306 Sherbrooke, N.S.— ' 2 232 2 752 Shippeean, N.B.— 15 75 165 1.1Q6 Total 90 1,271 (a) Steam— A vapeur. (6) Sail — A voiles. DOr AXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing ^'t'ssels entered Outwards, /or Sea, etc. — Continued. a voiles et a vapeur, allanl a la mer, etc. — Suite. Danish. Danoise. French. Franca ise. German. .AJlemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationality. Total. T^tel. Ves- seU. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. lonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage cn- registr^. Ves- sels. Nav.- Tons Regis- ter. Tonange registry Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves: sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Names. Noms. Ves- seU. Nav- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 2 3 2 15 722 8,463 92 400 970 3 12,696 7 20.908 13 25,292 «4o 1,038,404 29 24 1 13,951 1,896 12 54 15,859 1 2 14 144 246 2,233 17 2,623 77 3 1,011 436 80 1,447 2 1 142 11 3 153 1 15 5 1 11 91 41S 794 1,316 6,247 ^ 108 8,772 2 417 2 1 417 224 2 «7 3 641 1 449 1 8 6 1 37 60 1,061 725 65 2,817 53 4.728 4 984 1 247 1 15 75 247 165 1,106 1 247 91 1,518 C us TOMS SHI PI' I NO REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 14. — Statkvient of tlic Numbor ami Tonnage of Steam N° 14. — Tableau du nombre et du tonnage des navires Porl8 iind (»utportH itnd Countries for which Departed. Ports et port.s secondaires et pays de d6part. British. Britannique. United States. America ine. Norwegian. Norv^gienne. Austrian. Autrichienne, Belgian. Beige. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register, Tonnage eniegistr^. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enrcgistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr*. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Register. Tonnage enregistrf. Ves- sels. Navi- res. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Sidney, B C— 1 2 38 6 1,184 4,665 955 1,002 I'nited States (o) 38 6 4,765 989 Total 47 7,806 44 5,754 Sorel, Que — New-foundland (6) 1 99 United States. (o) Total 1 99 Souris, P.E.I.— Newfoundland (a) 1 3 2 119 175 186 St. Pierre (f>) 3 3 176 243 17 23 586 1,066 6 419 Steveston, B.C.— 83 1,620 124 14 6 2 3,336 342 141 40 V 83 1,620 146 3,859 Sydney, N S.— 66 162, 147 4 5,985 6 6,427 166 268 4 16 270,775 20, 255 13,773 37,911 9 I 9,242 Newfoundland (6) 1,528 12 20.640 Holland : (a) 4 9,877 Italy (o) 1 3,458 12.692 Sweden (o) 5 53 16 900 4,377 47,019 Saint Pierre (6) 2 1 2,973 1,493 1 3,579 5 2 2 1 5 1 1 5 2 622 15,789 4,701 6,896 2,676 16,665 5,438 984 955 33 1 2,598 Chili (o) 10 2,027 361 Total 621,171 44 23,609 28 49.394 ■ Three Rivers, Que.— 7 17,505 1 1,337 Tusltet, N.S.— Sea Fisheries (6) 1 9 1 111 Union Bay, Re- 4 47 6 12,053 102.467 4.294 83 125 20,399 51,433 united States (6) ■■ (o) Steam— A vapeur. (6) Sail— A voiles. DOVAXES—HAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and .Sailing Vessels entered Outwards, /or Sta, tic. — Continued. a voiles et a vapeur, allanl ) Co) .Co) .(6) .(b) .(b) (6) .(o) .(0) (o) Cb) .(o) .(b) Victoria. B.C.- 3 9 29 ■, ■ ■ ■ ■ J 804 103 17 7,996 54,929 185,468 3,953 1,013,632 20,984 426 China Japan 729 22 339 448.719 5,175 6,771 4 7,437 2 48 966 1.287,388 1,090 460.665 6 7,485 Westport. X.S.— 6 104 34 646 6 104 34 646 === Weymouth, X.S.— 1 1 11 449 393 1,078 Cuba 1 1 204 92 .... 13 1,920 2 296 White Rock, B.C.— 65 16 48 1,820 13 319 = Windsor. N.S.— 12.192 50.527 4 31 3,108 25,357 64 1 2 62.719 35 28,465 Yarmouth. N.S.— 1,452 217 yt. Pierre 121 48 11 28 227.089 858 613 2,084 21 27 23 1,816 1,139 919 Total 73 5,543 208 230.644 (q) Steam — ^A vapeur. (6) Sail — .\ voiies. DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Out«-ards,/(>r Sea, etc. — Concluded. a, voiles et k vapeur, alUtnt A la mer, etc.— Fin. Danish. Danoise. Frencii. Fxancaise. German. Allemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationalit^s. Total. Total. Ves- seU. Navi- Toiis Regis- ter. fonnage registr6. Ves- sels. Xavi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Naiv- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Noms. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. Ves- sels. Navi- Tons Regis- ter. Tonnage registry. 12 5 11 Japanese... Japanese 1 3 3,749 11.328 2 5,748 5 18,833 296 31 32,815 43 21 4 11 43 1 4 I 2 2 ll,I51 3 4 1 55 95 262 Japanese Japanese... 7 2 30,481 5,416 45 OSO 227, 60£ 11,792 \ 2 2,327 2 327 Japanese Dutch lapanese. . . . Uezican 1 3 7 6 5,115 11,300 31,209 3,796 2 6,456 948.570 861 Grecian 2 2,860 4,415 1 501 980 35 41,598 28 90,177 1,347 21 44,664 24 9 42 24 1 1.585 125 358 Japanese... Japanese.... 13 24 60.661 137,857 137 857 3 3,048 Japanese... 45 247,654 1,720,490 - 24 47,712 82 446.172 2,168 6 34' 104 , 40 750 1 2 12 15 449 1,170 2 216 = — ^= 78 2 139 20 79 15 300 99 . 2 1 122 ■69 38 50 217 1 174 Haj'tian — 1 197 227,286 3,003 174 1 1 1 197 283 236.558 11a— 6 82 CVSTOMS—SHIFFLXG REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 15. — SuMMAKV .State-ment of thf Nationality N° 15. — Tableau sommaire des navires au long Countries to which Departed. Pays > 2: Tona Register. Tonnage •1 ' 1 ^ 'a > 55 ^ 1 JSI £ ^ ^^ 1 928 47 3 20 33 47 17 3,004,201 211,106 4,464 73,257 79,378 28.203 56,171 128 5 181,615 4,065 41 50,806 ? 3 4 2 3,447 5 14,017 .■i li 5 5,985 8 5,872 1 K I 1 13 2.232 2,206 19.673 1 1 2.612 254 Zfi Greenland, Iceland, etc Hayti 27 JS Holland 2 2 5,952 7,188 8!) Italy 3 9.182 an »i 34 1 163,556 1,604 3?. 2 4 33 17 31.659 33 Peru 34 3.') 3fi [loumania 4 3 99 9,412 11,859 9,662 3 5,803 37 38 St. Pierre 1 6 2.16S 1 235 8,279 75,502 1,263 a<» 40 2,134 1 2 94,196 1.453 722 2 48 41 ^ 42 43 44 1 5,329 1 13 1.614 2,299,965 2,029 3,055 1 56 3.146 96.392 4.'i United States 3,972 5 18 3,381,886 18,423 17,474 1 2.276 1 4G 47 Sea Cable and Admiralty Total 8,989 8,678,745 7,815 2,890.190 193 313,419 1 2,276 2 5,102 DOr AXES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATIOX 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a of Sea-going ^"essel.s entered Outwards, for Sea, for each Country. cours sortis allant a la mer pour chaque pays. Danish. Danoise. French. Franeaise. German. .\Uemande. Italian. Italienne. Russian. Russe. Other Nationalities. Autres nationality. Total. Total. 1 i .1 « i ii >z 1 i s s g S 3 1 1 >z 1 1 it I'E >z 1 ti g", O.I Name of Flag. Nom du drapeau. 1 s >z 1 -i iSl ll i is > Z §1 II 12,177 102 169,432 3 1,Q29 1 2 1 2 5 3,490 1.927 1,938 2,86) 2,086 6.737 1 [1,256 52 3 27 33 60 17 1 43 1,367 16 7 } " 7 3 5 91 44 6 203 2 7 2 } '' 3 1 \ 58 26 47 41 21 4 33 5 10 4 159 6 4,464 4 2 2 9,497 6 34 3,438,299 215,171 4,464 90,721 79,378 40,060 56,171 2,232 130,457 623,278 11,619 33,314 4,813 173,138 9,975 1,022 7,091 498,083 41,296 6,679 426,671 2,232 i,ns 4,600 103,277 447 156 143,848 83,154 224,853 174,474 37,614 11.792 3,361 726 20,785 16,974 22,327 8,279 194,193 0,218^ 722 3.248 < 4,760 6.227,959 20,452 i 23.877 -i 42 Pimusli Portuguese [Unregistered 2.368 260 1 4,287 4 10,157 Crt^ian 21 1 50,60« 8 3 , I 1,211 1 I 1 2,999 2,266 2,903 lananese 16 69,826 I .1 3.872 61 1 80,121 1,433 Brazilian 10 29.175 Soanish 1 21 1 1,896 49,699 4.259 105 / 1 43 1 90,394 5.045 13 40,166 iamaneflp 35 184,120 2,860 I 8 1 210 Portuguese Roumanian 4 3 516 5,570 0,115 \ 59 i2.436 3 315 178 157 24,132 1 2,324 * 1 1,350 1,898 12,117 26 30,712 1 1,968 22 60,829 1 2.394 8 9 1 52 6 1,492 28,147 23,280 197 278,863 3,796 431 197 1,118 Grecian 8 Haytian 1 Portuguese ISan Domingo iSwedisb 3 3,348 66 34,171 410 325.895 1 1.968 39 111,152 4 3.423 257 868,039 17,777 13,234,380 11a— 6* 84 CUSTOMS— SHlPPIXa REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 5 o •5 a C O ►Y ^ "g ■§ 3 " S6 S^ i II, ll ?— SS— S «- ^■|iri I-; S| 2 -S -■„ >coO^ I ■ S , |i ;|B : : ; to '■ '■ ' : . . :3g :S : : : ;S ; is i : 5 ;| ;5 ; M^M : :i : ;" 3 : : : : 1 CM . ^ . . : : ; 2g ;2: : : ; :^ :S ; : _,„.^ N ^ :si i=ii3 ; II : .g| .|Sgg||KK| . 0 CM'-r = t~ i| :i°i.-S.: s is "2£'|- ; ; «00 - OCR 0'^«'«'CiCM«OCi ■ - oo'io - -t^w" cM-T t^c'tn — ^ '■ - : : = S S; -"=■ — : "S»2 1 iiSiS : Ms :g -■"■ is : 0 s " "= : :|§ iS^S^S^ggS . : - °i 1 ■ § CO ;S :S :a ; is ;s • a : .3 ;;=£:: OjOg s:S . .g3S"-SSg-S i JS- i : 1:0 - — ' ■ ; M ;2 i ^21 : : :gS| ; -.r —"00 ^'— * ■ : iii° i ;§ ;° :° ■ -t- -r- ■ 0 ■ ■« . .«•* • ■ :§"! . . (M— CO« — — C:0-,« — (Tsta s 9 169 380 4 240 381 7,353 2,400 56 42,884 s ; i-l5'ias '■ ;^SiiS^ 1 60 9,524 18,675 50 26,268 .35.673 352,969 24.000 604 602,577 \ ■ igssiiSS oiocKoc.^oor^ o»o Soo t^ S :g5g 03 i "SS- 2g|| = | .^ g : ;-Sg»SSS§ : ^^ISSS" : : ^ " ;gS5 s 2^ O : ■ 3 Ms 5 i mill 1^ ^ ^ N ^ 5!lll& O-g .go 1=1 ttlUU if- >' 'Sis 5S5 iB 86 cusTOMf!—fiin I'i'/xa re pout 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 16. — ScMMMiv St.\tkmkxt of Canadian and Tnitpci Slates Vessels trading on Inland Waters, which arrived at Canadian Ports and Outports. N° 16. — Tableau .sd.m.maihe des navires oanadiens et des Etats-Unis navinuant dans les eaux (Ic I'intdrieur, arrives a des ports du Canada. llECAPITUL.\TIOX-RfiCAPITULATIO\. — Vessels. Navirea. Tons register. Tonnage enregistr^. Crew. Equipage. Canadian — Canadiens — Ste > z ill 11 ^1 ^i ^§o-s^ ^c; .£0^.s-|- -_-C& ■15 DOU AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a 1 ;" : ■^J- o ;8 -tot* . ■ as-H ■ ■ S ■ ■ -S ■ :2 1 O " - w .^ . . .^ . ;" 1 f o ■ '. — '» IN o som ■ ■ <» u5 : -SS-^'S"- • :S S ; § i ; S3S2SS5S - -S 5 : S ~ : i „g -;f :-"'■" :" §3 2 ;| com £2 i« Tf C- gg g 1, 1' it ill 11 : -O lis S.S-o 90 CUSTOMS— SHIPPINC REPORT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 17. — SrMM.\.RY St.\tement of Canadian and United States Vos.sels, trading on Inland Waters, whii'li Departed from Canadian Ports. N° 17. — T.\BLEAU soMMAiRE de.s navires canadiens et des Etats-Unis naviguant dans Ics eaux de I'intCrieur, partis des ports du Canada. RECAPITUL.\TION— RECAPITULATION. VeaseU. Navires. Tons Register. Tonnage Enregistri. Crew. Equipage. 11,847 993 16,249 1.579 5,976.120 305.046 6.532,881 350,468 236,263 3,963 184,109 5,150 Total 30,668 12,164,515 429,485 DESCRIPTION OF VESSELS— DESCRIPTION DES NAVIRES. Tons Register. Steam — -^ vapeur — Screw — A h^liee Paddle — A aubes Stemwheel — Roue k l*arrifere Sail — A voile — Schooners — Barques Sloops — Go^lettes Barges — Barges Total 10.182,742 1,305,749 20,510 301,884 No. 18. — St.atement showing the Description, Number and Tonnage of Canadian and United States Vessels trading on the Rivers and Lakes between Canada and the United States (exclusive of Ferriage), which Arrived and Departed. N° 18. — T.ABLEAU indiquant le genre, le noinbre et le tonnage des navires canadiens et des Etats- Unis naviguant sur les rivieres et lacs entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis (sans compter les passages d'eau) arrives et partis. Canad ian— Canad iens. United States— Etats-Unis. Total. - Vessels. Navires. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Crew. Equipage. Vessels. Navires. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Crew. Equipage. Vessels. Navires. Tons Register. Tonnage enregistr^. Crew. Equipage. Arrived— Arrives Departed— Partis. 12, 5M 12,840 6,153,819 6,281.166 239,058 240,226 17,646 17,828 5,930,445 5,883,349 195.481 189,259 30.200 30.668 12,084,264 12,164.515 434.539 429,485 Total 25.394 12.434,985 479,284 35,474 11,813,794 384,740 60,868 24,248,779 DOUANES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a a. ■i Q 1 > S='-| :S : 6 si ^1 li g 3 ea«QO -o ■ CO 1 1 i * 1 •a "sSiSsifi^^K ,»^ 120 75 222 249 11.451 7,918 1,035 9 4,699 270 26 1,678 72 10,948 5 312 888 1,660 223 124 1,957 104 sl,|l sss 2,369 214,544 141,240 19,0.53 52 82,, 500 8., 551 2,276 24,255 1,125 1.52,540 42 5,642 29,093 20,710 3,123 2,113 33,616 673 1 1 > 1 < 1 > •< 1 > a £ H t^ i h|' §£ « Hg CMgt^ -OS - 2 oT S 1 •§ > z 3 1 i III ss 5 19.493 899 032 401 9,890 4,494 3,. 545 378 5.325 788 41 287 65 1,658 652 222 249 11,632 11,419 3,048 8 4,674 222 153 1,708 71 10,980 5 312 888 1,698 282 167 2,027 111 If if « t^g 24 330, 134 18,702 5,120 2,762 192,480 48,982 73,867 7,474 37,293 9^292 613 2,870 386 34,059 10,031 2,072 2,369 217,555 201,020 53,786 52 81,768 3,908 10,249 24.793 1.125 1.52,748 42 5,642 29,093 21,213 7,385 2,574 32,601 688 1 -i c - ■ c Is << ■A :Z If £lc <<< : ■ . -Z : o^zffl'^^ ■-X. mz z^ z G c 0 1 C Z 0! Z d 1- c 2 1 Z Z z iff Z| li a; li c i Z 1 5 92 CUSTOMS—SHIPPING REI'OfiT ;S = H > 2 « h| 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 21 S ~3?'~*??^'***'®^ 'S2*2rrS3*:;!2:rS^i'^S«)'^t~o^<^'-'S*^^oc'^ ?4— ' caOiO^ §°- ■ : ; ■ to ■ ►-« : 2 : : -m Z : X 1 1?: o « 9 -C C ft c r Sf(S DOV AN ES— RAPPORT DE LA NAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a — tZ ** — "^ ''s- : ;'3 ^i -^ 00 ■ « :^. S 1 :S o oo r- Mooo ece^ "^ — £»■ -sa S : "!- :S" S . !■- : - ; i ; M^ ! :SSS o 2 "= -=c« o. ^-t; ■^"^ " "" "?^S!.IJ; CUSTOMS— iiH J PPIXa REPORT ■7 — a 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ill g-2 I =•: He §S K H' |l g £1- 3-E I S- (S h I ■=15 § I i3S<-<-ij- — ujOtC-^Ci.Mit^Saoh^.rfr' »-25Z J I ZcP -•'-^. = -.2 5|; ^^^^?^^::^6^'6'^-'iS*'^^ s|i = i'iil'^S'*"^ ;£t:ttrt:t»g ft,ftHt,«t^CH2H&,a,a,&,£&.c^2^2^p,&,£,£,C'C*P^"CiKxxxx±xxxxxxxa DOU AXES—RAPPORT DE LA \ AY WAT ION SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a E^. a-q.; zm „-Z(S ; oZ ^5z., •S'c " s>>S:g:g:SSS^S&^S?&^ t^^ . . " §1 ; : — «3 -S"gsigs--s^§"'- 286 879 1,672 3,766 1,859 7,386 2,887 2,047 385 856 1,789 860 2,770 380 269 - "g : i ;" i ; o M . - C:ggSKg|g2gSg5e :•* 285 823 2,325 2,32S 2,080 6,927 5,920 1,662 736 438 1,811 1,024 909 6 r^Oit~t^aow^r-^Tri.-ooC --h Z J < A c 2 1 < i t 1 < Z 1 < Z < Anchut, N.H Barrington Passage, N S Barton, N.H Bath. Ont Bathurst, N.B Boar Uivcr, N.S ...1. Bclliveau's Cove, N.H. Bolloville, Ont ... Bridgetown, N.S 96 C( SToyfs—SHiPP/xa repokt 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 " r i-^ I il ?l!~£2 ;gS2 ii 'SgfeSS ^I'il u'& §•11 i i 12 g. iSss z».>;| ■?3s5; DOUANES—BAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a ZOf ?a Sz cca - o2 c gX - 5_-x „-aa!3 £31,1 = "z ■ WM , ,^.£Si I =.2 = o O _- M-M So" a >0 a'^ c .S:4aSs:jS3^J3.3sEssssssasEsszzzzzzzz5!2£5Ei2i£(S£S£££!££££i££!S(£iS££B;iSa' 11 n— 7 CI STOMSSllll'/'IXa UEl'OHT &vit 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 3-5 g-a ?§82SBg3 !-5 I i| Ir DOUAXES— RAPPORT DE LA XAVIGATIOX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a s c ^ 11 ■^ s sSisS ■:£ t^ ^. s us -- ^ 1 . 23S2S 5,825 32,712 17,230 3,433 1,907 2 ^^'""'" 2 1 11 It 1 i >- ^ ^ 100 cusroMs—siiii'i'ixa hepout 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 No. 10. — St.vtkmk.nt of \'cs.s<>l.s, Hriti.sli iiml Koreipi, ciiiployod in the CciasliiiK 'I'ladc. clc. — Concluded. X° IS). — T.\Bi.K.\r (Ics vai.-isc:iiix anglais ct <''trangers cniplovrs pour li- cabolauc. vtc. — Fin. RECAPITULATION. Steamers. Vapeurs. Sailing Vessels. Voiliers . ToUl. Total. Vessels. N'avires Tonnage. Tonnage. Crew. Equipage. Vessels. N'avires Tonnage. Tonnage. Crew. Equipage. Vessels. Navires Tonnage. Tonnage. Crew. Equipage. Arrived — Arriv6s British— Britanniques Foreign — Etnmgers 61,859 594 27.711.784 521,771 1,209,243 12,381 13.143 204 2,785,198 50,099 48,798 1,227 75.002 798 30,496,982 571,870 1.258,041 13.608 62,4S3 28,233,555 1.221.624 13.347 2,835,297 50,025 73.800 31,068,852 1,271,649 Departed— Sorlia British— Britannkiues Foreign — Etrangers . . 59,004 434 26,414.821 350.310 1.153.433 8.624 12.859 262 2,660.725 57,950 46.135 1,400 71.863 716 29,075.346 408.260 1,199,588 10,024 59,4SS 26.765.131 1,162,057 13.121 2,718,675 47,555 72,579 29,483.806 1.209,612 DESCRIPTION OF \'ESSELS— DESCRIPTION DES VAISSEAUX. Arrived— .\rrivfs. Departed— Sort is. Total. ■ — Vessels. Navires. Tonnage. Tonnage. Vessels. Navires. Tonnage. Tonnage. Vessels. NaWres. Tonngae. Tonnage. steamers — Vapeurs — ■Screw — Hfelice Paddle-Aubes. Stemwheel — Roue & 1 'arriere 56,922 3.737 1,794 23(963,228 3,323,107 947,220 34,334 3,323 1,801 22,721,342 3,096,182 947,607 111.256 7.060 3.595 46.6M.370 6,419,289 1, 894.827 Total 62,453 28,233.333 59.438 26,765.131 121.911 54,998.686 Sailing vessels— \'oilier9 — 3 3 2 3,8S4 2.712 401 1 6 1.603 6,665 920 632'lll 7,218 2,070,158 4 9 4 19.090 356 7,005 5.487 9.377 1.321 9.625 174 3,540 646,828 10,820 2,170,652 9.463 1S2 3.463 1,278.939 18,033 4,240,810 13,347 2,835.297 I3.I21I 2.718,673 26,468 5.553,972 75.800 31,068.852 72, 379|29, 483,806 148.379 60,552,638 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH FOR THE Fiscal Year ending March 31, 1920 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMEXT OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1}21 [No. 12—1921] To His Excellency the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., P.C., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., etc., etc.. Governor General and Commander in Chief of the Dom,inion of Canada. JIav it please Your Excellency: I have the honour to submit herewith for the information of Your Excellency and the Parliament of Canada, the Annual Report of tlie Department of Health, being for thf vear ended Mai-ch 31, 1920. I hiive the honour tu bu, sir, Your Excellency s nmsl citic-dient servant, J. A. CALUER, Minister of Ileallh. l; GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 CONTENTS Page. 1. Quarantine Service o 2. Immig-ration Medical Service T 3. Food and Druff Laboratories 1" 4. Opium and Narcotic Drugs 16 5. Proprietary or Patent Medicines 1<> 6. Marine Hospitals' Service 17 7. Venereal Disease Control 18 8. Publicity and Statistics 19 9. Financial Statement 20 10. Child Welfare 22 11. Housing 22 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 REPORT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1920 Ottawa, December 17, 1920. Honourable J. A. Calder, Minister of Health, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to reiwrt on the Department of Health for the year ending ilarch 31, 1920, under the following headings: — 1. Quarantine Service. 2. Immigration Medical Service. 3. Food and Drug Laboratories. 4. Opium and Narcotic Drugs. 5. Proprietary or Patent Medicines. 6. Marine Hospitals' Service. 7. Venereal Disease Control. 8. Publicity and Statistics. 9. Financial Statement. 10. Child WeMare. 11. Housing. (1) QUARAXTIXE SERVICE This branch of the public service was transferred from the Department of Immi- gration and Colonization to the Department of Health on September 1, 1915. During the year 1919-20, the following Quarantine Stations were kept in operation : — Atlaiitic Coast. — Halifax, North Sydney and Louisburg, in the province of Nova Scotia; Chatham and St. John, in the province of New Brunswick; Charlottetown, in the province of Prince Edward Island; and Grosse Isle, in the province of Quebec. Pacific Coast. — -William Head, Victoria, B.C. The total number od: vessels inspected during the year was 1,916, and the number of persons examined 560,123. In the year 191S-19, 1,450 vessels were inspected and 277,910 persons examined. During the year none of the graver qiiarantinable diseases were found at the various Quarantine Stations, with the exception of smallpox, of which there was one case at Chatham, one at Charlottetown, and two at William Head. The following is a summary of the reports received from the medical officers at the different Quarantine Stations, giving the number of vessels inspected, passengers examined, diseases treated, detentions, etc. 6 nEi'ARTMF.yr of iikmtii 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 At Halifax, 481 vessels were .inspected and 277,874 persons examined. Of these 25,333 were cabin passengers, 18,830 second-class, 179,874 steerage, and 53,778 crew. Twenty-seven eases were admitted to hospital and 15 coTitacts were detained. The diseases found were measles, la grippe, mumps, chickenpox, diphtheria and para- t>T)hoid. At North Sydney, 255 vessels were inspected and 9,431 persons examined. Xo quarantinable disease was found. At Louisburg, 82 vessels were inspected and 4,.391 persons wore examined. No quarantinable disease was found. At St. John, 228 vessels were inspected and 60,130 persons were examined, of which 7,901 were cabin passengers; 7,952 intermediate, 25,187 steerage, 9 cattlemen, 26 stowaways, 22 distressed seamen, 50 deckers and 18,983 crew. Thirty -si.x patients were admitted to hospital and 16 contacts detained. The diseases found were typhoid, diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, influenza and chickenpox. One death occurred from measles. At Chatham, 30 ships were examined and 610 persons. One case of smallpox was detained, the crew vaccinated and the steamer quarantined. No other quaran- tinable disease was found. At Charlottetown three vessels were inspected. One case of snwllpox was discovered which was taken to the quarantine hosfisital. The ship was quarantined till the man was discharged. At Grosse Isle, 363 vessels were inspected and 141,260 persons examined, including 4,218 cabin passengers, 30,071 intermediate, 70,633 steerage, 36,2S6 crew, 21 cattlemen, and 31 stowaways. There were 208 admissions to hospital, including mumps, influ- enza, scarlet fever, variola, measles, diphtheria, dysentry, enteric fever and pneu- monia. Hundreds were vaccinated. At William Head, 174 ships were inspected and 55,977 persons examined, including 9,375 cabin pass€ngei"s, 19,091 steerage and intermediate, 24,401 crew, 16 stowaways, and 3,094 troops. Three ships were quarantined, one for smallpo.x and two for influenza. The admissions to hospital (28) were for influenza, pneumonia, smallpox, measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever and mumps. There were four death'* during the year, two from smallpox and two from influenza. Leper Lazaretto, Tracadie, N.B. — At the end of March, 1920, there remained 13 patients at this Lazaretto, seven males and six females. Ihiring the year two were admitted, one from Tracadie, the other Lameque, N.B. Two deaths occurred — both were in the last stages of the disease. Of the 13 patients remaining under treatment, 11 are French Canadian, one Icelandic and one Russian. Leper Lazaretto, D'Arcy Island, B.C. — During the year, four lepers, all Chinese, were treated at this Lazaretto. One had so improved under the gynocardate treat- ment that he was released as cured on the 10th November, 1919, after all bacterio- logical tests had proved negative. PUBLIC WORKS HE.\LTH ACT The reports from the inspectors are to the effect that the medical services, sleeping quarters and board given to the men employed on the various works are quite satisfactory. The department is informed that the general good healtih of the men and the excellent sanitar.v condition of the various camps are evidence of the intention oi the contractors to comply with the regulations of the Public Works Health Act. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY lliyiSTER 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 (2) IIIMIGKATIOX .AtBDICAL SERVICE This branch of the public service was tra-neferred from the Department of Immi- gration and Colonization to the Department of Health on September 1, 1919. The immigration quarters at tihe various ocean ports, which were taken over by the military authorities during the war, were utilized during the present year by the Clearing Depot Services in connection with the general demobilization of ex-service men returning to tbis country with their dependents. As a consequence, the pre-war facilities for medical examination of immigrants not having been restored, that examination was, perhaps, not as satisfactory as it might otherwise have been. Apart from this, the unavoidable mingling of immigrants and soldiers contributed, in no small deg'ree, to this somewhat unsatisfactory state oi affairs. Since the termination of the war a considerable increase in the number of immi- grants has become very apparent, this being especially true in regard to British immigration. While the Departmnt of Health has not, as yet, had sufficient time to define and adopt a policy which will meet a long-felt want for more adequate means for the inspection of immigrants, it has, nevertheless, been able to secure the a.pointment of a few full-time medical officers at the ports of St. John and Halifax in lieu of those who were only part-time officers before the war. This innovation was made in the fall of 1919. and as the new appointees lacked training, the results from these few months could not be expected to be very appreciable. From what has been observed, however, this new policy is rather encouraging. Statement showing number of immigrants inspected at tihe Atlantic and Pacific ports during the year 1919-20: — Atlantic — New York, Boston and Portland 4.019 St. John , .. I3i453. North Sydney 414 Halifax 11.161 Quebec 37.125 Total 66,172 Pa ■^ ^ « - o tO-.N s '^ S3 " " « 2 I ■« Q« 10 DEPARTMnyr of nEALTn 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 STATEMENT OF DEPORTATIONS FOR MEDICAL CAUSES, AFTER ADMISSION TO CANADA, AT OCEAN PORTS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1919-20. Causes. Halifax Montreal NewYork Portland St. John Van- couver Victoria Total 1 1 5 14 1 1 I 32 1 2 6 1 14 2 3 1 67 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 Total 1 36 15 3 26 3 1 85 Summary of Deportations .\t Ocean" Ports Halifax Montreal New York Portland St. John Vancouver Victoria Total deportations. (.5) POOD AND DRUG LABORATORY This branch of the service -was originated in 1884. under the Department of Inland Revenue, b.y the appointment of the late W. H. Sugden Evans as Chief Analyst. In September, 1918, the branch was transferred to the Department of Trade and Commerce, and on September 1, 1919, to the Department of Health. The present is therefore the first report of work done under tlie a^gis of the Department of Health. The organization of this branch involves central laboratories at Ottawa with a technical staff (normal) of thirteen permanent employees, and three siib-laboratories, situated at Halifax, Winnipeg and Vancouver, each staffed by an analyst in charge and one assistant. It is hojwd that provision "will be made during the coming year for a fourth sub-laboratory at Montreal. Occasional assistance in routine work is saipplied. The sub-laboratories have proved themselves of value, not only in reducing the work which has heretofore been done at Ottawa, but in enabling work to be per- formed and reported upon with greater promptitude. This is particularly of impor- tance where consignments of imported goods are held up for examination as a •Jondition of delivery. REPORT OF THE DEPLTT MINISTER 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 The analyst in charge at Halifax reports work done during the year as follows. I may state that this sub-laboratory has been in commission since December, 1914: — " According to the usual custom I submit herewith a detailed statement of work done, etc., in this sub-laboratory during the fiscal year ending March 31, 1920. No. Samples Number Description Date Received Reported Reported 12 Apr. 9, 1919 35 May 19 20 20 22 22 4 39 " 16 4 " 26 39 " 26 38 38 25 Aug. 13 25 " 13 62 62 15 Nov. 12 15 Dec. 12 115 115 " 12 7 " 18 56 56 Jan. 21, 1920 75 " 23 70 70 White pepper " 23 13 561 595 66 66 Special samples analyzed.— 26 Alcohol tests in beer, etc. 10 Customs export and imports — 7 Beans. 1 Sardines. 2 Export beer. 12 Butter, for Dept. of Agriculture. 6 Wood-pulp. 3 Oil shale. 3 Kpsom salts. 2 Water. 1 Fertilizer. 1 Propeller bronze. 1 Oil. 627 661 SUMMARY. Total number of samples received 627 '* " reported 661 Work on hand March 31, 1920 13 Fees collected for analysis of special samples above mentioned S 136 00 Number of prosecutions ordered 37 Sweet spirits of nitre 2 Butter 2 Maple butter 6 Pepper 19 Registered stock feed 1 Baking powder 7 Number of prosecutions completed 1-t "^ _" lost 0 still pending 23 Fines collected and deposited S 235 00 Costs " " 141 00 Total revenue from fines and costs 376 00 Total receipts $ 512 00 (Sgd.) G. C. Forward Analyst in Charge 12 DEPARTMEyr OF HEALTH 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The analyst in charge at Winnipeg reports as below. This sub-laboratory has been in commiseion since April, 1915 : — "I beg to report as follows for the "Wiimiijcg laboratory during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1920. The work repotted is as follows: — INSPECTORS' SAMPLES Fertilizers Olive oil Spirit of nitrous ether. Maple butter Flour Seidlitz powders. Maple syrup. . . . Gluten flour. . . Packaged currants. Malted liquors . . . . Butter Registered stock feeds Shorts Baking powders. . . . White pepper Black pepper Egg albumen Inspectors' samples. OCCASIONAL, SAMPLES Samples submitted for alcohol determinations. Samples from shipments in Customs Bonds — Beans Evaporated apples Samples submitted by Department of Agriculture- Butter Canned peas Vinegar Water Milk Cream . . . . Glauber salts Marmalade. . Rum Gophericide. . Occasional samples . Inspectors' samples . 205 495 Total samples. During the year a shipment of Chinese egg albumen was stopped in transit and ordered shipped out of Canada as the product was found to contain large excess of zinc. Seizures were made of several small stocks of cottonseed oil being sold as pure olive oil. A shipment of some 5,600 pounds of " maple syrup " was seized and declared forfeited to the Crown, the product being found not to be pure maple syrup. (Sgd.) E. L. C. PORSTER, Analyst in Charge. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY illXISTER 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ifr. J. A. Dawson, analyst in charge at Vancouver, which sub-kboratory has been in commission since February, 1915, reports as follows: — • I submit herewith statement of samples examined during the fiscal year 1919-20: — Date Reported Description J.A.D. W.H.H Total April 7, 1919 Glutten flour 2 11 2 24 11 9 .. ..9 10 10 22 12 2 53 60 78 139 10 10 25 22 30 • 12 July 9 2 Sept. 3 20 33 17 20 13 33 18 17 Oct. 22 Butter 53 Nov. 7 Beer 25 25 Dec. 11 60 Feb. 11. 1920 78 Mar. 23 58 58 27 139 162 404 399 203 561 607 566 602 SPECIAL SAJIPLES Alcohol Apples, evaporated . Arsenic in meat . . Beans Beer Bran Biitter Coffee Corn, canned . . . . Egg. dried albumen " yolk. . " " whole. . Epsom salts Face cream Feed, stock Fertilizer Fish meal Fish paste Maple butter. ... " flavouring. . sugar " syrup Marshmallow paste. Mili^, evaporated.. Milk, whole Oil, salad Oilcake Soup, canned Sugar Vanilla extract.. .. Wlhisky Wine Total . Sodium hydroxide solution supplied 2 Winchesters (Sgd.) J. A. D.4WS0N, Analyst in Charge. The work done in this b'ranch falls naturally under two beads which may be designated as police work and investigatory work. Most of the work done at the sub-laboratovies is of the first-named order, and is concerned with supplying the evidence necessary for conviction in violations of the various Acts administered by this Q'.-partment. The investigatory work is of no less importance, and has for its object the accumulation of such information regarding the nature of specific classes of foods, drugs, fertilizers, etc.. as may enable standards to be defined, and limits of variation to be fixed, in accordance with tbe requirements of these Acts. Owing to the limitations of staff at the sub-laboratories, and to the necessity for immediate supervision by the chief analyst, this class of work has been mainly carried out at the central Liboratories at Ottawa. 14 nEi'.iRrMi:xT of health 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 On occasion, however, some work of this character has been performed at the sub-laboraiories and I would refer in illustration to the excellent report of Mr. Dawson (Vancouver) upon lard and lard substitutes, published as Bulletin Xo. 414. I may here draw attention to the recognized advantages of specific standards for foods, provision for such standardization being made by section 26 of the Adulteration Act. AVhen an article is offered as milk, butter, pepper, flour, vin^ar, etc., the purchaser should know that such article possesses a certain food value, is, in other words, a standard article of its kind. It may not be the very best of its kind, but it must not fall below a certain fijced minimum value designated as the legally estab- lished standard. It is unnecessary to describe it as pure or genuine, because the mere fact that it meets standard requirements makes it pure and genuine, in a legal sense. Conversely, if in any respect it fails to meet the established standard, this fact is smfficient to condemn it as adulterated, in the sense in which this term is used in the Act. The practical value of standardization is seen when we come before the courts of law. Thus an article sold as milk must contain at least 3.25 per cent milk fat. It it not sufficient that the material in question has been produced by a cow to consti- tute it a legall.v vendable milk. There are doubtless many cows which at certain periods of the year and under certain conditions of age, time elapsed since calving, general health and individual idiosyncracy, yield a milk of less than 3-25 per cent fat. In one sense this product may be regarded as milk, but in the legal sense, it is not milk, i.e., not standard milk, and, if offered as such is open to penalization under the Act, .iust as tinily as though it had been skimmed or watered. Did no legal standard exist as a guide to the analyst in liis decision, and the court in its findings, it is easy to conceive that almost endless litigation might be involved in every case of prosecution for adulterated milk. There is another aspect of the matter, namely, the temptation of the producer to work down to the legal standard, and thus to make market samples no better than the legal standard demands. This phase of the question need not be discussed here further than to s-a.v that, as a matter of fact, the tendency to place on the market foods which, while they meet our standards, are as close to those standards as the law allows, must be acknowledged as governing production. For example, we forbid the presence of more than 16 per cent of water in butter, and inspection of the article proves that manufacturers place on the market very little butter containing notably less than 16 per cent of water, although some years ago a great deal of market butter contained no more than 8 to 12 per cent and occasional samples of farm-made butter are found to-da.T to contain no more than this. The advantages of standardization are, however, so greatly in excess of its disadvantages, if such actually exist, that justification for legal standards is acknowledged. It is always within the power of the producer of a super-standard article to describe it in such a way as to claim for it any superiority actually possessed by it. Standards have been fixed for a great number of the most important food species; and these standards will continue to be improved and made more definite by revision as our knowledge of the saibject increases. It is, of course, very important that, in the fixation of standards, the numerical constants accepted, shall not be such as to exclude from commerce any really valuable material, or to hamper production unnecessarily. Such action would tend unduly to raise the cost of living. The only article investigated during the past year, with a view to standardiza- tion, and in regard to which our work justifies finality, is cloves, defined by Order in Council of Miiy 12, 1919. A reason for the limited amount of investigatory work performed during the year is found in the fact that three analysts left the employ of the department, for REPORT OF TBE DEPUTY J//.Y/Sr£7? SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 lusher salaries offeretl them by private employers, and a fourth was absent from October, 1919, being granted leave,, without salary, that he might carry out investi- gation as a post-graduate student, at the University of Toronto. It has been found impossible to fill existing vacancies with properly qualified men, at the salaries offered by the Civil Service Commission. An important change in the inspectoral staff has been made during this year. Heretofore the work of inspection has been performed by men whose chief official duties were of another kind, related to the excise or to the preventive service. During this year, eleven out of a nominal staff of twenty-five inspectoral districts have been placed in charge of inspectors who give their whole time to this duty; and it is hoped that similar replacements by full-time men will be made in the remaining districts. The work done at Ottawa during the fiscal year now reported comprises the following-: — OCCASIOXAL, SAMPLES Acetaldthyde Acid Ale Alcohol Aspirin Bacon Baking powder. . . . Beans Beer Butter Cake Calcium carbide. . . . Castor oil Cheese Chocolate cake . . . . Coffee Colouringr matter. . . Confectionery Cocoa Coca cola Crabapple oil Cream Cream of tartar. . . . Crotonaldehyde. . .. Currants Disinfectant Dubbin Dutch cleanser. . . . Enamels Evaporated egg . . . . Fertilizers Flavouring extracts. Floor wax Flour Gasolene Ginger Honey Ink Izal Jam Lime-juice Linseed oil Liquors Maple butter Maple sugar H Maple syrup 1" Milk 6S Milk powder 1 Molasses 1 Mustard "> Oil -i> Oilcloth - Olive oil 25 Oysters 1 Paraldehyde 1 Paint 25 Patent medicines 36 Peanut butter 1 Peas S Pepper 3 Pepper shells 1 Poppy seed 1 Preservative 1 Rennet 1 Salad oil 4 Salmon 2^ Salt 1 Screenings 3 Sewage 10 Snuff 1 Soap 25 Stock feed 21 Sugar 11 Sweet oil 1 Tags 2 Tar 1 Turpentine 1 Urine 2 Vanilla extract 7 Varnish 8 Vinegar 2 ■Water 12 Weed seeds 1 Wine 2 Total 1.275 DEPAIiTMKST OF HEALTH 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 A critical exaniinatioa of labels to tlie number of 205 lias been made and reported. The following reports have been issued in bulletin form: — No. of BuIIttin 427 42S 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 43t; 437 43S BUL.UETINB ISSUED Nature Clove, Whole and Ground Chop Feed Lime-Juice Linseed Oil and Substitutee Sweet Spirits of Nitre Turpentine as a Paint Material Seidlitz Po'.vders Diabetic Foods Currants Butter Beer Reeistered Stock Food Number of Samples 219 120 60 144 184 118 198 28 111 302 153 Total. Prosecutions instituted number "239. Xature of samples :- Baking power. . . Butter Chocolate cake . . Chop feed Coffee Cream of tarter. Currants Evaporated milk. Fertilizers Lime-juice Maple butter. . . . Maple sugar. . . . Maple syrup . . . . Milk Mustard Olive oil Pepper Kegistered feed Salad oil Seidlitz power Sweet spirits of nitre. Table sugar Total . (4) OPIUM AXD XARCOTIC DRUGS On December 31, 1919, Chapter 25, entitled " An Act to Amend the Opium and Drug Act," 10 Georg-e V, was brought into force by proclamation of the Governor in Council, published in the issue of the Canada Gazette of the aforementioned date. This Act superseded Orders in Council P.C. 1011' and P.C. 1012, under the authority of which the Department of Trade and Commerce administered the licensing of the imports and exiwrts of narcotics up to December .31, ISW. On February 26, 1920, Order in Council Xo, P.C, 4.33 was passed, placing the administration of the Oinum and Xarcotic Drug Act, Chapter 17, 1-2, George V, under the control and supervision of the Department of Health. Prior to this date, the Opium and Drug Act was not under the supervision of any one department. On February 26, 1920, Order in Council P.C. 4.34 was passed adding to the schedule of the Opium and Drug Act, after the word " Opium," — " or its preparations, or any opium alkaloids, or their derivatives; or any salts or preparations or opium alkaloids or their derivatives." This branch was only established on the 1st January, 1920, and its operations were very limited during the first three months of its existence. (5) PROPRIETARY OR PATEXT IIEDICIXTIS At the commencement of the -fiscal year April 1, 1919, this branch, under the control of the Department of Trade and Commerce, was administering the Proprie- tary or Patent Medicine Act of 1908, the Agricultural Fertilizers Act of 1909, and the Commorcial Feeding Stuffs Act of 1909. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 The fundameutal principle of the Proprietary or Patent Medicine Act of 1908 was to control the proportions of deleterious drugs in proprietary or patent medicines, or require tlie manufacturers to declare the presence of such drugs upon the labels and wrappers. The drugs referred to were enumerated in the schedule to the law. The object of the Agricultural Fertilizers Act of 1909 and the Commercial Feeding Stuffs Act of 1909 was to require the manufacturers to place upon the packages, or tags attached thereto, the fertilizing value of his fertilizer, and the feeding value of his feeding stuff in terms prescribed by these Acts. The two first-named laws were revised !by amendments which became operative on the 7th July, 1919, and the 1st June, 1920, respectively. A few of the important changes included in the new Proprietary or Patent ^Medicine Act affecting medicines subject to its provisions, are as follows: — 1. A separate registration number, the fee for which is $2, mnst be procured for each internal and external medicine, and an annual license obtained at the rate of $1' per preparation. 2. The use of opium, or any of its derivatives, is forbidden in internal medicines. 3. The proportions of scheduled drugs contained in each medicine per maximum dose must be furnished the department under affidavit, and also printed on the labels and wrappers. 4. Preparations must not be represented as " cures ;" and misleading and exag- gerated avertisements are prohibited. 5. An advisory board was established for the purpose of fijcing the single and daily doses of schedtiled drugs, and deciding the medication of preparations con- taining alcohol in excess of 2iJ per cent. The amended Fertilizers Act increased the license fee to $8, $16, or $24 per brand, according as the fertilizer contains one, two, or three of the following ingredients, that is to say, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. The Act of 1908 required that only a single license fee of $5 be paid annually, in order to procure a license authorizing the sale of all brands registered by a manufacturer or his agent. This branch was taken over !by the Department of Health on the 1st September, 1919. (6) MARINE HOSPITALS SERVICE This branch of the public service was heretofore administered by the Depart- ment of ilarine, and was transferred to the Dei>artment of Health on the 1st November, 1919. Under the provisions of Chapter 113, Canada Shipping Act, Part V (Sick and Distressed Mariners), dues of li cent per ton, registered tonnage, are levied on every vessel entering any port in the provinces of Quebec, Xew Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and British Columbia. Vessels of a burden of 100 tons or less pay dues once in each calendar year ; those of more than 100 tons, registered tonnage, pay three times in each calendar year. The officers and seamen of all fishing vessels not registered in Canada do not pay dues, nor participate in the benefits accruing therefrom, but such vessels regis- tered in Canada may pay dues and participate in the benefits. The Act does not apply to Ontario, therefore no sick mariners' dues are collected from that province. In consideration of the payment of these dues, sick and distressed mariners belonging to vessels on which said duty has been paid are entitled to gi'atuitous treatment. The expenditure for such treatment is defrayed out of the appropriation voted by Parliament for that purpose. 18 DEPARTMEXT OF BEALTB 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Quebec. — In tlie province of Quiil>t'(' sick uiiirincrs are treated at the following places : — Quebec. — Jeffrey Hale and Hotel-Dieu hospitals. Montreal. — Montreal General and Notre Dame lidspitnls; cdntapriovis diseases at Alexandra and St. Paul's hospitals. Three Kivers. — 'St. Joseph's hospital. Chicoutinii. — Hotel-Dieu St Valier. ilurray Bay. — St. Joseph hospital. Sorel. — General hospital. St. Johns. — St. John hospital. Nova Scotia. — Marine hospitals are maintained at Louisburg, Lunenburg, and Sydney. Halifax. — Seamen are treated at the Victoria General hospital ; contagious diseases are treated at the City Health Board hospital. Pictou. — Pictou Cottage hospital. North Sydney. — Hamilton Memorial hospital. New Glasgow. — Aberdeen hospital. Antigonish. — St. Martha's hospital. Windsor. — Payzant Memorial hospital. Amherst. — Highland View hospital. Yarmouth. — Yarmouth hospital. Springhill. — Springhill Cottage hospital. New Brunswick. — A Marine hosi)ital is maintained at Douglastown. St. John. — Seamen are treated at the General Public hospital; contagious diseases are treated at the City Health Board hospital. Moncton. — Moncton hospital. Campbellton. — Hotel Dieu hospital. Bathurst. — James Dunn hospital. St. Stephens.- — Chipman Memorial hospital. Prince Edward. Island. — Charlottetown. — Charlottetown hospital; Prince Edward Island hospital. Summerside. — Prince County hospital. Briiish Columhia. — Victoria. — St. Joseph's hospital. Vancouver. — St. Paul's hospital. Prince Rupert. — Prince Eupert General hospital. New Westminster.- — -St. Mary's hospital. Nanaimo. — Nanaimo hospital. Ladysmith. — Ladysmith hospital. Chemanius. — ^Ohemanius hospital. Union Bay. — Cumberland hospital. Where there is no marine or designated hospital, the collector of customs makes best provisions possible for the treatment of sick mariners, at private or public boarding houses. The total amount of sick mariners dues collected for the fiscal year 1919-20 was of $78,227.04. The total number of vessels which paid dues during the year was 3,027, and the number of seamen on these vessels was 71,778. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 The following statement shows the number of seamen treated, the number of days of hospital treatment and the expenditure 'by provi-nces : — Province Number of seamen Days treat- ment Expend- iture 1,010 415 55 623 449 11,018 4,264 516 6,797 5,189 S 39 634 6S 15,853 11 1,717 62 17,743 15 12,590 50 1,347 30 2,552 27,784 88,886 36 (7) VEira:REAL DISEASE CONTEOL The sum of $200,000 was ^-anted by the Dominion Government for combatting- venereal diseases in co-operation with the provinces. Of this amount, $10,000 was to be granted to the National Council for Combat- ting Venereal Diseases, and $10,000 was retained for carrying on the work of this department. The balance was to be divided among the provinces, in proportion to the popu- lation, and it was agreed, b.y the representatives of the provinces at the meeting of the Dominion Council of Health, held in Ottawa in October, that the provincial grants should be distributed in two half payments; the first to be given on the appli- cation of the interested province on its assurance that at least an equal amount of the province's money would be spent on the work ; the second to be given six months after the first, and when the Department of Health is satisfied that real substantial work has been done. The following agreement was entered into by the provinces accepting the grant : — 1. Establishment of clinics with specialist physicians in charge of treatment; with suflScient assistants to carry on the work efiiciently and gratis to the patients. 2. Hospital beds for indoor patients; all treatment gratis. 3. Diagnostic laboratories for venereal disease work. 4. Efficient treatment for inmates of jails and places of detention. 5. A specialist in venereal disease diagnosis, treatment and propaganda to carry out the veneral disease work of the provinces. Grants were made as follows : — Alberta $ 5,989 81 Ontario 28,736 84 Nova Scotia 5,286 93 Sasliatchewan 7,680 82 Manitoba 6,305 60 New Brunswick 3,758 92 British Columbia 7,314 10 Quebec 23,694 40 National Council for Combating V.D 5,000 00 Total $93,767 42 (8) PUBLICITY AM) STATISTICS Lihrary. — Some 3,000 books were transferred from the Commission of Conserva- tion to this department, -which were sorted out and placed in order so that they might be referred to as desired. Considerable time was then spent in going over catalogues and referring to other departmental libraries for the purpose of ascer- taining what books were available to bring the library up to as satisfactory a comple- tion as possible. 20 DKI'ARTMEXT OF HEALTH 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Mailing Lids. — As one of the most important items of the work of this branch would be the dissemination of publicity and statistics gathered together by this branch, considerable time and effort were spent in the getting together of up-to-date mailing lists covering the medical profession, dentists, veterinary surgeons, drug- gists, both wholesale and retail, women's institutes, in fact all branches of the public that would be interested in the information it was expected would be distributed. Plans were made and the matter very thoroughly gone into for the starting of a monthly bulletin, which would be distributed throughout Canada, showing the various activities not only of this department, but the provincial and municipal branches of public health. The Canadian Asociation for the Prevention of Tuberculosis was asisted in the getting out of a reprint of a book covering "Tuberculosis, its Cure and Prevention"; and a large number of these were distributed individually, as well as quantities sent out to the different provinces and other associations in bulk. The matter of publications, which it would, in all probability, be necessary to issue, was carefully considered^ and while no publications were actually gotten out, preliminary details necessary before such issues could be printed were gotten together. Arrangements were made whereby morbidity and mortality statistics would be obtained reg^ilarly from the different provinces, as well as the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, which data it was intended should be distributed in such a way as to permit of comparisons being made between the various sections of the Dominion. (9) STATEMENT OF APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTS FOR FISCAL "iTEAR 1919-20. No. of Vote. Appropria- tion. Expendi- ture. Balance Unexpended 54 330 330 418 418 2251 498/ War 522 Quarantine, lazarettoes and Public Works Health Act Adulteration of food, etc Proprietarj' or patent medicines Salary of deputy minister •Salaries of stafif and contingencies Marine hospitals Housing (from November 1, 1919) For combatting venereal diseases $ cts. 241,000 00 70,000 00 3,000 00 6,000 00 60,000 00 97,500 00 8,000 00 200,000 00 $ cts. 222,505 78 42,001 77' 2,985 42 4,290 32 26,802 54 88,886 36 6,022 29 93,767 42 487,261 90 S cts. 18,494 22 27,998 23 14 58 1,709 68 33,197 46 8,613 64 1,977 71 106,232 58 *The officials transferred to the Department of Health, paid from Civil Government Salaries, were paid by the department from which they were transferred to March 31, 1920. STATEMENT OF REVENUE COLLECTED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1920. Sen-ice. Total Revenue. Refunds. Net Revenue. S cts. 11,492 57 758 00 10,389 00 4,302 00 78,686 01 2,034 80 $ cts. 28 42 S cts. 11,464 15 758 00 C. Fertilizers 10,389 00 18 00 458 97 4,284 00 78,227 04 2,034 80 107, 662 38 505 39 107,156 99 UKl'Oh'T OF THE DEPITT MiyiSTKIi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 "A" Adulteration of Food Re^-enie for 1919-20. — Analysis. Fines and Forfeitures. Costs. Total. Nova Scotia.. N'ew Brunswick Pnnce Edward Island Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan $ cts. 149 00 .■?! 00 10 on 105 :'• ■2.I0S 00 1S9 00 29 00 S cts. 585 00 150 00 50 00 3.439 75 1.117 00 485 00 60 00 235 00 725 00 S cts. 249 20 56 00 18 00 605 00 497 95 198 00 24 00 12 00 241 00 $ cts. 983 20 237 00 78 00 4.150 00 3,772 95 872 00 113 00 247 00 British rolumbia.. 70 00 1,036 00 2,741 25 6,846 75 25 00 1,901 15 11,489 15 25 00 2.741 25 6,821 75 1,901 15 11,464 15 "B" Feeding Stuffs Revenue for 1919-20. . — Licenses. Brands. Total. S cts. $ cts. S cts. Nova Scotia. 5 00 5 00 Quebec 30 00 4 00- 34 00 Ontario 295 00 196 00 491 00 Manitoba, - 45 00 4 00 49 00 Saskatchewan.. 10 00 4 00 14 00 Alberta 20 00 4 00 24 00 British Columbia .5.1 00 14 00 69 00 Foreign 70 00 2 00 72 00 Total 530 00 22s 00 758 00 "C" Fertilizers Revenue for 1919-20. — Licenses. Brands. Total. Xova Scotia Xew Brunswick. Quebec Ontario .Manitoba. $ cts. 1,173 00 776 00 712 00 2.608 00 12s 00 144 00 320 00 , 3,936 00 $ cts. 86 00 16 00 52 00 174 00 2 00 S cts. 1,259 00 792 00 764 00 2.782 00 130 00 144 00 British Columbia Foreign '. 18 66 244 00 338 00 4,180 00 Total 1 9,797 00 592 00 10,389 00 22 Di:i'M{TMi:\T or iikalte 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 'D." Patent Medicines Revenue run 1919-20. — Certifi- cates. Registra- tion Fees. License Fees. Total. % cts. 14 00 9 00 S . cts. 32 00 42 00 2 00 600 00 1,202 00 32 00 4 00 .36 00 38 00 632 00 S cts. 16 00 21 00 1 00 300 00 601 00 16 00 2 00 20 00 19 00 316 00 S cts. 62 00 72 00 3 00 88 OO 182 05 10 00 2 00 4 00 14 00 46 95 988 00 1 985 05 58 00 8 00 Alberta 60 00 71 00 994 95 370 00 2,620 00 12 00 1,312 00 6 00 4,302 00 18 00 Net total 370 00 2,608 00 1,306 00 4,284 00 'E." Sick M.\riners' Dues Collections fob 1919-20. Province. Total Revenue. Refunds. Net Revenue. Nova Scotia $ cts. 22,818 .32 14,395 63 186 13 26,444 94 14,840 99 $ cts. 276 32 $ cts. 22,542 00 14,395 63 186 13 66 57 116 08 26,378 37 14,724 91 78,686 01 458 97 78,227 04 (10) CHILD WELFAEE The lyjpoiiitmout of Chiff of the Division of Child Welfare in the Department of Health was announced by the Civil Service Commission on Saturday, April 10. There is, therefore, not any report pf the Division of Child Welfare for the official year ending March 31, 1920. (11) HOUSING The administration of the Housing Project under the constitution of the Housing Committee of the Cabinet was transferred by Order in Council P.C. 2204 to the Department of Health as of date November 1, 1M9. The activities of the branch at this .date were as follows: — Preparing standards and recommendations in connection with provincial housing schemes and considering modifications from time to time. Preparing draft schemes and amendments thereof for Provincial Governments, schemes and considering modifications from time to time. Preparing draft schemes and amendments thereof for provincial Governments. Considering and discussing amendments proposed by provincial officials re schemes. Advising regarding details and administration. Reporting with regard to compliance of schemes with federal requirements after study of schemes. Conferring with Provincial Governments, municipalities with provincial consent, regarding local application of Government loan and standards. Preparing model plans and for that purpose studying plans in other countries, and collecting data re materials, standardization, ventilation, sanitation, costs, etc. Advising regarding planning of sites so as to secure economy in local improve- ments and housing. REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY illXIfiTER 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 'Oolleetiiig data rt'gardiiig oxistiiig housing conditions as to shortage, increase of costs and rentals, and methods of reducing costs and rentals. Preparing comparative information regarding methods of standardization, costs of construction, town planning procedure, etc. Preparing reports from time to time and dealing with extensive correspondence. Collecting data and advising regarding schemes of reconstruction of slum areas. Co-operating with the various departments in removing causes of bad housing- conditions and effecting remedies where such conditions already exist, having regard to the importance of housing and its connection with industries and transportation in town planning schemes. The following is a brief summary of what has been ncromiilishcd under the tenii.- of the Federal Loan in the provinces of the Dominion. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Act passed but no general hoaising scheme prepared. According to the Act a soldier, or the widow or the widowed mother of a soldier, may be advanced 90 per cent of the value of the house, land and improvements, where land is owned by the housing commission. Civilians must purchase land from the comniusion and are advanced 90 per cent of the value of house and improve- ments. In general a municipality is required to deposit debentures with provinces as security, and may also be required to assign to the provinces securities obtained from owners of land. NOVA SCOTIA Act passed and Federal conditions complied with. Soldier, widow or widowed mother may be advanced 100 per cent of the value of house, land and improvements, where the land has been acquired by a bousing commission. Civilians must purcha.se the land (or advance 10 per cent of the value of house, land and improvements) from commission. Municipality deposiits debentures with provinces without limiting borrowing powers. Several towns have appointed housing commissions and it is expected that there will be at least one hundred bouses commenced this spring. NEW BRUNSWICK Act passed and Federal conditions complied with. The Act mentions " particu- larly returned soldiers." Municipality provides security without limiting borrowing powers. Some fifty hoiLses (all frame without heating) have been built in New Brunswick under the Act. QUEBEC Act passed and Federal conditions complied with. Preamble to Act states " particularly for returned soldiers and workmen of town." Municipality arranges for loan without limiting its borrowing powers. The Director of Housing in Quebec has laid down the principle that garden suburbs are to be developed in the neighbourhood of chief industrial centres. It is understood that altogether some twenty houses are now completed or in course of erection. There is, however, a large programme for the development of garden suburbs in the near future. Amendments to the General Housing Scheme passed on the 17th May, 1919, were approved by Order in Council P.C. 1090 on the l'9th May, 1920, which provides : — 1. That if the city of Montreal appoints a commission under the provisions of the Quebec Housing Act of 1919, the approval of the Provincial Director of Housing shall not be required for the building scheme of the said city of Montreal. 24 l>ErAin\IE\T OF UEALTB 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 l'. For iit)t:iiniii{r the Ixnctil nf tlic MiiiciiiliiUMit^: of tlio hViloiiil (iroject set oul ill llie Orders in I'ouncil of the Doiiiinioii (lovcrnnient. l'.(". ITUti of T.ilit and V.V. ii:«» of 1920. 'i. The lr;iiisfer of hind from the owner lo (lie niUTiii-i|>iilily and the siihseiiiunl reeonveyanee of hind and hnihlinir, wlicu coiistriwteil, to tlie owner after a eertaiii |i(-r('i>ntiiirc of tlie eo>t has hecii met hy tho owner. OXT.\IUO Act passed and federal conditions complied with. A provincial loan has also heen provided. Municipalities deposit debentures with province without limiting horrowing powers. Returned soldiers are granted the same advantages as under the Nova Scotia Act. There have been alnnit 1,'_'()0 houses built, due to the activities of the Housing Director, and an efficient technical staff with the aid of local housing commissions. In addition to the foregoing action the province of Ontario has enacted this session the " Municipal Housing Act, 1S>20," whicli is very similar to the Ontario Housing Act of 1919, except that instead of enjoying the federal loan at five per cent, debc?ntures issued by the municipali»i«s and guaranteed by the province, will probably mean money at six i>er cent to the owner building a house. Also, while the maximum cost of house and land, according to the 1919 Act, i-; !M..%
  • . according to the " Municipal Housing Act, 1920," this becomes $5,100. Act passed and Fedenil (•ondilions comiilied uilh. This is largely an enabling Act. Returned soldiers, as delined in the Civil Service Act, are to receive preference over all other applicants for loan. According to latest reports, the various muni- cipalities bordering the city of Winnipeg are taking advantage of the .\ct. Over seventy houses have been built and are occupied, while twice that number are in course of erection, and it is expected that about SoO will be built this year. Manitoba intends to make a provincial gi-ant of $1,000,("KX) in addition to the Federal loan. SASK.\TCHE\VAX Act passed applying only to returned members of His Maesty's forces. Other- wise it is similar to the Manitoba Act and is an enabling Act only. No general housing scheme has been prepared to comply with the Federal housing conditions, therefore the Act is inoperative. This is due, it is understood, largely to the inability of the province to recommend an increase in the borrowing powers of the muni- cipalities at the present time, A housing scheme was submitted by this province on the 14th ^Nfay, 1920^ and has been approved. ALBERTA No Act has yet heen passed, although it is understood it is being considered. BRITISH COLUMBIA Act passed and Federal conditions complied with. This is largely an enabling Act and gives special preference to returned soldiers. The Government may convey free land to soldiers as defined in the Soldiers' Land Act, or to municipalities in connection with better housing for soldiers. The Act as administered up to the present, it is understood, has applied solely to returned soldiers. There are fifty houses built and occupied, ninety houses under construction, and the number of houses expected to be built this year is between two and three hundred. Respectfully submitted. J. A. AMTOT, Deputy Minister. 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1921 REPORT OF BY-ELECTIONS (THIRTEENTH PARLIAMENT) FOR THE HOUSE OF COMMONS OF CANADA HELD DURING THE YEAR 1920 RAPPORT DES ELECTIONS PARTIELLES (TREIZIEME PARLEMENT) CHAMBRE DES COMMUNES DU CANADA TENUES PENDANT L'ANNEE 1920 OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTV 1921 [No. 13—1921] Price, 5 cents. 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1921 Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Ottawa, December 31, 1920. The Honourable the Speaker, House of Commons, Ottawa. Sir, — Pursuant to Section 72, subsection 6 of The Dominion Elections Act, I have the honour to transmit herewith a report of the Bj'-Elections for the House of Commons of Canada held during the year 1920. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. O. M. BIGGAR, Chief Electoral Officer. Bureau du Directeur general des elections, Ottawa, le 31 deeembre 1920. A I'honorable Orateur de la Chambre des Communes, Ottawa. Monsieur, — Conformement au paragraphe (6) de I'article 72 de la Loi des elections federales, j'ai I'honneur de vous transmettre ci-joint un rapport des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant I'ann^e 1920. J'ai I'honneur d'etre, monsieur, Votre ob^issant serviteur, 0. M. BIGGAR, Directeur general des elections. ELECTIOyS PARTIELLES, 1920 I SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 Report of By-Elections for the House of Commons of Canada held durinc the year 1920. Rapport des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant I'annee 1920. ELGIN' EAST (EST) (Electoral District— District electoral) 1911— Population, 17,597. Province of Ontario — Province d'Ontario. Cause of vacancy. — Death of Ip, •, ■,, , ,,1 February" 14, 1920. Cause de la vacance.— D^ces de/^"^"' Marsnaii^jg j^ fgvrier 1920. Nominat.o.n|,^ 8 novembre 1920. N'ovember 22, 1920. le 22 novembre 1920. Returning officer 1 OfBcier rapporteur/ Henrj- Huntley, Yarmouth Centre, Ont. Polling Divisions. Arrondissements de Scrutin. Candidates. Candidats William Gran- ville Char! ton. Sydney Smith McDer- mand. John Law- rence Stansell Valid votes polled. Votes valides donnes. Ballots rejected Bolletiiis ecartfe. Voters on list. Port Stanley. Aylmer Vienna Springfield South Dorchester Malahide. Bayham. Port Burwell — Advance poll (Bureau provi- soire de scrutin) Totals— Totaux. Votes 41 3 66 13 31 132 20 46 66 13 Votes 196 56 113 158 128 81 96 128 93 55 77 Votes 61 59 71 48 44 71 52 106 298 118 250 219 203 284 168 280 258 83 149 172 170 229 244 250 222 312 136 211 198 234 234 292 377 317 285 285 223 218 175 127 184 224 200 121 42^ 130 340 343 240 356 119 207 513 437 186 300 237 300 284 356 450 409 344 366 248 163 265 297 286 136 3,101 .Majority for \e„H— » G.ns<^h mi«n..^<.n^ , ,• „.^i John Lawrence Stansell, 851. .Majority pourrJ^'l'»«>' Smith McDermand, over (sur)|„u„3^ GranviUe Charlton, 1,08*. BY-ELECTIOyS. 1920 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Report of Bv-Elections for the House of Commons of Canada hold during the year 1920. Happort des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant I'ann^e 1920. TEVUSKAMING (Electoral District — District Electoral). 1911— Pi)pulation. 37.076. Province of Ontario— Province d'Ontarlo. Cause of vacancy.^- Death of the Honourable Francis Cochrane, September 22, 1919. Cause de la vaeance. — D^cfes de I'honorable Francis Cochrane, le 22 septcmbre 1919. Nomination/"'^'' ^1. 1920 He 31 mars 1920. Election jAP."' '•.J920- \le 7 avril 1920. Offic™r'^p°p^rt?ur}G<'°'«« Calbick, Haile.vbur>-, Ont. Polling Divisions. Arrondissements de Scrutin. Candidates. Candidats. \1 Angus Mc- Donald. Ernest Fleet- wood Pullen. Votes. Votes. 37 21 6 1 115 39 101 20 75 28 8 18 70 26 137 6 82 16 29 12 82 U 82 60 61 39 66 57 89 31 19 32 73 12 1 2 79 6 110 23 89 18 21 20 19 5 20 100 11 98 38 44 87 83 81 21 42 25 61 27 53 103 62 63 41 53 33 6 33 17 28 25 22 11 71 20 15 22 63 18 13 20 85 11 20 16 110 145 50 10 18 80 Arthur Graeme Slaght. Valid votes polled. Votes validcs donnfs. Ballots rejected. Bulle- tins fecartfo. Voters on list. Latchford Coleman, Township. Cobalt. Buclce, Township. Haileybury. New Liskeard. Dymond Harris, Township. Casey. " Harlev, " HiUiard, Keams, " Hudson, " Evanturel " Thornloe Englehart Dack. Township Charlton 105 144 121 45 29 163 126 157 261 141 95 96 221 171 143 50 76 72 71 97 53 94 46 105 47 286 84 28 301 223 175 41 148 363 385 72 247 316 324 285 264 138 143 14 191 230 227 96 81 273 234 301 474 277 219 159 466 351 324 196 213 213 190 275 235 234 158 186 57 426 162 218 ELECTIOyS PARTIELLE8, 1920 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 Report of By-Elections for the House of Commons of Canada held during the year 1920. Rapport des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant I'ann^e 1920. TIMISKAMING (Electoral District— District electoral)— Con.— 5ai((;. Polling Divisions. Arrondissements de ScrutL Candidates. Candidats. Valid votes polled. Ballots rejected. 1 Angus Ernest Fleet- wood PuUen Arthur Votes Bulle- tins fecart^s. Mc- Donald. Graeme Slaght. valides donnfe. Votes. Votes. Votes. 46 6 5 57 1 87 63 20 170 3 21 71 51 143 41 24 15 80 98 43 65 206 56 35 17 108 83 35 11 129 165 38 21 224 93 48 55 196 1 95 49 84 228 92 66 92 250 3 81 46 74 201 62 22 22 106 6 52 15 15 82 66 17 22 105 54 88 128 270 1 153 60 132 345 3 4 2 9 7 6 12 25 1 9 5 17 31 6 12 2 20 21 14 6 41 10 7 1 18 35 2 4 41 30 10 3 43 27 7 1 35 24 3 2 29 1 18 7 1 26 39 16 5 60 3 9 4 16 28 8 3 39 59 31 44 134 34 3 2 39 5 9 6 20 7 19 4 30 1 2 0 3 13 3 14 30 5 3 1 9 44 11 13 68 18 10 62 90 no 30 27 167 28 45 18 91 9 4 1 14 5 0 0 5 11 0 3 14 10 2 1 13 128 15 21 164 0 2 0 2 2 19 3 24 48 47 33 128 2 15 4 4 23 39 30 9 78 12 8 65 85 5 6 2 13 13 15 6 34 38 28 47 113 1 14 1 4 19 Voters list. Electeurs sur la liste. No Chamberlain, Township 47 James Matheson Whitnej-, Township. Tisdale. ** 48 49 50 51 52 S3 ~ 54 55 Timmins 56 56A 57 Iroquois Falls 58 58A 59 Cochrane 60 61 62 Mowat's house, Montreal River Wm. Welch's house, Montreal River. . Firstbrook, Township 64 Ragged Chutes 65 Cane, Township 66 Lorrain. " 67 Keelej- Mine Office 68 Henwood and Lundy, Townships 69 Harrj- Hill's house. Hill's Lake 70 Marter, Township . , 71 Krugerdorf , Bedford's house 72 R. Peever's house, Tonastown 73 Brethour, Schoolhouse (No. 2) 74 Zeta, P.0 75 Earlton. P.0 76 Hough Lake . . 77 Dane, P.0 78 Larder Lake 79 Goodfish Lake 80 Bourkes 81 W. J. Simser's house, Sesekinika 82 Milton's store, Boston Creek 83 Schoolhouse, Ramore 84 Kirkland, Lake 85 Swastika 86 Wigwan, P.0 87 H. Brolim's house, Wabun 88 Leevile, P.0 89 Council Chamber, Elk Lake 90 Gowganda 91 P. Bartlett's house, Munroe Road 92 Wahtaybeg 93 Shield's house, Porquois Junction 94 Goldlands 95 Monteith, Town hall 96 Moses Hewit's house. Homer 97 Chas. Anthony's house, Anthony, P.0 98 Shillington Schoolhouse .' 99 Schoolhouse Matheson 100 Clifton Mines, Deloro Tp 101 275 188 180 370 195 201 275 332 447 474 420 305 224 269 604 713 22 42 72 39 160 117 84 97 117 110 115 380 137 27 196 143 149 76 346 150 202 382 29 8 BY-ELECriOSf;. 1020 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Report of By-Elections for the House of Commons of ("anada held duiinp the year 1920. Rapport des Elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Cauada tenues pendant I'ann^e 1920. aXMISKAMING (Electoral District— District ^leetoraD— Con.— /•'!«. Polline Divisions. .\rrondissemcntji de S<"rutin. Candidates. Candid ats. I Angus I Mc- I Donald Ernest Fleet- wood . PuUen. Arthur Graeme Slaght. Valid votes polled. Votes valides donnas. Ballots rejected Bulle- tins ficartfs. Voters on list. Electeurs sur la liste. Power's Hotel, Mattagami Heights Connaught Canadian Pulp Go's. OfiBce, Potter, P.O. Brewer -\bitibi Camp, Couchiching Falls Nellie Lake Clute. P.O Lovell's Store, Hunter Xahma Abitibi Power Go's. Office, Low Bush. . . Schoolhouse, Jacksonboro « Sej'mour's house. Driftwood Moonbeam Kapu.skasing Hearst No. Votes. 102 .103 104 .105 106 .107 .108 .109 110 111 .112 .113 .114 .115 .116 Totals— Totaux 118 5,222 2. Votes. 16 22 8 23 3 11 15 22 Votes. 116 93 3,090 11, 528 375 25 130 15 84 230 190 79 134 233 86 475 343 452 Majority for \»„„„^ m.t«.^„.ih „ „ , .^ 'Arthur Graeme Slaght, 2,1J2. Majoriti pour/^n^us McDonald, over (sur) ij^^^^i Fleetwood PuUen, 2,«« KAMOl'RASKA (Electoral District— District Electoral). 1911— Population. 20,i Prorince of Quebec— Province de Quebec. Cause of vacancy: — Cause de la vacance:- It- ^„i T „ ;„,.„ /who resigned his seat, October 14 .|Ernest Lapointe j^^; ^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^j^. 1919. octobre 1919. /March 31, 1920. lie 31 mars 1920. Returning officer \Louis Joseph B^rubf , Ste. Anne de la Officier rapporteur Pocati^re. Qu^. Adolphe Stein.— .\cclamaf!«n. ELECTIONS PARTIELLES, 1920 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 Report of Bv-Elections for the House of Commons of Canada held during the year 1920. R.\.ppoRT des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant I'annee 1920. ST. JAMES (ST-JACQI;ES) (Electoral District— District Electoral). 1911— Population, 44,057. Province of Quebec— Prorince de Quebec. Cause of vacancy. — Death of 1t„„:„ \„,i„t t „„„;„*„ /February 7, Cause de la vacance.-Deces de/ L°"'' -^"''<=' Lapointe |,g 7 ,,^„:;^ j ^- •„„».„„/Maich 31, 1920. \ommat.on|i^ 31 mar; 1920. Tri„„*;„„ /AprU 7, 1920. Election j,/; ^^_^.^ jg2o. 1920. ■ 1920. c?ffiSfp°port:.ur}Arthur Lalonde, Montreal. Que. Polling Divisions. Arrondissements de Scrutii Candidates. Candidats. Femand Rinfret. Alphetus Mathieu. Valid votes polled. Ballots rejected. Votes valides donnfe. Bulle- tins Scartfe. 17 42 90 29 1 45. 31 1 100 6 75 100 3 73 1 86 2 125 98 81 70 58 49 77 1 67 4 35 1 81 60 110 50 69 2 73 106 1 70 96 105 64 110 1 53 4 58 58 37 44 59 60 59 62 1 69 62 38 56 St. James Ward — (Quartier St-Jacques)- 52 Montcalm 109 Beaudry 120 Beaudry 599 Craig E 67 St-TimotWe ". 63 St-Andr4 412 Lagauchetiere E 320 Lagauchetiere E 316 Dorchester E 534 Dorchester E 128 Amherst 671 Lagauchetiere E 264 Visitation. ' 217 Montcalm 240 Montcaln 195 Amherst 243 St-Timothee 205 St-Andrfe 236 St-Andr6 365A Dorchester E 369 Dorchester E 32 Labelle 139 St-Denis 444 Demontigny E . 530 Demontigny E 582 Demontigny E 622 Demontigny E Lafontaine Ward — Quartier Lafontaine) — 285A St-Denis 402 St-Hubert 414 St-Christophe 414 Ontario E 441 St-Christophe 521 St-Christophe 454 St-Timothee 495 Demontigny E 531 Demontigny E ' 520 Ontario E 345 Amherst 503 Amherst 407 Wolfe 579 Wolfe 373 Montcalm 532 Beaudrv 397 Beaudry 436 Visitation 35 76 143 56 83 82 153 106 173 138 173 208 172 153 121 118 165 120 112 116 182 164 155 HI 157 96 154 155 62 105 126 124 134 142 124 139 77 10 BY-ELECTIOXS. 1920 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Report of By-Elections for the House of Commons of Canada held during the year 1920. Rapport des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Conmiunes du Canada tenues pendant Tannic 1920. ST. JAMES (ST-JACQUES) (Electoral District— District Electoral)— Con.— fin. Polling Divisions. .\rrondissements de Scrutin. Candidates. Candidats. Femand Rinfret. Alphetus Mathieu. Valid votes polled. Votes valides donnas. Ballots rejected. Bulle- tins 6cart6s. Voters on list. Lafontaine Ward — Con. — (Quartier Lafontaine) —Fin. No. 9 Robin. 46 576 Visitation 47 696 Visitation : . . . . 48 595 Montcalm .-. 49 598 Montcalm 50 677 Wolfe 51 625 Amherst 52 566 Amherst 53 495 Ontario E 54 447 Ontario E 55 413 Ontario E 56 353 Ontario E 57 341 Ontario E 58 212 Cherrier 59 437 Berri 60 106 Cherrier 61 527 Sherbrooke E 62 100 Pare Lafontaine 63 677 St-Andrfe 64 862 St-Christophe 65 523 Berri 66 2 Rivard 67 64 Rivard 68 730 Berri 69 5 Rivard 70 757 Berri 71 963 St-Hubert 72 792 St-Andr^ 73 92 Mentana 74 91 Mentana 75 288 Pare Lafontaine 76 Ea.g Blanchard IMcCurd}', 1,«4. ELECTIONS PARTIELLES, I9S0 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 Report of By-Elections for the House of Commons of Canada held during the year 1920. Rapport des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant I'annee 1920. ST. JOHN CITY AND COUNTIES OF ST. JOHN AND ALBERT (Electoral District— District Electoral). 1911— Population, 63,263. Province of New Brunswick — Province du Nouveau-Briinswicli. Cause of vacancy. — Honourable Rupert Wilson Wigmore, appointed Minister of Customs, July 13, 1920. Cause de la vacance. — L'Honorable Rupert Wilson Wigmore nomm^ Ministre des Douanes, le 13 juillet 1920. v„„,;„„t:„„/September 6, 1920. dominations, a t. u i^an lie 6 septembre 1920. iri«„t,v^ /September 20, 1920. Election |,g jO septembre 1920. OffiSp°porteur}A-on A. Wilson, St. John, N.B. Polling Divisions. Arrondissements de Scrutin. Candidates. Candidats. Alban Frederick Emerj-. Honourable Rupert Wilson Wigmore Valid votes polled. Ballots rejected. Bulle- valides donnas. ^cartfo. 103 4 101 115 101 8 86 1 122 5 93 100 1 61 91 2 56 4 116 76 3 75 91 1 97 5 75 11 105 1 85 2 101 62 3 64 3 96 56 108 91 4 54 102 92 5 136 2 96 97 1 89 1 75 8 86 122 9 132 4 81 2 107 8 97 4 114 2 87 90 3 49 108 2 Electeurs sur la liste. St. John, City— StJean ((";it«)— Kings Ward (Quartier) 3 4 Wellington Ward (Quartier) 5 5A Prince Ward (Quartier) Queen s Ward (Quartier). Sydney Guy's Ward (Quartier). Ward (Quartier). Ward (Quartier).., Votes. 91 50 71 52 64 35 34 35 81 59 47 39 49 51 49 41 71 36 48 76 48 94 . 73 36 89 78 104 72 73 60 62 72 329 321 337 320 269 336 397 278 244 279 179 303 221 292 375 343 252 301 344 341 248 248 317 211 380 303 173 313 321 258 264 342 358 291 282 245 311 292 331 187 309 14 BT-ELECTI()\s. tfm 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Repout of By-Elections for the House of Commons of Canada hold during the year 1920. Rappout des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant I'ann^e 1920 ST. JOHN CITY AND COUNTIES OF ST. JOHN .4ND .VLBERT— Con.— fin. (Electoral District — District Electoral). Polling Divisions. .\rrondis.scments de Scruti Candidates. Candidats. Alban Frederick Emery. Honourable Rupert WUson Wigmore. Valid votes polled. Votes valides donnfe. BallotR rejected. Bulle- tins ficartfe. ST. JOHNCITT — Con. — ST-JEAX, crTE — Fin.) Brook's Ward (Quartier).. 45 Lome Ward (Quartier) 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Lansdowne Ward (Quartier) 57 58 60 " .61 . 62 " 63 Dufferin Ward (Quartier) 64 65 70 Victoria Ward (Quartier) 71 72 73 74 " • 75 76 Stanlev Ward (Quartier) 77 78 ST. JOHN COUNTY (COMTE DE ST-JE.tN) BTJR.U.. St. Martins, Parish (Paroisse). Rimonds, Parish (Paroisse) Lancaster, Parish (Paroisse). Votes. 46 54 58 S3 39 '39 90 84 64 112 92 74 63 55 84 67 81 94 113 77 84 95 IDS 106 82 108 125 111 107 78 134 109 82 108 91 93 71 71 57 40 68 62 47 99 112 104 122 58 122 67 ELECTIOyS PARTIELLES, 1920 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 Report of By-Electioiis for the House of Commons of Canada held during the year 1920. Rapport des elections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant I'annf^e 1920. ST. JOHN CITY AND COUNTIES OF ST. JOHN AND ALBERT— Con— Fin. (Electoral District— District electoral). Polling Division, ndissements de Scruti: Candidates. Candidats. Alban Frederick Emery . Honourable Rupert Wilson Wigmore. Valid votes polled. Votes valides donnas. Ballots rejected Bulle- tins 6cart^s Voters on list. Electeurs sur la liste. No Lancaster, Parish (Paroisse) 96 97 9S 99 100 Musquash, Parish (Paroisse) 101 ^....102 103 .ALBERT COWNTT (coMTE) EUHAL. Hopewell, Parish (Paroisse) 104 105 106 Harvey, Parish (Paroisse) 107 108 Hiilsboro Parish (Paroisse) 109 110 Ill 112 113 Coverdale, Parish (Paroisse) 114 115 116 Elgin, Parish (Paroisse) 117 118 119 Alma, Parish (Paroisse) 120 121 St. John City (St-Jean cit6)— Advance Poll (Bu- reau provisoire de scrutin) 122 Fairville, Advance Poll (Bureau provisoire de scrutin) 123 Totals— Totaux 124 124 151 lis 158 112 142 44 106 32 76 38 77 97 43 51 58 120 164 71 160 HH 187 107 171 44 108 64 97 77 129 91 140 117 172 66 97 XI 180 138 168 Hfi 137 69 155 79 163 53 152 M 142 68 142 5 5 4 5 312 321 289 307 255 110 301 276 259 302 234 146 225 297 365 201 306 225 234 265 292 252 211 225 Majorltl pour}^""""""*"''* RuP"-'* WUson Wigmore, 4,1SS 16 BY-EhECriOys:. 19in 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Keport of Bj'-IClcctions for tho House of Commons of Canada lickl iluiini;; tlic year 1920. Rappokt des elections partielles pour la Charabre des Communes du Canada tenues peiuiant Tannic 1920. YALE (Electoral District— District Electoral). 1911— Popul.ition.2S.066. Province of British Columbia— Province de Is Colomble-Britannique. Cause of vacancy. — Honourable Martin Burrell, appointed joint Librarian of Parliament. July 8. 1920. Cause de la vacance. — L'Honorable Martin Burrcll, nomm^ Bibliothfcaire conjoint du Parlement, Ic S juillet 1920. xT_„:„„.:„„/N'ovcmber S, 1920. Returning officer \t, r- ii„,^;.i,. tj„„,.),i„., i u f r^omination2 :?fi 51 87 100 South Kelowna. ., ra 56 68 1 112 ^ummerland .. M 129 151 280 373 West Summerland . . fiS.x 82 86 168 1 504 " . . f>5 85 74 1.59 Allcnbv .. fi6 23 23 46 108 Allen Grove. . . 07 21 10 31 40 Coalmont . (i.S 1? 2 14 Topner Mountain . .. 09 9 ' 9 18 41 Hedley .. 70 30 .55 85 137 Irrigation Camp ..71 62 45 107 3 333 . . 72 8 56 26 160 34 216 57 Keremeos . . . ■. .... 7.S 309 Xickle Plate . .... 74 C.nncelled Poll— Bureau c e scrutin canccile. Okanagan Fall.s. . 75 14 60 74 8.5 Osovoos . 7fi 6 15 21 I 40 Penticton 77 73 82 1.55 93S " -, 7.S 94 95 189 307 «' 83 1 " .. ,«0 100 ' 102 '■202 1 338 IVine.ton. . ^] S3 65 148 23G " .. 82 75 09 144 241 rulamcen .. 8.3 17 9 26 37 n.averdell .- 84 13 7 20 41 Boundary Fall* . .'!5 92 4 26 40 Bridesville . . . SO 48 U .59 65 Carnii S7 ... .4 Brown Creek— Gloucester ..96 26 33 45 ..97 42 n .53 « 97 Fife • 98 16 3 19 39 Penticton ., 99 101 90 191 339 " .,100 SO 1 OS 148 231 ,10] 4S .53 101 133 Blue Springs. . . 102 ' 1 IS 19 I55S9-2 18 liV-EI.KVnoXs. tU.'O 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Report of Hv-l^Ipftions for the House of Coininons of Canada licld (luiiiiK the ycMir 1920. Rapport dos (''lections partielles pour la Chambre des Communes du Canada tenues pendant i'annee 1920. YALE (Electoral Di.strict— District Electoral)— f'on.— Fin. Polling Divisions. Arrondissements de Scrutin. Grandview 103 Vernon. Advance Poll (Bureau provisoire de scrutin) 1 Penticton, Advance Poll (Bureau provisoire dc scrutin) 2 Grand Forks, Advance Poll (Bureau provisoire de scrutin) 3 Totals— Totaux .107 Candidates. Candidats. Charles Edgar Edgett. John . .Armstrong MacKelvic- ..Valid votes polled. Votes valides donnfo. Ballots rejected Voters on li.st. Majon'.'l pouri •'"•'« Armstrong MacKehie, 389 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1921 REPORT OF THE WORK DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHMENT CANADA DECEMBER, 1920 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMEXT THOMAS MULVEY PRINTKR TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY i 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1921 To His Excellency the Duke of Devonshire, E.G., P.C., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., etc.. Governor General and Commander in Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May it Please Your Excellency, — The undersigned has the honour to present to Tour Excellency the Annual Tveport of the Department of Soldiers' CItII Ee-Establishnient for the calendar year ended December 31, 1920. I have the honour to bo. * Your Excel!eiii'.v"j uiu-t obeJieut servant'. JAMES A. LOUGHEED, Acting Minister of Soldiers' Civil Bc-Esfahlishineni. Tebruuiy 1, I't^l. iv DKl'AUTMKST OF SOhDIERti' CIVIL ItK-EsTAIilJSHMKXr 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 [No. 1921.1 THE DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHMENT Head Office— 22 Vittoria St., Ottawa. Minister — Senator the Honourable Sir James A. I^ugheed, P.C., K.C.M.G. Deputy Minister— N. F. Parkinson. Assistant Deputy Minister and Secretary— E. H. Scamniell. Director of Administration — E. Flexman, D.S.O. Director of Medical Services — Dr. W. C. Arnold. Director of Vocational Training — E. Flexman, D.S.O. Director, Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch — R. W. Coullhard. Director, Dental Services — Dr. R. B. O'Sullivan, O.B.E. Supervisor of Expenditures — J. F. Waddingrt:on. General Superintendent of Engineering Branch — W. Herbert George. Overseas Representative — C. G. Arthur, D.S.O. District Offices — "A" Unit, P.-ovince of Quebec — Head Office, Drummond Building, Montieal, P.Q. Branch Office, Merger Building, Quebec (Medical Clinic only). " B " Unit, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island — Head Office, Nurses' Home, Camp Hill Hospital, Halifax. Vocational Office, Bellevue Bldg., Halifax. "C" Unit, Easte.-n Ontario — Head Office, Plaza Building, Ottawa. Vocational Office, 8 Cliff St., Ottawa. Branch Office, Golden Lion Block, Kingston. " D " Unit, Central Ontario — Head Office, 185 Spadina Ave., Toronto. Vocational Office, Allen Building, 105 Simcoe St., Toronto. Branch Vocational Office, Barrie Building, Peterborough. Branch Office, Hamilton Hut Hospital, Hamilton. " F " Unit, Western Ontario — Head Office, Royal Bank Building, London. Vocational Office, Carling Block, Jlichmond St., London. Vocational Office, Old Herald Building, Guelph. " G " Unit, Manitoba — Head Office, Notre Dame Investment Bldg., Winnipeg. Branch Vocational Office, Post Office Bldg., Brandon. " H " Unit, Saskatchewan — Head Office, Veteran Block, Regina. " I " Unit, Alberta- Head Office, Lancaster Bldg., Calgary, Alta. Branch Office, McLeod Block, Edmonton, Alta. " J " Unit, British Columbia — Head Office, Board of Trade Bldg., Vancouver. Branch Vocational Office, Central Bldg., Victoria. " K " Unit, New Brunswick — Head Office, Fredericton Hospital, Fredericton. Overseas Office — 103 Oxford St., London W. England. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 AyyVAL REPORT i 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1921 CONTENTS Page AccorxTs AND Audit Braxch 112 Administration Branch 9? Admissions, Discharges, Deaths and Patient Strength 106 After-Care, Closed Cases 73 After-Care, Medical 13 APPENDICES , 134-165 Artificial Limbs, Production 47 Audit Branch. Re-Organization 116 Australians, Repatriation of 104 Average Length of Training Course 60 Blind, Care of 6J Branch Fitting Depot, Orthopsedio and Surgical Appliances Branch 4S Canadian Forces Treated in the United States 17 Central Registry 130 Chaplain Services 104 Clarke, Dr. C K., Report on Westminster Hospital 10 Clinics 2 and 4 Clinical Treatments 3 Clinics, Location of 39 Clothing, Cash Allowance 10! Clothing, Cash Allowance, Order in Council regarding, P.C. 1549 132 Compensation for Injury while undergoing Training 57 Compensation for Injury while undergoing Traintng. Orc'er in Council P. C. 2554 and 728 149 and 150 Costs, Artificial Limbs and Appliances 53 Costs. Orthopaedic Boots 53 Courses, Number of 62 Deaths 104 Dental Equipment and Supplies 45 Dental Service Rendei'ed 46 Dental Services 39 Dentists, Civilian 41 Depots in Canada, Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch 4S Depot in England, Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch 48 Dietary Section 15 Disablement Fund 12'J Eligibility for Dental Treatment 40 Employment and After-Care. Vocational Graduates 72 Employment Offices 91-92 Engineering Branch Ill Enrolments. Students. 192ii 59 Epileptics 7 Ex-Imperials 103 Expenditure of Department 121-122 Eyes, Artificial ' 52 Facial Masks 53 Facial War Injuries ' 44 Farms Ill Federal Emergency Appropriation 93, 94 and 161 vii viii nEl'ARI.MK\r OF fsnr.l>li:ii.s- CIVIL nE-EtflAHI.lsHMKST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Pace Federal Emergency Appropriation Statistics 9.".-9S Files Handled, Vocational St Foreign Relations Section 16 Freight, Issue of 10:> Funerals 101 Graduates, Training 61 Handicap Section, Employment 92 Hospital Bed Capacity 2 Hospitals for Insane 38-39 Imperial Forces in the United States \~ Information AND Service Branch. . 90 Institutions where Department has arrangements 3S Laundries % 111 Limitation of Time in which Application for Training can be made iS Loans, Application for 76 Loans. Vocational , H Loans. Vocational, Statistical Information 79-Sl Mechanical Transport 110 Medical Documents, Extracts of 10"> Medical Representatives other than at Unit Heaaciuarters 39 Minor Appliances, Production -17 Minors. Number Trained and Graduated 67 Neurological Cases 3 Neuro-Psychiatric Branch 3 Neuro-Psychlatric Cases on Strength, Table 9 Number of Limbs, etc.. Supplied .i4 Number of Patients Given Treatment 46 Number of Students and Instructors 59 Number Training in Departmental School."; 59 Number Treated in the United States 17 and IS Ophthalmic Division, Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch 51 Organization, Medical Division 1 Organization, Training Branch 54 Orthop.edic and Slrgical Appliances Branch 47 Patients (Neuro-Psychiatric) at Ste. Anne de Bellevue 5 Patients Recei\ing Treatment during Tear 2 Patients on Strength 2 Patients treated from beginning 3 Pay and Allowances (Training) 5S Pay and Allowances (Training), pending Approval Course 56 Pay and Allowances (Treatment) 104 Pat AND Personal Services Division 102 P.C. 232S, Cases on Strength S P.C. 232S, Cases on Strength, Table 9 P.C. 232S, Training 56 Purchasing and Sales Division 100 Questionnaire (Employment) 91 Reciprocal Arrangements with other Countries 123 Reciprocal Dental Services with other Countries 4 2 Research Division, Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch 5ft Ste. Anne de Bellevue 34 Sanatoria Operated by Department 38 Shell-shock -. 3 Social Service Investigations 15 Social Serv'ice Section .* 13 Soldiers' Comforts Branch 125 Statf of Departme.vt .' . . . . 131 Staff, Orthopsedic and Surgical Appliances Branch 47 AyyUAL REPORT is SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Page Staff, Vocational Branch S-" Standardization of Production Artificial Appliai ces i9 Stores and Equipment Division 101 Trades in which Training Given, Lists of G3— 67 Training Branch . . 51 Training Courses under Groups 62 Training of ex-Imperials •>' Training and Insjpection Division •^S Training Classes, Orthopcedic Branch 49 Training, Men following Line of '■ ^- Training. Number of Men who discontinued Courses 60 Transfer of Patients, etc.. on Compassionate Grounds 101 Transportation, Issue of 107 Treat.mrnt Branch 1 Treatment by eutside Dentists 15 TUBERCULOSIS REPORT Admissions to Sanatoria 21 Admitted Patients 22 Atmosphere and Discipline in Sanatoria 32 Bureaus of Information '. 36 Canada's Difficulty, After-Care Ex-Service Men 37 Character of Medical Work 30 Ci\'ilian Hardship 2S Classification of Patients 22 Complaints 33 Consultations on Patients under Treatment 25 Danger of Relapse 34 Difhculties in Diagnosis 25 Discharged Patients ■ 2.1 Disciplinary Difficulties 33 Duration of Disability 23 Employment Tuberculosis Patients after Discharge 36 Equipment of Sanatoria 30 Financial Assistance 3.5 Pollow-up Social Service 35 Group Enterprises, ex-Service Men after Discharge from Sanatoria 3G Individual Assistance, after Discharge from Sanatoria 36 Incidence of Tuberculosis' in the C.E.F 20 Comparison with B. E. F 20 Comparison with A. E. F '. 20 Comparison with Civil Life 20 Increased Efficiency of Sanatoria 37 Institutions Operated by Department 37 Location of Sanatoria 29 Medical Records 31 Medical Research -. 31 Medical Standards 31 Medical Supervision Us Methods of Treatment 31 Number of ex-Service Men suitable for Employment 3 j Organization of Sanatoria 32 Overseas Group vs. Not-Overseas Group 24 Patients outside their own Province 26 Patients still under Treatment 24 Poison Gas 24 Provincial Incidence of Tuberculosis 22 Public Interest in Atter-Care 34 Rate of Admissions and Discharges to and from Sanatoria 26 Reduction of Bed Capacity.' ._ 26 Relapses 23 Sanatorium Situation in Canada before and since the war 27 Service, Medical of 'Sanatoria 30 Sheltered Employment, tuberculous ex-service patients 36 Special Clinic 32 Special Construction of Sanatoria 2S Transfer of Patients 27 Well Balan'^ed Institutions essential tor Efficiency 29 Types of Training Given 60 DEPARTMEXT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISBMEXT United States. Arrangements with United States Forces treated In Canada United States. Supply of Orthoptedlc Appliances Voluntary Admissions, Mental Cases Wages Payable to Trainees by Employers Wages Payable to Trainees by Employers, Order in Council P.C. 112. War Service Gratuity Accounts Westminster Hospital . . , Westminster Hospital, Report by Dr. Clarke Workmen's Compensation Boards. Order in Council P.C. 2311 Workmen's Compensation Boards, Supply of Artificial Limbs 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Pace .4.PPENDICBS P.C. 43 — Authority under which Department may grrant relief to pensioners or men who have received Vocational Training on account of di.'^ability. Appendix XI.. .. 164 P.C. 112 — Authority under which Department may place men in industries for Tniini-ng under agreement with employers as to wages. Appendix IV 133 PC. 387, with Amendment.^ — Authority under which Department may give treatment or training and may issue Pay and Allowances^, Appi'ndix 1 134-14" P.C. 551 — Respectins Reciprocal Arrangements with Belg'ium, Appendix VI 136 P.C. 1549 — Authority under which Department may jray $7 per month in lieu of free issue clothing. Appendix III 152 P.C. 1993 — Authority under which Department may deal with the Insane, Appendix II.. 148-151 P.C. 2311 — Authority under which Department may manufacture appliances for Work- men's Compensation Boards, etc., Appendix VIT 157 P.C. 25.'>4 and P.C. 72S — Authority under which Department may compensate men sustaining injury while beitig trained. Appendix V.' 154-133 PC. 2930 — Authority under which District Organization of Board of Pension Com- missioners has been absorbed by Department, Appendix VIII 13S P.C. 3017 — Authority under which Department may transfer surplus equipment and stores to other Departments without re-payment. Appendix IX 159 P.C. 3260 — -Authority under which Department may grant medical and surgical treat- ment to unemployed former members of the Forces, Appendix X 161 Federal Emergency Appropriation. 1919-20, Appendix XII 164 TABLES OF STATISTICS Admissions, Discharges. Deaths and Monthly Patient Strength 106 After-Care, Vocational Graduates, Cases Closed i 4 Blind. Care and Training of 71-72 Cases on Strength. PC. 232S 8 Central Registry Activities .- 130 Clinical Treatments r 3 Courses. Number of 62 Dental Patients treated by other than Departmental Dentists 46 Dental Serxice Rendered, Departmental Clinics 46 Employment 9 j-9ij E3nrolments, Students, 1920 59 Ex-Imperials, Trained i;8 Expenditure of Department l:;i-122 Expenditure for Freight Warrants 109 Expenditure for Transportation lOS Extracts and Pr^is of Medical Documents 105 Federal Emergency Appropriation Statistics 95-98, 164 Graduates, Training 61 Incidence of Tuberculosis in the C.E.F , 20 Institutions operated by Department 37-3S Institutions with which Department has arrangements 3S Loans. Vocational 79-81 Medical Representatives, Number other than at Unit Head(;iarters 39 ANNUAL REPORT xi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Paje Minors, Number Trained and Graduated 'j7 Neuro-Psychiatric Cases on Strength of Department 9 Neuro-Psychiatric Cases on Strength, P.C 2S2S 9 Neuro-PsychiatriO'Patients at Ste. Anne de Bellevut i 5 Neuro-Psychiatric Patients at Westminster Hospital 6 Number of Artificial Limbs, etc., supplied 54 Number of Hospitals " 2 Number of Men in Training: 51) Number of Men taking Training up to December 31. 1920 62 Number Training in Departmental Schools .59 Patients on Strength 2 Percentage following line of Training 62 Social Service Investigations l.i Staff, Statistics regarding 131-133 Saimmai->- of Men granted Compensation for Injury while undergoing training 57 Total Patients Treated 3 Treatment of United States and Canadian Forces 17 and IS 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. U A. 1921 Introductory Letter TO REPORT OF THE Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment Senator, the Honourable Sir James A. Lougheed, P.C, K.C.M.G. Minister of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment, Ottawa. SiR^ — In accordanee with your instructions I have the honour to submit a report on the work of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, covering the calendar year, 1920. The activities of the department are so multifariotis that it is only possible to give a very brief outline of the work accomplished. Several features, however, stand out and deserve special mention in a general way, apart from the more detailed references to be found in the sectional reports covering the various branches of the department's work, which follow. 2. The " peak load " of re-establishment responsibilities has been reached and passed, indeed more than one branch of the department's work has been practically completely demobilized. 3. Special employment facilities for es-soldiers, as provided by this department, in conjunction with the Department of Labour and the federal-provincial employ- ment offices, were withdrawn as from June 1, 1920, and the Information and Service Branch, which had developed an organization that to no mean degree accounted for the remarkable facility with which the ex-soldier was placed in employment after his discharge from the army, was disbanded. The number of men for whom employment was found was 109,49.3. In many instances more than one situation had to be obtained, the total number of situations being 175,157, or 159-9 per cent when compared with the total number of men placed. In addition, 1,218,472 inquiries on various subjects - were dealt with by this branch, which also issued all certificates in connection with the Federal Emergency Appropriation. 4. The Vocational Branch which to the date of this report, December 31, 1920, had accepted 50,521 men for training, including 11,574 minors, has long passed the period of maximum numbers. In February, 1920, there were 26,022 men in its classes or otherwise on its strength for training. This number has now decreased to 4,714. 5. The Treatment Branch has not shown an appreciable decrease in its work. la February. 1920, there were 9,755 patients on the strength for treatment, while in addi- tion clinical treatments were being provided for 13,891 per week. On December 31, 19^20, the number of patients being dealt with was : — On strength 6,431 Clinical treatments per week 7,078 When i1. is realized that of the patients on strength of the department for treat- ment nearly oue-haK are suffering with disabilities which will require treatment for the duration of their lives, including tuberculous, insane, and otherwise incurable, it xiv DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIEK.s- CIVIL IlE-ESTABI.ItillMHST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 will be seen that the treatment work of the department cannot be expected materially to decrease during the next few years. The remaining 3,000 is made up of pensioners and others requiring treatment for recurring service disabilities and represent only 4 per cent of the 70,000 pensioners in Canada. 6. The branch sectional reports will be seen to outline a period of reorganization during the year. This particularly applies to the " Service " branches of the depart- ment. The reorganization referred to in each case has been carried out on a definite plan to meet the changed conditions present in the department to-day as compared with the period of rapid growth during which time, equally rapid expansion was necessary. 7. The early requirements of the department necessitated an organization capable of meeting any sudden emergency. This was obtained only by the provision of a large number of specially qualified executives, each responsible for a particular portion of the work with which they were familiar through training and experience. In this way multiple driving power was obtained, the combined efforts of the administrators being guided as to policy and used to build up the complete organization. With a change in the nature of the requirements, however, came the possibility of reducing executives and centralizing the administuation as is indicated in the chart showing the present organization of the department. 8. The branches retained are only five in number, being made up of three tech- nical— Treatment, Training, Orthopaedic, and two services, Administrative, Accounting and Audit. 9. In the very near future with further reduction in training strength realized, it will be possible to place the control of vocational matters in the hands of one of the other branches, thus further reducing the number of executives. 10. The Orthopedic and Surgical Appliances Branch has now overtaken all the back work and in a majority of cases has supplied a spare artificial limb in addition to the original. The quality and comfort of the appliances supplied have fully demonstrated the wisdom of the policy outlined in 1916 under which the department has carried on its own manufacturing. 11. The Soldiers' Comfort Branch, with headquarters at Toronto, has done an excellent work and special mention should be made of the activities of the Honorary Superintendent, Mrs. Arthur Van Koughnet, to whom thanks are due as well as to the ladies who have so ably assisted her. 12. The number of former members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force and of the Imperial Forces resident in the United States has shown a marked increase. The agreement entered into in October. 1919. with the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Washington, has proved most beneficial. Under this agreement and regulations which have been issued by the Bureau and the United States Public Health Service, all facilities placed at the disposal of former members of the United States forces are available for former members of the Canadian and Imperial forces. The American Eed Cross has also, at the request of the department, extended its scope of usefulness in rendering aid to disabled former members of the Canadian and Imperial forces and to their dependents. The department deals with all ex-American soldiers who require treatment in Canada. ASlfUAL REPORT XV SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 13. The reciprocal arrangemeuts entered into in Jvily, 1919, with the British Government also are working out most satisfactorily. Large numbers of former mem- bers of the Imperial forces have received and are receiving treatment in Canada and large numbers of former members of the Canadian forces are receiving treatment in Great Britain. Early in 1920, ilr. F. G. Robinson, then deputy minister of the department, visited England with a view to effecting certain changes in the agree- ment with the British authorities. These changes included the cancellation of the arrangement under which artificial limbs were to be provided by the British Govern- ment for former members of the Canadian Forces, and the establishment by the depart- ment, in lieu of this arrangement, of a fitting depot in London, England. 14. Special mention should be made of the report of the Board of Tuberculosis specialists who toured Canada during the summer of 1920. This report, a summary of which is given in the medical section, is a pronouncement of the greatest value and is likely to be of material assistance not only in the work of the department in Canada, but to other Governments and organizations which may be called .upon to deal with the problems incidental to the operation of sanatoria and the after-care of ex-sanatorium patients. 15. Commencing on the 1st January, 1921, the department has taken over the administration of the outside offices of the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada. This is a step towards a more centralized, convenient and economical administration in the districts outside Ottawa of the work undertaken by the Govern- ment on behalf of former members of the Canadian forces. 16. During the year there have been certain changes in the head office personnel, ilr. F. G. Robinson, Deputy Minister, resigned and was succeeded by Mr. !N^. F. Parkinson, previously Director of Vocational Training. Major E. Flexman, D.S.O., Assistant Director of Vocational Training, has been appointed Director, and has also assumed the duties of Director of Administration. Dr. E. G. Davis, C.iLG., Director of Medical Services, has become a member of the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada and has been succeeded by Dr. W. C. Arnold. Major L. L. Anthes, Director, Information, and Service, resigned to re-engage in business in Toronto. 3fr. J. H. W. Bower, General Superintendent, Engineering Branch, resigned and was succeeded by Mr. W. H. George. Major C. G. Arthur, D.S.O., Chief Inspector, has been transferred to the London England, office of the department, as Overseas Repre- sentative. 17. During the last session of Parliament, a parliamentary committee sat for several weeks and heard a large amount of evidence on the subject of re-establishment. Various recommendations were made by Parliament, based on the report of that committee which have since been embodied in Orders in Council, copies of which appear in the appendices to this report. 18. Owing to imemployment among former members of the forces during the present winter, two Orders in Council have been passed, one providing for free medical treatment to aU former members of the forces who require the same and the other for relief to those who are unable to secure employment and who are pensioners or have received vocational training on account of disabilities due to military service. The administration of this work is in the hands of the Treatment and Training Branches of the department. 19. On the demobilization of the Information and Service Branch, the finding of employment for handicapi)ed cases was undertaken by the Employment Section of the Training Branch. It was felt that special attention should be given, as long as it might be required, to this class of applicant for employment. The work of the department in this direction has been most successful. xvi DEFARTMEST OF siil.UI EUs' iIMI. ItF.-KslUU.I sH MUST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 20. Owing to the experience gained by the officials and staff of tlie department it has been possible in many directions to reduce the staff without detriment to the quality of the work. The large decrease in the number of vocational students has necessarily resulted in a corresponding decrease in the number of instructors and others engaged in this work. The total staff uu December 31, 1919, was 8,121. Owing to the increase in work during the early part of 1920, the number was augmented to 9,035 during March. The number as at December 31, 1920, was 5,779. 21. During the last fiscal year the estimates amounted to approximately $40,000,000. It is anticipated that the expenditure for the ensuing fiscal year will be less than half this amount. 22. The sections of the report dealing with separate branches have been i>reparcd by the heads of those branches as follows : — Treatment — by Dr. W. C. Arnold, Director of Medical Services and by Dr. C. B. Farrar, Ps.ychiatrist. Dental— by Dr. R. B. O'Sullivan, O.B.K., Director of Dental Services. Orthopsedic and Surgical Appliances — by Major R. W. Coulthard, Director, Orthopadic and Surgical Appliances Branch. Training — by Major E. Flexman, D.S.O., Director of Vocational Training. Information and Service — b.y Major L. L. Anthes, late Director of the Informa- tion and Service Branch, and by ifajor R. O. Wheatley, il.C. Administration — ^by Major E. Flexman, D.S.O., Director of Administration. Engineering — by Mr. W. H. George, General Superintendent of Engineering. Accounts — by Capt. J. F. Waddiiigtou, Suix;rvisor of Expenditures. Soldiers' Comforts — ^by Mrs. Arthur Van Koughnet, Honorary Superintendent of that work. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, E. H. SCAMMELL, Assisiant Deputy Minister and Secretary. Ottawa, January 31, 1921. 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1921 TREATMENT BRANCH ^.LEDICAL DIVISION The function of the Medical Division of the Treatment Branch of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Be-establishment has been materially added to during the current year. Hospitalization and treatment is provided for the following classes of cases : — (1) All ex-members of the Canadian Forces, wherever resident, for treatment of disabilities caused or aggravated by service, or recurrences of such dis- abilities. (2) Ex-members of the Canadian E.xpeditionary Force and of all Imperial Forces resident in Canada for any disability, with certain exceptions, for which ti'eat- ment is requested within one year after discharge from the service, or from the department in cases where treatment has been continuous since discharge from the service. (3) Ex-members of the Canadian and Imperial Forces suffering from insanity, for whom custodial care is provided. (4) Cases of long duration and cases for whom special institutions are main- tained. (5) Ex-members of the Imperial Forces resident in the United States who require treatment for disabilities caused or aggravated by service. (6) Ex-members of the United States Forces resident in Canada for disabilities caused or aggTavated by service. (7) Ex-members of the Allied Forces who were pre-war residents of Canada and who require treatment for disabilities due to service. (8) Members of the Permanent Force of Canada, at the request of the Depart- ment of Militia and Defence. (9) Vocational students for any disabilities arising while they are under training. In addition to the foregoing, the Medical Division assumes the responsibility for : — • (1) Provision of specialist examinations. X-ray reports and laboratory work for the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada. (2) The supervision from a medical and surgical standpoint of the supply of major and minor orthopaedic appliances. (3) The decision as to eligibility for dental treatment for ex-members of the Cana- dian or Imperial Forces. (4) The organization and direction of a Nursing Social Service for the follow-up and after-care of ex-members of the Canadian and Imperial Forces who have been discharged from the treatment strength of the department. ORG.\^"Iz.\TION OF Medical Division The general administration of the Medical Division is under the control of the Director of Medical Services at the head office of the department in Ottawa. All ques- tions of policy, the direction and employment of staff, as well as the purchase and distribution of medical and surgical supplies are directed from head oflBce. Physicians in charge of the Foreign Relations, Neuro-Psychiatric and Alter-Oare sections are also located at Ottawa, as well as the chiefs of the Dietary section and the Medical Stores section. 2 DEPARTAtENT OF SOLnjt:Rs- VIVIL RE-ESTABLISUMEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. I921 The Dominion of Canada is dividi'd into tli/veu units whicli correspond for th'- most part with the provinces, exccptinp: tliat the province of Ontario is divided into three units, on account of its size and population. The medical administration of each unit is under the supervision of a Unit ifedical Director, assisted by an Administrative staff. His responsibility includes the organi/.a- tion of hospitals, sanatoria, dispensaries and clinics, as well as the supervisiion of the treatment of patients of the department in private or public institutions. Each institu- tion controlled by the department is administered by a ^Medical Superintendent who is directly responsible to the Fnited Ifedical Director. The personnel of the Unit Medical Directors 6ta£f includee specialists in medi- cine and surgery, most of whom are employed either on a part-time basis or schedule of fees. Specialists are also attached to institutions of the department or are avail- able in the event of their services being required. In each of the smaller towns and villaaree throughout Canada, ob the necessity has arisen, medical representatives have been appointed in order that any necessar.v treatment may be provided, without delay, and arrangements have been made for admission to a suitable institution where this is required. A definite procedure has been established for the rendering of reports and the keeping of the necessary records of the work doae. The department is at the present time operating twenty-five (2.">) hospitals and sanatoria with a total bed capacity of 5,152 (see schedule pp. "7, 38). During the year of 1920, 17 hospitals and sanatoria operated by the department, with a total bed capacity of 2,087, have been closed, and three special institutions with a bed accom- modation of 1,225 have been opened. On December 31, 1920, the department had on strength for treatment 6,431 patients, of whom 5,803 were in-patients and 538 out-patients, totally incapacitated. The in-patients were classified as follows: — General.. .' S.Ttn Tuberculosis 1.2fi(i ♦Insane _ s*i:i Total r..^:::; These were distributed as follows: — (1) In General Treatment Hospitals 3.7!>s (2) In Tuberculosis Sanatoria 1.2i:i (3^ In N'euro-Psychiatric Hospit;ils S4i'. T()t;\l ,-,.S9.'i The total number of patients who received active hospitalization during 1920 was 31,308. In additio-.i to the work shown above as active hospitalization, the department operates general and special clinics for the treatment of recurrent war disabilities among those ex-members of the forces who are in need of treatment of a nature which does not demand hospitalization and which permits the patient to carry on at his ordinary occupation. The clinics are: — ■ (1) General Treatment — (Medical and surgical). (2) Special Sense — (Eye, ear, nose and throat). (3) Genito-Urinary — (All diseases of the tract) ; and (4) Chest Clinics. • There is a differ^nct- of 16S between this figure and the figure shown in the table on page 9 (1.061). The reason is that the figure quoted above ortions were tal'pes of mental disease. The clinical material of the two hospitals has therefore been quite different. This difference will gradually become lees marked as the service at Westminster Hospital is developed along the lines coii* templated. 6 DEl'.MlTitEST OF fiOUtlEltK' ciVir. UK-KS'l'AIiUSIIMKXT 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 pavilion for thirty patients which is an entirely independent unit: and a similarly independent isolation hospital for about twenty-five patients. It has been common experience that tuberculosis is a frequently developing disease among mental patients and under ordinary conditions often undetected. On this account, and because mental patients suffering from tuberculosis are much more suitably treated in a mental hospital thaTi in a tuberculosis sanatorium, it was consid- ered essential to provide special facilities to meet this need. A medical officer who had had special experience in tuberculosis was added to the staff, and it is his diity to make all necessary examinations for the detection of cases of tuberculosis and tuberculosis suspects, and to direct their treatment. In this way not only the welfare of these infected patients, but of the hospital community in general is assured in this *■ respect. The isolation pavilion is designed to meet any needs which may arise in cases of contagious disease, and to minimize the dangers of epidemic. Total number of patients under treatment Westminster Hospital up to Dec- ember 31, 19211 425 Discharged — Recovered T Improved . 25 Unimproved 15 Deported 4 Died 11 Total . . \ On strength December 31, 1920. At both Westminster and Ste. Anne's Hospitals hydrotherapy forms a large *part of the active treatment. Perhaps the most important feature in each institution is the equipment for occupational therapy by means of which all suitable cases are provided with definite daily occupations. The.se occupations include both in and outdoor work of a constructive nature, and lighter occupations suitable for ward classes or bed patients. At Westminster Hospital at the close of the year somewhat over half the in-patient strength were shown as regularly employed in the various in and out-door occupations. This number will be considerably increased with the provision of new occupations and the expansion of those existing. To this work a special medical officer has been detailed at the hospital, whose duty it is to survey all patients and make individual studies of them from the viewpoint of their physical and mental equipment, and occupational capacity and adaptability. It is believed that there is much promise in this plan of having one medic.al officer develop this work as his major interest. The patients reap the benefit not only of healthful employment, but the profits from the sale of their work are credited to the individual patients. The hospital also keeps in touch with outside agencies and employers with a view to placement on trial under protected conditions of suitable cases. It is believed that the plans in operation and contemplated in connection with the occupational branch of the medical service at Westminster Hospital will go far toward the re-establish- ment of cases where the nature of the disability renders such result in any wav possible. Voluntary admissions.— Special legislation was secured in the Ontario Legisla- ture permitting the operation of the Departmental Hospital at London, and reducing to the simplest possible terms the whole procedure of the admission apd disposal of mental patients. One of the most important features of this procedure is the authority to receive voluntary cases. Any nervous or mental patient in need of treatment r^ardless of his clinical diagnosis is entitled to sign a voluntary application form by virtue of AXXUAL REPORT 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 wliich he can be received for treatment, and without auy further formalitie^s. It is a matter of especial gratificatiou that of the nervous and mental patients, all types, on the hospital strength as of Deceanber 31, 1920, 52-6 per cent were on the voluntary basis. At the present time voluntary admissions are legal in four provinces. It is believed, however, that so high a percentage as that just quoted is unequalled in any other hospital. This fagt alone should serve to indicate the character of the work carried on at Westminster Hospital and largely remove the objections which are often encountered to seciding patients to mental hospitals where admission is by the process of commitment with the usual legal machinery by which the patient is formally deprived of his liberties. With the further development of the hospital and the releji.sing of additional accommodation for milder cases it is believed that the percentage of voluntary admis- sions can be materially raised. In the province of Quebec legislation of a similar Tiature with reference to the operation of Ste. Annes hospital is pending. With the accommodation which has become available at the two departmental neuropsychiatric centres it has been possible to carry out a considerable number of transfers from provincial and other i"istitutions. Such transfers have been earlieet carried out from neighbouring hospitals, or from institutions where over-crowding was most serious, or in cases in which it appeared that the best interests of the patients would be furthered by such transfer. Any nervous or mental ease in Canada eligible for treatment under the depart- ment and which for any reason is not suitably disposed of locally may be transferred to one of these two neuropsychiatric centres. Epilepiics. — Hitherto the problem of epileijsy has never become a considerable one. The vast majoritv of cases originally diagnosed as epilei>sy or epileptiform, by reason of convulsive seizures, have long since been re-established. Most of the cases now encountered, in which the diagnosis of epilepsy is substantiated, are pre-enlist- nient conditions in which there has been a service aggravation. A few such cases are under treatment in each unit. It is clear that all cases of epilepsy cannot be considered in a single group from the point of view of treatment. Some of them with only occasional seizures an i si i s s 1^ — teor-Mogog o J;:;"g2— ' s o 1 zg CC -^ ■<»' t^ 00 -^f (N <0 =C OO oS«> ' 3 t-N<0— < 1 ig - :g2SSS-Sg 2 3 ■ -O ■ § i g-3 5l^St^»t-r*»0!S0i - t^ WcO« oa i si 2;g S-S = S3gS :S5 = ;0 . s S a" S25SS33SSS | 2^^" § 1 ;!? S^SSSSSS :SS 1 : :" : ft 1 1 OJ Ca TJH 00 — r- o» 1 1 a; : ■o : § : zZg cqW< 5 1 a c n H •3 1 1 O K ;~ o ^ : " :"" : ^ R < OO (S ;«U30 -V :" : ;; ^ Q Q . .«„^ . «o . a a MCi — <0>-<^ -u5 : S3 < .^■^lO-HM^ "«1< . < a . . .»^„ .c. ; 2 p <: C-NOO*-.-. ■* : E5 rt »o a a < ;-< w^io -" : (S. pi M-*«Ci 0> «- . S ji (x| -< . t-toa lo "- : 22 .s PS ».c. ■ -w c» 'e »-> Q ' •< c,« ■o . o <<«L p feC a LJ.M j I I si ill 10 in:i'MiTMF\r OF SOLDI i:i!s- (nil. i;i:-i:srMii.isii\ii-:\r 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 WksTM I N STKIt 1 1> ISIMT Al."' "The Canadian Xational Committee fur Alcutal Hygiene, being deeply interested in all developments concerning the care of insane and neurological patients, was pleased to be represented by the Medical Director, when an inspection of the West- minster Hospital, Tx)ndon, Ont., was made on December 29, 1!)20. Many well-known psychiatrists and neurologists were present at the inspection, and ample opportunity was given to see every department in the hospital. In addition to the professional men representatives of the War Veterans joined in the survey, which lasted several hours. It was a wise move on the part of the authorities of the Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment to ask for this inspection, as it proved an excellent opportunity to disarm criticism, and to show jK^ople who were interested, that a wise policy of dealing with a difficult jn'oblem is being followed. "The general public has always been suspicious of institutions for the 'care and treatment of mental eases, and hiis to a great extent left them severely alone except when some atrocity, real or fancied, has been discussed. The process of enlightenment regarding the true facts has been slow and discouraging to psychiatrists, and yet real progress is being made. The war made plain the true facts to man.y groups of careful observers, and the strain imposed on the mentally handicapped by war conditions brought to the surface many things not before understood and ai>preciated by the average observer. Notes of sympathy and resentment were struck when it was proposed to put mentally handicapped soldiers into public hospitals, the invariable argument, why should they be submitted to such an indignity? — almost invariably being the one employed. It was not a sound argument, if the public had been doing its duty by its civilians, because the ideal situation would be one that supplied the best care possible for any sick individual whether the illness was mental, physical or both. If such care was not obtainable for the mentally diseased then there was • something rotten in the State of Denmark,' and Provincial Governments were failing in their duty. It opened up a big question and the Military Hospitals Commission and subsequently the military authorities acted with wisdom and discretion in bowing to the popular will b,y providing such an institution as that at Cobourg where the same care was lavished on mental cases as would have been supplied in a well equipped general hospital. "The object lesson has not been lost, and the Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment has been wise in continuing the policy originally adopted at Cobourg, even ^f it does indirectly show a certain want of confidence in the public hospitals for the insane. Of course, public hospitals are profiting by the new enthusiasms, and all over Canada the National Committee finds the most satisfactory improvement in the organization of hospitals for the mentally diseased. 'Westminster Hospital is a splendidly built institution, nearly perfect in its equipment, and represents an outlay of somewhere about two millions of dollars, No money has been uselessly expended on ornamentation and although the building was originally designed for the purpose of a military hospital it has been modified in such a way that it meets the requirements of psychiatry most admirably. It is, in every sense of the word, an inspiration to those who have wished to see better things in the care of the insane developed in Canada, and the fact that it employs a voluntary admission system to such an extent, that practically fifty per cent of the admissions are of this kind, is one of the most admirable features of the institution. "The building ultimately will have a capacity of 500 patients. At present there are 365 on the roll, but only 304 of these are in residence; tie others are on probation. "The medical staff consists of Dr. B. T. McGhie; superintendent; Dr, W. T. B. Mitchell, neurologist; Dr. W. J. McLean, in charge of one reception wing and active •By Dr. C. K. Clarke, Medical Director, Canadian National Committee for Mental Hygiene AXXUAr. liEFORT 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 treatment department^ — he also occupies the position of president of the iledical Board: Dr. H. J. Horn, in charge of the reception ward, also chief of staff; Dr. Xiehol. in charge of the tuberculous wards 1 and 2 B ; Dr. S. T. Towers, in charge of vocational therapy; Dr. H. G. Preston, head of the X-ray, hydro-therapeutic and electro-therapeutic departments. The matron. Miss C. H. Ross, is a returned nurse, who had experience at .Cobourg Military Hospital, and was also in charge of "shell shock" division in Ei-ance. The medical staff has the advantage of youth coupled with enthusiasm, exxjerieuce overseas as well as in many of the provincial institutions, and is admirably equipped to carry on the important work entrusted to it. The_matron is an enthusiast, and combines with her enthusiasm the ability to get results that are most gratifying. "It would be difficult to imagine a better equipped hospital from the standpoint of cleanliness, good housekeeping, and excellent management. The nurses number nineteen. This includes the matron and the social service nurse. In addition to this there are twenty-three trained attendants, an occupational staff numbering eighteen, and sixteen ward aides, all trained. The occupational staff is made up pretty largely of women who obtained their training at Toronto. There are no less than sixty-three medical orderlies, men who are well trained and have an intelligent conception of the work they are to do. While their training lasts but three months, yet during that time they are thoroughly instructed in routine ward work, hydro- therapy, the method of taking care of excited patients, acute cases, and those who are intent on committing suicide. With a staff as extensive as this, better results should be looked for than are to be expected in public hospitals for the insane, where the question of maintenance is so frequently regarded as of far more importance than the welfare of the patients. "IBefore referring to the institution as a curative and custodial establishment it may be well to describe some of the arrangements within the hospital. It is unusually well lighted, and those who had the designing of Westminster did not forget that it is just as important to provide solaria and places for recreation as it is to develop dormitories. The result is that nowhere can Qvercrowding take place, and the opportunity to deal with the individual exists on every side. Welsh quarry tile has been used wherever tiling has been necessary, with pleasing results, and the flooring of the institution has been done very largely in birch, a wood that when properly laid is one of the best of all for institutions, as it k warm in colour, has a pleasing effect, and is durable. "The hydro-therapeutic installations to be found all through the institution are excellent, and the continuous baths so numerous that the control of excitement is a simple matter. "The dining rooms are bright, cheerful and well equipped. A pleasing feature is that the cafeteria system is used, and evidently is satisfactory. "In addition to the main hospital, and isolation hospital, a unit for the care otf the tuberculous, a fine amusement hall, separate quarters for employees, cottages for medical officers, etc., exist, making altogether a unique institution. When it is remembered that the hospital has only been operated as a psychiatric department since May, the results achieved are somewhat stirprising. "The amusement hall is constantly in use, and three nights a week are devoted to "movies," the hospital beiug on a regular circuit, A weekly dance too takes place, and other entertainments are provided by the institution and by the people of the city of London, who take a deep interest in the hospital, in this way coming in touch with a situation that is only too frequently ignored by iwople who should be educated in regard to the care of the insane and neuropathic. '■ The moot point in regard to the organization of Westminster Hospital is that regarding the type of patient to be received, some neurologists maintaining that neuro- 12 DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISR.VENT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 logical cases should not he admitted, the idea being that it is detrimental to them to be associated with distinctly mental cases, and the stigma attached to hospitals for the insane is such a well fixed thing in the eye of the public that harm must result. It is a difficult question, but a visit such as that made yesterday does much to disarn; criticism of this kind, it being so evident that the cases received in this hospital are truly those likely to be benefited by the treatment. The voluntary admission system,, too, does away almost entirely with the objections that might be urged where admi-ssion by certificate is insisted on. It is a difficult matter to differentiate between the so called functional neuroses and cases which are to be regarded as curable from the psychiatric standpoint. At all events, any objection that might be urged with. some degree of success may easily be silenced by erecting a further unit that might be used for jthe study and cure of so-called ' problem cases.' No doubt this point will be considered in due course by those in authority. "As must ever be the ease in a successful hospital for the mentally diseased, occupational therapy is the keynote in the management, and it is not being lost sight of in this institution. With a farm of one hundred acres, with unlimited capacity for development of truck gardens, horticulture, etc., outdoor employment can be found for all those who reauire it, and as Mr. Turle.y* suggested in an admirable speech at the conclusion of the visit, if facilities for raising plants on a large scale during the winter months could be provided, another outlet for the energies of the patients might be found. Employment is provided on an extensive scale, and might be further developed with advantage, because different individuals require different occupations — what appeals to one does not attract the other — and any one who knows how much the success of a hospital depends on the psychological study of the individual, realizes that considerable ingenuity has to be shown in the finding of the right thing for each patient to do. Drill classes, for example, are greatly enjoyed by certain types, and yet are useless for others; bead stringing is not an industry attractive to everybody, and basketry might prove monotonous; carpentry appeals to some, others are devoid of the mechanical ability to succeed, and so on. Industries available at present in Westminster are physical drill, carpentry, shoemaking, weaving, basketry, raffia work, furniture-making, wood-carving — an excellent industry for certain artistic kinds because it involves so little in outlay for material and takes so much time. Other occupations are contemplated, and will in a short time be introduced. If any criticism is to be made of the arrangements for occupational therapy in Westminster, it is, that trivial ocupations possibly receive more attention than they deserve, but under con- ditions of development that was apparently unavoidable. At all events, the great majority of the patients in Westminster are occupied at something, and an outlet is found for the wares produced, in a ready market. A recent sale netted in the neighbour- hood of one thousand dollars, and this money was given to the patients after the actual cost of material had been deducted; in some cases the money was deposited to the credit of the patient, in others given to them as they find use for it at an excellent canteen which exists, where the prices are kept within reasonable limits. This idea is a good one, and rather unusual in such institutions. It encourages the patients to produce marketable ware§, and lessens the feeling of humilation which might result if they were not allowed to participate in the profits of their industry. " Such a iKilicy would have been considered heresy in the good old days, and the idea of considering a group of the mentally diseased as worthy of any degree of trust would have been opposed. It is true though, that the more the effort is made to humanize the patients even in custodial institutions the better will be the results. I deliberately did away with so called refractory wards in an institution over which I presided and as far as jwssible, beautified the corridors where it had been the custom •Provincial Secretary of the Ontario Command of the G.W.V.A. ASyUAL REPORT 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 to segreg-ate cases of excitement. The results were more than gratifying, and the point of view was pretty well illustrated by one ckronie disturber who said to me, 'Doctor will you kindly have me removed to some other place where the surroundings are less beautiful as I hate to smash the pretty ornaments and bric-a-brac here.' In other words, she was receiving a healthy lesson in self-control.- As is to be expected a great many of the wards are open, and everytl^ing possible is done to make the patients feel that they are visitors rather than prisoners. The experiment with voluntary admissions is a most encouraging thing, and 50 per cent of the recent admissions come under this heading. The number is steadily increasing, and yet of 320 admissions no less than 140 were of the voluntary type. " We took occasion during our visit to question many of the patients closely regarding their impressions of the hospital, and the treatment they were receiving. It so happened that some chronic kickers were shown, and it was reassuring to find that these patients admitted that no fault could be found either with the surroundings, the food, or with those who were looking after them. " The aim of Dr. Farrar, who is largely responsible for this splendid development, is to make Westminster an active treatment centre, and its usefulness may be con- tinued for many years with satisfactory results. "We were received on our visit by Dr. Alexander, the Assistant Medical Director for Western Ontario, who was indefatigable in his attention to us, and who has played an important part in the development of Westminster Hospital. " Dr. McGhie, the superintendent, had the advantage of association with Major Young in Cobourg, and much of the excellent work that was carried on there is being continued with the best ideals ever presented to the subordinates. "When Westminster is fully developed along the lines proposed, it will be an object lesson to the provincial institutions, where the superintendents are enthusiastic enough to produce results, but have never been given equipment in the way of trained help, vocational assistants, trained nurses of the best type, trained aides, and intelligent orderlies. "There is little use in blinking at these facts, and just as long as governments will insist on managing hospital affairs themselves without the aid of an expert commission the results will be discouraging. 'Political exigency has ever been the curse of government institutions, and will remain a detriment until a properly con- stituted commission is appointed — a commission that has no other interest than that of serving the public in the most intelligent way x>ossible. It will mean a large increase in maintenance, but the benefits and results will more than justify the expenditure. " Of course, the psychopathic hospital will minimize the diificulties to be faced, very materially, but the educational effect of such an institution as Westminster will bring about the reforms asked for much more quickly than any other method." SOCIAL SEEVICE SEGTIOX. In the reconstructive work of rehabilitation of the disabled soldier, the Social Service nurse has become an essential and indispensable part of a programme which has for its aim the restoration, preservation azid promotion of health among those ex-soldiers who come under the care of this department. This is a specialized nursing activity, and the Social Service nurse is to be r^arded not merely as an attendant upon the sick, but rather as an educator and reformer. She must possess, in addition to the educational and technical qualifi- cations incidental to her professional calling, a special experience and training in the fundamental sciences of psychology, sociology, hygiene, sanitation and nutrition. 14 nFI'ARTJIEy'T 01' fiOI.TUEUS- CIVIL RF-KSTAHI.I ^IIMEST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 PartiiMpntion in or duplication of the work for which the dilTerent Public Health orpanizntions are responsible is avoided by mutual co-operative arrangements with Public Health officials. All Social Service work is under the direction of the Unit -Medical Director or other physician, and is carried out only in accordance vrith his expressed instructions. The character of the work don'e varies with the type of case, and these may be divided roughly as, follows: — 1. Tuhercuhus cases. — The period after dischai-ge from sanatorium of an arrested or quiescent tuberculous case must be very carefully considered and planned in order to guard against relapse of the disease. It has been found that the sudden change from perfectly ordered hygienic surroundings, with good food, fresh air and skilled medical attention, to the con- ditions under which the less well off must so frequently live and work, is a strain which many cannot withstand. Following discharge from sanatorium, each individual case is visited at his home within one month of his dischai-ge, and at varying intervals subsequently, according as the circumstances of the case demand. The Social Service nurse, in visiting the home of a tuberculous case, observes existing conditions in the environ- ment, and. when indicated, instructs and demonstrates to the patient and members of the household the precautions which must be taken to avoid spread of the disease. She brings to the aid of the patient such measures of relief as are required, and helps to regulate those factors in the daily life of the household which have a direct relation to health — cleanliness, diet, clothing, fresh air, sleep, and recreation. In this way, the Social Service nurse not only supplements the efforts of the physician, but also is able, as a result of her technical training, to report new conditions which are unfavouraible, and observe symptoms which indicate recurrence of the disease, necessitating readmission to sanatorium. ' 3. Neurological and mental cases. — Tlie Social Service nurse helps the patient and household to meet the difficulties involved in the period of readjustment from hospital to home, adding thereby to the peace of mind which is so essential to prompt recovery. She assists the patient in carrying out the physician's instructions, heli>s to eliminate or readjust contributory factors in the environment, teaches the principles of mental hygiene and generally exercises supervision until the need therefor is no longer present. It is frequently desirable thift an investigation be made of home conditions before such a case is discharged from hospital, as this information may have a direct bearing on the duration of hospital treatment which may be required. 3. Out-patients, class one. — As treatment of this class of case is for the most part of short duration, and as they are usually of a light medical or surgical nature, there are fewer indications for Social Service investigation and this is, as a rule, only carried out at the request of the individual or of the physician in charge of the case. Such visits may be made for the purpose of providing actual nursing care, for investigation and report as regards home conditions, or for the purpose of ascertain- ing if the individual is carrying out the instructions as given by the physician in charge, relative to his treatment. 4. Special .rases. — These comprise those cases for vhom special provision is made under P.O. 2328. For the guidance of the Unit IHsablement Board in dealing with applications for assistance, it is necessary that an investigation of home conditions be made in each instance to verify the claims made by the applicant. AXXUAL REPORT 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 5. Co-opi-raitvp visiti: — Other reports of an unclassified nature are frequently required by other branches, departments or units, relative to home conditions, to investigate claims made by individuals and for various other purposes. The Social Service organization of this department being maintained only for the care and welfare of disafcled soldiers is necessarily of a limited character. There are throughout Canada thirty-four Social Service nurses and as an indication of the work accomplished by that oi-ganization during the past year, the following table is appended, summarizing the visits made. SOCIAL SERVICE INAESTICATIOSS Tuberculous cases 3,8S4 Out-patients (Class 1) 5,8S4 Problem cases (P.C. 23 2S) 2.013 Neurological and mental capes 2,921 Co-operative and unclassifirfl 19,238 Total 33,940 DIETARY SECTIOJ^ During the orgnization of the D.S.C.R., it was considered essential to establish a Dietary Branch in connection with the general plan of hospitalization. With this in view, a survey was made of the dietetic services in the large modern hospitals, and as a result of these observations an efficient dietary service was installed in the various institutions controlled or oijerated by the department. A graduate dietitian is in charge of the entire hospital cuisine, whose duties comprise the provision of suitable diet for patients, as prescribed by the attending physicians, as well as meals for the general hospital staff. In order to meet the precarious appetities which must necessarily exist among patients in hospitals, menus are carefully worked out so as to furnish a sufficiently wide range of choice to meet the individual demands of the patients. The Dietary Section in a departmental hospital or sanatorium is called upon to furnish meals for the entire hospital population, which range from 50,000 to 4.000 meals per month. The duties of the dietitian are practically the same in each institution, only varying in the volume of work performed with the size of the hospital. The routine work comprises: — 1. Ordering of monthly, weeldy and daily food supplies through the Purchasing Branch of each unit. 2. Checking of supplies as they are issued. 3. Overseeing of the preparation of food. 4. Supervision of distribution and serving of prepared food. 5. Cost accounting of the dietary branch. 6. Preparation of menus. Daily menus are worked out by the dietitians under three general headings, as follows: — 1. Suitable meals for patients on general diet. 2. Proper meals for employees on full duty. 3. Specially prepared diets as prescribed by the medical staff. Patients requiring highly specialized diets, e.g., diabetics and nephritics, are concentrated in a given hospital in each Unit in so far as it is practicable, as the preparation of such diets entail considerable waste of food- supplies and call for so much personal attention on the part of the dietitian and kitchen personnel that the general routine of the kitchen is more or less distiirbed. Therefore, it was considered 16 DEPARTMENT OF SOLniElif!' ClYIl. FlE-EiirABLISHifEST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 much more satisfactory both £rom a standpoint of economy and smooth operation of the kitchen, to place these patients all under one roof. Under this arrangement. it was found that special diets could be i^repared with the absolute minimum of food loss. Sanatorium c«ises present a somewhat different problem as compared with general hospital patients in regard to dietetics. As a result of their disabilities and long hospitalization, due consideration must be given to fickle and indifferent appetites, and every effort is made to prepare the meals in the most appetizing and attractive manner, in order to encourage patients to eat so that their body weight, which is so essential in the treatment of these cases, may be maintained and increased in so far :is this is jxDssiblc, by proper feeding. As a result of the special articles of diet that are required for patients undergoing sanatorium treatment, the food costs are higher than is the case in general treatment hospitals. There are many factors which enter into the cost of operating the Dietary Branch in each institution. No fixed establishment can be laid down for any given liospital, the size of the staff being materially affected by the type of hospital con- struction, kitchen equipment and number of "tray patients" in the institution, all of which may increase or decrease the operating expenses. The present high cost ■of foodstuffs, culinary equipment, cleaning materials and increased wages demanded by kitchen help, have added considerably to the general operating charges. Conservation of kitchen by-products is carefully supervised with the result that considerable revenue is derived from this source, all moneys so obtained being turned in to the Accounting Branch. The policy of establishing a Dietaiy Branch in the various hospitals has been fully justified and has resulted in an excellent food service and considerable economy to the department. FOREIGX EELATIOXS SECTION Reciprocal arrangements have been entered into by the department with the Governments of Great Britain (for the British Isles, South Africa and the Crown Colonies), New Zealand, Newfoundland and the United States, whereby ex-members of the Canadian forces resident in these countries may be given treatment for war disabilities, and ex-members of the forces of these countries resident in Canada, may 1)6 given treatment for war disabilities, by the department. The arrangements for the treatment of ex-members of the Canadian forces resident outside of Canada, and of ex-members of the Imperial forces resident in the United States, are made by the Foreign Relations Section of the Department at head office, and include the keeping of records, the issue of pay and allowances, etc. In the United States, treatment is provided by the United States Public Healtli Service, in accordance with procedure established by the Bureau of War Risk Insur- ance. So far as possible the department has advised all ex-members of the forces resident in the United States, regarding the arrangements made, in order that they may know exactly what action to take, in the event of their requiring treatment for disabilities caused or aggravated by service. In general, cases, which require treatment for short periods only, or in which, for climatic or family reasons, it is considered desirable to continue treatment in the United States are admitted to institutions under the supervision of the United States Public Health Service, but it is the policy of the department to return to Canada, cases which require special treatment, such as neurological or orthoi«;die cases, and those which will likely be of long duration. .lyWAL REPORT 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The American Red Cross has beeu of splendid service in co-operating with the department by providing advances of money, and adjusting domestic difficulties. The work ordinarily performed by the Social Service section of the Medical Branch in Canada is carried on in the United States by the American Red Cross. All branches of the Ajnerican Red Cross are aware of the arrangements made with the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, and the United States Public Health Service, and ex-members of the forces requiring treatment, are referred by them to the proper authorities. Arrangements have also been made by the department for the provision of treatment to ex-members of the French forces resident in Canada, who are suffering from disabilities due to service, and the department is reimbursed by the French Government for the exi^ense involved. The treatment of es-members of the Canadian forces resident in Great Britain, is under the supervision of the Overseas Medical Representative of the department, 103 Oxford street, W. 1., England. ' St.\tistics, July^ 1919, to December, 1920 ex-iiembers op united states forces in canada Cases under treatment IS* Cases under investigation 50 Total. Cases disjyosed of — Treated and discharged 35 Reports secured (no treatment required) 162 Reports requested (men returned to United States) 166 Total 363 Grand total EX-MEMBERS OF CANADIAN FORCES IN THE UNITED STATES In-patients on the strength of the D.S.C.R Ill Cases under investigation as in-patients 74 Total 185 Out-patients. Class 1 7 Cases receiving dental treatment 15 Cases under investigation 2Uo Total 227 Total 412 Cases disposed of — Discharged from hospital 4.S3 Out-patients treated at cUnlcs 166 Orthopa;dic and surgical appliances supplied 154 Service disability disclaimed 140 Treatment not required 785 Returned to -Canada 251 Men not located 157 Died ..'.'.'.'.'!! 58 Total 2.164 Grand total 2.578 * 15 ot these are out-patients. Class 2. 14—2 18 nEPARTMf.xr or soij)u:its- m th i;t:-FsTAmisnMF:\r 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 EX-MEMBERS OF IMPERIAL. FORCES IN UNITED STATE3S In-patlents on the strength of the D.S.C.R 42 Under immediate investigation as in-patients 4 4 Total . . s« Cases under investigation . . i"" Total 17« Cases disposed of — uischarged from hospital 116 Out-patients treated at clinics 64 Orthopsedlc and surgical appliances supplied 46 Service disability disclaimed 17 No action required 147 Returned to England from United States 5 Returned to Canada from Uniled States 30 Men not located 35 Died 16 Total ■176 Orand total 652 BOARD OF TUBERCULOSIS SANATORIUM CONSULTANTS— SUMMARY OF REPORT In April, 1920, the Director Medical Services of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establisliment appointed a Board of Tuberculosis Sanatorium Consultants, consisting of the following specialists in the treatment of tuberculosis: — Dr. C. D. Parfitt (chairman), ^Medical Director, Calydor Sanatorium, Graven- hiirst, Ont. Dr. W. M. Hart, formerly O.C., Special (TuliorcuUisit^) Hospital, Lenham, Kent, England, and Saskatchewan Sanatorium, Fort Qu'Appelle, Sask. Dr. J. R. Byers, Medical Superintendent, Laurentian Sanatorium, Ste. Agathe des Monts, P.Q. Dr. A. F. Miller, ^ledical Superintendent, Nova Scotia Sanatorium. Kentville, N.S. Dr. D. A. Stewart, ^fedical Superintendent. Manitoba Sanatorium, Ninette, Man. This board was instructed by the Director Medical Services to study, in general, the whole question of the treatment of tuberculosis occurring amongst the ex-membors of the Canadian and Imperial forces in Ca-nada. The greatest liberty of investigation was afforded at all points. Business details were not specified as part of the inquiry, but special reports were to be made in detail on the several sanatoria, regarding: — (1) The suitability, sufficiency and efficiency of the plant in general, and its equipment and furnishings. (2) The personnel in general, and especially the medical personnel as regards special training and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. (3) Medical standards and records as regards method and efficiency. AXXVAL h'Eroirr 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 (4) Conclusions regarding patiente examined by the board: — (a) Patients who have been under treatment for a longer period than five months, with a view to determining whether the department is justified in retaining them longer in the sanatorium for treatment. (b) Patients of uncertain diagnosis, or those under treatment for conditions other than pulmonary tuberculosis, but who, in the judgment of the medical superintendent, require prolonged sanatorium treatment. (c) Any special cases for whom a medical superintendent required consul- tation. (d) All patients i-a whom poison gas may have been a factor in producing illness (especially those with official histories of exposure), with a view to determining the etiological association of the exposure with thr condition for which the patient is being treated. (5) The quality, source of supply, preparation and service, of the food. (6) Complaints, which, without prejudice, may have been brought forward by patiente, staff or employees, individually or assembled, by the invitation oi the board. These to be forwarded to the Director Medical Services with comments and recomrheadations. (7) Recommendations as to: — (a) Xecessary or desirable additions to, or alterations of, plant and equip- ment, especially in regard to improvement of medical facilities, viz : artificial pneumothorax apparatus. X-ray department, laboratory, dental department, provision for natural or artificial sunlight, hydrotherapeutic arrangements, desirable development of a medical library, occupational therapy and vocational training. (h) Improvements of medical standards and records. (c) Modifications of service and policy. (d) Concentration of patients wherever practicable, with the closing of unnecessary or less-efficient sanatoria. I-i addition to the care of patients under treatment the general question of the after-care, and employment after discharge from the sanatorium of the tuberculous ex-service man was to be given consideration. In connection with this subject a special report was required regarding the applicability of Order in Council P.C. 2S28 to the sanatorium dischargee. The board assembled at Ottawa on April 16, 1920, and reported verbally four months later, after havi^ag completed its survey of the twenty-six sanatoria in Canada and the special clinics treating D.S.C.R. patients. The several matters to be considered are dealt with in a series of reports as follows : — (1) The application of Order in Council P.C. 2328 to the tuberculous ex-service man. (2) Medical statistics regarding (a) patients in residence, (6) patients dis- charged. (3) The present and future distribution of D.S.C.R. patients in sanatoria. (4) A critical review of the several sanatoria inspected with classified notes on details. (5) A classified record of complaints -and suggestions from patients, staffs and employees, with comments. (6) The after-care, post-sanatorium employment, and possible re-establishment of the tuberculous ex-service man. (7) A general review of the tuberculosis problem a* regards the ex-service ma-a, with conclusions and recommendations. 14—25 20 ni:rM}TMi-:\r of f^oLniKus' cirii iir:-f:fiTArii.!siniF.\T 11 GfORGE V, A. 1921 Medical Statistics* incidence of tubercl'losis in the c.e.f. The 8,571 so-called tuberculous ex-service men treated by the department to April 30, 1920, when proportioned to the 590,572 men entered in the C.E.F. , give an incidence rate of 2-5 per 1,000, yearly, for the 5| years oonsiidered. This •will 'be referred to 83 the crude incidence rate. The average numiber of men under arms throughout the jwriod of the war, with deductions for dead and missing, has been cetimated at 317,000. The annual incidence rate is, therefore, more fairly based upon this numiber, and is 4-7 per 1,000. Since S-6 per cent of the patients treated in sanatoria were diagnosed as non-tuberculous, •4 per 1,000 should be deducted, leaving 4-3 per 1,000 ae tuberculous. These are further divided into bacillary positive cases, 1-9 per 1,000 (44 per cent), and clinically tuber- culous cases, 2-4 per 1,000. This rate of 4-3 vfill be referred to as the corrected incidence rata COMP.IRISON WITH B.E.F. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in the British Forces, obtained by proportioning the total cases to total enlistments, without correction for the annual average under arms, is 107 per 1,000, yearly. It is understood that, in Great Britain, the presence of bacilli was necessary for a diagnosis of tuberculosis; so that, instead of comparing the rate of 2-5 per 1,000, similarly obtained for the C.E.F., with the British rate, the crude rate for baciHary positive eases only should be ufied, 11 per 1,000 (44 per cent of the 2-5 crude rate). The incidence rate is, therefore, approximately the same in the two armies; but, in Canada, 1-4 per 1,000 have been treated' in addition as being probably tuberculous. COMPARISON WITH A.E.F. The rejections for tuberculosis from the first million men drafted into the American army, were 8-73 per 1,000 — more than six times the death rate estimated for men of military age in Canada. This was quite a non-selective draft, and many cases of active tuberculosis were necessarily included. The break-down rate during service (incidence) was 2-9 per 1,000, rather more than the probable comparable incidence (2-5) of the C.E.F. COMPARISON WITH CIML LIFE A connparison between the incidence of tuberculosis in the army and in civil \iif, while of interest; and importance, may only be approximated. Too short a time has • Note. — (1) Because of the month In which this inquiry commenced, the numbers con- sidered are as they were on April 30. IBM. unless otherwise stated. (2) Apparent discrepancies in number are due to the following causes: — - (o) The department records as one individual only, each patient taken on strength for treatment, no matter how often taken on strength. (b) The sanatoria include amongst admissions ajid discharges patients who have been transferred from one institution to another, and those who have been readntitted for treatment By most institutions, these are counted as separate individuals each time. (c) Numbers recorded in aggregates are not invariably obtained from all or the same sanatoria. (3) Computatian : — (a) Averages are invariably made from numbers, actual or computed; never from per- centages. (6) Basic numbers from which percentages are derived vary. Hence, when comparing percentages, their origins must be considered. (c) Where it would have been unreasonable to demand a classification based upon a study of the case-records of all the patients discharged, because of the considerable number involved, serial groups of 100 cases only have been classified. These have been distributed proportionately to the total under consideration. From a classifloation of each serial group, the p»oportions obtained have been applied only to the total of the same institution. AXXUAL REPORT 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 elapsed for the death-rate from tuberculosis in the army to become reliable for com- parison with the civilian death-rate. The civilian death-rate is the only index of the amount of tuberculous disease in the community at large; and, by multiplying this by various factors, estimates have been made of the morbidity, or tuberculous statue, of the comimunity, existing at any one tnme. It is fallacious, however, to compare this momentary status with the annual incidence, or crop of tuberculosis, yielded by the army, removed from it, and placed in sanatoria. The civilian incidence is that amount of new tuberculosis which yearly enters the tuberculous grouip to replace losses by death and recovery, absolute or relative. The civilian incidence, with some variation, has long been operating to evolve the tuberculous group. It can be ehown that, operating for a period of 20 years, an annual incidence of twice the death-rate vtiU compensate losses by death; maintain an average number of 5 times the death-rate of clinically active cases ; a group of equal size of less obviously active cases ; and a group of arrested caees ten times as large as the death-rate. Two- thirds of this group of arrested cases (16 per cent of the incidence) will not die from tuberculosis within the period. This last group is fairly comparable with the 25 per cent of patients who do not die from tuberculoeis within 20 years after discharge from the Trudeau Sanatorium. (Trudeau Sanatorium Analysis). After the 20-year period, this status wiU be maintained by an incidence rate one-third greater than the death- rate. Thus, the several estimates of the relation of morbidity to mortality, the results of approximations or surveys, can be satisfied. In Canada, the death-rate from tuberculosis in 1915, was 1-08 per 1,000 for tha whole population. For men of military age, the rate has been estimated at 136 per 1,000 for the whole country, from incomplete vital statistics. This group had a rate of 1-06 per 1,000 in the provinces of Ajberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario. The general rate for these four provinces was -84. This relatively more vigorous population provided 66 per cent of the enlistments. The development of tuberculosis ■n'ill continue, somewhat modified, because of selection, in the army group, apart from all considerations of army life. The army has had the advantage of the selection of an average higher physical manhood than the average of civilian life, while the men composing it have had the advantage of regularitj' of life; much time si>ent in the open; and a higher standard of food. On the other hand, the men have undergone varied hardshii)s of service, and have been exposed to intercurrent disease through close association in barracks, etc., to a greater extent than have civilians. Any diiference between the natural civilian incidence for men of militai-y age, and the actual incidence in the army group, will be due to army life. An incidence rate somewhere between one and! one-third times and twice the death-rate (1-&6 for males of military age) may reasonably be assumed to 'be operating in any case, as amongst civilians. This will be from 1-8 to 3-7 per 1,000. The corrected army incidence was shown to be 4.3 per 1,000. An additional incidence rate somewhere between 2-5 and 1-6 per 1,000 may, therefore, fairly be considered due to army life. This is an increase over the estimated rate of incidence for civilians of 140 per ceut in the first instance, and 60 per cent in the second. Broadly speaking, there is, then, twice as much tuberculosis amongst the ex-service men of the C.E.F., as amongst civilians of the same age period, (20-44). .U)MISS10XS TO SANATORIA The total number of admissions to twenty-two sanatoria were 9,382, and 7,570 (80-6 per cent) have been classified according to the province of enlistment. Pro- vincial patients not classified, 1,364 (14-6 per cent of the total), cannot be distributed. The omiasicns are, however, fairly compensated, since, by readmissions for relapse (1,042) and transfers of patients from one sanatorium to another, the numiber of 22 nKPARrME\T OF SOLDI FRi^' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISBSIEST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 aofaniseions showu is approximiateV 20 per cent in excess of the number of individuaU who enter sanatoria for treatment for tuberculosis. These discrepancies cannot be fully corrected at the present time. PRO\nXCTAL INCIDENCE When these groups are proportioned to the number of men enlisted from the respective provinces (the same factors for correction being applied as were used for obtaining the incidence ratio), there is found, with two exceptions, a variation in rates for the several provinces comparable with the variations for the civilian rates. From Alberta eastward there is a fairly consistently increased incidence from 3-16 in Alberta to 9-95 per 1,000 in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, the rate rising rapidly east of Ontario, while in British Columlbia the rate of 4-25 lies midway between the rates for Ontario and Quebec. The exceptions are Saskatchewan, in which province the civilian rate is unduly low (due possibly to error in recording vital statistics), and Nova Scotia, which apparently has a relatively highly tuber- culized population, with a greater number of breakdowns on service in consequence. The tuberculosis in the army, then, is strictly proportionate to the amount in the civil population from which the men have been drawn. The more tuberculized the province, the more tuberculosis will be found amonjrst its ex-service men. CLASSIF1C.\T10X OF PATIENTS A classification of aU the patients treated at the several sanatoria gives the composite opinion of all the physicians who, during the past six years, have under- taken the several statistical groupings, according to their individual interpretation of the criteria defined by the National Tuberculosis Association. In some cases, opinions were necessarily based upon the work of predecessors. Experience, facilities for investigation, and the degree of opportunity for intensive work, will all be variable factors in the grading of cases. Transfers from one institution to another, and readknissions for relapse, cause some confusion since they not only swell the apparent number of patients treated, but they may be graded differently both on readmission and on redischarge. The latter, moreover, are in many cases treated in some other than the original sanatorium of admission. All numbers used are the actual figures, and when numbers derived from percentages are used it is so stated. The basic groups must vary since classification for all patients cannot be obt-ained. These groups are, however, so large that proportions derived from any of them may fairly be applied to other groups, if other, not given, ratios are desired. Some further studies, still incomplete, cannot be included. Special analyses, at the cost of much time, have been made by the several superintendents in order to make this summary possible. ADMITTED P.\T1ENTS For 8,571 tuberculous patients treated by the department, there have been more than 9,382 admissions to twenty-three sanatoria and three special tuberculosis wards of general hospitals, besides some to other institutions from which information was not obtained. An analysis has been made of 6,463 admissions and discharges. Of these patients admitted, 5,850 (90-7 per cent) had pulmonary tuberculosis, and 47 per cent of these were bacillary positive; 41 (0-63 per cent) had tuberculosis other than pulmonary; 564 (8-7 per cent) were not considered tuberculous, and in 8 (012 per cent) there was no record of diagnosis. The pulmonary tuberculosis group was further classified as 9-3 per cent of doubtful evidence; 25-7 per cent as incipient; 40-2 per cent as moderately advanced and 24-7 per cent as far advanced cases. A\yi'AL REPORT 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 MSCHAKGED PATIENTS Of the patients discharged, 111 (1-7 per cent) were not recorded; 559 (S-6 per cent) were consiidered not to tie tuberculous, while 5,793 were tu'berculous and classified as follows: disease arrested, 345 (5-9 per cent); apparently arrested, 1,265 (21-9 per cent) ; quiescent, 1,396 (24-1 per cent) ; improved, 1,654 (28-6 per cent) ; unimproved, 719 (12-4 per cent) ; died, 414 (7-1 per cent). The non-tuberculous group, mostly with disorders of the respiratory tract, includes diseases which complicated diagnosis. Of the 343 cases classified, 4 were cured (0-9 per cent) ; in 14 (5-6 per cent) the disease was quiescent; in 203 (S5-3 per cent) improved; in 27 (7-8 per cent) unimproved and 5 (1-3 per cent) died. Relapse was the cause of 1,042 (estimated) (11-2 per cent) of the 9,382 admis- sions, and relapsed cases numbered 731 (10-8 per cent) of the 6,771 discharged, and 177 (12-8 per cent) of 1.376 of those now under treatment. These patients help to raise the proportion of bacillary positive cases in the present patients to 54 per cent, as compared with 47 per cent in the discharged group. In the combined groups, 43-8 per cent were bacillary positive. It is inevitable that th^ number of admissions for relapse, compared with direct admissions, will steadily increase and they, along with progressive long-treated cases, will ultimately form the large proportion of patients who mvist be kept under treat- ment. Not all relapsed cases are readmitted, but the majority probably re-enter sana- toria. Comparable figures for civilian patients are not available. The primary causes of relapse have been classified, but it should be recognized that several factors may be closely correlated and the cause not always fairly deter- mined. They are as follows for a combined group of 7,550 discharged and present cases: Insufficient treatment, 49 per cent (424); misconduct, 13 per cent (110); intercurrent disease, 17 per cent (144); insufficient monetary compensation from the Government, 4 i>er cent (3S) ; overwork, 13 per cent (113) ; unhygienic living and working conditions, 1 per cent (7) ; other causes, 3 per cent (29). In the group under treatment aa compared with the discharged group, intercurrent disease, insufficient monetary compensation, and overwork, have increased relatively as causes of relapse, with proportionate decrease in the other groups. Insufficient treatment in the majority of instances has been due to the patients' unwillingness to remain in the saTiatorium. Insubordination has been a cause of discharge in 2 per cent of the dischargees. DURATIOX OF TREATMENT The average length of treatment of discharged patients has been 5J months, the maximum average of one institution was 8-J months, and the minimum average IJ months (in a reception and distribution hospital where only advanced cases were retained). DURATION OF DISABILITV A forecast of the future of the discharged patients has been made from data obtained from representative serial groups of 100 cases from each of fifteen sanatoria. The patients are classified in groups according to the degree and probable duration of their disability. This should prove for all kinds of cases to be temporary in 37 per cent (2,860 of 7,716 discharges) ; indefinite in 33 per cent (2,465) ; and permanent iti 31 per cent (2,385), including 8 per cent (615) who died. The bacillary positive pulmonary cases (3,620) show naturally a less favourable outlook. Only 11 per cent of these are likely to be but temporarily disabled; 35 per cent will probably be indefi- nitely, and 54 per cent permanently, disabled, including 16 per cent who died. 24 DEPARTME\T OF SOLDIER.^ CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHilEST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 PATIENTS STILL UNDER TREATMENT The patients under treatment on April 30, 1920, were 1,791, on the strength of the department, and 1,530 of these -were at the several sanatoria. The latter on analysis show up rather leee favourably than do the patients discharged. The average duration of residence is already 18 days (12 per cent) longer, 2-4 per cent more are bacillary positive; relapsed cases are greater by 1-7 per cent and the forecast as to disablement is worse; 7 per cent of the temporary group having dropped into lese favourable groups. Of the 1,436 patients under treatment during the time of the board's visits 103 (7-2 per cent) were ex-officers, 24 (1-7 per cent) were ex-nursing sisters, and 1,309 (91-1 per cent) were ex-service men of other ranks. Of these ako, 378 (26-3 per cent) were in the infirmary, 264 (18-4 per cent) were up, but restricted to a porch life, while 794 (55-3 per cent) were able to take varying amounts of exercise aad to work in the occupational shops and schools. (Numbers were derived from percentages of 1,358 analysed.) OVERSEAS GROUP TS. NOT-0^"ERSEAS GROUP Seventy-sev m per cent of patients treated for tuberculosis were men who had been overseas. An interesting comparison of results of treatment obtai^ned in ex-service men who have been overseas, and those who did not leave Canada, is made poesible by figures obtained from the department covering a period of 16 months; 3,218 cases of men in both categories have been classified as 73 per cent tuberculous; 3 per cent non-tuberculous; 6 per cent refractory (AWL 2 per cent and refused treatment 4 per cent) ; 18 per cent no record. Considering those classified as tuber- culous (of whom 1,745 (75 per cent) were overseas men and 585 (25 per cent) not overseas), the following results of treatment are found: In proportion to 100 overseas cases in each instance, the disease i-n not-overseas cases was apparently arrested in 209, quiescent in 143, improved in 86, unimproved in 115, and 71 died. Similarly proportioned, the not-overseas non-tuberculous cases were 68, and the refractory cases 28. The less satisfactory results for the overseas group are due to four main causes : greater hardship and conditions which favoured advance of disease until recognized; interference with treatment because of travel and change of hospital or sanatorium; varied standards of medical control; restlessness with refractoriness to necessary regime, resulting from military life. The last-mentioned factor is shown by the relatively large number of refractory cases amongst the overseas group. The influence of poison gas as a factor in producing tuberculosis has been of concern to both the public and medical profession. The personal equation of the individual physician in determining whether or not gas has been a factor, and to what degree, in producing the present illness, even when supporting documentary evidence is forthcoming, must be recognized. The widely-varying proportions given by the medical officers of the cases classified at the various sanatoria suggest that bias in clinical judgment is unavoidable. During the latter half of the war, nearly all soldiers in the field are said to have been exposed in some degree to different kinds of gas. Exposure to gas enters, therefore, into the clinical histories of a large number of eases. The composite opinion of the medical officers who have analysed 7,551 histories of illness show that in 445 instances (5-9 per cent) gas exposure bears some relation to the present illness. In only 24-5 per cent of these was documentary evidence produced (although it may have existed for a much greater number). Of these gas-factor cases, 386 (5-1 per cent of the total group) had tuberculosis, either bacillary positive or clinical, and 58 (0-8 per cent) were not tuberculous. In only one-quarter of the tuberculous group, and in one-fifth of the non-tuberculous group, Ayyi'AL REPORT 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 was there supporting documentary evidence. Amongst the 328 patients individually examined by members of the board only aa occasional patient was seen in whom gas could be considered a determining factor in illnese. C0NSULT.\TI0NS ON PaTIENTS UnDER TREATMENT At twenty-four of the institutions visited, the board made a detailed examination of 328 patients, while many more were seen more casually in consultation with the several superi'atendents, especially in regard to prolonging or terminating treatment. Earely did the examination add to information concerning, for the most part, well- worked-over cases. Very few patients could be coneidered as kept unduly long for their physical needs, and the welfare of the patient was found to be justly considered when terminatioTi or prolongation of treatment had been decided upon. The experi- ence of civilian sanatoria is that the vast majority of patients are treated for too brief a time. The 49 per cent of relapses due to insufficient treatment, already referred to, further emphasizes this point. The more prolonged average period of treatment of present patients of nearly six months, with a year as the average period in o'ne small institution, is evidence in part of practical appreciation of this lesson by medical superintendents, and further evidence that relapsed easee require propor- tionately longer treatment. DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSIS The war, with its aftermath of chronic respiratory infections amongst ex-service men, requires of the sanatorium physician a more accurate differentiation of pul- monary diseases than formerly obtained. The safe and easy course before the war was to regard an indefinite lung affection as tuberculosis unless there was strong evidence to the contrary. The recognition to-day of various chronic respiratory infections impairing health, suggestive but not typical of tuberculosis, introduces a very great difficulty in appreciatiTig fairly the condition of a patient in whom there is reason also to suspect a present or past tuberculous affection. The physician may use all modern means of diagnosis for his suspect cases, and still have reason to doubt the rightness of his conclusions, although for pension requirements he must make a decision. Doubtful and ■aon-tubereulous cases formed 17 per cent of all admissions of D.S.C.E. patients. A number of sanatorium physicians were at a loss in placing these patients, although all facilities for intensive differential diagnosis were at hand. Sometimes they were confused because of the point of view of consultants aiid of the Pensions Board examiners, esipecially in regard to patients manifesting a latent clinical tuberculosis, but with a complicating affection. It would be helpful if standards of diagnosis were formulated which, while demariding a minimum of research, would compel accurate deductions before reaching a diagnosis. A class for cases of doubtful evidence, while needed, is a temptation to inaccurate diagnosis. The classifications used for sanatorium purposes, carefully defined, but necessarily arbitrary, have distinct limitations which have been severely strained by these recently-added diffi- culties in diagnosis. The necessity of some modification is obvious, which will include, but still differentiate, those cases here designated as having latent clinical tuberculosis. This type of case peculiarly complicates the classification of degree of disease and the result of treatment in sanatoria. The patient gives evidence of a past tuberculosis, which is confirmed by X-ray examination, but the disease may be quite arrested, cause no symptoms, and bear no relation to the present illness from which the patient suffers. Nevertheless, it cannot be disregarded as a possible factor in the present illness until a period of observation by a competent observer has made possible a decision in regard to its neutrality. Such cases, of which there are many admitted to sanatoVia, should not properly be classified amongst the actively tuber- culous, nor should the sanatorium be credited for effecting an arrest of an inactive and probably healed condition not responsible for the illness of the patient. This board has taken the opportunity afforded by collecting statistical material, of attempting to modify existing classification in order that the latent clinical group may be differentiated. 26 iiKiwHTMKxr OF sor.iiif:us- t:i:ii{THEyT of soldiers- civil HE-KSTABLisnuEyT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TUBERCULOSIS SANATORIA. "A" "C "I" ■K- Name Ste. Agathe Sanatoria Mowat Memorial Sanatorium. Central .\lberta Sanatorium... Jordan Memorial Sanatorium.. Ste. Agathe des Mont.s Kingston, Ont Bowness, Alta River Glade, N.B P.Q. Total No. of Patient Beds 266 162 100 78 NEURO-PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS. "F". "A". Westminster Hospital. Ste. Aiuie's Hospital. . London, Ont Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P.Q.. 450 300 Institutions, Other Than Soldiers' CmL Ke-establishment, Where Department Has Definite Arr.\nge»iknts for Accommodation I. GENERAL, TRE.A.TMENT HOSPIT.\L,S Sydney Hospital Sydney, C.B. General Hospital.. Charlottetown, P.E.I. Montreal General Hospital Montreal, P.Q. Royal Victoria Hospital " " Jeffrey Hale HospitaJ Quebec. P.Q. Hotel Dieu Hospital Kingston, Ont. St. Luke's Hospital Ottawa, Ont. Protestant General Hospital " Toronto General Hospital Toronto. Ont. Guelph General Hospital Guelph, Ont. Hotel Dieu Hospital Windsor, Ont. Victoria Hospital LK>ndon, Ont. Winnipeg General Hospital Winnipeg, Man. I.O.D.E. Hospital Manitoba Military Hospital " St. Boniface Hospital " " General Hospital Brandon, Man. Grey Nuns' Hospital Regina, Sask. .St. Paul's Hospital Saskatoon, Sasik. Saskatoon City Hospital " " Calgary General Hospital Calgary, Alia. Banff Sanatorium Banff. Alta. Royal Inland Hospital Kamloops, BC. General Hospital Vancouver. B.C. Kootenay Lake Hospital Kootenay Lake, B.C. II. TUBERCULOSIS SANATORIA Nova Scotia Sanatorium Kentvile, N.S. Lady Grey Sanatorium Ottawa, Ont. Mountain Sanatorium Hamilton, Ont. Muskoka Cottage Sanatorium Gravenhurst, Ont. Calydor Sanatorium " " Queen Alexandra Sanatoriiun London, Ont. ■Manitoba Provincial Sanatorium.. ..Ninette, Man. King Edward Sanatorium Winnipeg, Man. Saskatchewan Pro\'incial Sanatorium . Fort Qti'AppclIe, Sask. Tranquille Sanatorium Tranquille, B.C. St. John County Hospital Hist St. John. N.B. III. HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE Nova Scotia Hospital ".. Dartmouth. N.S. Falconwood Hospital Falconwood, P.E.I. St. Jean de Dieu Hospital Longue Pointe, P.Q. Protestant Hospital Verdun. P.Q. Eastern Hospital Brockville. Ont. A^-SVAL REPORT 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 III. HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE — Concluded. Rockwood Hospital Kingston, Ont. Toronto Hospital for Insane Toronto. Ont. Hamilton Hospital for Insane Hamilton, Ont. Mimico Hospital Mimico, Ont. Hospital for Feeble-Minded Orillia, Ont. Homewood Sanatorium Guelph, Ont. Whitby Hospital Whitby, Ont. Selkirk Asylum Selkirk, Man. Provincial Hospital Battleford, Sask. Ponoka Hospital Ponoka, Alta. Red Deer Hospital . . Red Deer, Alta. New Westminster Hospital New Westminster. B.C. Essondale Hospital Vancouver, B.C. St. John's Asylum St. John, N.B. Medic.\l Eepresext.\tof.s, Other Th.\n at Unit Headquabteks, Sub-Offices and Institutions summary by units Number of Medical Representatives "A" Unit — Headquarters, Montreal, P.Q 26 ■•B" " " Halifax, N.S 81 "C" " " Kingston, Ont 64 " D " •' " Toronto. Ont 61 " F ■• " " London. Ont 36 " G " " ■■ Winnipeg, Man 60 ■• H " " " Regina, Sasili 13 "I" " " Calgary, Alta 3S "J" " " Vancouver, B.C 77 "K" " " Fredericton, N.B 15 LOCATION OP CLINICS ' A " Unit — Montreal ; Quebec City. B" Halifax, C" Ottawa ; Kmgslon. D" Toronto; Hamilton. F" London ; Windsor ; Guelph G" Winnipeg. H" Regina : Saskatoon. I" Calgary ; Edmonton. J" Vancouver ; Victoria. K" ' Fredericton ; St. John. DMNTAL SERVICES The various branches of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment were organized as occasion demanded, and the Dental Branch was similarly the offspring of necessity. As 'the department increased the number of links in its chain of hospitals and sanatoria from coast to coast, the necessity of having its own Dental Branch became obligatory. Prior to November, 1910, dental services rendered, had been under the control of the Medical Branch, but as a result of representations made by leading members of the dental profession, the department decided that, to secure the best results, it was advisable to place dental services under a dental executive, which was done. Plans were immediately adopted for placing in active operation an organization that would supply dental services where needed, and regulations to limit and control such services were formulated and approved. 40 DEPARTMEXT OF SOLDIEK.'i- CIVIL RE-ESTABLISUilEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. I921 PERSONNEL The orfraiiization provided for a director, deputy director, and staff at headquarters, unit dental directors, dental surgeons in charge of clinics with subordinate staffs, and dental representatives. Following the adoption of the regulations, clinics were established in rapid succession in the principal centres of the Dominion, and arrangements were made whereby dental services would be rendered under departmental supervision by civilian dentists iii centres not sufficiently large to warrant the expense of a separate clinic. Under the regulations of the C.E.F., any member of the Canadian forces was both eligible and entitled to dental services at the time of his discharge. Ex-Oanadian soldiers at the time of their discharge were entitled to receive free dental services, and were presented with dental cards authorizing them to receive such services from the military dentists within a certain period after date of discharge. Various causes com- bined to prevent a large number of the discharged me^ from receiving these services within the stipulated time, and a few months ago, an Order in Comicil was passed (P.O. 603) which provided, under certain conditions, for giving to those men who applied for treatment prior to the 1st September, 1920. the dental services to which they were entitled. These services are now being rendered by the Department of ifilitia and Defence. Under the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, which is a civilian institution, ex-members of the forces, who are on the strength of the department for medical treatment or vocational training, and in some instances, men who are pensioners, are eligible to receive dental services, but do not become entitled to these services until other conditions have been fulfilled. The Dental Branch of the department was established, not for the purpose of administering dental services to every ex-member of the forces who was taken on the strength of the department, but to serve, when necessary, as an adjunct in the restoration of such ex-members of the forces to normal health and strength. Those entitled to dental treatment by the department are: — (1) Ex-members of the forces on the treatment or training strength of the department. This class receives dental treatment only when it is indicated by the Unit Medical Director that such treatment wall improve the man's general condition. (2) Ex-members of the forces who require dental treatment for repair of direct damage to the jaw or teeth resulting from war service. This class includes cases of recurrence of infected mouth due to service which require treatment for a toxic systematic condition, provided the medical examiner finds the general condition due to the recurrence of oral infection. These men are placed in the same position as those suffering from any other physical disability due to service, and receive either full pay and allowances or are taken on the strength as out-patients. Class 2, being granted allowances for the time lost in attending for treatment, according to the circumstances of the case. , (3) Ex-members of the forces referred to the department by the Board of Pension Commissioners when it is considered that dental treatment is necessary to lower pensionable disability. The privilege extended to ex-Canadian soldiers of free medical services for a period of a year after date of their discharge, does not apply to dental services. AyyUAL REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 In addition to providing sei-vices at the main clinics for out-patients, dental operators attended to the needs of departmental in-patients of ninety-eight institutions, as follows : '"A" Unit. 13 ; " B " Unit, fi ; " G " Unit, 10 ; " D " Unit, 15 ; " F " Unit, 12 ; " G " Unit, S ; " H " Unit, 6 ; " I " Unit, 11 ; " J " Unit, 11 ; " K " Unit, 6. CIMLIAN REPRESENT.\Tn'ES Coincident with the opening of dental clinics, civilian dentists were appointed as dental representatives to the numher of over one hundred and eighty (180), and these have supplied the necessary treatment in their localities, functioning from Victoria to Halifax. They proved particularly essential to a large nimiher of ex-soldiers who, as out-patients, were referred by the Unit Medical Directors for dental services. TYPE OF WORK As in the army, dental services are limited, as a rule, to cement and amalgam fillings, extractions and ordinary vulcanite dentures. Under certain conditions, vidoanite dentures with one or two teeth are unserviceable, and in these cases, bridges are provided. Provision has been made to meet the wishes of those who are entitled to receive only vulcanite dentures but desire bridgework; the patients paying the differ- ence in cost between the work to which they are entitled and that not chargeable to public funds. The dental division of the department is opposed to making fixed bridges for tubercular patients and also discourages the insertion of gold fillings, a policy which has occasionally been adversely criticised. Two reasons exist for opposing fijied bridges: (a) a bridge must necessarily have a support at each end, and, in the case of a dental bridge, these supports are natural teeth; e.g. three teeth, called dummies, are placed between the supports, which means that the bridge consists of two supports to bear the stress and strain of mastification for five teeth. The vitality and natural powers of resistance of certain patients, particularly those suffering from tuberculosis, are undoubtedly below normal and for such patients any unnecessary stress m^ust be avoided. For somewhat similar reasons, gold fillings are not advisable and every observing dental surgeon knows that an analogous condition exists at certain periods of girlhood and womanhood when operations involv- ing crowns, bridges and gold fillings should be postponed and devitalized teeth care- fully watched, (b) Vulcanite dentures can be readily removed and washed whereas it is sometimes extremely difficult to maintain fixed bridges in a sanitary condition. Dentists in charge of services for tubercular and mental patients need to be possessed of special characteristics and the department is fortunate in having on its staff operators who are enthusiastic about such work and are cordially liked in the institutions. Patience, tact, ability to be a "good mixer" are requisites for success in getting work performed, as these patients are nervous and cannot be given long sittings at any one time. The amount of work accomplished can never be regarded as a criterion of the time consumed by the oiwrator as the keeping and length of engagements are very problematical, being dependent on the physical condition of the patient at any special hour. Direct dental injuries to the jaw or teeth by gunshot wound or similar causes, receive the same consideration as any other physical disability sustained on service. Unstinted care and expense are bestowed in rendering the necessary restoration in such cases. 42 DEPARTMENT OF SOLIHEns' VlVll RE-ESTABLISBMEST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 RECII'ItOCAL SERVICES By mutual afrrecments between the Imperial, Newfoundland, United States, New Zealand and Canadian Governments, provision has 'been made whereby ex-soldiers of the one country receive, when resident in the other country, treatment, including dental services, for disabilities due to war service. In this connection, it must be noted that under arrangements with the Imperial Grovernment, dental services for ex- British soldiers resident in the United States are under the administration of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment. Dental Services by the Department are provided, acording to the regulations of each of these countries, for, — (a) Ex-members of the Canadian Forces in Canada. — As already outlined. (b) Ex-members of the Canadian Forces in the United States. — Through the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Washington. Prior to rendering dental services (except in emergency eases), the authority of the department must be obtained. (c) Ex-members of the Imperial Forces in Canada. (d) Ex-members of the Imperial Forces in the United Stcdes. — Through thel Bureau of War Risk Insurance. All requests for dental services must receive the sanction of the department before accounts for such services are reoognized and paid on behalf of the Imperial Government. , (e) Ex-members of the- American Forces in Canada. — ^Dental services for the above are authorized by the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, Washington, and all accounts for work performed are submitted to the Bureau for payment. (/) Ex-members of the Forces of Other Countries. — Dental services are also rendered to ex-soldiers of sister colonies and other allied nations, when duly authorized by properly accredited representatives. THE NECESSITY FOR DENT.\L SERVICES • The importance of being dentally sound loomed large early in the war -when recruits presented themselves for enlistment and men, otherwise fit, were rejected until their dental disabilities were corrected. Since then the conviction that a patient must be dentally sound before other desired results can be obtained has become paramount. Large amounts of money have been expended by the department in the construc- tion of hospitals and sanatoria, the most up-to-date methods of cold storage have been installed, the supply of pure water has been assured and the skill of the dietitian obtained for ex-soldier patients. To crown these efforts with success, the dentist takes charge of the last chamber in which the food is placed. The power to grind or masticate the food is restored, where lacking; mouths that were hot-beds and breeding places of infection are made healthy, the net result being that the food, uncon- taminated by the health destroying bacteria of the mouth, passes, after mastication, through the process of digestion and culminates in the production of pure blood without which the fountains of health and strength are depleted and the essential factors of health and strength irrevocably lost. The work of dental surgeons has, in the last few years, extended over a wide field and is no longer limited to extractions, dentures, bridges and fillings. The big problem of the moment, in both the medical and dental professions, is the question of just what diseases are of dental origin. Pathologists now concede that certain heart, joint and kidney infections may be regarded as one disease and are largely of mouth origin. Quite an army of the best family physicians now demand a dental diagnosis just as soon as they are unable to determine the exact cause of a patient's physical disorder. lySVAL REPORT 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 IXSTKUCTION TO PATIENTS Scientific investigations have shown that the difference by weight and count in tlie number of bacteria per milligram of tooth scrapings in dirty mouths to that of reasonably clean mouths, will range from eight hundred millions in the dirty mouths to not more than eight millions in the clean mouths. Ten or fifteen minutes each day, spent in effective mouth sanitation will produce the safe minimum of bacteria, and medical superintendents of departmental institutions have given their hearty and active co-operation to the dental staff in the efforts of the latter to inculcate the habits of dental cleanliness. Prophylactic toothbrushes and mouth washes are provided for the patients, and the habit of proper cleansing of the teeth throughout the day is rapidly gaining ground. DENTAL SERVICES FACTOR IN RESTORATION OF HEAI.TH Very interesting results have been obtained where dental treatment for inmates of institutions was practically the sole factor in restoring patients to normal health, particularly where myalgia, neurasthenia, and cognate ills were indicated. The high regard in which dental treatment is held has been enhanced by outstanding results obtained in some of the tubercular institutions: — The reports of Dr. H. A. Farris, Medical Superintendent of the Saint John County Hospital, on three patients are worth quoting: — "Major was sent here with a diagnosis of pulmonary tubercu- losis. I gave him a very thorough examination, and had his chest X-rayed, but could find no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. He had a cough, fatigue, pains and afternoon temperatiire. I had to send him out with a diagnosis as non-tuberculous and symptoms of imknown origin. Dental examination, however, showed his teeth in bad condition. His teeth were removed and he has been in good health since. "Ex-Xo. was sent here with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuber- culosis. He was tired, fever and ailing generally. I could find nothing in his chest. I X-rayed his teeth and found a large root abscess. He was discharged as non-tubercidous. He had his tooth treated and it was remarkable how much he improved. "We had one civilian patient. Miss , who had pulmonary tuberculosis, but in spite of continued improvement of her chest, she ran an evening fever of nearly 100 for many weeks, till finally one tooth gave her some trouble and the dentist pulled the tooth for her and her temperatiu-e dropped to normal immediately and within sis weeks we discharged the patient in good condition." The S.C.R. Dental Clinic at "The Mountain iSanatorium," Hamilton, has rendered invaluable assistance in the treatment of tubercular patients. Dr. J. H. Holbrook, physician-in-charge, emphasizes the importance of dental services in the following few, selected from many, reports: — ''Major was admitted to the Mountain Sanatorium on January 2, 1917, and discharged June 18, 1918. X-ray of teeth showed an apical abscess on July 23, 1917, and this tooth was extracted. Previous to this, temperature had been slightly above normal almost daily, and following extraction there was considerable improvement, temperature being normal for several days at a time. When a dentist was permanently appointed to this institution, he examined this patient and expressed doubt as to the condition of one other tooth, and this was X-rayed, showing slight abnormality at the root in April, 1918. This tooth was then extracted and temperature remained normal from that date to time of discharge on June 19, 1918. 44 />f/M/fn/f.\T or .SUI.DIEHti- CIVIL liE-EHTABLlSHUEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 " Lung condition on admission showed a very definite lesion at the right apex with marked consolidation and with signs indicative of cavitation. Lung condition remained fairly stationary till first tooth was extracted, when improvement set in. Improvement was more marked after second e.Ttraction, and we consider that it is a possibility that the infection from the root abscess was carried by the fblood to tlie lung where it localized leading to the breaking down of an old healed condition at the apex of the right lung. In any case the lung condition remained practically stationary until the tooth was extracted and improvement was very rapid after extraction of the second tooth. Major has now been discharged two and one half years and is '' carrying on " as head of the firm of Company." "Ex-Pte was admitted to the Mountain Sanatorium on March 27, 1918, and discharged December 9, 1918. " He ran a temperature continuously for several months, and while he had extensive impairment of resonance in the lung, yet we were never able to find chest signs indicating active trouble. His temperature was so persistent and so regular that we considered that it was not typical of tuberculosis. Accordingly we advised X-ray examination of the teeth, with the result that focal abscesses were discovered and after this condition was completely cleared up, the temperature had come to normal and, apart from a slight rise which can be accounted for by other causes, temperature remained normal after teeth were extracted." The following is an extract from a letter written by Dr. Holbrook, under date of the 14th December, 1920 :— "We now make it a routine to have every man's teeth examined as soon as he is admitted and if tliere is anything suspicious, he is at once sent to the X-ray room. As a result, these conditions are cleared up very soon after admission. We could report several other cases that had shown abscessed teeth and had been under treatment in other institutions, or in poor health for a long time previous to admission, but cannot give the results so definitely as in these cases that came directly under our observation. "We wish to say that we believe that focal abscesses can lead to localized lung disease and can even lead to the breaking do^vn of an old healed tuber- culous condition and that such cases are not likely to do well under sana- torium treatment until the dental conditions are first cleared up." lAt the annual meeting of ''The Canadian Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis," held in Vancouver last summer, the general opinion expressed by experts present was that a dentist should be attached to every tuberculosis institution and an address by Dr. J. R. Byers, Medical Superintendent of the Laurentian Sanatorium, showed conclusively in what manner diseased teeth may prove to be a factor of moment in the production of lung and other diseases, that such "teeth afford a haven for disease germs which propagate rapidly, that the resulting poisons are absorbed into the system and that results of a disastrous nature occur in distant fields either as a result of these poisons or more disastrously, as a result of the actual germ getting into the lymph or blood streams." , • FACUL WAR INJURIES. In addition to treatment for systemic conditions and operations' involving fillings, dentures and bridges, a new type of dental work, resulting from war injuries, has arisen, requiring delicate, skilful, and painstaking manipulation and taxing the mechanical and artistic ingenuity of the dental surgeon. AyyUAL REPORT 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 With very few exceptions, all special jaw and facial oases, have, until recently, been attended to by the dental clinic at the Dominion Orthopaedic Hospital, Toronto, with Major Campbell in charge, and at the K.C.D.S., where ilajor Cummer was supervisor of the work. The following data were obtained from !Major Camipfbell prior to the transfer of the Dominion Orthopaedic Hospital from the Department of Militia and Defence to the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment on the first November, 1920: — Class 1. — Total number of casualties of this kind approximately.. .. 2.000 Class 2. — Total number of patients supplied »nith complicated prostheses 500 Class 3. — Cases in hospital under treatment or on leave pending stages of operation 46 Class 1. — The greater number of these cases has been completed and finally discharged. jBut in some instances, the lower prostheses of these men will have to be remodelled. Many of these cases could be attended to by ordinary dental services. Class 2. — 'In these cases prostheses have been constructed which are complicated, necessitating much practice and experience and will from time to time require apparati to be constructed. This class is made up of those men having lost part of mandible, in two eases" all of this bone. Others having lost half, have mechanical arrangements to supply loss of condyle or bone substance to allow remaining portion of jaw to be of some service. Also cases in which all or part of superior maxillae have been lost with consequent loss of speech. Many of these latter cases, although unable to eat ordinary diet, are put in such condition that speech is possible, some- times normal. Well cooked foods can be eaten with comfort. These types, for all time, owing to tissue changes, require attention. Class 3. — 'Cases in hospital. Most of these are purely facial cases with dental work fairly completed. There are a few cases still awaiting bone graft of mandible who will require prostheses. Of the 133 men discharged since December 1'919, a few of the later cases, 20 in numher, have not had final prostheses constructed dependent on the fact that bone grafts had not yet become stabilized. EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES The m.ajor portion of the heavy equipment was obtained in the various units by transfer from the Militia and Defence clinics. Dental consumable supplies do not occupy much space and are of comparatively light weight. It was therefore decided that instead of having three or more stores in various centres one central store at 185 Spadina avenue, Toronto, would be quite sufficient to supply all units, thereiby reducing stores' staff as well as other overhead expenses to a minimum. The expert advice of an experienced dental storekeeper was obtained for the installation of shelves and the grouping of supplies, with the result that central dental stores is regarded as one of the mddel stores in the department. The union of medical and dental stores tmder the personal supervision of the medical storekeeper was proposed but was found impracticable owing to the great dissimilarity between the stores concerned and the fact that a storekeeper with the requisite training for both classes was unavailable. The list of dental consumable supplies includes nearly three hundred articles and to these ire added various types of equipment. REPORTS Ctontrol and intimate knowledge of the various clinics and all phases of dental services are maintained by a system of reports which are classified under daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly. These provide the ex-number, name, ex-unit, address and dis- ability of each patient and detail the work performed. Returns are made of the equip- 46 n^:PART^^^:\T of ffOLniK/is- civil ke-kstahi.isiimkxt 11 GEORGE V, A. I92I ment and consumable supplies, enabling head office to enforce a dose check on expendi- tures. Reports are used in connection with. the work performed by civilian repre- s^-ntatives. After an application is received, the applicant's eligibility must be established before the tj-pe of work required and cost of same are considered and every care is exercised to safeguard the e-xpenditure of public funds. Returns of the opera- tions performed in the clinic provide the means of checking the work of each operator. In addition to the reports forwarded to head office for work performed in Canada for e-x-Canadian soldiers, reports are forwarded for work performed for ex-members of the Imperial forces, United States forces and other countries with which reciprocal arrangements have been made. The reports forwarded from the United States are very numerous as the Dental Branch is responsible for dental work in the States for not only ex-members of the Canadian forces, but also for ex-members of "the Imperial forces, and ex-members of forces of other countries with which arrangements have been concluded. CORRESPOXDENXE As an indication of the amount of letter-writing required, 5,037 official letters have passed out from the dental division in the past months. Of these 798 were written to the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, as follows: Canadian, 564-; Imperial, 200; Ameri- can, 24. In connection with dental correspondence at head office, the file of each individual whose case is being considered is dra^xni from the Central Registry, examined for the desired information and returned. During the past months 6,000 such examinations have been made. A card system is iu force which records the files drawn and their disposal. DENTAL SERVICES RENDERED IN ALL DEPARTMEINTAL CLINICS FROM JANCARY 1, 1920. to DECEMBER 31. 1920 Amalgam fillings IS, 441 Temporary fillings (a) G.P. (6) Cement 6,405 Cement fillings 7,528 Treatments putrescent pulp 16,871 Root fillings 2.899 Pulp caopin-Ts 2 '46 Devitalizations 2,914 Pyorrhoea and trench mouth treatments 8,503 Impressions 8.351 Bites .' . . 6.117 Try ins 5,555 Synthetic porcelain fillings 5,150 Repairs of dentures 2,462 Prophylaxes 11,195 Extractions 19.704 Anaesthetic, general 528 local 10,253 Dentures, upper.. 1.743 lower 1.045 '■ partial 3.349 Gold clasps 5.677 , Examinations and mouth charts. , 16.517 Total operations 163,353 DEPARTMENTAL PATIENTS TREATED BY OTHER THAN DEPARTMENTAL SAL.\RIED DENTISTS FROM J.A.NUARY 1, 1920, TO DECEMBER 31, 1920 In Canada — Ex-Canadian soldiers 665 Ex-Imperial soldiers 71 736 In United States of America — Ex-Canadian soldiers 12 Bx-Imperial soldiers 6 18 Total operations. ... 754 AyyUAIj REPORT 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 ORTHOPAEDIC AND SURGICAL APPLIANCES BRANCH INITIAL TASK COMPLETE In reviewing the work of the Orthopedic and iSurgical Apiiliances Branch for the present year, it may be said that the hraneh in the spring accomplished one of the main tasks for which it was established, which was to furnish with artificial limbs as quickly as possible the amputation eases that were brought home to Canada in the latter stages of and after the close of the war. Excepting a few cases with medical complications every amputated man has been fitted "with the appliance necessary, and in most cases with a duplicate appliance. PRODUCTION ARTIFICIAL LIIIBS Throughout the last three years, as time advanced, it was necessary always to provide for an increase of production to cope with the ever-growing need. Early in this year, however, the demand reached its maximum and a gradual decline following the output of the main factory in Toronto has steadied down to maintenance and repairs and to the periodical renewal of appliances necessary through legitimate wear and tear. In the case of artificial legs it is expected that these should be serviceable for at least four years with repairs before renewals are necessary; but, in the case of artificial arms it is considered that on a broad average these should at least serve six years. However, in this respect, owing to the variety in material used in the various types, and the varying degree of usage to which they are subjected, this estimate is mainly conjectural. Another important fact contributing to this decline is that the amputation cases now require less frequent adjustment, alterations and renewals of limb for the natural reason that they are by this time becoming more accustomed to wearing a limb. In most cases the stump has shrunk to a somewhat permanent form. The trying period when the stump is tender and not yet hardy enough to stand, the pressure of an artificial limb without discomfort is in general passed. The average case, there- fore, is now in better condition to fit a leg that gives him satisfaction and comfort, and it is observed that when a man is in possession of a comfortable limb he, as a rule, takes the best of care of it. In many cases also, when first attempting to wear a limb, faults in the stump were revealed and further surgical operations were necessary before a limb could be worn. These, of course, rendered the first fit useless; and so it happened that not infrequently several sockets, or entirely new limbs had to be constructed before real efficiency could be obtained. Hospitals seem by this time to have cleared up all such cases and so the necessity of renewing limbs at short intervals has almost ceased to occur. PRODUCTION MINOR APPLL1NCES The decrease in the requisitions received by the branch applies only to artificial limbs and splints of a temporary nature as the demand for orthopaedic boots, elastic goods, artificial eyes, and other less durable articles remains constant owing to the regular need of renewals at much shorter periods. As the pressure of work gradually eased off in the Toronto factory, it was neces- sary to reduce this year the operative staff. It is -now less than one-half of its hitherto maximum strength. In the discharge of surplus labour, particular care was taker, that wherever possible not only returned men but disabled cases were retained. Of this it is sufficient proof to state that 24 per cent of the employees are amputation cases alone, not to mention disabilities of other natures. 48 DEPARTMEXT OF SOLDIERS' CIYII. RE-Es!TABLISliyE\T 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 In June, 1916, when the Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch was in the process of being formed, it was found that sufficient labour in the class of work required did not exist owing to the sudden magnitude to which the industry had grown. It was therefore decided to teach returned men this trade, especially amputa- tion eases. This was done and the development of these men has been e-xeellent. they having qualified as good limb-fitters' helpers, leatherworkers, etc., and even in some cases as qualified limb fitters. It has been necessary to retain a few exjjcrts to handle the more difficult cases and to supervise the work of the others, as all coneider- ations must be secondary to the turning out the best appliances for the disabled man. ACTIVITV OF DEPOTS Mention has been made so far only of the main factory at Toronto as the decline observed in that centre has not taken place in the depots in the other provinces. On the contrary, it has been necessary to maintain and, in some cases, even to augment the staffs of the outside depots. This condition will readily be understood when it is remembered that all orthopwdic cases on being repatriated from the hospitals of the United Kingdom were concentrated at Toronto for treatment and fitting of appliances. As this work was completed the men scattered to their homes, thus diminishing the work at Toronto but adding to that of the depots in the maintenance and renewals of the appliances. NEW DEPOTS In addition to increasing the outside staffs it was found that a new centre should be established in western Ontario to provide adequately for the large number of orthoptedic cases in that area. A depot was therefore established in London. SUPPLY OF APPLIANCES FOR EX-CAS.\DLVXS KESIDEST IX THE BRITISH ISLES In January last a new depot was also opened in London, England, and placed under the' administration of the overseas representative of the department. This important step was taken on account of the large number of disabled e.x-members of the Canadian forces who had remained in the British Isles, or had returned there after repatriation, and had been issued with the standard appliances as manufactured by the branch. Standard parts and spare parts for these appliances are supplied to the depot in London, at which a limbfitter is employed, and who therefore is in a position to keep such appliances in England in repair, and can make up a new appliance for a man who has become accustomed to the use of the Canadian standards. For appliances not manu-' factured by the branch contracts have been placed with first-class firms in the various districts, and thus it is oidy necessary for an ex-Canadian soldier in any part of the British Isles to apply to the overseas representative when in need of attention, and all arrangements are made for his case to be adjusted. The extension of this sphere of the overseas representative to include the control of orthopaedic appliances was received with much satisfaction by our men in the British Isles. It is now also the duty of the overseas representative to keep in close touch with all progress made in the in-oduction of orthopaedic appliances and to keep the branch in Canada informed. SUPPLY OF APPLL\NCES FOR EX-CAN".\DIANS KSD EX-IMPERL4LS IX UNITED STATES For the supply of orthoptedic appliances to former members of the forces resident in the United States a satisfactory reciprocal agreement was drawn up in October, 1919. whereby the Governments of Canada and the United States would each take care of the disabled men of the other who reside in their respective territories. Early this year this arrangement was put into practice and is being followed with satisfactory results, and in this connection the branch has pleasure in expressing its gratitude for the efficient manner and interest which the United States Government is taking in the care of Canadian and British orthopaedic cases. ANNUAL REPORT 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 FUNCTIONAL TRAINING CLASSES III September the functional training classes, instituted last year to teach men how to derive the most benefit from artificial limbs, were wound up having trained all the men who had applied for the eouise. These classes were under the administration of Mr. W. S. Dobbs, himself an arm amputation ca-se. 'Mr. Dobbs selected a staff of instructors each either an arm or leg amputation case. These instructors were assembled at Toronto and trained for this special work. The leg cases were taught how to walk properly, on the level, on inclines, on stairs, on rough surfaces, and to acquire confidence by such games as Badminton. The arm instructors were trained to teach the fullest uses of work arms and hooks, by the manipulation of tools of aU kinds. The care and adjustment of limbs and the care of the stump were also emphasized in the curriculum. An arm and leg instructor were then despatched to each of the following centres where classes were opened, namely: Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Regina. Calgary and Vancouver. Every amputation case was urged to attend .these classes. Vocational pay and allowances were granted to all out-of-town cases; evening classes were organized for men resident in the city where they were conducted. Every case that did not reply to the invitation was followed by a personal visit where possible and the adVan-tages of the instruction placed before him. In spit^ of these efforts the number attending the classes was comparatively small; 446 men in all completed the training. Those who took part in the classes were all enthusiastic over the extent to which they benefited by the training, and it is generally observed that the men who were thus trained make constant use of their limbs. POLICY OF STANDARDIZATION OF PRODUCTION In the appliances produced by the factory no departure has been made from the original policy that these men should be turned out according to standards as far as possible. The experience of another year continues to show even more that the policy of a standard Hmb was the most practical and satisfactory to adopt. By the expression " standard limb " it must not he understood that all appliances are turned out ready to wear by the gross, but that certain mechanical parts and accessories are made common to all of the same type. Each leg for example is in reality made individually for each patient but has the advantage that standard parts can be supplied at all times from any of the Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances depots, which are kept stocked by the Central Stores of the Toronto factory, where they are manufactured. Also such supplies as are necesary for the manufacturing that is done in the depots are distributed from Central Stores. The appliances are by this means easily and properly kept in repair, and it is diificult to conceive how this essential work could be done otherwise. As a result of the facilities made possible through standardization it is becoming apparent that more and more business will be done through the mail, between the Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch and the patients. Thus, instead of men reporting in person, a procedure often irksome and inconvenient to themselves, the appliances are forwarded by express to be overhauled or to be fitted with new parts, and these parts being readily available the work is executed and the limb returned without delay. In addition to the convenience of distribution, the obvious economical advantages of standardized production, both in the factory and in the administration, need not be discussed in this report. W'ORKMEir'8 COMPENSATION BOABD OASES, ETC. An important extension in the sphere of activities of the Orthapaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch was made when an Order in Council was passed on the 25th Septem- 14—4 50 DEPARTUEyT Oh' HOLDIERti' CIVIL UE-EHTABLISUUEyT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ber, 1920, authorizing the branch to manufacture and supply artificial arms, legs, and other prosthetic appliances to any other department of the Goveniment of Canada, to the Workmen's Compensation Board of Ontario and to similar boards in other provinces as requested to do so, at prices to be determined from time to time by the department, so long as facilities exist for manufacturing and supplying such appliances to ex-members of the forces.* It is expected that the present plant of the Orthopsedic and Surgical Appliances Branch will be sufficient to cope with this work as an examination of available statistics shows that the number of accidents resulting in a need for artificial limbs and other appliances is small and not enough to require additional equipment on the part of the branch. The arrangements having been completed late in the year there is as yet no work for patients of this class on which to report. Eesearch Division personnel The research work is carried out by a staff of three mechanics aiid one limbmaker. imder the supervision of the Designs Engineer. The object of this division is to devise and perfect new orthopiedie equipment, and to improve on that which is already in use as standard. NEW .-iPPLUNCES PRODUCED During the past year the work has been couiined mostly to arms and legs. Two new limbs have been successfully developed and standardized, an improved type of tilting t.able leg for disarticulation-of-hip amputations, and a ring-arm for disarticulation-of -shoulder amputations. The above mentioned leg is of a construction which eliminates to a large degree the discomforts of any of the older types issued. The patients fitted with this limb walk well without the aid of crutch or stick and can sit down with comfort in a natural position, which was not iwssible with the older types supplied, and this objection still exists in many makes of this type of leg. The bucket is made of double ply reinforced leather, and the steel joints connecting this to the wooden thigh-piece are constructed so that when the patient is seated there is no undue interference between the clothing and the joints, causing the excessive wear which was the objectionable feature of previous issues. Disarticulation-of-shoulder amputations are the most difficult of all cases to equip with a satisfactory appliance. The ring-arm designed for this type is beyond doubt a great advance over previous issues, which were seldom if ever wpm, being justly looked upon more as a hindrance than a help. The points in this arm are: the weight of the arm is distributed between the shouJder and the side of the chest, and also a much greater range of movement can be had than was heretofore possible, or than can be had from any other arm observed. SPECIAL APPLIANCES Problem eases are turned over to this department for attention. That is to say, where no known appliance can be suitably adopted by reason of the peculiarity of the disability, it is necessary to develop a satisfactory appliance to suit those iudividiiai requirements. This particular phase of the work is carried out in dose conjunction with the orthopaedic consultants. The majority of these cases have required special splints, braces or working appliances for hand amputations. As illustrations of this work there may be mentioned a splint for flail shoulder which enables the useless arm • See Appendix VII, page 157. AyyUAL REPORT 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 to function in a limited degree. A splint was designed for a case suffering from excessive lateral mobility of the knee which enabled a backwoodsman to resume his former trade. Before being thus equipped he was unable to carry on. A working appiiance for amputation of the fingers is now in constant use by a house-painter, and permits him to hold his own in his trade, and many more similar cases are on record. APPLIANCES OF OTHER COUNTRIES STUDIED Specimens of new arms and legs are supplied to the branch from the allied countries which enable the experimental division to contrast the standard arms and legs with those thus submitted. The arms are of special interest, as it is in these appliances that so much research work remains to be done in order to get, if at all possible, an arm which will fill the place of the lost member as efficiently as it has been possible to replace a lost leg. These arms being thoroughly examined and tested, it was found that the department would be unable to adopt any method of construction or manipulation from them which would have increased to any extent the efficiency of the standard arms and accessories now issued. An excellent opportunity was afforded to observe the various appliances when being used in the functional training classes, and many valuable suggestions for improvement were gained by taking note of the difficulties which the men experienced in endeavour- ing to use the appliances. Several good ideas were submitted by the men and instructors and adopted, and a decided advance in the usefulness and comfort in wearing the appliances resulted. Before any new device is adopted it is submitted to the orthopsedie surgeon who is responsible that it is satisfactory from the surgical standpoint. In seeking to improve standard appliances one guiding principle has been to reduce the weight wherever possible, without compromising the requisite strength. For example, the skin of an A.K. artificial leg has beon reduced in weight from six to four ounces without sacrificing safety in any way. Below-elbow dress-arms, commonly used by men in office work, have been remodelled so as to show a reduction of one pound. Under a thorough test this arm has proved itself suitable for the purposes designed, namely, light work and dress wear, and the greatest advantage is in the general comfort to men wearing it. PATENT RECORDS INTESTIGATED The records of the Patent Office are searched as they come out and the specifi- cations of all new devices are examined in order that the department may keep up to date in the development of orthopaedic appliances. Many samples are submitted by private firms which are all tested and such as are considered an improvement on existing issues are purchased or manufactured on a royalty basis by the branch, if such proves to be the more economical method of acquirement. PURCHASES Before requisitions for material are passed to the Purchasing Branch these are scrutinized by the Experimental Engineer to ensure that nothing but suitable material is ordered for use in the factory and depots. OPHTHALMIC DmSION Previous to 1920 no attempt had been made by the Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch to manufacture or stock and distribute artificial eyes, eye-glasses, or other optical appliances. Patients presenting prescriptions from the eye clinic of the department for such were provided with a purchase order on a local firm in order that these prescriptions might be filled. 14 — 4J 52 DKrART}tF\T OV f^nLniFl^.r CIVIL RF-E^TMiLISBllE\T 11 GEORGE V, A. I921 INADKQUATE SUPPLY OF ARTIKICUL EYES It was found, however, that while this arrangement was satisfactory for the supply of spectacles of all types, it did not adequately provide for the needs of artificial eyea and facial cases, mainly because the stocks carried by local firms were not equal to the demand; in many cases also it was not possible to fit a ready-made eye with the desired effects on account of injuries to the socket. These special models could not be obtained in Canada and it was necessary to send such cases to New York for fitting and supply. This procedure involved a disproportionate expenditure. SITUATION IN BRITISH ISLES AND REMEDY To a much greater extent the War Office in the United Kingdom was confronted with the same problem and in order to obtain artificial eyes in sufficient quantity and variety it was decided to equip a factory and to manufacture for itself artificial eyes and spectacles. In this way the Army Spectacle Depot was established in London and an adequate supply of ophthalmic appliances assured. The Army Spectacle Depot was this year transferred to the Ministry of Pensions. SUPPLIES OBTAINED FROM ENGLAND By arrangement with the Ministry of Pensions the department in January, 1920, was given the privilege of obtaining supplies of artificial eyes from the Army Spectacle Depot at cost price. A first supply of 2,000 eyes was procured at an average cost of $1. In this way a substantial saving was effected as the local price of artificial eyes ranged from $5 to $10, and from $15 to $20 for specially-made eyes in Xew York. The eyes supplied by the Army Spectacle Depot are of the best quality and are at least the equal of any procured from other sources. With this stock in hand it became possible to select for the normal case an eye both perfect in colour and size and, indeed, with the larger selection a few cases that would necessarily have previously been sent to Xew York could now be fitted success- fully from stock. It has been the policy from the first in the case of men sent to New York for fitting to purchase an extra eye which was kept in Toronto as a model. This was done in order that it would not be necessary for a man to make further journeys to New York for renewals as the model has only to be submitted and a copy obtained. DISTRIBUTION As soon as it was possible for the department to obtain artificial eyes from England it was decided that a model eye for every case be procured. Instructions were thus issued to all the depots that in every case where a purchase order was given on a local firm for an artificial eye a duplicate should be sent to Toronto. It is intended that this arrangement shall continue until eventually Head Office will have a model for every case. Thus it is hoped that no matter in what part of the country, or, indeed, the world, a man may be, it will be possible to supply him with an artificial eye on his application to Head Office, Toronto. INSTALMENT OF OPTICAL PLANT Thus far the supply of artificial eyes was much improved but the difficulty of fitting satisfactorily cases with abnormal conditions still existed and the department was still dependent on New York makers for the proper care of such patients. For many of these patients it was only necessary to alter slightly a stock eye in order to obtain the proper shape, and as this work can be easily done with the proper equip- ment it was decided to install a sm,all optical plant, consisting of a lens grinder. AXXVAL REPORT 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 polisher, cutter, etc. The entire plant cost $550. An expert mechanical optician was employed to take care of this work. As the equipment necessary for the work on artificial eyes practically corresponded with that used for lens grinding, it was decided also that the department should at the same time make up its own eye-glassee and spectacles for the Toronto and disti-iet cases. The Ophthalmic Division has been in operation since early in September and has fully supplied the requirements of the department in the matter of artificial eyes and eye-glasses. It has been found that cases for whom a stock eye cannot be altered to fit satis- factorily are exceedingly uncommon and, indeed, since the branch took over this work itself it has not been necessary to send a man to New York. It is hoped, however, that in a short time it will be possible for the branch to make an individual eye when required, although it is not the intention at the present time to manucfacture these in quantities as it is more economical to obtain these from England at cost price where they are manufactured in great quantities, than to manufacture with a smaller produc- tion in Toronto. FACIAL MASKS Another important part of the work of this department is the construction of masks for facial cases, and the condition for these unfortunate cases for whom these masks are ordered has been impi-oved to an astonishing extent, and the masks are constantly worn by these cases. Eight of these cases have passed through the hands of this department and each has been supplied with a duplicate mask so that they may be able to submit one or the other for repairs, re-tinting, etc., when necessary. ACCOUNTIKG COSTS (limbs) The average cost for 1920 of appliances manufactured by the branch is as follows : — Artificial legs ?S3 11 Artificial arms S851 Peg legs 24 06 OrthopEedic boots 21 60 Minor orthopsedic appliances 11 98 These figures represent the average cost of all types of each appliance. Thus, artificial legs have a range from $50 to $200; arms, $40 to $125. The cost in the manufacture of arms for this year shows an increase of 25 per cent, and in that of artificial legs an increase of 20 per cent over the cost of the previous year. This increase is only proportional to the rise in prices of raw mat-erial (excepting certain classes of leather) and to increased labour cost; also the smaller output tends to increase the price. Another contributory factor is that through the medium of the functional training classes the more e-xpensive work arms, such as the Canada, and the differential, became very popular, and in the year's output there was a larger percentage of these arms over the eimple dress arms than formerly. The average cost of legs was also increased by the development and issue of the new leg for disarticulation-of-the-hip casee. This leg costs two or three times the amount of any one ordinary standard willow leg. COSTS (boots) Orthopaedic boots also show an increase of 20 per cent in the cost of manufacture. The drop in the leather market did not affect the department's output until the middle of October at the earliest as stocks at previous high prices held out until that time. Again, in the spring of this year it was decided to put into these boots a 54 PEPARTlfEXT OF SOLDIER^;- CIVIL RE-EfTABLISHUEyT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 gi'ade of leather superior to that formerly used, to serve as long as jxissible, as they are expensive to make, there being no two pairs alike, all requiring to be specially lasted, and demanding highly skilled labour. Thus a large quantity of the leather in stock was substituted by a better grade. The increased cost has been found to correspond exactly -with the better class material. A slight rise in the cost of labour also took place. COSTS (minor orthopedic appliances) The cost in the manufacture of minor orthopaedic appliances shows no appreciable change. These articles comprise a large variety. Many types of splint, abdominal, pelvic, nephritic belts, glasses, gloves, arch supports, braces, Bradford frames, crutches, artificial eyes, are included in this group. Some are made up in standard sizes, others only when called for in special cases, but in every instance a record of cost is kept. In the Accounting Branch a special feature of the year's work was the installa- tion of a uniform costing system for all depots in the 'Dominion, and periodical return of costs and record are now received at head office, which makes possible a close supervision of all production. STATISTICS Number of Appliances delivered to patients (classified) during the periods commencing January 1, 1920 to December 31, 1920, inclusive, also grand total number of appliances delivered to patients (classified) since inception. Legs (all types) Arms (all tj-pes) New socket ( leg) Orthopiedic boqts Splints Glasses I3jes Rubber goods (suspensories urinals, knee caps, elastic stockings, etc.).. .. Belts (abdominal, nephritic, etc.).. Facial masks Repairs on all appliances Grand total TRAINING BRANCH. The work of the Training Branch of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re- pstabL'shment during the year 1920 has been carried on along the general lines describiM in last year's report A very large number of disabled men have been trained and successfully placed in employment during the past year and the results obtained have been due to the policy of training laid down in July, 1917, and since followed 'by the department. ORGAXIZ.\TIOX. A few changes affecting the organization of the Training Branch have been made during the past year. Ward occupations and curative training, which had been carried on by this branch in nearly all hospitals where ex-soldiers were being treated, passed under the control of the Treatment Branch. It was considered that the curative value of occupational therapy could best be secured if placed under the supervision and direction of that branch. Delivered Delivered prior to 1920 1920 Total 3, .543 1,905 5.448 1.571 391 1.962 1.416 640 2,056 6.4S6 7,079 13.565 2.403 1.586 3,989 6,01.5 5,629 11,644 567 802 1.369 4.285 5.436 9.721 967 818 1,785 nil 13 13 9,603 14.424 24,027 36,856 38,723 75.579 ANNUAL REPORT 55 . SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 In addition to the transfer of the occupational and curative training to the Treatment Branch it was considered advisable to transfer the payment of pay and allowances, which was carried on by the Training Branch, to the Accounts and Audit Branch, the control of vocational stores and equipment, which had formerly been the responsibility of the District Vocational Officer, to the Administration Branch, and the Vocational Medical Advisers to the staff of the Treatment Branch, which is now responsible for all medical work carried on by the department. The Training Branch is now divided into three main divisions : — 1. Training and Inspection. 2. Employment and After-care. 3. Loans. The administrative head of the Training Branch at head office is the Director of Vocational Training. The country is divided into districts corresponding very closely to the military districts, the administrative head of each district being the District Vocational Officer. The organization in eacb district is similar to that at head office, with the head of each division responsible to the District Vocational Officer. ADDITIONAL PRO\aSION. While there has been no great change in the general policy of the branch, during the past year, additional provisions have been made. These are as follows: — (1) Limitation of time in which applications for retraining could be made. (3) Payment of pay and allowances to men who commenced training pending approval. (3) Opening of special workshops for the care of functionally, neurologically and mentally sub-normal men. (4) Extension of period of training by payment of difference between wages received from employers and the amount of pay and allowaijces granted by the department. (5) Payment of compensation to students on strength of the department who are injured during training. (6) Increase of pay and allowances. These additional provisions were put into effect during the year. A brief deseriii- tion of each of these is given below. LIMITATIOX OF TIME IN WHICH APPLICATION FOR RETEUINING COULD BE MADE. This was set at January 31, for all men discharged prior to November 1, 1919, or three months from date of discharge or completion of treatment, for men dis- charged subsequent to November 1, 191D.* The number of applications for retraining, made during the latter part of 1919 and January of 1930, was so large that it was impossible to deal with all of them immediately, and it was found necessary to postpone the consideration of applications until arrangements could be made to have applicants appear before the Disabled Soldiers Training Boards. Tbis was done by appointment, as fast as they could be handled. The number of applications which had not been dealt with, when this regulation came into effect, on February 1, 1920, was 9,&73. • See Order in Council P.O. 2131, 1919— Annual Report for 1919. Appendix XI, page 156 56 DEPARTVEXT OF f^OI.PIEliS- CIVIL riE-ESTAliLISHMEyT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 In order to provide training for these large numbers, the facilities of the depart- ment were taxed to the utmost, and it was only owing to the fact that through industrial surveys, the officers of the department were in touch with openings for training in industries, that the department was able without delay to provide training for all these men. During the year cases have arisen, of men who, thongli disabled, did not apply for training within the time limit set, but endeavoured to re-establish themselves in their former occupation, or some other occupation, without the assistance of the department. Some of these men found that owing to their disability they were compelled to give up their work and apply for vocational training. Consideration has been given to these applications, and when, on investigation, it has been found that the man had made a bona fide effort to re-establish himself, and had failed because of his disability, retraining has been granted. PAYMENT OF PAY AND ALLOWANCES TO MEN WHO COMMENCED TRAINING PENDING APPROVAL* This provision was necessary owing to the difficulty and delay erperienced in obt-aining medical documents, especially where applications for retraining were made in a district other than that in which the applicant was discharged. Before authoriza- tion for training could be given, it was essential to establish the fact that the disability of which the man complained, was due to or aggravated by war service, and in order to ascertain this, in many cases, it was necessary to have his medical history sheet. Under the new provision it is possible to start a man in training as soon as the local board decides to recommend him for a course, and should it be found later, that he is not eligible, payment of allowances can be made from the time that he started, until the receipt of advice in the Unit,, that he is not eligible. This cause of delay has now, to a large extent been eliminated, and in very few cases is it now necessary to take advantage of this provision. OPENING OF SPECL\L WORKSHOPS FOR CARE OF FUNCTIONALLY', NElROLOtncAI.LV AND MENTALLY SUB-NORMAL MEN From reports received, it became apparent to the department that there were a number of disabled men who, while not requiring further medical treatment, could not, on account of their disability, be trained or were physically unable successfully to support themselves, under existing provisions. In many of these cases the disability was only i)artially due to service and therefore they were only in receipt of a small pension. What to do with such cases became a new problem, and it was not until P.C. 2328 was passed in November. lOlO.I- that provision existed for taking care of this class of men. Under the above-mentioned Order in Council the department was authorized to grant assistance to such men, pending a thorough investigation into the problem. In order to provide a place other than a hospital where light occupation, combined with medical care could be given and with a view to ascertaining if, under careful super- vision, and proper working conditions, some of these men could be restored to normal health, and made fit to resume their place in industrial life, or failing this, to find out to what extent they would be capable of useful work, workshops were started in various centres. The occupations followed are such as can be readily undertaken by the types of cases dealt with, and include such work as basketry, toy-making, reed furni- ture making, light metalwork and woodwork. In some cases the men are allowed to work at home, at weaving, basketry, etc., but are subject to regular sui)ervision. An effort is made to transfer such men as are fit, to actual employment, ^ soon as possible. In some cases light employment has been found for them and their pay supplemented by the department. . • See Order in Council P.C. 2327. Appendix XVIIl, page 167, .\nnual Report, 1919. t Se« Appendix XVI, Annual Report for 1919, page 165. AyXCAL REPORT ■ 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Of the 378 niimber of men who liave been admitted to workshops 67 have been placed in actual employment full time ; 8 have been placed in actual employment with pay supplemented by the department ; 78 have returned to hospital for treatment ; 144 are still in workshops. EXTEXSIOX OF PERIOn'oF TRAIXIXG BY PAYMENT OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WAGES RECBHTED' FROM EMPLOYERS AND THE AMOUNT OF PAY AND ALIX)WANCES GRANTED BY THE DEPARTMENT* This provision enables the department to take into consideration the amount of money paid to a student by the employer, and so grade the pay and allowances made by the department, that a course can be extended over a much longer period than would otherwise be the case. Advantage of this provision has not been taken, to any great extent, as it has been found that men in training, are anxious to complete and get on to the payroll of the employer, as soon as possible. PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION TO STUDENTS ON STRENGTH OF THE DEPARTMENT WHO ARE INJURED DURING TRAINING Several cases of injury, while in training with the department, occurred, and as the students were either training in workshops operated by the department, or in industrial plants, and paid by the department, they did not come within the provisions of the Provincial Workmen's Compensation Act. In December, 1919, an Order in Council was passed.f bringing students in training with the department, within the scope of the. Statutes of Canada, 1918, chapter 15, which provides for compensation for Government employees who are injured in the course of their work. Acting on this authority, arrangements were made with the various Provincial Workmen's Compensation Boards, to deal with the claims arising from injuries to students, and to award comi)ensation in accordance with local Workmen's Compen- sation Board regulations. When injury occurs to a student in training-, the District Vocational Officer imme- diately refers the case to the local Workmen's Compensation Board, which examines into the case, assesses compensation, and makes payment of the amount assessed. This payment is made out of a fund provided by the Finance Department of the Dominion Government, for this purpose. The number of cases of injury which have been dealt with in this way, to date is 30, of which 19 have been paid in full and the balance as shown hereunder. SUMMARY OF MEN WHO HAVE BEEN GRANTED COMPENSATION 19 men granted a total sum of $4,169.85 being settlement In full. 1 man granted total of $150 plus $12.50 per month for life. 1 man granted total of $75 plus $S per month for life. 1 man grante'er Stationary steam engineering Tool making and repairing Valve board operator X-ray operator Machinist and tool maker Belt conveyor attendant Crude oil engine operater Fitting and assembling shoe machinery 4. Metal Trades Blacksmith Boiler making and fitting Brass bed assembling Brass moulding Brass finishing Bronze moulding Die sinking Electric welding Gas fixture making Gilding Iron moulding I^ead letter making Loolismith Metal polisliing Jletal spinning . Ornamental iron work Oxy-acetylene welding Pattern making Press stamping Saw filing Sheet metal work Steel stamping Tinsmithing Wire working 5. Garment and Leather Work Cap making Cleaning and pressing Furrier Garment cutting Garment design Garment making Glove making Hat making Harness making and repairing 10. Last making 11. Leather work 12. Moccasin making 13. Orthopaedic shoe making 14. Shoe machie operating 14. Shoe machine operating 16. Tailoring 17. Trunk and valise making 6. Manufacturing Pursuits Aerated water manufacturing , Art novelty manufacturing . Asbestos manufacturing Basket making , Boat building , Brick making Brush making Burglar alarm manufacturing Celluloid industry Electro switchboard manufacturing , Gold pen making Golf accessories Ink making , Mattress making Paper box making Photographic supplies I»icture frame making Pipe making 1. Dental mechanics 2. Engraving 3. Goldsmith 4. Gunsmith 5. Jewellery making and repairing 6. Lens grinding 7. Optical instrument making 8. Photo engraving Pulp and paper manufacturing Radiography Rope and twine making Rubber goods making , Rubber tire building Rubber boot making Sail makimg Silvering mirrors Skewer manufacturing Spring bed making Spoon making Stove making Sugar refining Tent and awning making Tire manufacturing Toy manufacturing Watch case making 7. Crafts 9. Pottery work 10. Ring maicing 11. Silvering and plating 12. Soldering 13. Stone engra\-ing 14. Surgica.1 appliances manufacturing 15. Template making 16. Watch and clock repairs AyyUAL REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 S. Wood Working and Wood Finishing Artificial limb making Auto painting- Cabinet making Casket making Carriage painting Coopering French polishing Furniture design and assembling MachiTte floor finishing Baking Butchering Chef Cocoa roasting Confectioner Egg candling Flour milling Meat cutting 1. Carpet making 2. Cloth inspection 3. Cotton spinning 4. Dyeing 5. Flax spinning 1. Adding machine repairs 2. Auto top and body repairs 3. Bicycle repairs i. Billiard table repairs 5. Camera assembling 6. Machine repairs 7. Musical instrument repairs 8. Nautical instrument repairs Trades 10. Machine -nood working 11. Phonograph cabinet making 12. Piano part making 13. Reed working 14. Rule graduation 15. Sash and door making 16. Wheelwright IT. Wood finishing 18. Wood working . Food Preparations 9. Milk inspection 10. Oleomargarine manufacturing 11. Refrigerator attendant 12. Tea blending and testing 13. Vinegar making and malt milling 14. Meat curing 15. Pickle making 16. Meat inspection 10. Textile Work 6. Mule fixer 7. Textile work 8. Weaving 9. Wool carding 10. Wool finishing 11. Repair Work 9. Phonograph repairs 10. Piano tuning and repairs 11. Scale assembling and rei>airs 12. Sewing machine adjusting and repairs 13. Typewriter repairs 14. Umbrella repairs 15. Vulcanizing Miscellaneous Trades and Occijpations. . Ammonia plant operating . Borbering . Book binding . Canning . Cash register assembling , Cigar making . Commercial compositing . DictaphOTie operating . Draughting, architectural . Draughting, mechanical . Draughting, ships . Draughting, structural steel . Elevator operating . Engineering fire prevention . Estimating and plan reading . Floral desigti . Florist . Fox farming . Gas engine assembling . Gas generating . Gas meter reading and assembling . Glass cutting . Glass blowing . Grocery business . Heating plant operating . Hunting and trapping . Janitors (superintc-ndent of building) . Lamp trimming . Laundry . Linoleum and carpet laying . Linotype operator . Lithography . Locomotive engineer . Machine design . Mining 14—5 , Monotypist Monotype casting , Mosaic work Motion picture operator Motion picture photography Motorman. Kjiitting machine operator ■ Multi^rraph operator , Multicolour press work . Nickel plating Phonograph record making . Printing Portrait painting . Railway track supervisor Railway traffic manager Railway baggageman Safety razor assembling Show card writing . Sign painting Sign writing Time keeping Toll gate attendant Undertaking Upholstering Vacuum cleaner assembling W^atchman "Wax modelling Well drilling Wig making Window dressilng Road building Taxidermy Monumental estimating Office supplies and manufacturing TtKIWUTMESr OF ^(H.DIKKX' ClVIh I,T-i:srMiLISnilEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Hl.SINF.SS AND COMMKlJCIAb ING 1. Administrativb Positions Accountiincy AdvertisinK Auctioneer Car inspector Cemetery manaRement Collender loreman Effliiency expert Finance trade and commerce Fire underwriter and insurance Food inspection Hotel management Insurance Investigation Uibrariau Lumber yaj*'d management Marine underwriter ^(unicipal secretary Purchasing agent Rooting supervision Sanitary inspection Salesmanship Social service secretary Special business course Steward Traffic management Si'BoHinNATE Positions 1. Book-keeping 2. Civil service 3. Clerical work 4. Commercial 5. Comptometer opi «. Cost production 7. Languages Navigation Telegraphy Telegraphy, railway 8. Mathematics, practical ;•. Matriculation 10. Shipping clerk 11. Stenography 12. Stock-keeping 13. General education 3. I'oM.MERCUL Facilities Telegraphy, wireless Cable telegraphy AURICCLTURAL TRAINING 1. General Farming 1. Agriculture 2. FAR.M Crop and Gardening Course 1. Floriculture 2. Fruit farming 3. Gardening, market ■1- Grain buying and inspection 1. Animal husbandry 2. Bee-keeping 3. Dairying 4. Hog raising 5. Rodentarian 6. I'oultry raising 1. Forestry 2. Ijog scaling and culling Horticulture Landscape gardening Seed sorting, grading and testing Farm drainage 3. Far.m .\nimal Col'rse Stock raising Poultry and gardening Poultry and dairying Poultry and hog raising Live stock inspection. 4. Forestry :!. Lumber grading and surveying l'ROFRSSION.*.L EDUCATION 1. Engineering 1. Assaying and milling 2. Chemistry 3. Chemical engineer 4. Civil engineer 5. Engineering, gas and steam 6. Engineering, electrical 7. Engineering, marine *. Engineering, mechanical 9. Engineering, mining 1«. Highway construction 1 1 . Laboratory work 12. Metallurgy 13. Oil technology 14. Power plant engineering 15. Science, applied Ifi. Surveying AXXVAL liKl'ORT £SSIONAL PAPER No. 14 1. Anaesthetics 2. Chiropody 3. Dentistry 4. Dental nursing r>. Drug clerk 6. Embalming 7. Masseurs* 5. Mano therapy 9. Medicine 10. Dietitian 11. Optometry 12. Pathology 13. Pharmacy 14. Public health nursing 15. Technician (X-ray) 16. Veterinary 3. Artistic Art and design Art flower decorating Cartooning Commercial art Commercial illustrating Commercial modelling Dancing S. Dramatic art 9. Motion picture acti: 10. Music 11. Photography 12. Sculpture 13. Portrait painting 1. Architecture 2. Arts 3. Bacteriology 4. Biology ."i. Economics «. Journalism 7. Law 4. Other Professional Courses S. Manual training S. Mineralogy 10. Physical training 11. Political science 12. Teacher's course 13. Theology 14. Commerce MINORS The number of minors to whom courses were granted is ll,5T-i. Of this number 3,270 discontinued and 620 were in training on the 31st December, 1920 as follows: — Inside schools 58 or 9-36% Outside schools 138 or 22-26'7c Industries 424 or 68-38 % The number of minors who had graduated up to December 31, 1920, is shown by districts : — Districts Qtiebec Nova Scotia . . . . Ottawa Kingston Peterboro Toronto Hamilton London Guelph Manitoba Sa.skatchewan . . . Alberta British Columbia. Xew Brunswick . . Total Graduates 893 760 432 223 115 1.756 622 183 169 712 260 424 673 462 EX-IMPERI.\LS Ex-Imperials who were resident in Canada at the outbreak of the great war are eligible for re-training, with pay and allowances, under the regulations governing ex-members of the Canadian forces. The figures witb reference to such men are given here, together with a statement showing the number of men who are receiving their training in the United States. In most cases these are men who were domiciled in the United States before joining the Canadian forces. 14—51 68 DhJPARTUKXT OF SOLDIEKS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISBUEyT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 EX-IMPERI.AX«— RESIDENTS OF CANADA ON OUTBREAK OF WAR Dis- Unlt Commenced Current Suspended continued Completed 359 34 63 EX-IMPERIALS — NOT RESIDENTS OP CANADA ON OUTBREAK OF WAR Unit Commenced Current Discontinued Completed STATEMENT SHOWING NUMBER OF MEN TRAINED IN UNITED STATES Unit Commenced Current Discontinued Completed A 5 3 2 B 12 T 5 19 2 2 15 4 1 3 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 6 3 3 1 1 5fi 16 3 37 RE-TRAIXIXG OF EX-MEMBERS OF THE CANADIAN" FORCES DISCHARGED IX ENGLAND The department has an office at 103 Oxford street, London, W., England, under the direction of Major C. Cr. Arthur, D.S.O.. and arrangements have heen made to take care of ex-members of the forces discharg-ed in England who are eligible for the benefits of retraining under Canadian regulations. 2. The total number of annlications received to date is 272. and 90 men were taking courses on the 31st of December, 1920, while 21 had completed. Men. while in trainine, are under regular supervision by a staff of visiting inspectors, whose duties are to see that they are receiving the approved training, to investigate all complaints, to make regular reports on the men's progress, to take cognizance of the conditions under which they are working in industries, to recom- mend changes of training courses in such cases as may appear to be desirable, and AXNUAL REPORT 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 to recommend extensions of courses when, for any reason other than negligence on the nart of the men concerned, they have not reached that degree of efficiency needed to enable them to become self-supporting by following the occupation for which they are being trained. It will be seen that the importance of the duties of the inspectors can scarcely be over-estimated. The object of the department's efforts in the re-establishment of the disabled man depends largely upon the honesty, judgment and tact of the inspectors, and the thoroughness and unfailing regularity and frequency of the inspection. That the work has been well done is shown by the fact that of the men who have completed their training and are no longer being reported on by the depart- ment, 72 per cent are following the lines of their training. Medical inspection is also provided for, and medical attention, oa full pay and cUowanoes, is given to every man needing it, on the recommendation of the medical officers, who are solely responsible for deciding when a man ie not i'a a fit condition to work. The periods of training are automatically extended to cover any loss of time caused by sickness, provided the absence was approved by the medical officers concerned. In a few cases when the sickness is likely to be for a long period the men are temporarily struck off the strength and taken on the strength of the Treat- ment Branch for treatment, with pay and allowances, and when fit to resume training are allowed to do so on vocational pay and allowances, or new courses are provided should their physical condition warrant such aetio'a and the men concerned desire such changes. The retraining policy of the department has been, and is. very elastic. There is a minimum of rules and regulations. The training is not restricted to certain fixed courses, a man's choice is only limited by his disability atid the occupations to be found in Canada, and no reasonable expense ie spared to provide every man with the best possible training. No report on the work of this branch would be complete that did not refer to the co-operation of employers of labour, and the success which has been obtai'ned by the department in the work of re-establishment is largely due to this assistance, in fact it could not have been accomplished without it. Employers have readily taken men into their places of business, frequently with some dislocation of their routine, taught them, often provided them with a monetary stimulus, and give them work on the completion of training. That the benefit in the majority of instances is mutual does not lessen the debt of the department to those who, by their generous and ready acknowledgment of the obligation which they owe, with Canada as a whole, to the returned man. have so materially assisted him in his return to civil life. The number of industrial establishments in which men have been placed for their training is 10,604, and the number of graduates from these establishments 37,566, or an average of 1-66 men to a shop. Care of the Blind The retraining of blinded soldiers is one of intense interest and many possi- bilities. The loss of sight, our most prized and highly developed sense, is, from a mechanical point of view, an irreparable one. A man who has lost an arm or a leg may be provided with a substitute, which, to a certain extent, takes the place of the missing member; once, however, the sight has been destroyed, no artificial substitute is possible. It but remains for other organs and senses to supply the loss. The training for the non-sighted man must be, therefore, of such a character as wiU enable him tc adjust himself to the new condition and to develop to the greatest extent the senses of touch and hearing, he must learn " How to be blind." His thoughts must be drawn away from the mental picture which first presents itself, that of the blind 70 r)h:PARTifF\r OF SOLDI EKS- CIVIL RK-HSTABLISHMEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 mendicant at the street corner. He must be taught to feel that in spite of his handicap a life of work and achievement is still open to him. and that the hand .-.tretchod out to him is not that of charity, but of encouragement and assistance towards hi? goal — independence. Blinded soldiers formed a very small percentage of the civsualties of the Great War. It was not until some four months after the beginning of the war that the necessity for their re-education became apparent even in Great Britain. All arrangements, for such training were very wisely left in the hands of Sir Arthur Pearson, himself totally blind, and St. Dunstan's came into being. At that time training of this nature had not been given special consideration in Canada, and our men, as soon as they had left hospital, were, with some exceptions, admitted to St. Dunstan's; these exceptions being those who did not wish to take training there, or whose eyesight at that time did not appear sufB^ciently impaired to warrant it. These received training at a later date in Canada. In the summer of 1918, the policy was adopted by this department whereby all blinded Canadian soldiers, who wished to do so, might enter St. Dunstan's for instruction. In order that the training in Canada might be established on a firmer and more up-to-date basis, the department secured the services of Captain E. A. Baker, M.C., Croix de Guerre. Captain Baker was the first Canadian officer graduate of St. Dunstan's, and a brilliant example of what can be accomplished by the methods instituted at that place. For the first two years after his return to Canada, he acted as " trouble manager " with the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario. He entered upon hi£ new duties with the department on August 1, 1918. On October 1, 1920, Captain Baker assumed the position of general secretary to the Canadian National Institute for the Blind; he is, however, still on the strength of this depart- ment in an advisory capacity. Training. — Training begins with a preliminary course— the man is taught Braille reading and writing, typewriting and certain handicrafts. While taking this course his capabilities, both mental and physical, are observed, and after consultation with the man himself regarding his desires, his vocation for the future is decided upon and the training towards this end commenced. At the commencement of his training he is presented with a Braille watch — a blinded man who can tell the time of day or night has taken the first step towards independence. Upon completion of training, provided that he can successfully operate same, a Braille writing machine and typewriter are also presented, and, where neces- sary, certain equipment to enable him to set up in his chosen business or profession. When training for the non-sighted was first undertaken in Canada such facilities as were provided by the Canadian National Institute for the Blind, the Montreal Association for the Blind, the Nazareth School for the Blind, Montreal, and the Halifax School for the Blind, were utilized. Arrangements were also made with the Nova Scotia Technical College, Halifax : ifilitary School of Orthopsedics, Surgery and Physio-therapy, Hart House, Toronto ; and the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, for other courses not included in the curricula of the above-mentioned training institu- tions for the blind. Of late there have been certain changes in these arrangements, the greater part of the instruction being given at Pearson Hall, the Blinded Soldiers" Department of the Canadian National Institute for the Blind. The hall is a fine old family mansion situated at No. 186 Beverley street, Toronto, and is used as a place of residence by the students. New and commodious training quarters were formally opened by His Excellency the Governor General on November 10, 1920. Among the numerous courses given here is massage. The instructor is a totally blind ex-soldier, trained at St. Dunstan's. who passed second highest out of a class of three hundred and twenty- seven at the examinations held by the Incorporated Society of Trained Masseurs, I AXXCAL REPORT 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 London, England. One of his pupils was the first blind man to pass through the School of Physical Science, McGill; another, the first to take the examinations of the Dominion ilass^age Association, with a rating of S6 jjer cent on all subjects. It may be stated that this association has been lately founded for the protection of all sighted and non-sighted masseuses and masseurs in Canada, also for the purpose of bringing about a close co-operation with the medical profession. Instruction in poultry farming and carpentry is also given under the Canadian Xational Institute for the Blind at Preston, the instructor, being an ex-soldier, and totally blind. On graduation, loans are provided by the Soldier Settlement Board, and the men assisted in settling down. Through the co-operation of various business firms training in certain lines, such as piano-tuning, rubber stock mixing, assembling of motors, has been provided. Besides training a man for his future vocation, attention is paid to recreation and sports and a fine showing has always been made at the annual siwrt's day at Pearson Hall. The men are also taught and encouraged to dance; as this makes for free and independent movement ; a weekly dance is held at the hall, to which they may invite their relatives and friends. After-care. — After a man is trained, it then becomes necessary to assist him to settle down in his chosen occupation, and to show him that a keen interest is still being taken in his future welfare. With these ends in view a full and comprehensive system of "' after-care " was established by St. Dunstan's in Great Britain. This has been adapted as far as possible to Canadian needs, although in this country the comparatively small number of men and the vast areas through which they are scattered complicates operations to a large extent. The department has entrusted this work of after-care to the Canadian Xational Institute for the Blind, through the agency of Pearson Hall, thereby making use of the Dominion-wide organization which the institute has established. Raw materials are supplied to the men at cost price, their manufactured products disposed of, their work inspected and any faults in process or method corrected, in short, they are given any assistance possible that may be needed at the moment. There are at the head oiBee of the depar.tment many interesting records of the successes attained by these men, and accomplishments which, up to a few years ago, would have been looked upon as impossible. The number of Canadians who are reported to be suffering from blindness and defective eyesight discharged from the Canadian Army and receiving pension for these reasons is 1,966, of whom Ifl^, have lost sufficient sight to require retraining-, of these 3-2 cases are under investigation and it is expected that approximately 13 of them will be able to take retraining. The 192 cases which have been trained, are now under training or under investigation, are classified as follows : — Loss of both eyes ' 52 Loss of right eye 39 Loss of left eye 29 Other visual disorders ^. . . . 72 Of this number 110 are totally blind, or possess only a perception of light. Of 32 cases now under investigation seven have lost the sight of both eyes, five that of the right eye and four of the left, sixteen other visual disorders and of these thirty-two cases, fourteen are totally blind, or possess only a perception of light. 72 DEPARTUEXT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHilEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Thirty-three men are undergoing training at the present time, ten being at St. Dunstan's and twenty-three in Canada. Tlie disability of these men is as follows:— Loss of bolh eyos 3 Loss of right eye ;, Loss of left eye 5 Other visual disorders 20 33 Of these 20 are totally blind, or possess only a perception of light. Note. — Owing to more definite information on various cases, a number of men, who in last year's report, were placed in the category covering " visual disorders," have now been included in a specific classification. The above-mentioned men are undergoing training as follows: — Poultry farming and carpentry 3 Boots and mats 3 General and preliminary 11 Stenography 1 Vocal 1 Baskets and nets 2 Rattan work 1 Broom -making 4 Electric-motor assembling 1 Law course, university 1 Business course 1 Total 33 The men who have been trained and settled down are disposed of as follows: — Massage 13 Poultry farming and carpentry 24 Boots and mat.'; 5 Piano tuning 5 Stenography 7 Joinery 2 Baskets and nets 5 Broom-making • 3 Telegraphy 1 In business for themselves 13 Wicker work and rattan , 3 Returned former occupations 5 General secretary 1 Instructors 4 Market gardening 1 Assembling agricultural motors 1 Employed business firms 8 Mats and nets 3 Unable, unwillimg or waiting for employment 19 Deceased 4 > • ■ Total 127 EMPLOYMENT AND AFTER CARE Growth of Work Until towards the end of 1919, the Employment and Aftercare Division in the units, while it was a definite part of the work, was a comparatively easy task. The energies of the district officers were chiefly directed towards interviewing and caring for students in training which occupied most of their time and thought. There were AyXUAL REPORT 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 few graduates and eomparatiTely plenty of vacancies and it was not a difficult matter to follow 'up the graduates to find out how they got along and to render whatever assistance was necessary towards their permanent establishment. The following will give the gro^vth of the work: — Number of graduates — • December, 191S ' 2,2S5 , December, 1919 ~: 9.^55 December, 1920 36,826 This shows that during 1920, 27,371 completed training. REST.\TEMENT OF POLICY With the demobilization of the Information and Service Branch and the very large number of men who were graduating it became necessary definitely to establish the policy concerning employment. Up to this time while the Training Branch had assumed responsibility for seeing that graduates obtained employment, the Information and Service iBranch had to a great extent assisted in placing vocationally trained men. All concerned were notified that the Training Branch was responsible for securing employment for all graduates, also, for all handicapped cases, whether vocationally trained or not. SUPER\1SI0N In order to see that this policy was carried out, head office has followed certain lines of action: (1) Dealing, as heretofore, with individual cases as reported by their monthly follow-up reports. (2) Observing results and where necessary by construc- tive criticism with regard to them. (3) Advising them concerning the organization and methods of work. 1. By taking up with district officers individual cases and suggesting methods of dealing with them. 2. Various charts and statistics have been forwarded showing the comparative standing of the imits and where they have been successful and unsuccessful, and! generally observing the results of the work. This too has resulted in continued effort on the part of the units to get every man satisfactorily placed and to find out what has happened to each graduate in order to know definitely the results of retraining. 3. By sending to each district an experienced employment officer to assist in the organization of the Employment Division and offer suggestions regarding methods of interviewing men and employers. 4. By creating at head office a special section to find openings for employment for severely disabled men and to secure appointments for those who were suitable, in the Civil Service. RESULTS CLOSED CASES Up to the present the policy of the department has been to cease following up graduates whenever they have held a steady position for at least four months. However, there are certain graduates who "go abroad" or, otherwise, are ""unable to trace;" others return to hospital for lengthy periods or die; while a few do not merit further consideration from the department. nFI'ARTMF\T OF ^OLDIFItS' ClVll. ieF-Ffis?(-ntinued^ancelled Repaid 80 DEPAHTUEyT OF SOLDIERS- CIVIL RE-ESTABLISBUEKT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 NLMBKi: OF LOANS. BY TRADES. IN OPEr..\TION. AT DEXTEMBER 31. 1920— Concludetl. Trade Cabinet -making Carpentering Cleaning and pressing. . . Confectionery Civil Service, Post Office. Contracting Commercial work Commercial art Chiropodist Dentistry Draughting Decorating Dairying Electricians Engineering "B" loans.. . Electro-plating Electric welding Fishing Farming (small) (fox) (fruit) " (poultry) Gardening General repair work . . . . Hotel-keeping Harness-making Hat manufacturing Laundry work Law Locksmithing Machinist Medicine Massaging Motion pictures Manufacturing Ministry "B" loan Motor-cycle repairs Music Navigation Optometry Oxy-acetylene welding. . . Pharmacy Photography Plumbing Picture-framing Printing Piano-tuning Reed and rattan work.. . Rodentarian Salesmanship Shoemaking Show-card writing Sign painting Store-keeping Saw-filing Tailoring Taxi service Telegraphy Tinsmithing Transfer-baggage Toymaking Typewriter repaiiring. . .. Upholstering Undertaking , Vulcanizing Veterinary surgeon Watch repairing Wood-working Number Discontinued Cancelled Repaid Total SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 AXXUAL HEI'ORT CLASS B EDLCATIOSAL LOANS Under sub-paragraph "b" of Order iu Council P.C. 2329 it has been permissible to grant loans to disabled men, to enable them to continue their education or training, which was interrupted by war service. The following table shows the number of applications received, approved, and not approved. The majority of these applications were not approved owing to the fact that the disability claimed was so slight that it did not warrant the desired assistance. 'B" LOANS UP TO AND IXCI^UDING DEXTEMBER 31. 1920 Number Applications Received Number Applications Approved Number Applications not Approved Applications Cancelled 1S5 31 149 Note. — One of the five applications approved in leaving four loaru; only outstanding. Unit, has recently been cancelled, BALANCE SHEET. LOANS TO DECEMBER 31, 1920. Date. Dr. Date. Cr. Dec. 31, 1920.. Total amount of loans approved. $545, 004 76 Dec. 31, 1920. Repayments: Loans fully repaid -S 6,157 00 Paid on notes on maturity. 1.209 73 Paid on notes before ma- turity 2,110 85 s -$ 9,477 58 Discontinued Loans — iVmount realized on sale of equipment 10.188 87 Loan value of equipment awaiting disposal 19.849 56' Amount not recoverable... 280 00 Cancelled Loans — Total $ 84,185 71 Amount outstanding on ap- proved loans t460,819 05 545,004 76 $ 545.004 76 *lncluded in amount outstanding in table, page tThe actual expenditure to the 31st December, 1920 amounted to $437,478.25 EECOEDS AND STATISTICS 1. In keeping the records and statistics of the Training Branch, the object has been to provide immediate, adequate and reliable records and statistics and also to' provide, in place of many records in various forms, simplified records which would 14—6 82 iii:r \in\ii:\i nr >m/,/r•{ snidcuts in v.icational and c-iirativ,- training. ((/) Instructors' report*. (2) The compiling of vocational statisti<-s. (.■')) After-care correspondence. METHOD OK UECOKDING The methods h.v uhicli these reconis have hecn inaiiitaiiiert of the f'ollow-uiv record of each graduate is forwarded until the man's case is closed. In other words, the individual files give the complete history of each case and it i« from this individual information that records are obtained. This in-ocedure (a) and ('') works out very satisfactorily a* one gi-oup notes all information up to completion using one set of cards while another group notes th- follow-U)) work. (r) Atti'iuluiicf. — An individual attenilancc record wa^ forwarded weekly by \niits for all men tiil'. « Final disposition. 'I'rade in which loan applied for. Class and amount of loan applied for. Application granted or refused. 'IVrmination of loan. It will be seen from this that to code the very detailed information requiiles ai thorough knowledge both of training procedure ^ind its .application to the records. Clerks having this experience were put on and this work is well under way, DECRE.\SE IN ST.\FF The reorganization and co-ordination of work has resulted in a considerable decrease in the stafF. On December 31, 1919, there were 123 on the staff, on December 31, 1920 there were 71. There would have been a much larger reduction of staff but for the extra work entailed in coding the final records on the Hollerith cards. There are at present seventeen clerks engaged in this work. The attached staff and files summary also shows that the number of files still remains very large. From January 1, 1920, to December 31 were handled 446,990 files, an average of 1,487 a day. 14— 6i . 84 nKPARTUEXT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTAHLISHUEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 WORK OF THK STAFF The clearing of the constant flow of files has been one of the greatest tasks. Quite frequently 2,500 or 3,000 files come into the office in a day. However, the work of recording is not simply a copying operation. It requires a pood knowledge of training procedure to make an intelligible summary and to interpret the various subsequent letters which are written in each case. It also requires considerable further oare to see that each file contains a proper .sequence. Quite frequently, conflicting information is noted and has to be corrected. XfMBER OP FILKS AND STAFF MONTHLY. YEAR lft20 1920 No. of Staff No. ot Files January - 123 33,981 February 124 32,147 March 120 36,774 April 110 46.02.i May Ill 43,201 June 105 42.686 July 103 ii.59r. , August 9" 38.091 J September 90 32.111 ) October 79 31.787 November "^3 38.813 December "1 26.779 Total 446.990 Average number ot files per day. 1,4S7. SFSSIONAL PAPER No. 14 AyXUAL ItEl'ORT Hi III 11 III H!?S|? DFI'ARTMF.ST Of HOI.IH ICUk' il) II. HII-FSTA III.ISH \l HST 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 AW UAL REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 DER^RTME:^^^ of soldieirs civil rei-e^stabushmeist CHART SHOWING TVPEjS OK TRAIMING TAKE.H - BV OCCUPATIONAU. GCOUPS OE.C E^J-lBEJg S1»T 1920 ALL CANADA A"que:bec B.NOVA SCOTIA &" P E..I . PE.TO?BORO G. MANITOBA LALBtRTA COLUMBIA K B«?l5!fswlC L-E-QEIMO zneKwy v- 14-7 I 88 DEF.H!TSIE\T Of SOUilHh'.s- rlVlL lUC-K.-^TAlir.I.SHilEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 CURREIhT RETRAIMIMG DEC. 31, 191 9. PeRCEMTAec MtN UMIT 10 20 30 AC 50 60 70 6 C 90 I 1038 F iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiil ,v\\'y\\\y--y:y.'-\' 6?56 D iiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin 936 K iiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii o:V>:'i."-:v X';-:::;v:-;:::/:o:-: IlillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllH^ 2423 A «;sV>;'0>!v;\'\"<,'s!'«;"::v:':W:::::x::: llllllllll 1947 C lllllllr lllllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII lllllll llllllllllllllllllllllllll llllllllll 1953 vJ .s.n: »'"i'*«"»,'"',''i'> '«'»« «,''«'«.'«i"''\'i««''< •••••• •:••:••:••,• ;•: lllllll iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiliiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii llllllllll IS'^I B iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii llllllllll 1476 I .'s:s >;'<.'s:''..''0«.:*.:'<.v<:'«i:'v'' vr-^-tv:-:: . llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^^ 1743 & za^57 MrWDA lllllll liiiiii IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII s:'«.:».:'«.:''.>.:';;':;^;:;:;:>:s;'-; iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIMI iiiiiitiiiiiiiiiMiiniii llllllllll Insidt Schools ^:%^^a Ojtside Schools KCSSSSSi Indcisfnes I CURRENT RETRAIMIMG DEC 3IJ9E0. PERCENTAGE MEN UNIT 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 1 316 F iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimniiiniiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiii illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^ 171 K lllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllH 500 C llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 783 B llllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllH 1276 D iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiii 305 A iiii u U 1 M immii ii d: :u ffiia lljl 1 1! WMn 66 H 1 M inHml i JHsassBn 1"! i llllllllillllll 266 & iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii lllllll IIII iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 147 I lllllllilllliilllllllllllillilllililllllllllllllilllllllllllllll .;.;•;•:•;•;?■■•;.. IIII 664 J Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllillllllll 4714 »mMliJiiiiliiiil ill! |m MHM ^^Nm^ii^^™™ 'mrnmmmmTnnrnnm tft in HUH Iniide Schoob ^:n^X^ Outside Schools Indostrics ANNUAL REPORT SESSIONAL PAPEf? No. 14 GRADUATES DEC. 3IJ9I9. PERCEMTAGE MEN UMIT 10 20 3Q 40 50 60 70 60 90 1 517 F iljiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiijiMiiijiiiijiiiiiimiuiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiim^ jijjijjljiijiilijlilijjijiijijji ji|iiiiiliiliiiiiijij|ijjiilitt 3944 D 962 A 973 J 218 K 430 B 1 II i 1 1 1 III II 1 iiii II 1 II 1 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii AwayviO^^ ii in 1 559 H illilllllljlilllliiilil lllllllllll llllllllill lllllllllll I'll iji!|l!i!{i|l|i!|i|i!ii 1039 G 1 i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 756 C Illlillllllllllllllllll mill iiiiii mill 1057 I lllll :>;'-;".:«>;i;:!;i;;;; IHIIIIjllllllllillllll iiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiii 9455 CAMADA lllll »*•**»*!*' '»\ * V:-- niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiii mil Iniide 5chool5EHS O^jtside Schools ^^^ Indiialries GRADUATES DEC 31,1920. percentage: MEM UNIT 10 10 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 K43 K {iiiiiiijiiimHiiiiiiiimimiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 2134 F ijiii|{ii!i|jiiiiiijjiiiijiiij|ii|» iiiliiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiH^ 2423 B l|l||ijii!|i|||iliii|iiiiiiiiii|ii!Jip^ 12950 D 3600 A iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^ 1382 H llllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllHIIIIIIIIIIIII^ 3415 J i||i!il!i!ji|jiii!i|ii!i!ll!ii|i||i!ii|ij||jl!|!lH 3364 C ^ u u u u iLuiii 1 1111 lu mil 11 lllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 3219 G Bfinll QibOb tlHtlH wl R I II lull E lul i lllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 2876 I B OK tS D Kf & In miIbhm 36626 CANADA n HUiOIIIllllll in Qlilll Ili lllllll ■■■■III IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII mil IIIIII II IftfflHt i ImlKiiil) fflnlmffm M Iff Inside 5chool5 cess Ourside .Schools >58g6S?fl Indu5fnc5 iii:i' \in\ii:\r or sof.Dirns- iivn. i{i:-Ksr.inr.isiiMF\r 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 INFORMATION AND SERVICE BRANCH Prim- to the date of tlie armistic-e, the majority of the members of the Canadian Ivxpeditionary Force who had returned from overseas were physically unfit. The main ))rovisioiis it was necessary to make for them were hospitalization, pensions, and voca- tional training. On the 11th November, 1918, the Government was faced with another jiroblem, that of- reabsorbinfr into civil life the persoimel of the Canadian Corps then over.seas, which, with the addition of men still in hospitals in France and Kiipland. minibcved iipprnximjitclv :!."iO,(100 men. l'l!liI,L\llN \10 MKASL^ltliS Ou tile d;iti' of the cc^-isation of hostilities, the Minister of Soldiers' Civil llc-estab- lislinient suninioncd to the cai)ital a itrominent manufacturer and one of the leaders 'if the labour movement in Canada. The first was Mr. L. L. Anthes, Chairman of the Toronto Branch of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, then serving as a major in the Canadian Engineers. The second Mr. 'I'. A. Stevenson, Secretar>'-Treasun>r of the Toronto Trades and Labour Council, and President of the Typographical Union of Canada. Ou arrival, they were as.«igned the task of formulating plans for dealing with the re-establishment of all members of the Canadian Expeditionary Forces, and ^VJIied Forces returning to Canada, for whom other facilities had not been provided. l^>esides being riniuested to formulate i)lans, they were also asked to assume the respon- sible duty (if carrying thcni out. TIIK CUKATION OK TlIK BliANCH The nature of the problem which confronted them may be appreciated better wlien it is realized that until this time the only jirovisions made for dealing with re-establishment were: (a) the Medical Treatment Branch and Vocational Training Branch of the Department of Soldiers" Civil Rc-estal>lishment, which had been estab- lished to treat and retrain the comparatively small number of men who had returned -from overseas physically uufit to resume their former occupations : (h) the Soldier Settlement Board, which was considering an extensive land settle- ment scheme. There was no co-ordinated system for jilacing men. whether ex-soldiers or civilians, in touch with emi)loyment opportunities, nor for solving the manifold problems that confronted a man on his return to civil life, except through the various Provincial Returned Soldier Commissions, which had done an excellent work in this direction, and other patriotic organizations throughout the country which had been dealing with the situation locally. There was no desirei to interfere with the operation of these organizations, but it was felt that to dispose adequatel.v of such a large number of men ou their arrival, became a federal responsibility. Wliile the problems to be solved were many and varied, yet the most important seemed to be to ensure employment for men as soon as possible after their arrival. There were not more thau eleven Goverimient employment offices throughout the whole of Canada, and it was foreseen that the only wa.y to prevent congestion in the larger cities, and to reabsorb approximately 350,000 men into a population which numbered at that time less than S.000,000 was to establish a chain of employment offices from coast to coast. After a careful survey of the situation, and I'diifcrcnces A^yUAI. RKI'ORT . 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 with leading men engaged in wrestling with these problems, it was decided to create a new branch of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establislimeut, which was tenta- tively termed the Demobilization Branch, but as a truer perspective developed as to its functions, the title was changed to that of " The Information and Service Branch," headquarters being established at 130 Queen street, Ottawa. Of this branch, Mr. L. L. Anthes became the first director, with Mr. T. A. Stevenson as assistant director. This arrangement continued until ^fr. Anthes, on account of pressure of private business, and as the back of the work was broken, resigned in the early part of 1920, and was succeeded b,v ilr. T. A. Stevenson. The functions of the branch were: — 1. To place demobilized men in touch with opportunities for employment. '1. To re-establish the large number of professional and business men who had severed their connections and abandoned their practices on enlistment. 3. To render infornnitinn and !ii>ii:taii'-c t.i returned men in their various i>rivate and i>ersonal troubles. giESTlO.NX.VJKES In order that the Government agencies in Canada, dealing with the various )ihases of re-establishment, might have sufficient information on which to base policies, make provision for employment facilities, and be in a position to advise the men as to their future, it was deemed desirable to obtain accurate and tip to date information regarding the former occupations of the men still overseas, and also the work in which they desired to engage on their return. Some of them who had severed their business and residential connections on enlistment, desired to settle down in other parts of tha country, and many also thought the time opportune for taking up other than their pre-war employment, on their return to civil life. To obtain this informa- tii'n the department selected representatives from officers with organizing ability, still serving in the forces, who furnished a questionnaire to every member of the Canadian corps on the Western Front. The magnitude of this work wiU be realized when it is appreciated that a jiart of the Canadian corps was on the Rhine, and a part in Belgium; the Canadian Forestry Cori>s was scattered all over France from Bordeaux tenses, remission of sentence to imprisonment, repatriation, war service badges, and gratuities. The total number of such inquiries for information and assistance dealt with exceeded 1,218,472. The staff in the various offi.ces interviewed all returned men who applied for employment, and assisted them as far as poesible in securing the kind of work desired. In many cases men were undecided as to the t,vi>e of work in which the.y wished to engage, and the Information and Service Branch representatives were ever ready to give friendly advice and skilled assistance. C.VNVASSIJJG The employment work did not merely consist of listing positions which were sent to the offices, but an active campaign was waged at all times to find suitable employ- ment for returned men. Canvassers were regularly engaged in calling on employere to obtain notice of positions available, to ascertain the class of help required, and to place the organization at the disposition of the employer. These canvassers were very successful in inducing employers to create vacancies in which to place returned men during the winter of 1919-20, at which time the unemployment situation was particularly acute. Industries staffed largely with foreigners were explored to determine the degree to which returned men could replace this labour, and with the co-operation of the employers concerned, large replacements were effected. CLEARANCE In order to overcome the situation created by having a surplus of employment in one locality, and a surplus of workers in another, a system of inter-office, and later on inter-provincial clearance was instituted. It is worth.y of passing note that a large percentage of the clearance work effected was from the larger cities towards the smaller communities. The total number of positions found was 175,157, and the actual number of men placed was 109,493. The difference between the two figures is explained by the fact that many men were found positions more than one. (See statement 2.) FEDERAL EMERGENCY APPROPRIATIOX In December, 1919, the Federal Government established a fund for the relief of the ex-members of the forces who were out of work during the winter months of 94 ItKI'AKTMHSr OF SOl.ltlKlfS- ClVlh KK-KSTAIILISII \l i:\T 11 GEORGE \'. A. 1921 l!t]'.»-20. Tlii-i limil WHS styled tlic I'l'cliial iMTiiTjrciicy Aiipnipiiiitinii. The iissistiinci" given under tliis fund was three-fold:-- (a) to men wlio weve out of work, (b) to men, who having work in other loi-alitie> were witliuiil means of trjuis- portation to tlic place of work, and (c) to men, who although working:, were not in reeeipt of suHicieut renuineration to supixirt themselves and families. The actual payment of cash was carried out by the Canadian Patriotic Tund, who furnished the relief on production, liy the applicant, of a certificate from the Informa- tion and Service Branch stating that no employment was available, or that the other conditions existed, which were necessary to obtain such assistance. D\iring the four months the fund was in existence some. 54,583 men obtained assistance. The average length of time that such assistance was granted covered about five weeks, but only six men received assistance for the whole. period of eighteen weeks; 190,5)79 certificates and renewals for all causes were issued. It is interesting to note the reasons for which certiticat-es were issued. They are as follows: — Pci-xoiial reasons — Pir ivnt Handicap ."'2 Old age 4 4 Temporary illnes.'> S-4 Octuoational diseases 3 6 Seasonal occupations 12 3 Jiuht^trial reasons — Men whose trai-nin^ wa.s jntt-n'uptfd by war service 12 .'■ Blind alley occupations 9-4 "White collar" 6-7 .Shortage of work ' . . 13-5 rnskilkd. untrained 23 0 Tiital 1000 nEMOBILiy-.^TKlX In the spring of 1920 the work of the Information and. Service Branch showed a marked contraction in volume, and the work of demobilization commenced. By the first of July all representatives from the public employment offices had been wiflh- drawn, and the work assumed by the Employment Service of Canada. The Unit Offices were next wound up. and the head office of the branch closed its doors on A'ovember 30, 1920. The following statistical statements, dealing with various phases of the work of the branch, present a comprehensive survey of the number of men dealt with and results obtained, but do not do more than cover the barest outline of a task, the details of which cannot be compressed into the limited space available for this report: — 1. Employment in General — 'Showing the number of men registered and placed hy provinces. 2. Placements in employment — Showing the number of times men were placed in )X)sitions. 3. Statements of Federal Emergenc.v Ai)pro|iriation — Analysis of certificates and renewal issued b,v provinces. 4. Flow Chart of Federal Emergency Api)roi)riation certificates and renewals — showing, of the original applications each we(>k, to how many renewals were issued. .ly.vri/, h'F.i'oHT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 OQ« M ■" O i:C c . -; ^, 3_ (-. -^ t 00ffl"3»Ct~-— CCi-^^CdCacC o 1 c^^c^l>.■^rwc^oc•I(^ncfCl>■^c ncii ing • atcs CI -r^c;i- r^c.-rcs « - ^ a sn O 0) t- H -^ "^ tf?TOOQOoeCS'«I"*OC 'S 0^gOt-TOOTO»0i^c^t^c^o=oc»TOoor-cs « "3 oo - -S If* *^— ' o^io c^i"— "c^iao CO is ^ 1 »C>J«;-^«50»OeoiftTOTO»00 »o«0'^«5«a5"^t-TOOics»cco -^OOCqoOOOOCOOOTOt^OTOOa »o t^ Oa "5 J o'?< C'i" TjT r--" f ' ® t>r TO -^ t>r TO C6 -^ s = r|5K •* '^ £ '"-" S P"C o'" * 5 c Ca-wt^TfCOWCtiiMOOOOOTO a = -^ — : USOOI^-^t^-^TOi-^uSt^Ot^OO ^ ^P ""-"""'"''"-- g" ■g as rn"^ 1 ! i TO TO U5 CS O O (M C- PC 1^ OO <0 -* 00 *a = £ -g I>^O-^Q00eCS'T'-»CQC«C?« 'fl' t^ S K c? 3 5 ="0 r-> t~ i s E — • « c^ ^ "3 e ll 1 c OcO* > c 1 3 1 3 - 1 i^ z z c :^ X 3 ■/<■ ^ 1 96 DFI'MITMEST OF SllIJUKIfS- Civil. RE-KSTAi:i.lSH M H.ST 11 GEORGE y, A. 1921 ill! ■3 3 = >, = •5 2 I — 2C5£»^Occc«rt — esc — '^ o S ,0 05L, ogg o— "■a*cjowoo>'»»'c*3t*-H^ scs?oo^'*«oi>-e > "d" -^10 •^ij«30 5H ^5= ot^-ws-* — ^-fl-^r^c S — Ou-t-_.t o»^M'^o*»'— *—»!>-— r'-r*. 21o3 ~*~'l^' g ss'fe ••2.2 . ; 5 S 5 d ^ ._ ;aacl« ,-| ;» gat's i Co^'^.-goa':;" .= > So-5 c I i = 5-5 g- t, o © 3 ^ ^ o. c. ^ e9 5^'C ;i, ^ 12; c;*; w ^ 2: ^1 s X < ;:: I 3 i AWVAL IlKI'OUT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 AverageNo. of weeks each man received Unemploy- ment Certificate.s. 2 to T'T'r''-^: r- oc » ■!J- -*• ■^ « X - — CS — CS S h- c. ^ CliC^OClCICC — — -OOQC— . wo ooscooor^ os c*- c - i •a 0 S a a > 'tl c c 1 .2 <= £-3 .2 5.= Ii > a m c J= H a 0 0 ; a 1 a < § £ C z < 6 = i)i:f'M!rMi:\r or si>i.i)it:h:s' civil i;i:-i:srMti.isii.\iL\T 11 3EORGE V, A. 1921 _^ Ji . ■^ iZ « f < 1 -s 1 _J^ ^S IT — «■«■' xn ':;|Q ■=•? ■ oogg X^ a 2 IS H s ^1- t;gg^ "S ?% 2 c; jC-« • "g~ s Q ^s? -2S22 ■* i-^ Si <; - 5: • 5^« TOOO-*'nt= "So" a tt "SS2S5g ^ iS TO S^C - r>- cc oe CM 05 0 po _: U CC CM -H CS CM W 0 CM eC C-» !W CQ CM S C*l o,- i -&'- ~ E-- .c-^ Tj>^rrc6CMW3CMO t- t^ = u - S~ « r^t^cM'*»cPC'Oooc« c 2: :S^« 3 — 0 2£< CO X V- ^ > <; ^■^ ■ t4cMf^iC«0C«CMt^O l^ J= CC-l Xt— 3C0C«Cn'CM— • ^ r^ 2i CJP »C i- H! y. 0 „^ . aoc^eoGon — SSc^ui^ S5 H E! S|0 CSO>C5CiOCt^-r-*CM — < 13 -J< . OC^aJfOC — C&O0«ft|---*CM o> >< ■^OOe^OC;=ccc»r?'(rc^i'— Oft u: i^ 02c 00 R 0 'f "si =:" 0 £-gc^ CO 0 y. fc sl- ? ^ s '~ "1- ■<1« <; r* ^"c '•^ cs :¥|w — C^l c» -^ -^' — ' — «" (^ 3C c — ac-T — ccL-ror- cMCi— i--c=«*c l| = 30ccocc*.'3fr)t--f'>^or^«c"5e?oc — !S C a 5=>Ooo— "TCMCCCM — C3r-t^«c-rc^ — CD 13 S^^C — OCMOC§SSoC^£§^^0 0 ^, ■V t- f A IM ^ S" -i'sooo-rr^ooc'icMoo^oc'rfcafcoso 00 <; s :2S for these services. In addition the TJnlt Director of Adiiiini.-triition is resiKinsiblo fsterii and Central iledieal and Dental Stores, administered hy the Director of Medical Services. The Orthoj)a;die and Surgical Appliances Branch with a main store at Toronto, and local stores in each TTnit. under the control of the Director of the Orthopsedic and Surjrical Appliances Branch. The followiucr changes in cunnection with the handling and control of depart- mental cdic and Surgical Appliances Branch main stores is still under the control of the Director of Orthopa?dic and Surgical Appliances Branch, as it is attached to, and forms part of the orthopaedic factory. ((') Returns covering stores, are made to the Stores and Equipment Division at head office. (/) The orthopfodie stores in the units conic under the control of the Unit Director of Administration. lu this manner control of all stores and equipment belonging to the department, is now centered in one division, under the Director of Administration. The Stores and Equipment Division is also i-es])onsible for the proper listing on disposal ledgers, of all equipment and sui)i)lies that are declared surplus to require- ments. Before surplus supplies are passed to the Sales Division for disiwsal, a board is held and an appraisal made of the vjilue of the equipment, as a guidance to the sales , officer, in disposing of same. During the last few months a complete inventory has been made of all equipment and supplies belonging to the department, necessitating the retention of a larger staff, for a longer period, than would otherwise have been retiuired. The total value of equipment on charge to the department a.s at December 31. was $2,654,558.86. The total value of stores on hand as at December -31. was *1. 400.2-22.52. PAY A^D PEllSO.VAL SERVICES DIVISION The Pay and Personal Services Division was formerly known as the Chief Inspector's Branch, but this latter title disappeared upon the reorganization which became effective August 31, 1920. The functions formerly performed by the Chief Inspector's Brancli were, in a measure, carried on by the Pay and Personal Serv'ice Division. All records and documentation of patients receiving treatment by the department are maintained: the awarding of pay and allowances for general treatment as well as AyyVAL REPORT 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 for the insane ex-members of the forces and their dei)ende.uts (this not only includes (Canadians, but ex-members of the forces from within the Empire and the Allied coun- tries with whom reciprocal arrangements have been made): elothins;- for patiepts: jiayment of war service srratuity for men on the strength of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment; discipline in institutions; proper notification of next of km in the ease of de^th of patient and the proper burial and records of deceased patient-s; transportation, passenger and freight, repatriation of Australians and Chaplain Services covered the activities of the Chief Inspector's Branch. CIIAXGE.S nt"K TO r,EORf;ANlZATION With the new organization whereby the medical services became responsible entirely for institutions, personnel and patients therein, all questions relating to discip- line were taken over by the Treatment Branch imder the same regulations promulgated by the Chief Inspector's Branch. With the. creation of the General Division all questions in relation to transpor- tation ceased to become a personal service, and were taken over by the General Division. The free issue of clothing to p.<>tients on the strength of the department authorized under Order in Council P.C. 2325. dated Xovpmber 21, 1919, ceased upon the passing of Order in Council P.C. 1549* and in lieu of free issue of clothing each patient was granted, as from July 1. a cash allowance at the rate of $7 per month. Clothing still in stores was available to patients on the repayment plan as long as the supplies lasted. „ '. WAK SERMCE GRATUITY During the yeur tiTl applications for the payment of war service gratuity in a lump simi were considered by the committee in charge of this work. These were approved and paid. During the year war service gratuitj" accounts other than the above were completed to the number of l.l-lS. EK-IMPERIALS The year 1920 has seen a large increase in the number of ex-members of the Imperial forces applying for treatment and it became necessary to create machinery to deal with this class of patient. Conferences were held by the Chief Inspector with the Officer Paying Imperial Peitsions and other officials of this department and a policy was drawn up governing treatment and the issue of pay and allowances to ex- uiembers of the forces. Ex-Imperials were divided into two classes: — (a) Those with a pre-war domicile in Canada or the United States- of America. (6) Those who have cpme to Canada or the United States since August 4, 1914. The former are paid at the same raters as ex-members of the Canadian Exi)edi- tionary force" by this department. Class (fc) formerly paid by the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ke-establishment have since June 1, 1920, been paid by the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada, Imperial Section. Certain difficulties in connection with the pay and allowances of ex-officers of the Imperial forces have recently been cleared up through correspondence between the Ministry of Pensions, England, and the Secretary, Board of Pension Commissioners Imperial Section, and a clear policy has now been established. See Appendix III, page 1.52. 104 nHfARrMH\T OF SOhnihJIls' CIVIL KK-KSTABLISBUEyT 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 IXCKEASE IN r\V Wn AM.OWANCKS The rate of pay and allowauces to cx-mi'm'bers in n-c-cipt of general treatnient au-d their dependents was increased (by Order in Council 2139, effective September 1. 1&20) t so that the allowances now paid are approximate to a total disability pension. The allowances to the wife or to the dependent mother of an insane ex-member of the forces were increased by 25 per cent. This applied only to those living in Canada. The rates for the dependent children of an insane man were increased in the case of the second child from $10 to $12 per month, while the third and each subsequent child was increased from $S to $10 per month. The increases for children are appli- cable without regard to place of residence. TRANSFERS TO BRITISH ISLES Arrangements have been made by the department for the transfer of insane cases to British institutions where the immediate relatives of the patient are living in the British isles and making such request. DEATHS, FUNER.\I.S, PKliSONAL EFFECTS In the case of the death, of a patient on the strength of the department, notifica- tion is immediately sent by telegram to the next of kin, if in Canada, by the Unit Director of Administration; if in the British isles notification is sent by the Chief of Pay and Personal Services Division. In the matter of funerals the department conforms as far as possible to the wishes of relatives, and burials are carried out in a befitti-ag manner. Letters of condolence go forward to the nest of kin in all cases. The personal effects of deceased patients are taken care of by the Unit Director of Administration, until advised by the Director of Records, Department of Militia and Defence, as to their disposal. REPATRIATION" OF ATSTRALIAXS During the year officials of the department have acted as agents for the Mini&iry of Repatriation in Australia and arrangements for the transportation of Australians who served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force and their dependents who desired to return to Australia were carried out. CHAPL.UK SERVICES Owing to the gradual demobilization of the Chaplain Services of the Department of Militia and Defence, it became •necessary for the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment to make provision for carrying on religious work in hospitals, visitation of the sick in their homes, entertainment of men undergoing treatment, and for rendering personal service wherever possible to the returned man and his dependents. The department employs 15 full-time chaplains and 15 part-time chaplains for this purpose. ASSI.STAXCE FOR RETURN TO RELATH^ES — IX SPECUL CASES The Parliamentary Committee at the last session recommended that any cases coming to the notice of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment covered t See Appendix I. page 134. Ay y UAL KFPOHT 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 by the following- siiggestious should be relerred ra each iuetauee to the Governor General in Council with a special recommendation : — 1. That in the case of a tuberculous patient transferred from one locality to another for treatment, his wife, family and household effects be also trau>- ferred at the public expense. 2. That if in the case of a ma^i who emigrated to Canada it is considered desirable for medical reasons that he be transferred to the custody and care of friends outside of Canada, the necessary transportation be provided at the expense of the public. 3. That where an ex-member of the forces has died owing to war disability, leaving a wife or children, and it is considered desirable that the family should be assisted to proceed to the original home of the wife, she or thej- be trans- ferred at the expense of the public. A limited number of persons have benefited under this recommendation, separate Orders in Council having been passed in each case. EXTRACTS AND PRECIS OF MEDICAL DOCUMESTS Considerable difficulty was experienced in securing medical information relative to the service and discharge of ex-members of the forces and it became necessary to maintain a staff in order to fulfil requests for medical information received from the Unit Directors of Administration, Medical Directors and District Vocational officers. During the year requests for medical documents have been filled as below : — January L'.Tfi^ February 2,319 March 2,234 April ,. 1,803 May 1,275 June 1,041 July 75S August 756 September 685 October ^ . 667 Xovember ' 789 December 812 Total 15,898 During the same period Precis of Medical Documents, compiled by the Board of Pension Commissioners, were forwarded to this office and indexed and filed according to the schedule given below : — ■ January- S.23S February , 3.504 March 3,360 April 3,145 May 2,661 June 1,480 July 1,13S August 872 September 666 October 856 Xovember ' 768 December 895 Total 27.583 This division operates a head office section which is responsible for the pay and allowances of ex-Canadians and ex-Imperials receiving treatment in United States Public Health Service hospitals through the Bureau of War Risk Insurance. The accounting formerly done in this division has been transferred to the control of the Supervisor of Expenditures. 106 nj:i'.\f!rMi:\T or soi.iuhus- mii. i{i:-i:sr\iii.isii\ii:\-r 11 GEORGE V. A. '.921 IlKAIl ('KKICK I'KUSONXKI. WD S.\I..Mill;s I'MIl The luinibcr of personnel employed li.v the ("liiet" liisiiei-tor's ISruiicli as iit. December !51, 1919, was 62, with a total nio-ithly salary of $4.91 -i..")?. On Deeeinbor :il. 192 PATii;.\T sti;i;n<;th monthly Numbir on sln-ngth December 31, 1919 — 7.777. Admissions Discharses Deaths .SlieiiKlh .lanuaiy S.iin 2.87S 112 s,297 Fi'bruarv i'.71!i 2,364 99 ti.afia March..' 2.4.'-|.". 2,9.5.^. 1 n.S 7,94r. Api-il 1.919 2,422 77 7,36.'; May 2. as:'. 2.7.'>l 104 6.890 .luiii' l.fiSl l,s,-,(! SI 6,634 .Tuly 1.674 2,1130 7S 6,200 August.. l.l-'l lt21 60 .-),867 September 1.1'>|' 1-194 r,4 .-..769 October l.'.2"> 1490 77 .'..727 November I.-^O-I '■••J- •'■'< *-131 December 1.620 1,247 73 6,431 Total 23. .-.91 23.9.-.f. 9S1 THK Fiil.l.oWIXi; TABLIO .SHnWS Till'; ADMISSIONS, DISCHAROKS, DKATHS AXl > TATllCXT STI:.Ni;TH MONTHI.Y OF INSANE Ailmissinns Diischarges Deaths StrenKlh ,Ianuary ' 14 3S 6 901 February 4.-. 1'. 1 930 .March 2.'. 29 2 924 April 22 20 4 922 Mav ■■>4 33 3 940 ,Iune V 2.-. .s 926 July .' 2'i 3S 2 915 August 21 10 3 926 September !•■' 20 3 ' 91S October 24 27 9 906 November 10 12 2 902 December 10 19 .. S93 Total 291 2Sfi 43 These flgure.s an- included in the table above. OENERAT. TREATMENT IN UNITED STATES Strensth .lanuary 31, 1920 — 79. Ailmissiot'S Discharse.s Deaths Strength February 14 7 3 S3 March 6.'; 18 4 126 April 44 22 4 144 May l.s 13 .'. 144 .lune 2S 39 4 129 July 41 34 4 132 August 3r, 2S .. 139 September 40 30 2 147 October ' 23 2J 3 146 November .">8 4 7 1S7 December S.'i S4 ."> 153 Total 4.";i 313 34 Insane patients on strength included in above totals. 2.S. AXyUAL REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 CEXKRAL TRKATMKNT IX BRITISH ISI^E^S Xumbir on f^trenffth October 31. 1920 — 315. Admissions Discharges Deatlis Strength Xovember .tS 53 2 318 December 4r. 4i; .. 31S Insane patients iiioluded in above totals. lt>. TOTAL ON STRENGTH DECEMBER 31, lai'n On strength in Canada 3,960 On strength in United States 15S On strength in British Isles 31S Total 6.431 CUilULATIVE TOTALS ToT.\i. Number of Ci-i.vtcal Treatments to Date — 573. 199, Total Number of Patients Tre.ated to D.ate — 109,14.">. Total, insane treated to date 1,505* Total tuberculosis treated to date 9,782 Totiil i|icurable treated to date 164 Totar vocational students treated to date 3,941 Total officers treated to date 2,29S Total nursing sisters treated to date 273 Total Strength in c^anad.v Dece.vieer 31, 1920 — 5,960. Ex -Canadians Bic-Imperials Ex-Newfoundlanders Ex-French : Ex-Belgians Ex- Australians Ex-Americans GEXERAL DIYISIOX The General l^ivi>i(_in cniiie into being- on the ">\!^t of August. 19:21). the followins: specific duties being alloeated to the Division at that time: transportation, industries, farms, Uiundries. The division is dividccl into throi' sections under which the principal worlv of the branch is done. GeXERAT. TuANSPORTATIOy This section, which has heeu in operation under the Chief Inspector's Branch, was taken over on the Slst of August, 1920. The following is a suininar.r of the work done for the year by the Transportation Section. From December. 1919, to December. 1!)20, 71,050 transportation warrants were issued. Bills presented with original copies of transportation warrants attached were paid to the railroad and steamship companies and involved an expenditure of • Exclusive of those treated hy the Military Hospitals Commiss 108 llKPARTMEST OF S()IJ>n:i{S- CIVIL RK-KSITABI.ISHMKST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 $531,745.57. On each warrant the mileage and exteasions, etc., were audited in thi« office befort- Ix-ing' paid. The distribution was as follows:— <':inadlan National Railway tl71,845 30 Canadian Pacific Railway 316,771 29 Sundry railways 43,12S 98 Total $531,745 67 DISTRIBUTION' OF E.XPENDITUKE FOR TRAKSPORTATIOX The expenditure of all units for transportation from December, 1919, to December, 1920. was distributed as follows: — A Vnit S 46,566 58 B Unit 56,394 OS C Unit 38,149 59 D Unit 81,204 24 F Unit 29,431 69 G Unit 39,026 93 H Unit 36,953 49 I Unit.. .. .* 50,990 64 J Unit 75,508 69 K Unit 28,532 35 I.. Unit 835 70 H.0 47,023 69 Bills receivable.. 1,127 90 Total $531,746 67 USUSED TICKETS Unused tickets amounting to ^,551.37 were returned to this otSce. These were submitted to the railroad companies for refund, and after cheque was received, were reeredited to the Unit that forwarded same. .^MOUNTS RECOVERED FROM ALLIED GOVERNMENTS The undermentioned amounts are charges incurred for transportation of soldiers of various Allied Governments. These charges are now recovered or are being collected from the following: — Imperial Government $3.590 07 Newfoundland Goverranent 336 53 Australian Government 1,913 11 U. S. A. Government 136 49 Militia and Defence 17 95 Total $5,994 15 OVERCHARGE ON TRANSPORTATION WARRANTS Several accoimts were forwarded to this ofiBce for collection with an overcharge, either in mileage or extension. These were returned to the railroad company and deductions made in this way amounted to approximately i^SOO. MISSDSED TR.VXSPOETATION The amotmt of $607.93 was collected and credited to different warrants which had been changed to various points in Canada. OirTST.i^NDrS'G ACCOUNTS There are still outstanding approximately 30,000 transportation warrants that were issued in the past year. Bills covering charges on these have not, a£ yet, been presented by the railroad companies for payment. A large percentage of these warrants are for transportation over the Canadian Xational Railway. .iyXUAL REPORT 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 FREIGHT WARIU-S'TS The total charges on freight warrant*. (Form 271) paid during the past year were of $113,119.79, as per the following: distribution: — Canadian National Railway ^^t'l?^ on Canadian Pacific Railway h'tJ, o? Canadian Express <»-'= = " W Dominion Express . . "'coo 3. Canadian National Express Il,58i2' 46 Sundries 3.414 4» Total $113,119 79 Each item on these freight warrants was classiiied and rates checked according to the official freight and express tariff. From December, 1919, to December, 1920, S,600 freig'ht warranrts were issued. Errors in freight accouTits amounted to approximately $50, and were returned to their respective companies for correction. niSTEIBUTION OF KXPEXDITrUF, FOU FREIGHT The expenditure of all Units for freight from December. 1919. to December, 192sc(iiu'nt to the :!l.st nf Au}ni>t. 1!I20, for tlip purpose of consolidating incoming returns. Tlie followinf;' is a list of ihities as earriwl out by that section :— Weekly. — Due from. — K<^turn of loans by I'nits for Current Week ami Cliief, Loans Division cumulative totals to date. Keturn of Local and H.O. sales by Units fin- Cliief, Pun-liasinf? Division current week and cumulative totals to date. Iti'turii of Head Oifiee and I'nit purchases for Chief. I'urchasin^ Division current week and cumulative totals to date. Ueturn of Stores listed for disjxisal by Units for Chief. Stores Division current week and cumulative totals to date. Return of Oondemnation Board Disposal sbowinj;- Chief, Stores Division cumulative totals. Recapitulation of the above returns are made, statistical statements being com- piled therefrom, for the Director of Aditiini.stration, s'iving the following information : — ll>('/,-Z.v.— Statistical data regarding oiK'raticjns in Loans Division. Purchases by branches, including total number of t(?nders called for. Head Office and Local Sales, showing cost, appraised and sales value including sales requisitions received and pending sale. Hear Office and Unit Stores, listed for Disposal, showing cost and appraised values. Condemnation Board Disposals, showing cost of articles, sales price, difference charged to Head Office and i)orcentag(> of ast year, has carried on all corresix>ndeuce with the Public Works Department relative to acquiring or vacating accommodation, together with outlining and inspecting major construction work being carried out by the Public Works Department for this department. Maintenance of institutions in the way of repairs and minor extensions have been undertaken, together with the appointment and supervision of General Service staff, comprising engineers, firemen and coal trimmers. By arrangemenit with the Department of Public Works the future mainteuanc- of institutions of thi.s department will, after March 31, 1921, be vested in that depart- ment with the exception of emergency and minor i-epair.s, which will be continued by this department, a general service stall, consisting of carpenters, plumbers and electri- cians being placed on the staff of the institutions. To make this arrangement effective the Engineering Branch will gradually complete the personnel required and effect a reduction in the amount of work being carried out on work orders, referring all work of a major nature to the Department of Public Works. During tlie past y<>ar 2,007 work orders, amounting to $447,087.15. were authorized and the work outlined in same will be completed by end of the present fiscjil year. Certain construction work has been undertaken jointly by this department and thi provinces of Alberta ajid Quebec. Plans and si>eeificaitions were prepared by the Engineering Branch, and the work svipervised by a departmental representative acting for both parties. The number of premises under lease at January 1, 1920 was 136 with a yearly rental of $370,046.80. This number has been reduced to 96 at December 31, 1920. ■with reduction in rental to $272,532.99 or a net reduction of $97,513. 81. Insurance has been carried on considerable pi-operty under lease, due to stipulation that same be carried by lessee. It hae been found expedient to insure certain institu- tions held jointly by the departmc.it and other bodies. 112 nErunMEsr or sui.nn'.us- < ivii. !:i:-HsTAi!r.isn\ii:\r 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 This branch lias certitit>d all accouiils in rc-spoct of eiigineeriiig operation.-, codin? the same for the Aecountiii? Brajich, and has prepared statement* for the issue of <'hoiiucs by that branch. Durinjr the past year the Eng^ineering Branch has handled 9.060 accounts. All requisitions pertaining to e.ngine-erinp fixtures originate in this branch, and in the case of coal, siiecifications are prepared and deliveries sampled; 48,704 tons of 'Oal were requisitioned for during 1920 for the winter of 1920-21. A close inspection is maintained by officers of the branch relative to fire protection in the department institutions; and it is gratifying to note the small percentage of loss caused by fire during the vear. ■ ACCOUNTS .VXD AUDIT BRANCSH The Accounts and Audit Branch taki^s charge of all authorized expenditures and lias eontrol of all accounting in all branches and divisions of the department. Thi.s work embraces all the details of accounting of allowances ]>aid to, or on behalf of. all ex-members of ifhe forces, and includes the accounting of all phases of the work done in eouiiection with treatment, training and service, and the preparation of cost, administrative, and financial statements and statistical records covering all classes of this work. It will readily be set^n, therefore, "that an enormous amount of detail work in connection with problems arising from these activities is handled by this liranch. The main phases of the -work may be defined as follows : — 1. The supervision of all Departmental expendltuvos and receipts. 2. The disbursement aud receipt of money. ". The accounting and classification of all expenditure-; and receipts. 4. The auditing of all expenditures and receipts. To deal with this phase of the problem, the functions of the branch have developed along the following lines : — 1. The revision, improvement and operation of an extensive and widespread accounting system covering problems of procedure and practice, together with the creation of an auditing system which makes an administrative check on the entire work on the branch. The functions and results obtained from the work of this latter division of fthe branch will be reported on as a separate activity. 2. The preparation and examination of all vouchers supporting cash expenditures and receipts. 3. The payment of all expenditure vouchers b.v means of letter of credit cheques issued on the Bank of ifontreal. 4. The recording and accounting of these pa.vments and other transactions as they occur at the imits and at Head Office. 5. The collection receipt deposit and recording of all incoming monies and ftuid< derived from the various activities of the department to the credit of the Receiver (ieneral. 6. The preparation and compilation of accurate and appropriate cost and financial statements and reports showing, both in detail and in a summarized form, all expenditures and receipts. 7. The preparation of estimates of expenditures for sulwnission to Parliament. 8. The payment and accounting of expenditures incurred in respect of all ox- niembers of the forces on behalf of Imperial and foreign Governments in aceordanci- with reciprocal arrangements made with the rarious Governments concerned. 9. The advising, recommending and application of particular methods or systems of dealing with expenditures and the proi>er accounting thereof. AXNVAL REPORT 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 It will give some idea of what has been accomplished in this respect when the following details, figures and facts are considered: — Departmental expenditures are classified into 295 different aceoutnt*. each and all of which, may be applicable to the 600 institutions, offices or hospitals operated by, or rendering service to the Department. In addition to this, detailed records are kept of 11,000 real and perscaal accounts. At the time when the department was running at its peak load last March, ledger accounts were open covering the 9,000 members of the staff, the 26,000 students under- going vocational training, and the 7,000 patients receiving treatment in hoepitals and other institutions. While these figures have been largely reduced at the time of submission of this report, nevertheless, the gi-eat work involved in handling these activities took place this year. The statement show^^ below will enable one to visualize the activities of this branch at a glance. This statement shows the work handled in the thi'ee months, April, 1919, March, 1920, when the peak was reached, and September, 1920, when the department was running along more normal lines. The number of adjustments and monthly transfers involved in this large monthly amount of detail can readil.v be seen to require constant supervision and care so that the highest degree of efiiciency and accuracy may be attained. / April. I9I9. March, 1920. September, 1920 Xumber of staff Total salaries paid Number of patients Treatment pay and allowances.. Number of students Vocational pay and allowances.. Expenditure for general accounts Total number of cheques issued. Refunds of expenditure 3,891 S361.036 00 5,643 $329,265.30 6,096 .9377,131.48 $378,980.09 34,744 «37,445.57 9,035 $890,767-25 6,860 $740,811.12 25,673 $2,709,698.06 S2. 057. 809. 86 147.582 $178,160.10 6,628 $686,171.14 4,756 $247,419.46 8,290 $866,089.17 $1,213,865.54 58,014 S209.513.17 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE WORK The general fiscal problem of the department has been accentuated, during the past fifteen months, by the rapid demobilization of the Canadian Expeditionary Force and the immigration of discharged soldiers from other countries, more particu- larl.v from Great Britain. The routine work of the department was greatly increased at the very time when the Accounts Branch was building up an organization and defining the system to meet its new responsibilities. It was necessary to train a staff not only in their routine duties but to enable them to meet those personal situations which arose from dealing with ex-members of the forces in a state of anxiety or unrest. Much responsibility, therefore was left to the direction of the individual officers stationed in the Units, who were responsible for carrying out the jwlicy of the department as laid down by Act of Parliament or Order in Council. Payments to patients, students and members of the staff required promptness of action and involved dealing with a large number of more or less fixed payments and amounts. The heaviest portion of this work was covered during the last eighteen months. It was complicated by continual changes, by the ebb and flow of patients and students being taken on or discharged from the strength of the department, by a continuous call for investigation, adjustment and correction of amounts due to these individuals. Men and their dependents viewing things solel.v from their personal need or circumstances, made much demand on the judgment and discretion of the account- 114 DEPARTMKyT OF HO LIU Fits' CIVIL RE-KHTABLlSHilBNT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 iiig staff 0011011? in daily contMct with them, who had to conform to necessary restrictive regulations, designed without prejudice to the men, to protect the interests of the Department and to safeguard the public funds, for -which they were responsible. Expenditures are not authorized by the Accounts and Audit Branch, but the examination and investigation of all details consequent upon the authority of these payments, is the main work of this branch. It is necessary to meet both creditors and beneficiaries whose accounts were either in question or in process of adjustment, that prompt payment of outstanding accounts could be met. The rapid progress towards a complete and smooth-running organization, issuing in promptness and efficiency, has justified the procedure and practice adopted, by the results which have been obtained. MECITANIS5I OF THE BRANCH The actual organization and machinery provided to deal with the general problem and its varying phases comprises a Unit accounting staff under the authority of a Unit Accountant, located in each of the principal cities of the Dominion. The accountant is required to examine the authority and pass upon expenditure vouchers, and, on the voucher being certified by the Unit Auditor, to pay the sum out of the funds entrusted to him for this purpose. The Accountant is responsible, tlirough the Unit Director, to the Supervisor of Expenditures. An audit staff, being a distinct and separate organization, responsible direct to Head Ofiice, is also established at all Units. The duties and responsibilities of this section of the work are outlined in another portion of this report. All vouchers submitted by creditors of the department are checked and certified by the officer who first authorized the expenditure. In the case of invoices for goods and materials purchased, the vouchers are first dealt with by the Purchasing Division then by the Accounting Division, where all vouchers are checked, classified and analyzed in accordance with the nature of the charge of service rendered; a record of the amount due to the creditor is kept in accordance with established commercial principles. Prior to payment all vouchers are properly distributed on the original book of account called an "Invoice Eegister." All vouchers are then audited and paid by means of cheque drawn on the Unit letter of credit, which letter of credit is established in the Bank of Montreal at Ottawa. Staff pay lists and pay lists supporting payments to patients and students on the strength of the Department, are maintained by the Accounting Division and dealt with in a similar manner to that just described. Pay rolls and invoice registers are trans- mitted to Head Office in the same manner as registers covering vendors* accounts which are incorporated in the accounting records of the department. A daily return of all cheques issued by the Units is made to Head Office for trans- mission to the Finance Department, and a monthly distribution of the amounts chargeable to the various appropriations granted by Parliament is prepared and rendered to Head Office for submission to the Auditor General of Canada. The Unit Accountant is responsible for the deposit of aU moneys received by him which are derived from the sale of supplies, the recovery of overpayments, proceeds from the sale of manufactured articles and refunds of every description. Vouchers are prepared supporting such refunds to the department and a deposit made daily of moneys collected, to the credit of the Keceiver General of Canada. Remittance drafts and supporting vouchers are forwarded daily to Head Office. The Unit Accountant is also responsible for maintaining detailed stores accounting records by institutions, ledger cards or sheets, based upon commodity reports, and completed vouchers forwarded by the Unit storekeeper. Stores ledgers are kept for every class of goods handled, which ledgers are maintained in the Unit accounting office. Monthly reports, in terms of money, showing the balance of the stores on hand and the value ANNUAL REPORT 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 of the goods received and consumed, are rendered to Head Office. Journal vouchers covering all transactions affecting stores, transfers between Units and consumption or expenditure of commodities, are itemized and forwarded to Head Office at the time these transactions take place. Other details come under the administration of the Unit Accountant covering the general routine involved in handling a lai^e variety of classified expenditures and revenue. The work of the Audit Branch, which is detailed later, covers all such activities, and authority is necessary before payments or entries are actually made. THE FUNXTIOXS OF HE.U3 OFFICE At Head Office, a part of the Accounts and Audit Division performs duties similar to those being performed by the Unit accounting and auditing staffs, such as the examination and preparation of expenditure vouchers, the payment of these vouchers and the accounting of the expenditure involved. These expenditures are made for, and on behalf, of every Unit of the Dominion. In addition. Head Office makes payment of all foreign accounts, i.e., expenditures incurred outside of Canada. All pay and allowances to patients in the United States are dealt with by Head Office, as well as the disbursements involved in the care, treatment, maintenance, etc., of both Canadian and Imperial ex-soldiers in that country. Since the 1st of January, 1920, there have also been maintained and dealt with in this office, all war service gratuity accounts, numbering 2,700, transferred by the . Department of Militia and Defence, on account of men discharged by that department to the strength of this department. The distinctive feature of the department's system of accounting is the method of transcribing and compiling details and figures reported by the Units to Head Office. Hollerith cards specially designed to embody the accounting information shown on the various documents of original entry, i.e., invoice register, refund voucher and journal, are punched in the Statistical Division of the branch at Head Office, according to the standing order number and institution code number to be debited or credited. The cards are balanced at intervals and the resulting statement is the same as a trial balance of ledgers and books of original entry in an ordinary commercial undertaking, the operation of punching these cards being equivalent to the making of a journal or other entry in the books of original record. Instead of posting these items to a ledger, the cardls are automatically sorted, in a machine called the " Sorter," into institutions or offices and standing order, or whatever numbers are required, and the totals chargeable to each institutioa and standing order numbers corresponding thereto are summarized in another machine called the '• Tabulator." These two operations are equivalent to those of posting the ledger, footing the debit and credit columns, and taking off the balances of the ledger accounts. The use of this system and the mechanical means of compiling and obtaining information saves a vast amount of detailed book-keeping, with consequent reduction of staff necessary to handle same. From the Hollerith cards aU kinds of book-keeping and accounting cost facts may be obtained. Permanent records are kept of the analyzed and summarized details taken off the tabulating machine. A section of the Head Office staff compiles summaries, as well as detailed state- ments of expenditures and receipts. In addition, this section prepares cost statements for the medical care of patients, the cost of training students, the cost of operating hospitals and other institutions by the department, and other cost reports of all sections of the work, for submission to the executive of the department. It is from the Department of Finance, on authority of the Auditor General, that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment obtains its letter of credit advances with which to make all payments of expenditure vouchers. In accordance 14— Si 116 nKl'ARTMEXT OF SOLniER.s' CIVIL RE-ESTABUSBilEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 witli the requirements of the fiscal system of the Dominion, daily detailed statements of expenditure, and monthl.y recapitulations, both of revenues and disbursements, by appropriations, are compiled and submitted to the Department of Finance and the Auditor General. The Accounting Division of the department must, therefore, work in close harmony and co-operation with both of these departments. In June, 1919, a Supervisor of Expenditures was appointed to organize this branch of the work, and to co-ordinate and centralize the various accounting activities of the department. The rapid growth of the work undertaken by the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, following the jjeiieral plan of operations inau- gurated by the ifilitary Hospitals Commission, made it imperative to centralize the control of the accounting: work and to develop better supervision over the Units. The rapid expansion, due to the taking- over of the administration of hospitals of the Militia and Defence Department, the necessity of providing instant accommo- dation for the rapidly transferred disability cases from overseas, and the great effort that was being made to provide vocational training for those who wished to take advantage of the provisions made by the Ciovernmcnt, created considerable responsi- bility at the various Units throughout the Dominion. As the organization developed, regulations of a more or less standardized form were laid down giving Head Office a better knowledge of the work in the Units and a more detailed insight into results achieved. In the work of this particular branch, which covered a large variety of technical problems in accountancy, it was necessary to train a staff to handle the work competently, which problem was all the more difficult because much of the work was of an entirely novel nature, and had not come within the business or technical experience of those who were asked to perform it. REORGANIZATION — AIDIT BRANCH The original accounting system covering the expenditures of the Military Hospitals Commission was sound in principle, but, in view of the largely increased expenditure, it was necessary that a more direct control should be established both over the work involved and over the staff administering it. Xo system of administra- tive check or audit had been formed, but at the close of 1919 the formation of an Audit Division was discussed and an Audit Branch formed as a distinct and separate organ- ization whose sole duty was to verify and check all expenditures and receipts in the Units and at Head Office. The expenditures of the department were of such an intricate nature, and of such amounts, that a closer supervision and scrutiny of disbursements and receipts was decided upon. Independent financial reports from officers not interested directly in the spending or accounting of departmental funds was, therefore, looked upon as the best means to safeguard the administration of the money voted by Parliament. In so large a department situations continually developed which involved investigations, and reports by officers whose independence of local environment and conditions made findings more valuable from an administra- tive point of view. A Chief Auditor is stationed in Head Office, responsible to the Supervisor of Expenditures. A Unit Auditor and necessary staff is stationed in each Unit These auditors are considered in the light of Head Office officials, thus giving them an independence not otherwise obtainable. The diities of the Audit Division may briefi.v be outlined as follows: — 1. The pre-audit of expenditure vouchers such as vendors'' invoices, accounts for services rendered, travelling expense claims, petty cash and other items before their payment out of letter of credit or contingency accounts. 2. The verification and audit of all pay-list^, pay and allowance ledger accounts, both of students undergoing training and of patients undergoing treatment; and of all salary and bonus pay-lists and accounts of members of the staff. AyyVAL REPORT 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 3. The checking- and verification of all invoice registers and distribution of expenditure shown thereon. 4. Verification and audit of all petty cash, contingency funds or imprest accounts administered in each Unit. 5. The verification and audit of all loan accounts authorized under P.O. 2323, 1919. 6. The verification of all accounts with creditors of the department, and the audit of their monthly statements before payment. 7. The audit of the disbursements and pay-lists of the Orthopaedic and Surgical Appliances Branch, and the verification of the factory journal and ledger. 8. The verification and audit at the source of all receipts and refund vouchers and returns of those made to Head Office. 9. Independent test inventories and the supervision of the methods of store- keeping and stores accounting in each Unit. 10. The revision and audit of all journal vouchers for transmission to Head Office. 11. Such special investigation or reports made under instructions from th.' Supervisor of Expenditures. At the close of each month the Unit Auditor renders to Head Office a summarized reixirt of the activities of the accounting and auditing staffs, of the volume of the work dealt with and the nature of any changes or improvements which have taken place. Detailed summaries of the various expenditures occurring in the Unit are reported on. Recommendations ■'oimd advisable are made on the methods of account- ing in force in each Unit, and j> summary of the work covered by the auditor and his staff is also given. The attention of Head OiHce is called to such items of expenditure or procedure which the Unit Auditor considers worthy of special reference, and a valuable help to the administrative work of the various heads of the branches, whose attention is drawn to these reports, is thereby obtained. Travelling auditors are detailed to make special investigations of the books, records and accounts of institutions not operated by the department, but which render services to it on a cost basis, by receiving for treatment men on the strength of the department. Detailed reports of the accuracy of the methods adopted and of the charges made are thus obtained so that before payments of maintenance account?, the department is in a iwsition to know if it is getting the best return for its expendi- ture, and that the charges of these institutions are in accordance with the agreements made with the department and are just and regular. VOC.VTIOXAL AND TREATMENT PAY AND ALLOWANCES , . All vocational pay and allowance ledger accounts throughout the entire depart- ment have been carefully audited. In each case the Unit Auditor has examined the Head Office authority (Form 34 and amendments thereto), without which no account can be opened or any payments made. Attendance records have been tested from time to time, calculations and extensions verified, duplicate copies of cheques issued compared with the ledger accounts and pay rolls certified correct. Accounts for ex- memibers of the Allied forces are specially notated, kept in separate sections of the ledgers, and all payments made thereon correctly charged to the. respective Govern- ments concerned. All treatment pay and allowance ledger accounts have been fully audited, being checked against daily orders. Calculations and extensions have been verified, dupli- cate copy of cheques compared with ledger accounts, clothing issues carefully checked each month direct from spread sheets to ledgers and pay-rolls certified correct. 118 DKPARTUKNT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHMENT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 STAFF SAI-ARIES AND COST OF Ln'rXG BONUS Stiiff pay aocouiite at Head Office and in all Units have been fully audited to date, the authority (Forms 119 and 119a) supporting each account having in all cases been examined. Calculations and extensions have been checked, pay-rolls certified correct and duplicate copy of cheques issued compared with ledger accounts. All payments covering cost of living bonus have been compared with author- ization hy the assistant secretary embodied in form 106 and accoimts and pay-rolls in connection therewith verified and certified correct. WAR SER^aCE GRATUITY ACCOUNTS All war service gratuity accounts are kept at Head Office and have been fully audited from the very beginning and kept in balance with the control accounts (S.O. No. 16 & 16a). Cheques received from the Department of Militia and Defence have been accounted for by an examination of deposit receipts showing that all such funds have been deposited to credit of the Receiver General. The authority for payments made out of this account has in all cases been produced and examined by the Audit Division. Interest calculations have been verified and original cheques in all cases are examined before despatch to payee. Pay-rolls, also, have been checked and certified correct These accounts are very carefully and accurately kept and regularly balanced with the control accovmt. The work of this division is entirely done at Head Office. GENERAL AND VENDORS' ACCOUNTS. General and vendors' accounts have received careful audit at Head Office and Units. All invoices from vendors have been carefully compared with copy of purchase orders and receiving slips and cash discounts, where allowed, have been deducted. Accounts not supported by purchase order and receiving slips have been certified to by the head of the branch concerned. VOCATIONAL LOANS All vocational loans made under P.C. 2329 have been carefully audited and are in all cases supported by Head Office authority which has been seen. Regulations and Instructions, Chapter VI, Section XIU, Clause 7 (d) have been complied with. HOSPITAL ACCOUNTS Outside hospital accounts, in addition to being certified to by the Unit Medical Director, have been checked against daily orders and the rates charged verified with the institutional agreements. TELEPHONE ACCOUNTS A satisfactory check is kept of all long distance calls and any charges of a personal nature are promptly collected. TELEGRAPH ACCOUNTS Telegraph accounts have been properly certified by head of branch concerned and all messages of a personal nature collected. POSTAGE ACCOUNTS Postage records are kept in all Units, and all expenditure on this account is accounted for in detail and regularly audited. ANNUAL REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 INVOICE REGISTERS All invoice registers througliout the entire department have been audited during the year and summaries, recapitulations and standing order numbers verified. CASH ADVANCES AND PETTY CASH FUNDS Cash advances made out of Head Office and Unit letter of credit accounts have been carefully audited, being in each and every case supported by Head Office authority. Petty cash funds in all units are regularly audited each month and are, without exception, now being carefully handled. RECEIPTS AND REFUNDS Eeceipts and refunds have been fully audited each month by unit auditors at source of origin and the deposit of such funds to credit of the Receiver General verified by examinations of forms 81 and bank receipts covering same. Irregularities discovered during course of audit are immediately reported to Ottawa for action. Ward occupational receipts have been fully audited in all institutions where such work is carried on. SPECUL INVESTIGATIONS Since the Audit Division was organized in January, 1920, special investigations have been conducted at the following outside institutions for the purpose of ascertaining the cost of maintenance of patients on a per capita basis: Qu'Appelle Sanatorium; Lake Edward Sanatorium; Mountain Sanatorium; Kentville Sanatorium; Nova Scotia Tech- nical School; Calgary General Hospital; Royal Jubilee Hospital. At Head Oifice, Ottawa, and also in " G " Unit, all accounts including pay and allowances under P.C. 387, and stail pay accounts are fully and carefully audited and original cheques examined before distribution or delivery to payee. In all other Units, pay and allowance accounts and staff pay accounts are not fully audited until after actual payment has been made, and then duplicate copy of cheques only is examined, but it is expected that very shortly a full pre-audit can be made wdthout causing delay either in delivery of cheques to payees or despatch of pay rolls, invoice registers and other returns to Head Office. The main results of the past fifteen months may briefly be summarized as follows : — (1) A prompt and accurate system of returns from the Units to Head Office has been developed. Delays in obtaining information have been removed and a condensa- tion of details has taken place to provide an adequate survey of the work accomplished. (2) Financial statements and returns have been re-drawn so as to show with gi'eater force the relation of expenditures to the work of the department. (3) A better analysis of information and accuracy has been produced with less staff and in a shorter period after the completion of transactions. (4) A better control and a better knowledge as to the cost and financial condition of the department's operations has resulted. (5) A more uniform and direct system of stail administration has been developed. (6) The procedure and practice laid down for the accounting work has been so altered and improved that its functions are now being rendered automatically. A closer financial and accounting relation has been established with various hospi- tals and sanatoria who treat or maintain patients on behalf of this department. This has led to comparative statements, both as regards institutions and provinces, which adds to the facilities of administration. The present method of paying accounts in the Units instead of Head Office insti- tuted at the beginning of the present fiscal year, April 1, 1920, in conjunction with the 120 DEPAIfTSfEyr OF fOLDIERf;- flTTL I{F-Ef!TABr.If!niIEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 formation of the Audit Division, has made possible a closer supcr\'ision over the authorization of pay and allowances, thus obviating the possibility of overpayment?. The system of accounting for cash receipts has been simplified and co-ordinated with other branches, prompt statements of refunds and returns to the Auditor General have been made on a much larger and more detailed scale without additional staff. During the year means were provided to deal with the transfer of over 2,700 war service gratuity accounts from the Department of Militia and Defence, and to take care of large amounts appended and involved in maintaining and rendering services to ex-members of the Imperial forces, both in Canada and the United States of America. That section of the Accounting Division dealing with recoverable accounts and responsible for the collection of accounts rendered or outstanding amounts due the department, is now a very imiwrtant unit in the organization. All charges for main- tenance, treatment or services rendered t-o ex-members of the Allied forces go through this section and it is necessary to examine detailed statements showing the individual's regimental number, his former military or naval unit, his rank, dependents and address, the nature of the service or treatment rendered, and the institution or organi- zation from whom he received help. The original accounts are verified as to authority and paid to the institutions submitting them, either in Canada or in the United States, before repayment is received from the Allied Government under obligation. Over $1,000,000 has been collected this way. and accounts receivable totalling upwards of $500,000 are outstanding for which payment is expected in the near future. A tri-monthly system of telegraphic reports of expenditures from every disbursing office of the department has been established. This provides an exact summary of the financial activities of the department to date, and shows how the appropriations are being expended week by week. Items of abnormal expenditure are reported on individ- ually. The attached statements give a clear summary of the financial work of the depart- ment, at the 31st •December, 1920. ANNUAL REPORT 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 og 330 s2^ SH Sod -JO co si «or- Oi -^ CO Tj* o S5 rocs i i •3 ja B o g OS so so CO o s C3 oit^r i sOO(m' s |g2 CO r- «oo" tor* cooo" 1 c < 1 i ■3 M fi o '1 1 ■ i .11 1 c 1 1 s c e C a ^^ c o's ■■Si O 1 C £ t 1 a: J i O 1 1 1 : c p: < 1 1 i b c L 1 ■5 I 1 > 1 c 1 i DEPA.RTMEST OF SOLDIERS- CIVIL IIK-ESTABLISBMEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 S 5 S2SSS SSSS ?i3 5 S S: 5 u ? i ■S -fc^SaSo nAHic So f § II f i > 1—' Of, - o g SoS 5 z < — -» — SDTOOi -^ =5 n •z 0 1 § SSS2S R5 O O-** a>« I g 11 n- c^ 1 oc r- g s^ssss ?s: 3 g^ s S3 s g ll o t-oor^ost^ »fl ^ 'fC — o-ccow— o" O l^t' lO .-T- ^ 1^ *» t- -ros^t^M as ■^ « > o tsS. — ' ■* i^ "~ '^ Q 03 S CO P3Caif3«00 irtt-iC-^ <> _, n B ■g O ^c£ r* 03 *.1 a>— 'MOS30 — C>10SC1 c M '»C^ > u-s «N".j4U5t- ooooto r* *o *o -a O ttJr^-^jTiCO OQ0W5»C - C4 i^"o< oo < s s^ S g Ir-T -T^^COCi (N s' o o ^ =£ o o o O o O o c o o oo o o o o 0 t- IM C3 o oo o o o o O Oi-I o o *c L-5 !l>iS ic o»c o -^ "V ■2-32 "2 S2 O —CO O U5 ■•£ eo «« 1^ i^ro K S 3 s •-T .-T >'^ o °S ** oar- la ■* M M M ■2 's c^ =»t^ oo t- Oi N M g-ri CD CD lO «s lO CO«5 M C] CO o> Q 1 •P c^j oo M GO CO ■» r- S-3§ — O— iM^iO*^ O 00 U5 ro — CO r^oc o> «» O I>.OC'IQ0— O^MO u Cb COM" 00 00 ■» o «3 (4 o ; ^ '. 6 ^ : oc t. . 0) s B a ^ Q ip 'c ; > § ■3 z - c 'sli§£ : *3 a S "o |i 11 a u Pi oS p i 3.S-5 1 1 s 2 c '> « c ■^ c II 1 [ a < B a! >, 6 is s B = = c > 'Z c 1 •5: i i •o < 1 c 1 •o li bU §"0 1 > < p2 B « g g-g sr: H > «cc > > E- c p. s ^ AXXUAL REPORT 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 EECIPEOCAL AERANGEME^STTS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES The reciprocal agreements which have been entered into between the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment and similar departments of other Governments, have been referred to elsewhere in this report under sections dealing with branch activities, notably the Medical, Dental, Accounting and Administrative Branches. These agreements embody the following details: — (1) Arrangements in Canada carried out by -the department: (a) Treatment and training of former members of the Imperial forces who were resident in Canada on the 4th August, 1914. (Z>) Treatment of former members of the Imperial forces who were not resident in Canada prior to the war. ' (c) Payment of allowances at Canadian rates to former members of tbe Imperial forces who were residents of Canada on the 4tli August, 1914, and who are undergoing treatment or training and payment of allowances at British rates to those who were not so resident. (d) Treatment of former members of the forces of United States of America resident in Canada.' (e) Treatment of former members of the Newfoundland forces resident in Canada. (/) Treatment of former members of the French forces resident in Canada. ig) Treatment of former members of the Belgian forces resident in Canada. (h) Treatment of former members of the New Zealand forces resident in Canada. (i) Payment of allowances at Canadian rates to former members of the New Zealand forces, (i) Supply and maintenance of artificial limbs and other prosthetic appliatbces to former members of Imperial and other forces. (2) Arrangements in Great Britain carried out by the Ministry of Pensions and the Ministry of Labour: — (a) Treatment and training of former members of the Canadian forces resident in the United Kingdom. (6) Payment of allowances at British rates to former members of the Canadian forces while 'undergoing treatment or training. (3) Arrangements in the United States of America carried out by the Bureau of War Risk Insurance; — (a) Treatment of former members of the Canadian forces resident in the United States, (fc) Treatment of former members of the Imperial forces resident in the United States. ' (c) Examination of former members of the Canadian forces and pre-war residents of the British forces resident in the United States who make application for vocational training. (4) Former members of the Canadian forces resident in Ne-svfoundland, France. Belgium or New Zealand also are granted treatment for war disabilities in those countries by the respective Governments at the expense of the department. In the case of New Zealand allowances at the New Zealand rates are payable during treat- ment. Training may also be given in that country and New Zealanders may be trained in Canada. (5) The arrangement with the British Government provides that the Ministry of Pensions will normally accept the finding of a medical board of the department as to the eligibility of a former member of the Imperial forces for treatment or training, based on his war disability. 124 DEPAirniEXT OF SOLDIEHS' CIVIL RE-KST.iHr.lSH UEST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 (6) The actual out-of-pocket costs incurred by the Government giving the treat- ment or training are reimbursed by the (iloveniment on whose behalf such treatment or training is given. (7) Arrangements have been made with the Colonial Office of the British Goveni- ment for treatment to be given to 'former members of the Canadian forces requiring the same for a war disability who are resident in South Africa or any of the Crowai colonies. In these cases, British rates are payable. .\DMI.NISTKATION" IN Till; IMTKll STATES OF TllK BKNKFITS AVAII-AUI.K TO TIIK MEMBERS OK THE CANADUN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE. The Parliamentary Committee on Pensions and Re-establishmeiit at the last session of Parliament received certain suggestions from and on behalf of former members of the forces resident in the United States. The report of the committee contains the following: — Suggestions (1) That the committee consider, where in great centres like Chicago, New York and Boston there is a great number of Canadians, a representative of the Dominion Government should be appointed to consider such questions as re-establishment and to give advice on laud settlement. (2) That the allowances of patients undergoing treatment in the United States be issued with less delay by the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re- establishment. (3) That disabled ex-members of the Canadian forces, resident in the United States, be provided with vocational training in that country at the expense of the Canadian Government. Eecoinmend^tions (1) That the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment be asked to investigate the situation in the centres indicated, and at any other points which may appear to be necessary, with a view to ascertaining the extent of the problem and to making such recommendations to the Government as may be deemed advisable. (2) It is understood that a rearrangement has been made between the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment and the Bureau of War Risk Insurance at Washington, whereby the delay referred to will be largely elimi- nated. (3) It is not considered desirable to make any change in the present procedure,, whereb.y an ex-member of the Canadian forces, resident in the United States, is required to come to Canada for retraining. In order to ascertain the situation and to report thereon, the assistant deputy minister visited some of the principal centres in the United States and discussed the problems referred to with representatives of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, the American Red Cross, Veterans' organizations. Patriotic and Relief Committees and British Consulates. It was ascertained that the principal ground for criticism among the men under- going treatment was dela.y in issuing pay and allowances, which delay was caused through difficulty in obtaining the necessary documents by which eligibility might be determined. It was arranged, in order to meet this difficulty, that the Bureau of War Risk Insurance, which had already instructed its representatives that all the ' ANKUAL REPORT 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 facilities at the disposal of former members of the United States forces should be also at the disposal of former members of the Canadian and British forces, should issue ■A circular letter, calling for greater expedition in the compilation and issue of documents and for a daily telegraphic report of admissions to, and discharges from hospital. An inquiry was also made into the general question of relief and it was found that there are various organizations in the United States which have done magnificent work during the war and the immediate post-war period. The American Eed Cross also indicated its willingness to extend its activities for the benefit of former members of the Canadian and British forces, through the Department of Civilian Eelief. Up to that date, while many of the chapters of the American Red Cross had rendered splendid service, others had confined their activities to former members of the United States forces. The Director of Civilian Eelief has issued a circular to the various chapters especially requesting that all the facilities of the Bed Cross should be placed at the disposal of former members of the Canadian and British forces equally with former members of the United States forces. Very great assistance has been given throughout by British Consuls-General and Consuls in the various cities of the United States and a great deal of valuable and gratuitous service has been rendered. In order that former members of the forces in the United States may be aware of the facilities which have been provided by the Government of Canada a handbook of information has been issued by the department dealing briefly with such matters as medical treatment, vocational training, provision of artificial limbs and other appliances, allowances while undergoing treatment, death and funeral expenses, pensions, soldier settlement, war service gratuity, war records, medals, buttons, etc., service rendered by the American Red Cross and addresses of United States Public Health Service District Supervisors, through whom medical treatment is furnished under the control of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance. 20,000 copies of this handbook have been printed and are being distributed through the following channels : British Consuls, Red Cross, Bureau of War Risk Insurance, posts of the American Legion, British, Canadian and other Veterans' Associations, individual pensioners, men undergoing treatment, Canadian Clubs, Canadian banks, medical superintendents of hospitals, and others. SOLDIERS' COMFORTS BRANCH. Since the beginning of this undertaking in 1915, when the first sick and wounded soldiers returned to Canada, the work has grown and increased in scope and activity according to the needs of the men and the circumstances surrounding their individual disability, either in hospital or institution. The past year has been a particularly active one, owing in part to the transfer of institutions from the Department of ifilitia and Defence to the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, as well as the closing and opening of several of the department's own hospitals. This entailed safeguarding the donation furniture under the direction of this branch and the careful listing and refiling of each article, large or small, with its approximate value. Furnishings. — As fast as the patients were transferred from one hospital to another, available spaces in the new institutions were filled with comfortable furniture and appropriate furnishings, such as, sofas; easy chairs; tables of various kinds; 126 DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISBUEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 pianos; gramophones and records; billiard .tables with equipment; writing desks; book-cases and books; curtains; rugs; buffets; screens; jardiniere stands, etc., with verandah and deck chairs; rustic tables; awnings; marquees; and other furniture suitable for outdoor use, such as, hammock chairs, etc. Recreation. — Athletic games of all kinds have been regularly supplied for indoor and outdoor recreation; also running-shoes for gymnasium use and for tennis; boots and skates for skating and hockey have also been regularly provided. The furnishing of roof gardens and basement canteens has been the means of giving pleasure and amusement to the men. During the summer months, motor drives and picnics have been given and at other times, concerts and entertainments have been arranged. Musical instruments. — Instruments, both for band and orchestra have been provided for the use of patients, particularly in tubercular and mental institutions, and where sufficient talent has been found,, bands and orchestras have been given. The results have been most successful. Musical " competitions have been held between hospitals and in several cases prizes have been awarded after a keen contest. As the men have gained strength and been discharged, they have obtained positions in several instances with bands or orchestras adding thereby substantially to their income. Wheel Chairs. — Indoor wheel chairs and tricycle chairs for outside use. Spinal lounges and spinal carriages have continually been provided to amputation and spinal cases. For the soldier who will never walk again, indoor and tricycle chairs' have been given outright, as have also the spinal carriages. The chairs are all kept in repair and new parts supplied when required. Thoso not in use during the winter months are stored by this branch, upon request, without cost to the patient. In instances where a disabled soldier has returned to his own home, neither in a distant part of the Dominion or to the United States, where his people may be living, or has desired to return to England, the two chairs which he uses (indoor and tricycle) have been shipped to his new address upon request of the medical superintendent of the hospital which he is leaving. Hospital SxippUes, not on Issue. — ^During the winter months daily requisitions have been received and filled, for articles other than department issue or supplementary to it, such as, socks; sleeveless sweaters; shirts; underwear; scarves; pneumonia and operation jackets; bed jackets; extra-long dressing gowns; heavy sleeping suits; handkerchiefs ; bandages of all kinds ; bed pads ; air cushions ; hot water bottles and covers; arm slings; and personal property bags. Thousands of these articles have been distributed to hospitals during the past twelve months. The materials required have been purchased by department fxmds and made into garments, etc., by voluntary workers to whom warm thanks are due. Tubercular Patients at Home. — As far as possible, requests from the Social Service Branch of the department have been filled for tubercular men who prefer to live at home. Their wants are varied and these requests have included blankets; sheets; pillow-cases; towels; heavy pyjamas; camp beds; verandah awnings; tents: sleeping caps; bed socks; and many other articles such as this branch provides for hospital use. Fruit, milk and eggs are also often given. Soldiers About to Tahe Positions and Unemployed Soldiers. — Up to the present time no requests have been refused for soldiers who have the opportunity of taking ])Ositions out of town, provided they have their discharge papers and employment contract cards to show. At various times an average of forty men a day have been outfitted, according to their requirements. This has often included heavy boots, extra warm clothing, and in the event of a long journey, food and various comforts have been provided. AXNUAL REPORT 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 There have also been a great number of men out of luck and out of work who have been helped with warm clothiuff and supplies. Coal, wood and food have been given after careful inquiry and investigation. This is called ''emergency work," and has iilled a definite want, particularly where there has been sickness and suffering m the homes of these soldiers. Workshop, 287 Queen Street West, Toronto.— Ovnng to the increased activities of this branch entailed by the moving, repairing, packing, crating and shipping of furniture to and from the various hospitals, it was found necessary to obtain space for a workshop. This building is used for the purposes of storing, for repair work, ship- ping, etc., and for work-rooms for the voluntary workers who, week after week, have made the hospital supply articles, other than issue. The repairing of furniture is efficiently carried out by men who have been over- seas. Everything is made use of. I\othing is wasted. Old tapestry and chintz couch covers are cleaned on the premises and the best parts used to re-cover chairs ; curtain poles are recut, cushions re-covered, screens remodelled; wicker furniture condemned in other workrooms as beyond repair has frequently been mended in the soldiers' comforts workshop in the most satisfactory manner. Often the repairing of old articles is a much more difficult task than making -new furniture. It involves taking the old work completely off and practically remaking from the frame, up. _ It is work that requires a knowledge of carpentry, wood-finishing, staining, varnishing and enamelling. In the upholstering, kopek is used for the better class of work. The packing, crating and shipping is completely looked after by the workshop staff. Billard-tables throughout the hospitals are re-covered and kept in order. Pianos are regularly tuned and gramophones kept in condition. Should these articles require more attention, they are taken out of the hospital, placed in perfect condition and returned. Exhibit of Soldiers' Worlc. — Thousands of visitors daily went through the large space allotted to this branch at the Canadian 2v"ational Exhibition of 1920, when the usual exhibit of soldiers' occupational therapy and vetcraft shopwork was shown. Innumerable cases were filled with work from soldiers in hospitals in each province of the Dominion, and were classified under the headings of the eight major crafts, namely : wood : metal ; textile ; clay ; basket-work ; leather ; drawing and printing. The last two included block-printing and stencilling. Special endeavour was made to set a standard of excellency, in order to discourage inferior workmanship. The monetary value of the prizes was arranged to encourage competition in each group of articles for common use. There was also a special grouping of entries for articles, the making of which showed the overcoming of a physical handicap. This was illustrated in the making of a woven scarf on a peg loom, which showed skilful work and was the product of a soldier whose right hand and arm are completely incapacitated from the effects of burning by liquid fire. There were many other articles of handwork and specimens of design, done by men who have also suffered the loss of their right arms. Judges were those who had a thorough knowledge by actual experience of the work exhibited. Six hundred entries were received. The cases showing the work made by blinded soldiers were unusually attractive, and the cocoanut mats, also made by a blinded soldier, were on view, and it may be of interest to know that he has taken this means to support himself and wife. Furniture was there in large quantities, and was of superior quality, much admired by visitors from Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, the United States, as well as from Canada. The exhibits demonstrated that the bedside work was not only for the betterment if the health of the men, but that it would be a future financial assistance to the 128 DEPARTiiEyr OF soLPiEiis- CIVIL nE-Esr.iiii.isHu i:\r 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 soldiers. Everything was on a liiglier grado than in jirevious years, noticeably in the copper, pottery, and the toys. One booth was set apart for the purpose of advertising the articles made for sale. This resulted in material advantage, financially, for the men. Wicker furniture was mended during the entire exhibition by a soldier suffering from amputation who is now at)le to support his family through this work. Active work was also carried on in watch and clock repairing, as well as other occupations gained from the department's vocational training. Sale of Soldiers' Work: — Since the month of October last, the sale of articles made by ill and disabled soldiers has been carried on by this branch. Although the space used for a show room is small, the returns have been large. Christmas presents were bought in great numbers. No gifts seemed as popular as these articles. The prices are always arranged by the men themselves. The work is sent in by the ward aide supervisors, to whom, twice a month, regu- larly, cheques are sent for the amount of salt>s made, to be i^assed on by them to the patients in their special hospitals to whom the articles belonged. Those discharged from hospitals bring in their work themselves and receive their cheques direct. As the weeks have passed the sales have been trebled, the amounts received proving that the undertaking has been worth while and that by prompt and quick returns the n:en talve a certain pride, no matter how ill the.y may be, in the results obtained. Christmas Cheer. — In connection with the arrangements for Christmas, reports were received by this branch, from each Unit, giving the fullest and most complete details. In instances where only a certain amount was being given by patriotic societies and friends, the soldiers' comforts either added to or supplemented the giving. The buildings, where possible, were uniformly decorated, each ward having its own gaily trimmed Christnias tree, in the various hospitals, with presents for each man. Day after day and evening after evening during the holidays different entertain- ments were given, both for the bed and convalescent patients, and special music was arranged for each entertainment. On Christmas morning each hospital had the usual carols. Over three thousand gift boxes were filled and sent out to hospitals and l)rovincial institutions where there were soldier patients, which were much appre- ciated. ■ Owing to unemployment and other reasons, it was the duty of this branch to send supplies, such as meat, groceries, vegetables, etc., to several soldiers whose families would otherwise have been without Christmas cheer. A large number were cared for. Christmas trees were sent to club houses of several branches of the Great War Veterans' Association, with decorations for each tree, and for the children two hundred gifts. !Men in the Eo.val Canadian Eegiment at Stanley barracks were also looked after, presents given, with decorations for their mess-room and Christmas tree, as well as soldiers' children at Camp Borden. Gifts and decorations went in equal quantities. ANNUAL REl'ORT 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 DISABLEMENT FUND The Disa'blcnieat Fund was established in the summer of 1915, and it was at that time intended to raise a Large amount of money, possibly five million dollars or nore, for the following principal objects: — " (1) To supplement the pension or compensation granted' by the Government in cases where this is insufficient for the support of dependents. " (2) To educate and train those who are unable to follow their previous occupa- tions in other lines of indtistry and to supplement their earnings during the period of training. " (3) To assist those totally incapacitated, either by the erection of permanent soldiers' homes, or as may be hereafter determined. " (4) Generally to take such stei>s as may be deemed necessai-y or desirable to carry out the duty of the Canadian people to the men who have suffered in the defence of our national liberties." Owing to the fact that the Government materially increased the pensions origin- ally granted under the Pensions and Claims Board, and asstimed responsibility for the payment of allowances diiring the period of vocational training, also erected and maintained such hospitals as were required, the main objects for which the fund was created have been otherwise dealt with. In view of the foregoing, no general appeal was made for a large fund, and the amount subscribed, rather more than $120,000, was invested in Victory Loan and the interest allowed to accumulate. It was found that certain ex-members of the forces could be assisted to a material degree by the issuing of short loans to tide over a period of emergency between the commencement of training or treatment and the first receipt of pay &.nd allowances. Further, certain necessitous oases were discovered of ex-members of the forces who found themselves in need of temporary help where the nature of their claim was such that the Government could not render assistance. While certain amoimts loaned from the fund have not been recovered, in the main, the money has been tui'ned over again and again. District vocational officers and certain other officers of the department have been furnished with funds and have been authorized to grant loans to men on ^he strength of the department for ti-aining or treatment in cases where such loans will tide over a temporary emergency. Social Service workers have also been authorized to make small loans and to purchase household necessities where urgently needed. No dona- tions of any kind are made with the exception of the purchase of household necessities, up to a smn not exceeding $5, without the authority of the assistant deputy minister. A separate account is kept in the local branches of the Bank of Montreal by all officers of the department handling these funds and cheques are signed by two respon- sible officials of the unit. A monthly return is made to head office. At the present time about 2(X> loans per month are being made averaging about $20 each. The following statement of account as at December 31, 1&20, shows the standing of the fund: — DR. Cr. War loan certificates, par value Subscriptions to fund $128,628 17 $ 135, 5 00, held at cost $130,033 91 InteJ-est account, including- interest Total of Unit funds 12,053 00 received on War Bonds, interest Sundry- advances made by Head on Head Office banl< account and Office 8,015 96 interest on various Unit accounts. a8,377 57 Loans considered unrecoverable.. 1,858 87 Donationis 3,0S7 33 Balance at credit of fund in Bank of Montreal, Ottawa 1,986 67 $157,005 74 $157,005 74 14—9 130 DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISH MENT 11 GEORGt V, A. 1921 CENTRAL REGISTRY The Central Registry of the department, or the Filing Section, handles the compilation and issue of files, the opening and distribution of incoming and the colleotion and despatch of outgoing mail and telegrams. While the Central Registry may be of lesser importance than some of the other branches of the work, it' is closely related to all. and the efficiency of the entire department is governed by the e£5ciency of this division. The system in operation is such'that it is possible to secure files and data at a moment's notice, and a careful check is kept upon all mail, so as to ensure its being placed upon the proper files. It is the policy of the department, unless other information is required, to answer all incoming correspondence on the day it is received. This is oply possible under a properly controlled Central Registry system. At the Head Office, all documents pertaining to a givein subject or to a returned soldier, are placed upon one file, so that the whole history of a subject or a man, in so far as the department is concerned, is immediately available without further investiga- tion. At the Units the same system has been followed, except where, through a separa- tion of certain branches from the Head Office of the Unit, duplicate filing systems have been necessary. The following figures cover the activities of Central Reg:istry, Head Office, during the year, 1920 :— Files in Central Registry — Soldiers 158.209 General (subject and officers) 21,856 Confidential (staff) 16,208 Information and Service Branch, including Federal Emergency filee. 25,700 ToUl 221,973 Issued to branches 1,335,689 Average per week 26,686 Recharged (passed from branch to branch) 161,586 Average per week 3,107 Man- Incoming — Total for year, pieces 962,208 Average per week 18,504 Outgoing — Total for year, pieces 897,792 Average per week 17,266 Telegrams — Incoming — ^Total for year 16,926 Average per week S26 Outgoing — ^Total for year 12,414 Average per week 239 Staff- January 141 December S9 The staff employed in Central Registry Head Office numbers 89, a reduction of 52 since January last when the i)eak load was reached. It is probable that the present staff .will be further reduced in the near future. Xew files are being created at an average rate of 300 per week. AXNUAL REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 STAFF The number of staff at the Head Office and Units, including Hospital staff, at the 31st December, 1919, was 8,121. 2. The peak 'load was reached in March of 1920, when the total staff of the depart- ment was 9,035. 3. At the 31st December, 1920, the total staff was 5,7T9. 4. During the period March 31 to December 31, 1920, the staff was reduced by 3,256 or 36 per cent. 5. The staff at December 31, 1920, was distributed as follows: — Head Office, Ottawa 586 Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island Unit 376 New Brunswick Unit 193 Quebec Unit 685 Eastern Ontario Unit 504 Centra! Ontario Unit 1,498 Western Ontario Unit 536 Manitoba Unit 256 Sasliatchewan Unit 113 Alberta Unit 407 British Columbia Unit €09 Overseas Office 16 5,779 The staff' at December 31, 1920, was composed of the following: — Number Percentage Ex-service men, France 2,959 51-2 Ex-ser\'ice men, England 552 9-4 Ex-service men, Canada. . . 239 4-3 Civilians, rejected or exempted from military service. . , 61 1-1 Civilians, boys under and men over military age. . . . 238 4'2 Civilians, male 95 1-6 Civilians, female.. .. 1,635 28-2 5.779 1000 (The' term " ex-service men " includes nursing sisters as well as other ex-members of the forces.) 7. The classification of Head Office and Unit staffs according to war service: — Head Office, Ottawa — Ex-service men, France Ex-service men, England Ex-service men, Canada Civilians, rejected or exempted from military service. . Civilians, boys under and men over military age.. . . Civilians, male Ci\ilians, female -Voua Scotia and Prince Edward Island Unit — Ex-sers-ice men, France Ex-ser%-ice men, England Ex-service men, Canada Civilians, rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and men over military age. . . . Civilians, male Civilians, female Number Percentage 141 2406 19 3-24 6 103 S 1-37 56 9-55 11 1-88 345 58-87 586 10000 196 52 13 27 71S 12 319 5 1-33 10 2 66 3 0-80 123 32-71 376 100-00 132 DEPAiriMFST or snf.ni/:n.r civil rtE-ESTABLisfni ext etc Bttinsirirk Vtiil — ESt-service men, France Ex -service men, ISngland Ex-service men, Canada Civilians, rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and men over military age.. ,. Civilians, male Civilians, female 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Number Percentage 69 35-75 19 984 13 6-74 S 4 14 4 2 07 12 6 21 6S 35-25 Quebec Unit — Ex-service men. France Ex-service men, England Ex -service men, Canada Civilians rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and men over military age.. . . Civilians, male Civilians, female 6-27 5 98 1 34 3 58 2 91 23 35 Eastern Ontario Unit — Ex-ser\ice men. France Ex-service men, Ehigland Ex-service men. Canada Civilians rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and men over military age.. .. Cirtlians, m.ale Civilians, female 4SS5 Sll Central Ontario Unit — Ex-service men. France Ex-service men. England Ex-service men, Canada Civilians, rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and men over military age.. .. Civilians, male Civilians, female 53 95 15-95 3 60 0 67 2 87 0 93 22 03 Western Ontario Unit — Ex-service men, France ,. . . . Ex-service men. England Ex-service men, Canada Civilians, rejected or exempted from military ser\-ice. Civilians, boys under and men over military age. . . . Civilians, male Civilians, female 40 40, 8 40 6-45 2 95 9-45 1 94 30 41 100 00 Manitoba Unit — Ex-service men. France Ex-service men, England Ex-ser\'ice men, Canada Ci\ilians rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and men over military age.. .. Civilians, male Civilians, female 0-9 21-90 ANNUAL REPORT 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Haskutchtu-an Unit — Ex-service men, France Ex-service men, England }3s-ser\ice men, Canada _ • • Civilians rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and' men over military age. . . . Civilians, male Civilians, female Alberta Unit— Ex-service men. France Ex-servioe men, England Ex-service men. Canada Civilians, rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and men over military age. . . . Civilians, male Civilians, female British Columbia Unit — Ex-service men, France Ex-service men, England Ex-service men, Canada Civilians, rejected or exempted from military servic Civilians, boys under and men over military age. . Civilians, male Civilians, female Overseas Office — , Ex-service men, France Ex-service men, England Ex-service men, Canada Civilians, rejected or exempted from military service. Civilians, boys under and men over military age.. .. Civilians, male Civilians, female umber Percentage 67 59-29 11 973 .5 4 43 15 3-67 2 0-52 4 104 4 1 04 97 23-83 407 100-00 405 66-51 50 8-21 14 2-30 1 016 19 3-12 S 1-31 112 18-39 609 100-00 S 50 0 3 18-75 1 6-25 1 6-25 134 nEPARTME\T OF SOLDIEUH' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHMENT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 APPENDIX I Order in Council P.C. 387, dated the 24th February. 1919. as amended by Order in Council (P.C. 2324) dated the 21st November. 1919, amended by Order in Council (P.C. 2139) dated the 15th September, 1920, and further amended by Order in Council (P.C. 2687) dated the 6th November. 1921. Authority under which the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment may give treatment or training to former members of the Forces and may issus pay and allowances in connection therewith. ^Vliereas the Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment reports: — That under Order in Council (P.C. 1.366) dated 22nd June, 1918, certain powers were conferred upon the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment in respect to former members of the naval and military Forces of Canada, and His Majesty's Allies in the present war. That experience has shown that it is necessary to modify certain of these powers, and to extend others. That the question of providing retreatment for former members of the Forces in cases where the disability is not clearly due to service, has been considered by the department, and the following ruling has been made: — " When any ex-soldier applies for retreatment, and it is questionable whether his disability is due to, or aggravated by service, the Unit Medical Director should give the ex-soldier the benefit of the doubt, if in his opinion, the general resistive power of the ex-soldier against disease has been lowered by war service to such a degree that it has induced the disability from which he suffers when he presents himself for retreatment." That on the return of a member of the Forces from overseas, it has been found in many cases that there is a lowered physical resistance, which sometimes results in a disability not directly attributable to war service, but which undoubtedly is indirectly caused thereby. It is considered that this lowered resistance will prevail for some time after the retirement or discharge of the former member of the Forces, and that the department should be empowered to grant treatment and medicine only, to all former members of the Forces who fall iU during the twelve months following the date of their retirement or discharge, when such treatment or medicine is not necessitated by a war disability. . That it may be pointed out that in Great Britain either through the Ministry of Pensions or through National Health Insurance, provision is made for the grant of free treatment for all disabilities, when such incapacitate a man for work. And whereas it is expedient to authorize the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-estab- lishment, hereinafter called the department, as hereinafter set forth, such authority to supersede the authority granted under the Order in Council (P.C. 1366) dated 22nd June, 1918. Therefore, His Excellency the Governor General in Council, under the i)Owers vested in His Excellency by the War Measures Act, 1914. or by any other enabling authority, is pleased to order and it is hereby ordered as follows : — AyyVAL REPORT 1o SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 1. The provisions of the Order in Council of the 21st February, 1918 J^^^'^*'''^ (P.C. 432) with respect to treatment and training, shall extend and apply to training all persons who have served in the Canadian naval or military forces of pj^'^o"® His Majesty during the present war and who have been retired or discharged fo^ iherefrom and who may now or hereafter be resident in Canada, and may, in the discretion of the department be extended to aU persons who have served in the naval or military forces of His Majesty or any of His Majesty's Allies, during the present war and who have been retired or discharged therefrom and who may now or hereafter be resident in Canada and who were bona fide resident in Canada at the outbreak of the present war (hereinafter referred to as former membere of the forces), subject as follows : — » . (a) Any former member of the forces suffering from a disability, which in the opinion of a naval or military medical board or of a medical officer of the department, is due to or was aggravated by service, and which disability, in the opinion of such board or officer prevents such former member of the forces from obtaining or continuing employment, shall be entitled to medical or surgical treatment and to such allowances as are provided herein for former members of the forces suffering from a disability preventing employment. (h) Any former member of the forces resident in Canada who, within twelve (12) months after retirement or discharge from the forces or. if he has been transferred to the department by the Department of Militia and Defence, or the Department of the Xaval Service, for further continuance of treatment, within twelve (12) months of the completion of such treatment, requires medical or surgical treatment for a disability which is not due to or aggravated by service, shall be entitled to such medical or surgical treatment, provided that such disability is not due to vice or misconduct on the part of such former member of the forces, and that it shall he competent for a medical officer of the department to decide whether ' such disability is or is not due to such vice or misconduct; and provided also, that the granting of such treatment shall not entitle such former member of tbe forces to receive pay and allowances from the department, nor shall it be deemed in any way to entitle him to pension in respect of any disability not due to or aggra- vated by service. (c) Any former member of the forces suffering from a disability which, in the opinion of a naval or military medical board, or of a medical officer of the department is due to or was aggravated by service, and which in the opinion of the Director of Vocational Training of the department, prevents such former member of the forces from returning to his previous trade or principal occupation, shall be entitled to retraining for a new occupation in accordance with the regulations of the department, and to such allowances as are provided herein for former members of the forces undergoing retraining. 2. The department may, from time to time, and in its discretion, make Treatment arrangements through the Officer Paying Imperial Pensions at Ottawa, or ^'^'^ train provisions 136 DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISBME\T of H.M Forces other than Canadian. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 and training of all persons who have served in the naval and military forces of His Majesty other than those of the Canadian forces during the present war, and who have been retired or discharged therefrom and who may now or hereafter be resident in Canada, whether bona fide resident in Canada at the outbreak of the present war or not and may render accounts for the cost of such treatment or training and may, subject to such arrangements and to the provisions of clause 1, during the period of such treatment or training pay such persons and their dependents the allowances hereinafter set out. Treatment and training arrange- ments for ex-membens of C.E.F. outside of Canada. 3. The department, may from time to time, and in its discretion, make arrangements for the treatment and training of all persons who have served in the Canadian naval and military forces of His Majesty during the present war, and who have been retired or discharged therefrom and who may now or hereafter be stationed or resident outside of Canada, and may pay the cost of such treatment or training and may, subject to such arrangements and to the provisions of clause 1, during the period of such treatment or training, pay such persons and their dependents the allowances hereinafter set out. Treatment .'ind training provisions regarding ex-members of Allied Forces. 4. The department, with the approval of the Governor in Council, may from time to time, and in its discretion make arrangements with the Governments of His Majesty's Allies for the treatment and training of all persons who have served in the naval or military forces of His Majesty's Allies during the present war, and who have been retired or discharged therefrom and who may now or hereafter be resident in Canada, whether bona fide resident in Canada at the outbreak of the present war or not, and may render accounts for the cost of such arrangements and may sub- ject to the provisions of clause 1, during the period of such treatment or training pay such persons and their dependents the allowanew hereinafter set out. Training allowances, to men without dependents. Training allow- ances to men with partial depen- dents. 5. The allowances payable while he is undergoing training by the department, for a former member of the forces who is without dependents shall be seventy-five dollars ($75.00) per month. 6. The allowances payable while he is undergoing training by the department for a former member of the forces, who has neither a wife nor any children, but who has a person or persons partially dependent \i-pon him shall be seventy-five dollars ($75.00) per month, and the department may in its discretion pay to such partially dependent person or persons such allowances as may, in the opinion of the department, be deemed necessary, provided that the total allowances paid to or on account of such partially dependent person or persons shall not exceed an amount of twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per month. Training allowances to married men. 7. The allowances payable while he is undergoing training by the department, for a former member of the forces, who has a wife, or a wife and child, or a wife and children, and for such dependent or dependents shall be as follows : — (tt) For such former member of the forces, one hundred dollars ($100.00) per month. (b) for one child, fifteen dollars ($15.00'! per month. AIS'NVAL REPORT 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 (c) for two children, twenty-seven dollars ($27.00) per month. (d) for three children, thirty-seven dollars ($37.00) per month. (e) for more than three children, thirty-seven dollars ($37.00) per month plus ten dollars ($10.00) per month for each child in excess of three. Provided that the department shall pay direct to the wife the sum of fifty dollars ($50.00) out of the amount payable to the former member of the forces plus the allowances for children. S. The allowances payable, while he is undergoing training by the Training department, for a former member of the forces who is a widower with a ^^ ^^"^erc child or children and for such dependent or dependents, shall be as with follows:— children. (a) For a former member of the forces and one child an amount not exceeding ninety-five dollars ($95.00) a month. (6) for such former member of the forces and two children an amount not exceeding one hundred and fivQ dollars ($105.00) a month. (c) for such former member of the forces and three children, an amount not exceeding one hundred and fifteen dollars ($115.00) a month. (d) for such former member of the forces and more than three children, one hundred and fifteen dollars ($115.00) a month, plus ten dollars i)er month for each child in excess of three. Provided that the department may in its discretion pay to a guardian or other person having charge of any such child or children, such portion of the amounts .set forth in this clause as it may deem necessary and may deduct the amount so paid from the allowances payable" to the former member of the forces. 9. The allowances payable, w-hile he is undergoing training by the Training department, for a former member of the forces who has neither a wife fii°'"3^<=fs , ., J , , , to men with nor any children, but who has a parent or parents, or a person or persons dependents in the place of a parent or parents, or a brother or a sister, or biV)therg °t^«r *^han or sisters, any of whom are wholly or mainly dependent upon him for children, support, and for such dependent or dependents shall be as follows: — (a) For such former member of the forces, seventy-five dollars ($75.00) per month. (6) for such parent, an amount not exceeding twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per month. (c) for such parent and one such brother or sister, an amount not exceeding forty dollars ($40.00) per month. (d) for such parent and two such brothers or sisters, an amount not exceeding fifty-two dollars ($52.00) per month. (e) for such parent and three such brothers or sisters, au amount not exceeding sixty-two dollars ($62.00) i)er month. (/) for such parent, and more tlian three such brothers or sisters, sixty-two dollars ($62.00) per month, plus ten dollars per month for each of such brothers or sisters in excess of three. DEPARTMEST OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHMENT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 (g) for one such orphan brother or sister an amount not exceeding twenty dollars ($20.00) per month. (h) for two such orphan brothers or sisters an amount not exceeding thirty dollars ($30.00) per month. (i) for three such orphan brothers or sisters, an amount not exceeding forty dollars ($40.00) per month. (j) for more than three such orphan brothers or sisters, forty dollars ($40.00) per month, plus ten dollars ($10.00) per month for each of such orphan brothers or sisters in excess of three. Provided that if such former member of the forces has two parents wholly or mainly dependent upon him for support, one of them shall, for the purpose of estimating the allowances payable in respect of such depen- dents, be regarded as a brother or sister. Training allow- ances are maximum. 10. The allowances set out in clauses (8) and (9) for children or widowers or for parents, or for brothers or sisters, shall, subject to the provisions of clause 13 be the maximum allowances payable for such depen- dents, but if in the discretion t)f the department, less amounts are sufiBcient for the maintenance of such persons the department may award such less amounts. Training- limitation of pajTnent under one clause only ; what children may be included. 11. No allowances shall be payable while he is undergoing training by the department for a former member of the forces or for his dependent or dependents under more than one of clauses (5), (6), (7) and (9) but any person or iJersons to whom a former member of the forces who is under- going treatment or training by the department stands in loco parentis shall, at the discretion of the department for the purpose of estimating the allowances payable to such former member of the forces and for such depen- dent or dependents, be regarded as his child or children. 13. No allowances shall be payable while he is undergoing treatment or training by the department, for any dependent or dependents of a former member of the forces, other than those mentioned in clauses (6), (7), (8) **rt (9) and (11), and the decision whether or not a person is dependent upon a Department former member of the forces shall rest with the department, and any allega- tion of dependency shall be corroborated by such evidence as may from time tc time be required by the department. Treatment and trainlng- limitartion to decide dependency. Training deduction for sub- sistence. 13. (o) In cases where a former member of the forces, while under- going training by the department, is subsisted by the department the sum of $30.00 per month (to cover cost of such subsistence) shall be deducted from the pay and allowances of such former member of the forces, pro- vided that when such former member of the forces has a dependent or dependents for whom allowances are payable under this Order in Council, and with whom he is residing at the commencement of his training by the department and owing, to his undergoing training is imable to continue to reside with such dependent or dependents, or finds it necessary, with the approval of the department to remove such dependent or dependents, to another place of residence, the sum of twenty-two dollars only shall be deducted, and the allowances payable to or on account of such dependent or dependents may in the discretion of the department be increased by $8.00 per month. AyNUA-L REPORT 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 (6) In cases where a former member of the forces who while under- ^^l!"/^^^, going training is not subsisted by the department, and who has a dependent aiiow- or dependents for whom allowances are payable under this Order in Council a.nc<^ in with whom he was residing at the commencement of his training, is, cases, owing to his undergoing training, unable to continue to reside with such dependent or dependents or, finds it necesshry, wdth the approval of the department to remove such dependent or dependents to another place in order to continue to reside with them the allowances payable for such former member of the forces under this Order in Council shall be increased by an amount of eight dollars per month, and the allowances payable to or on account of such dependent or dependents shall also be increased by an amount of eight dollars a. nienth. 14. The allowances payable, while he is undergoing treatment or Treatment training by the department, for a former member of the forces or for the ^^^^ng wife of a former member of the forces shall be paid direct to him or her manner of unless in the discretion of the department, it is deemed advisable to pay payment, such allowances to such other person as the department may determine, and the allowances payable, while he is undergoing treatment or training by the department, for the dependent or dependents of a former member of the forces other than his wife, shall be paid to such person as the depart- ment may determine. 15. If a former member of the forces is unmarried or a widower at Traming the time his training is approved by the department and marries during married the progress of his training, the allowances for a married former member during, of the forces, shall be paid to him from the date of his marriage, or in the event of the interruption of his training on account of his marriage, from the date of the resumption of his training, instead of the allowances he or his dependents, if any, were receiving prior to his marriage. ^ 16. (a) The allowances payable while he is undergoing treatment by ""^^^^^j"*" the department for a former member of the forces passed immediately aitow- on discharge by the Department of Militia and Defence or by the Depart- anees. ment of the Naval Service to the department for further treatment which prevents him from obtaining employment, and for a former member of the forces who is accepted by the department for treatment for a recur- rence of disability due to or aggravated by service which prevents him from obtaining or continuing employment and for his dependent or depen- dents shall be as per the following schedules: — SCHEDUIjB 1. — SINGL.E MAN IN HOSPITAL,. Private. Bombardier, 2nd Corporal and Corporal, Qurtyeight dollars ($38.00) per month. Sergeant, forty-five dollars ($45.00) per month. Squadron. Battery or Comi>any Q.M. Sergeant, Orderly Room Clerk, Pay Sergeant, fifty-one dollars ($51.00) per month. Squadron, Battery or (Company Sergeant-Major, Colour-Sergeant, Staff-Sergeant, fifty-four dollars ($54.00) per month. R. Q. M. Sergeant, sixty dollars ($60.00) per month. Sergeant-Major (without warrant), sixty-one dollars and fifty cents ($61.50) per month. Sergeant-Major (Warrant Officer). sixt>--nine dollars ($69.00) per month. Lieutenant, ninety dollars ($90) per month. Captain, one hundred and thirteen dollars ($113.00) per month. Major, one hundred and forty-three dollars ($143.00) per month. Lieutenant-Colonel, one hundred and eighty dollars and fifty cents ($180.50) per month. Colonel, two hundred and eighteen dollars ($218.00) per month. Brigadier-General (Commanding Brigade) four hundred and twenty-three dollars ($423.00) per month. Major-General (Commanding Division) six hundred and sixty-three dollars ($663.00) per month. 140 I)i:i'MtT.Mi:\T or StU.nniUs- cniL RE-KtiTXUUHUMEST 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 SCHEDULiE 2.— SLNGLli jrAN AT HOjrK. Private. Bombardier, 2ner month. Wife and 5 children, one hundred and fifty dollars ($150.00) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and sixty dollars ($160.00) per month. Bombardier and 2nd CJorporals — Wife only, ninety-eig-ht dollars and fifty cents ($98.50) per month. Wife and 1 child, one hundred and eight dollars ($108.00) per month. Wife and 2 children, one hundred and twenty dollars ($120.00) per month. Wife and 3 children, one hundred and thirty dollars ($130.00) per month. Wife and 4 children, one hundred and forty dollars ($140.00) per month. Wife and 5 cliildren, one hundred and flftj- doUans ($150.00) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and sixty dollars ($160.00) per month. Corporal — Wife only, one hundred dolJars ($100.00) per month. Wife and 1 chiM, one hundred and nine dollars ($109.00) per month. Wife and 2 children, one hundred and twenty dollars ($120.00) per month. Wife and 3 children, one hundred and thirty dollars ($130.00) per month. Wife and 4 children, one hundred and forty dollars ($140.00) per month. Wife and 5 children, one hundred and fifty dollars ($150.00) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and sixty dollars ($160.00) per month. Sergeant — • Wife only, one hundred and nine dolJars ($109.00) per month. Wife and 1 child, one hundred and eighteen dollars ($118.00) per month. Wife and 2 children, one hundred and twenty-five dollars ($125.00) per month. Wife and 3 children, one hundred and thirty dollars ($130.00) per month. Wife and 4 children, one hundred and forty dollars ($140.00) per month. Wife and 5 children, one hundred and fifty dollars ($150.00) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and sixty dollars ($160.00) per month. 142 DEPARTMEXT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHMENT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Squadron. Batteo' or Company Q M. Serpeant, Orderly Room Clerk, Pay Sergeant — Wife only, one hundred and fifteen dollars ($115.00) per month. Wife and 1 child, one hundred and twenty-four dollars ($124.00) per month. Wife and 2 children, one hundred and thirty-one dollars ($131.00) per month. Wife and 3 children, one hundred and thirty-six doHans ($136.00) per month. Wife and 4 children, one hundred and forty-one dollars ($141.00) per month. Wife and 5 children, one hundred and ftfty dollars ($150.00) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and sixty dollars ($160.00) per month. Squadron, Battery or Company Sergeant-Major, Colour-Sergeant, Staff Sergeant — Wife only, one hundred and eighteen dollars ($11?^. 00) per month. Wife and 1 child, one hundred and twemty-seven dollars ($127.00) per month. Wife and 2 children, one hundred and thirty-four dollars ($134.00) per month. Wife and 3 children, one hundred and thirty-nine dollars ($139.00) per month. Wife and 4 children, one hundred and forty-four dollars ($144.00) per month. Wife and 5 children, one hundred and fifty dollars ($150.00) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and sixty dollars ($160.00) per month. R. Q. M. Sergeant — Wife only, one hundred and twenty-four dollars ($124.00) per month. Wife and 1 child, one hundred and thirty-three dollars ($133.00) per month. Wife and 2 children, one hundred and forty dollai^ ($140.00) per mgnth. ■Wife and 3 children, one hundred and forty-flve dollars ($145.00) per month. Wife and 4 children, one hundred and fifty dollars ($150.00) per month. Wife and 5 children, one hundred and fifty -five dollars ($155.00) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and sixty dollars ($160.00) per montb. Sergeant-Major (without warrant) — Wife only, one hundred and twenty-five dollars and fifty cents ($125.50) per month. Wife and 1 child, one hundred and tiiirty-four dollars and fifty cents ($134.50) per month. Wife and 2 children, one hundred and forty-one dollars and fifty cents ($141.50) per month. Wife and 3 children, one hundred and forty-six dollars and fifty cents ($146.50) per month. Wife and 4 cliildren. one hundred and fifty-one dollars and fifty cents ($151.50) per month. Wile and 5 children, one hundred and fifty-six dollars and fifty cents ($156.50) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and sixty dollars and fifty cents ($160.50) per month. Sergeant-Major (Warrant Officer) — Wife only, one hundred and thirty-eight dollars ($135.00) per month. Wife and 1 child, one hundred and forty ^seven dollars ($147.00) per month. Wife and 2 children, one hundred and fifty-four dollars ($154.00) per month. Wife and 3 children, one hundred and fifty-nine dollars ($159.00) per month. Wife and 4 children, one hundred and sixty-ifour dollars ($164.00) per month. Wife and 5 children, one hundred and sixty-nine dollars ($169.00) per month. Wife and 6 children, one hundred and seventy-PPas« the Board of Pension Commissioners or the Pension and Claims Board tinuatioK other than the payment or payments of such pension and allowances to »f pension, the date of the commencement of training, shall be made to such former member of the forces, and the allowances payable imder the authority of this Order in Council shall commence from the date of such commence- ment of training provided that if a payment or payments of pension is or are received by a man during his period of training the department shall have authority to deduct the amount of such payment under the authority of this Order in Council, and provided also that at the conclusion of his training by the department, the Board of Pension Commissioners shall continue pension allowance or gratuity if any, at such rate as they may then determine as from the day following the day on which the training of such former member of the forces was concluded. 20. When a former member of the forces is accepted for treatment Treatment— by the department, and is entitled to the allowances set forth in clause (16) Pension to hereof, there shall be deducted from each payment of such allowances the amount of pension, if any, to which he or his dependents may be entitled from the Board of Pension Commissioners or the Pension and Claims Board for the period for which he is undergoing treatment, such deduction being made from the amounts payable to the man himself or his depen- dents, or both in the discretion of the department. 21. If a former member of the forces who is undergoing training by Treatment the department requires institutional treatment during the period of his training training, his training allowances and the allowances of his dependent or institu- dependents may be continued during the period of such institutional treat- ^^atment ment, subject to deduction as set forth in clause (13) provided that tie for men payment of such allowances by the department during the period of such "^'^nyn^'"^ treatment shall be suspended if the treatment is made necessary by mis- conduct, provided also that at any time the former member of the forces may be transferred from training allowances to treatment allowances at the discretion of the department. 22. K a naval or military medical board or a medical officer of the de- Treatment— partment reports that a former member of the forces shall undergo treatment ™^^ ™" and such former member of the forces imreasonably refuses to imdergo undergo such treatment or if by any reason of the misconduct of such former mem- treatment, ber of the forces while imdergoing treatment it is necessary in the dis- 146 DEPARTMEXT OF SOLDIER^' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISBilEXT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 cretion of the department to discontinue such treatment, the pension to which he or his dependents would otherwise he entitled may, in the discretion of the Board of Tension Commissioners for Canada, be reduced or refused and any post discharge pay or war service gratuity to which former member of the forces and his dependents at the time such report is received, or such treatment is discontinued by the department may be entitled, may be withheld until the department has certified to the officer i/c of post discharge pay that such former member of the forces has under- gone and completed to the satisfaction of the department the treatment so recommended or that such misconduct has been excused. The decision as to what under the provisions of this clause constitutes unreasonable refusal or misconduct shall rest with the department and its decision shall be final. Treatment and training — Post- treatment and training allow- ances. Department' require ments to be ob^furved in Discharges. Treatment and training — Deipart- ment's discip- Hnary powers and regulations. 23. (1) The payment of allowances authorized by this Order in Coun- cil may be continued for one month after the completion of training of a former member of the forces, provided that (a) in the opinion of the depart- ment his conduct while undergoing training has been satisfactory, (b) his training has occupied a longer period than two months, (c) in the opinion of the department such continuation of payment is necessary to assist him in obtaining employment or to tide him over a period of temi)orary difSculty. (2) The payment of allowances authorized by this Order in Council may be continued for one month after the completion of treatment of a former member of the forces, provided that (a) in the opinion of the department his conduct, while undergoing treatment, has been satisfactory, (h) his treatment has occupied a longer period than two months, (c) he is not entitled to any payment of war service gratuity, (d) in the opinion of the department such continuation of payment is necessary to assist him in obtaining employment or to tide him over a period of temporary diffi- culty. s 24. In carrying out the retirement or discharge of any person who has served in the Canadian naval or military forces of His Majesty during the present war the requirements of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment shall so far as possible be complied with. 26. The department shall have power to make regulations respecting the administration and discipline of, and allowances payable for, a former member of the forces while undergoing treatment or training by the department and the allowances payable for his dependent or dependents and all deductions from or cancellations of such allowances for the pur- pose of discipline, and to require that before becoming entitled to treat- ment or training by the department a former member of the forces shall sign a document agreeing while undergoing treatment or training to submit to all such regulations. Treatment and training — age liralt child de- pendents. 26. 'No allowances shall be paid under authority of this Order in Council for any child or brother or sister of any former member of the forces who, if a hoy is over' the age of IC, or, if a girl is over the age of 17 years, provided, that if the child or brother or sister is unable owing to physical or mental infirmity to provide for its maintenance the allow- ances may be continued until such child or brother or sister has attained lyXVAL REPORT 14 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 the age of 21 years. Provided also that no allowances eliall be paid in respect of a child or brother or sister after the marriage of such child or brother or sister. 27. The provisions of the Order in Council P.C. 1366 dated the 22nd Canoei- June, 1918, are hereby rescinded as from the first day of March, 1919, but pre'-^ous the allowances which at the date of this Order in Council are being paid Ordere in under the provisions of P.C. 976, dated the 12th April, 1917, to a former Co""^i>- member of the forces undergoing training and to his dependent or depen- dents may in the discretion of the department continue to be paid until his training has been completed. 28. The decision of a naval or military medical board or of a medical Treatment officer of the department under the provisions of clause (1) and the deci- ''."'? sion of the department under the provisions of clauses (1), (6), (10), (11), i>epart- (12), (13), (14), (16), (IS), (20), (21), (22), (23), (27), (29) and (30), ^^^^^'fj^ and the decision of the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada imder gnai. the provisions of clause (22) shall be final. 29. The provisions of this Order in Council shall not apply to any insane former member of the forces who is certified by a naval or military medical former board or a medical officer of the department to be insane, provided that an of the out-patient of a hospital for the insane may in the discretion of the depart- forces. ment be paid the allowances set forth in clause 16 hereof. 30. The provisions of this Order in Council and of the Order in Treaunent Council of the 21st February, 1918 (P.C. 432) shall not, unless the depart- a.""? _ ment otherwise directs, extend and apply to any person who has served in to whom the naval and military forces of His Majesty during the present war who — ■ Order in 11.1 <■ Council (a) has been cashiered or dismissed the service by sentence of court- does not martial; ^ ^pp'>- (Z)) has been deprived of his commission or warrant by reason of mis- conduct; (c) has been called upon to retire or to resign his commission or war- rant by reasons of misconduct; ' id) has been discharged, having been sentenced to be discharged with ignominy, or in the naval forces with or without disgrace; (e) has been discharged, having been sentenced to penal servitude or having been sentenced by court-martial to imprisonment for two years or more; (/) has been discharged during his service, having been convicted by the civil power of an offence punishable by imprisonment for more than twx) years committed either before or after enlistment; or ig) has been discharged for misconduct, or to any person who has served in the naval or military forces of any of His Majesty's Allies during the present war, who has been retired or discharged on any like ground. 31. The provisions of this Order in Council shall be oi)erative from the 1st day of September, 1920. and the allowances hereby authorized for men undei^oing training shall include expenses of transportation, to and from places of training, and meals, except as provided in clauses (13) and (17) hereof; and the allowances hereby authorized for men undergoing treatment shall be increased by seven dollars ($7.00) per month in aoeord- ance with Order in Council P.C. 1549 dated the 22nd June, 1920. 14— lOJ 148 ni:i:ii{TME\T or sor.niriis' civil i{F:-EsT.\ni.i!^l"'^"ient may place men in industries for training under an agreement with emplovers as to wages on an ascending scale. The Committee of the Privy Council have had before them a report, dated 10th January, 1920, from the Minister of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment, submitting that under the chairmanship of the Honourable J. A. Calder, P.C., M.P., the Special Parliamentary Committee on Bill 10, an Act to amend the Department of Soldiers' (>ivil Re-establishment Act, in its report to the House of Commons, which was adopted by that House, stated that the following suggestion had been made to the committee : — - "That the department in making provision for the retraining of disabled men should endeavour as far as may be found practicable to place men in industries under an agreement with employers as to wages on an ascending scale, the department to pay the difference between the wages received and the pay and allowances now granted, the object being to lengthen the period of training without additional cost to the department." That the following recommendation was made by the committee: — "That the suggestion be carried out to as full an extent as possible without, however, attempting to relieve the department of any expense it woiuld ordinarily incur in the retraining of any disabled soldier." Tlie minister states that applications have been made for extensions of courses in the manner indicated above, but the powers at present conferred on the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment do not empower the department to carry out the recommendation. The minister, therefore, recommends that, in pursuance of the foregoing recom- uiendation, the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment be authorized to enter into arrangements with employers, in accordance with the foregoing suggestion, and, when in the discretion of the department it is considered desirable in the interests of the trainee so to do, to pay to a trainee who has been placed in an industry the difference between the wages or other remuneration received by him in such industry and the amount of the pay and allowances for men undergoing training authorized by Order in Council P.C. 387, dated the 24th. February, 1919, provided that the total sum paid by the department to a trainee under the authority herein contained including any amounts he and his dependents may previously have received as training allowances under the said Order in Council shall not exceed a total of eight times the monthly allowance which would be payable to him under the authority of the said Order in Council were he undergoing training in one of the department's schools, or otherwise; provided also that when a trainee receives, from the firm or company under whom he is being trained in accordance with these provisions a monthly wage or other remuner- ation equal to the monthly amount of pay and allowances provided for men undergoing training by the said Order in Council, his course shall be considered as completed and all payments by the department shall cease. The Committee concur in the foregoing recommendation and submit the same for approval. (Sgd.) EODOLPHE BOTJDEEAF, Clerh of the Privy Council. 154 DrrAIlTMENT Of SOLDI ERU' CIVIL RE-ESTABI.ISHilENT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 APPENDIX V Order in Council, P.C. 2554. dated the 24th Decemher, 1919, and Order in Council P.C. 728 dated the 21st April, 1920. Authority under which the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment may compensate men sustaining injury while being trained. P.C. 2554 Whereas the Minister of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment reports as follows: — The Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, in carrying out the duties delegated to it by Parliament, is at the present time giving retraining courses to over 22,000 men. Where it is deemed advisable so to do, in the interests of the trainee, ibe course is given in an industrial establishment. In this way training can be given in a wide range of occupations at a cost very much less than would be involved if the department established industrial training centres and employed teachers therein for the purpose. Further, if the cost were no object the work of teaching trades is usually better done in actual commercial workshops than in technical schools or in such industrial training centres as might be organized by the department. From time to time accidents may occur in industries in which men are receiving training and injury may be received during the course of their training by such men through other causes than negligence and carelessness on the part of the trainee, and it is submitted that the department should compensate such men for any such injury received at corresponding rates to those which would be allowed by the various local Compen- sation Boards. Where a trainee is injured during the course of his training, all medical attention and treatment will be provided by the department, and a careful investigation into the nature and cause of the accident made, so as to decide as far as possible whether or not such accident occurred during the natural course of the man's duties or whether it was due to carelessness or neglect on his part. A man undergoing training by the department is in receipt of pay and allowances and is entirely under the control of the department as to the work which he does. It is, therefore, considered that he should be regarded as in the employ and service of His Majesty, so as to bring him under the provisions of the Act to provide compen- sation where employees of His Majesty suffer injury while performing their duty" (Statutes of Canada, 1918, Chapter 15.) Therefore His Excellency the Governor General in Council, is pleased to order and it is hereby ordered as follows: — Men undergoing training by the Depurtment of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment shall, for the purposes of Workmen's Compensation, be considered employees of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment while in receipt of pay and allowances from the department, and the provisions of subsections 1 and 2 of section 1 of the "Act to provide compensation where employees of His Majesty are killed or sirffen injury while performing .their duty" (Statutes of Canada, 1918, Chapter 15), shall apply to such men : further the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment is hereby authorized to carry out such investigations as may be necessary to safeguard the interests of the Government in this regard, and to pay such compensation as may be awarded. (Sgd.) RODOLPHE BOUDREAU, Clerk of the Privy Council. AXXUAL REPORT 1£5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 P.C. 728. Whereas the Ministej of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment reports as follows: — The Order in Council of the 24th December, 1919 (P.C. 2554), which provides that ex-members of the forces undergoing training by the department shall, for the purposes of compensation for injuries received during the course of training, be considered employees of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment, and that the provisions of subsections 1 and 2, section 1, chapter 15, Statutes of Canada, 1918, shall apply to such men, would appear to be limited, in its application by the follow-* ing statement contained therein : — "From time to time accidents may occur in industries in which men are receiving training and injury may be received during the course of their train- ing by such men through other causes than negligence and carelessness on the part of the trainee." In certain of the provinces of Canada, compensation is awarded imder provincial legislation to workmen who sustain injuries irrespective of whether such injuries were caused through negligence or carelessness on the part of the workmen, and it is submitted that ex-members of the forces on the strength of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment for training, should be entitled to the same compensation in case of injury as other workmen in the province in which such ex-members of the forces are being trained. Therefore His Excellency the Administrator in Council, on the recommenda- tion of the Minister of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment, is pleased to order and it is hereby ordered as follows : — Notwithstanding anything to the contrary which may be contained in the said Order in Council of the 24th December, 1919 (P.C. 2554), ex-members of the forces undergoing training by the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment shall, while in receipt of pay and allowances from the department, be considered employees thereof, and in case of injury shall be entitled to the full benefits of compensation provided by the said subsections 1 and 2, section 1, chapter 15 of the Statutes of Canada. 1918, subject only to the condition that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment shall be authorized to carry out such investigations as may be necessary to safeguard the interests of the Government of Canada in this regard, and to pay such compensation as may be awarded. (Sgd.) G. G. KEZAE. Assistant Clerk of the Privy Council. 156 DEPARTUEXT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHME\T 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 APPENDIX VI Order in Council P.C. 551. dated the 17th March. 1920. Respecting- reciprocal arrangements with Belgium for treatment of former membei-s of the Belgian Forces in Canada and the Canadian Forces in Belgium. The Committee of the Privy Council have had before them a report, dated 8th March. 1 920. from the Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, stating that in pursuance of the authority granted by Order in Council of the 24th February, 1919 (P.C. 387), certain proposals fcf the reciprocal treatment of former members of the Canadian and Belgian forces resident in the country of the other were submitted to the Consul General for Belgium hy the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establish-' ment, and that in reply the Consul General has advised that his Government approves of the arrangements proposed by the Department, and desires that the same be put into effect. The Minister, therefore, recommends that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment be authorized to provide medical and surgical treatment for former members of the Belgian forces resident in Canada who require the same for disabilities caused or aggravated by service with the Belgian forces during the War of 1914-18, ]irovided, however, that the cost of such treatment (which shall not include any charges for executive overhead expenses of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-«stab- lishment). shall be a charge against the Government of Belgium, and upon the understanding that the Government of Belgium will provide similar facilities at the expense of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment for the treatment of former members of the Canadian Forces Resident in Belgium. The Committee concur in the foregoing recommendation and submit the same for approval. (Sgd.) G. G. KEZAR. Assisinnt Cleric of the Privy Council. ANNUAL REPORT 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 APPENDIX VII Order in Council P.C. 2311, dated the 25tli September, 1920 Authority under which the Department of Soldiers" Civil Re-establishment may manufacture and supply Prosthetic appliances to other G-overnment Depart- ments and to Workmen's Compensation Boards > The Committee of the Privy Council have had before them a report, dated 20th September, 1&20, from the Acting Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, submit- ting that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment is now operating a fully equipped factory for the manufacture of artificial limbs and general prosthetic appliances for the benefit of ex-members of the naval and military forces of Canada and of the Allied and Associated Powers. The minister states that from time to time requests have been made to the depart- ment that these appliances should be manufactured for and supplied to, others than ex-members of the forces. These requests, with one exception have not been enter- tained, the exception being in the case of victims of the Halifax explosion. It will be necessary for the Government to maintain for many years to come, a factory for the manufacture of prosthetic appliances and as the cost of production is. to a certain extent determined by the output, a larger field of supply would necessarily result in lower individual cost. At the last session of the Ontario Legislature an amendment was passed to the Workmen's Compensation Act providing that injured workmen were to be entitled to artificial members and apparatus which might be necessary as a result of their injuries. It is possible that legislation of a similar character will be enacted in the other provinces. The Workmen's Compensation Board of Ontario inquired if some arrangement could not be made by the Board under which it would be able to procure prosthetic appliances for injured workmen from the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establish- ment. It it pointed out that the Board could obtain these from various firms engaged in the business but it would not be possible in this way to obtain the advantage of standard appliances with interchangeable parts, capable of repair and renewal, in various parts of Canada. It is anticipated that the annual number of arms and legs would be about forty T40). It is necessary from time to time to supply prosthetic appliances at the expense of the Government to employees of the Government engaged on the Canadian National Railways and in other departments. In view of the increased activities of the Gov- ernment in this direction it is probable that the demand in the future will be greater than heretofore. The minister, therefore, recommends that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment be authorized to manufacture and supply artificial arms, legs and other prosthetic appliances to any other Department of the Government of Canada, to the Workmen's Compensation Board for Ontario and to similar boards in other provinces as requested so to do, at prices to be determined from time tx) time by the department, so long as facilities exist for manufacturing and supplying such appli- ances to ex-membei"s of the forces. The committee concur in the foregoing recommendation and submit the same for approval. (Sgd.) RODOLPHE BOITDREAU, Clerk of the Privy Council. 158 DEPARTMENT OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISBMEST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 APPENDIX VIII Order in Council P.O. 2936, dated the 3rd December, 1920 Authority under which the District Organization of the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada has been absorbed by the Unit Organization of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment The Committee of the Privy Council have had before them a report, dated 30th November, 1920, from the Acting Minister of Soldiers' Civil Ke-eetablishment, submit- ting that for some time past he has had under consideration the question of the amalgamation of certain activities of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establi?h- meut and the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada. The minister states that by his direction, officers of the department and of the board have conferred together in order to ascertain what economy could be effei'ted witiiout interference with the work of the department or of the board. The department has branch offices in the principal cities of Canada and will require to maintain these for a considerable time to come. The board also has branch offices in most of the same centres. The work carried out in the branch offices is partly medical and partly administrative in addition to the specific activities of the depart- ment in connection with vocational training, et cetera. Owing to the number of men coming forward for treatment for disabilities due to or aggravated by service it is necessary for the department to maintain a consider- able ?taff of medical officers as well as attendant clerical help. The staff carried by the Board of Pension Commissioners in its unit administration, numbers two hundred and seventy (270) made up of medical advisers, administrative and clerical staff. The officers of the department and of the board consider that an amalgamation in the branch offices is workable and would result in a saving in administration cost due to a possible reduction in the number employed by both organizations, and due to the compilation of files and records which would necessarily follow. At the present time, in all districts except four, namely, Ottawa, Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary, the offices of the Board of Pension Commissioners are in the same building and in- many instances adjacent to the offices of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment so that it is felt that the change suggested could be brought about very expeditiously. The carrying out of this proposal would further eliminate a certain amount of overlapping and duplication of work. The proposal is not designed to change the present method of adnunistration. The unit heads of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment consisting of the Assistant Director and the Unit Medical Director would deal direct with the Board of Pension Commissioners in Ottawa, on all matters affecting pension and instructions would be issued to them by the proper officials of the Board of Pension Commissioners. The minister, therefore, recommends that the district or imit organization of the Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada be absorbed by the unit organiza- tion of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment and that he be authorized to take the necessary steps to carry out this amalgamation at as early a date as possible. The committee concur in the foregoing recommendation and submit the same for approval. (Sgd.) EODOLPHE BOTJDREAU. Cleric of the Privy Council. AXXVAL REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 APPENDIX IX Order in Council P.C. 3017, dated the 13th December. 1920 Authority under which the Department of Soldiers' Civil Ee-establishment may transfer surplus equipment and stores to other Departments of the Govern- ment without repayment The Committee of the Privy Council have had before them a report, dated 6tli September, 1920, from the Acting Hinister, Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, stating^ that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re- establishment has a considerable quantitj' of hospital, office and vocational training equipment which is now, or will shortly become, surplus to requirements. Various departments of the Government have requested that portions of this equipment be transferred for use of such departments, in order to obviate the purchase of new equipment. The cost has been borne by the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-Establishemnt or the Military Hospitals Commission, and is shown in the total expenditure made in respect of the care and treatment of returned soldiers and the general administration of the same. There is a ready market for this equipment, and, if it were sold, the proceeds would show a reduction amounting to a large sum in the capital expenditure of the department. If the equipment is transferred to other departments, the latter will benefit, while an expenditure which should have been reduced wiU stand against the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment. On the other hand, it is recognized that the whole belongs to the Government of Canada, and that transfer as suggested would mean a saving to the Government. The matter has been referred to the Auditor General who states that a decision of this question does not devolve upon him, but is a matter for governmental policy, there being no precedent upon which he can give advice. He points out, however,, that in Great Britain the practice appears to be not to pay for int«r-departmental transfer, of stores. In a recent work, " Parliamentary Grants," the author. Colonel Durel, C.B., Chief Paymaster of the War Office, says (page 364) : — " The rule laid down by the Treasury is to the effect that one department should not pay another department for service rendered to it, and also that one department should not repay to another department the cost of stores. etc., supplied, when such payment or repayment involves duplicate charges on exchequer grants, and payment to the exchequer by one department of the amount received from the other. The same principle is applicable in the case of transfers of property by one department, which has no use for it, to any other department, which requires such property for public purposes. Transfers of this nature should be carried out without any inter-departrnental payment. Each department must be regarded as subordinate to the exchequer, not as independent of every other department. Each is an individiial but not an isolated square in the scheme of national finance. A system of repayment for services rendered would tend to create confusion in the national accounts; for money would have to be voted twice over, and the whole gross national expendi- ture would thus be fictitiously augmented." 160 DEPARTMEyr OF SOLDIERS' CIVIL RE-ESTABLISHilENT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 In view of the saving to the Government which will be effected if stores and equipment are transferred by tJie Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-eetablishment to other departments when required bj' such other departments, the minister recom- mends that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment be authorized to make such transfer without repayment, subject to a careful account being kept of the same and a footnote or memorandum being attached to the accounts of the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment, to the effect that equipment, etc., of a certain value has 'been transferred to certain other departments, thus reducing, in effect, the expendi- ture as shown by the parliamentAry vote governing purchase. The committee concur in the foregoing recommendation and submit the same for approval. (Sgd.) RODOLPHE BOUDREAU, , Clerk of the Privy Council- AXyVAL HE POET 161 SESSIONAL PAPFR No. 14 APPF.NDIX X Order in Council P.C. 3260, dated the 6th January, 1921. Authority under which the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment may grant medical and surgical treatment to unemployed former members of the forces until the 31st March, 1921. The Committee of the Privy Council have had before them a report, dated 31st December, ]92'0, from the Acting Minister Soldiers' ' Civil Ee-establishment, sub- mittinfr that representations have been made by the Dominion Command of the Great War Veterans' Association that there are a number of former members of the forces who are out of employment and who are sadly in need of medienl treatment and hospitalization. A proposal has been made that the Department of Soldiers" Civil Re-establishment should furnish such medieal treatment and hospitalization during the present unemployment. The minister states that owing to the recent closing of a number of hospitals and the consequent reduction in the available bed accommodation it would not be possible to provide in-patient treatment in departmental hospitals, nor would emer- gency hospitals meet the situation as the majority of the cases requiring in-patient treatment could not receive proper care in temporary institutions. Any present surplus of available beds at the disposal of the department will be oceupied by patients of the department coming under existing regulations. The department could undertake to provide medical and surgical care for unemployed former members of the forces who require medical attention, which could be given at departmental clinics or at home. This service would render necessary an increase in the medical staff, the provision of transportation for such staff and the supply of medicines and surgical dressings. It is estimated that the expenditure involved to provide the treatment indicated, would amount to One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) covering the months of January, February and ITarch. While the provision of medical and surgical treatment to all classes of needy or indigent cases is wholly a municipal one, it has been pointed out that to place the medical organizattion of the department's clinics at the disposal of unemployed former members of the forces would be in itself a great boom. The minister recommends, after a full consideration of the situation, that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re'establishment be authorized, until the 31st March, 1921. to grant medical and surgical treatment to former members of the forces who are unemployed and who are in need of the same, at the clinics operated by the department, or in cases where attendance at a clinic is impossible, at the men's own homes, subject to the following conditions : — (a) That this service be limited to former members of the forces who are certi- fied by one of the bureaus of the Employment Service of Canada to be unemployed, such certification to be directed to the Unit Medical Director of the department. (6) That the department shall not be required to provide in-patient treatment and shall not do so unless there is ample available accommodation, the use of which will not handicap the hospitalization of those for whom such accommodation is being held. (<•) Tliat former members of the forces granted treatment as indicated shall not be entitled to receive any allowances unless the disability is due to service. The committee concur in the foregoing recommendation and submit the same for approval. (Sgd.) G. G. KEZAE, Assi.'itdjii Clerk of the Privy Council. UEPAIiTMFXT OF Sill. Ill FIfs- (JVII. l{F-FsTAHI.Isini F\T 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 APPENDIX XI Order in Council, P.C. 43, dated the 10th January, 1921 Authority under which the Department of Soldiers" Civil Re-establishment may grant relief to former members of the Forces who are pensioners or who have received Vocational training on account of disability, during the months of January, February and March, 1921. Tlic (\iiimiitt(H" ciC tlu- I'rivy C'uuiumI liave liail before tliem a report, (latini 4th January, 1921, from the Aotins Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-estalilishnient, submit- ting that representations have been made that there are a number of former members of the forces who have been pensioned for disabilities due to war service, or who have received vocational trainins: from the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establish- ment, who are out of employment and who are in need of assistance to tide them over the immediate future. The minister observes that while the unemployment problem in Canada as else- where is general and would appear to be a charge upon the municipalities and the Provincial Goverumeuts, it has been urged that responsibility for men who have been handicapped through war service, should be assumed By the Federal authorities. It is suggested that any assistance which might be given should not be in the form of cash but in the provision of certain necessaries of life. Before any grant is con- sidered, full investigation should be made into the necessities of the applicant and his dependents. After a full consideration of the situation, and without admitting that the Federal Government is in any way responsible for the employment of former members of the Forces who have been returned to civil life, the minister recommends that the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment be authorized to grant assistance to former members of the forces who are out of emplo.vment or who are able only to secure inadequate employment for the maintenance of themselves and their depend- ents, during the months of January, February and March, 19:il. subject to the following r^ulations and limitations: — 1. Those entitled to assistance shall be (a) necessitous cases among former members of the Forces who have been pensioned for a disability due to or aggravated by service in the Great War or former members of the forces who have received vocational training under the Department of Soldiers' Civil E«-establishment for a war disability which prevented the trainee from following his pre-war occupation; and (6) former members of His Majesty's Imi^erial forces, and former members of the forces of His !Majesty's Allien who have been pensioned for a service disability due to or aggravated by service in the Great "War and have been residents of Canada for three months prior to making application. 2. In order to determine what is a necessitous case, officers of the department shall investigate the home conditions of the applicant for assistance and shall take into consideration income from the earnings of the members of the family. When a pensioner or a former vocational student is unable to secure such employment as will yield sufficient remuneration to provide for himself and his dependents, or for whom sueh employment cannot be secured by reason of there Ix-ing no employment available, as certitled by an offii-ial of the Einploynient Bureau, assistance may be granted. ANNUAL h'El'Oh'r 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 3. The assistance granted shall not be iu cash, 'but shall be limited to expenditure by the department on behalf of the pensioner or former vocational student of such amounts as may enable him and his dependents to carry on for the period indicated. 4. The following shall be the maximum amounts per month which may be expended on behalf of any case: — Man and wife $ T.') First chUd under 16 (girl IV ) 12 Second child under 16 (girl 17) 10 Single man without dependents (maximum allowance) 50 Single man with dependents, same as for married man : provided that no expenditure covering a period of more than one week in advance shall be incurred. ' 5. There shall be deducted from any allowances authorized by the department, all income received by the familj' by way of earnings, investments or pension, so that the maximum allowances referred to in paragraph 4 shall be inclusive of all income. 6. AH expenditure in respect of tliis authority shall be charged by the depart- ment against Parliamentary Vote number 280. 7. The department shall be authorized to make such regulations as may be necessary in respect of this authority. The committee advise that the rccjuisite authority be granted accordingly. (Sgd.) RODOLPHE BOUDREAF. Clerk of the Privy CouticiL DEPARTMENT OF SOLDI Uh't^' CIVIL UE-KtiTAULInmiKST 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 APPENDIX XII Federal Emergency Appropriation, 1919-20 In view of the fact that during the latter part of 1919, it was apparent that the problem of re-establishment had not fully been met, owing to the limited period since the return of the Canadian contingents from overseas and in view of the probable unemployment "during the winter. Parliament decided on the recommendation of a special committee which had given full consideration to the matter, to make an appropriation of $50,000,000 for the following special purposes : — 1. To provide grratuities to Canadians who cnliteted in the R.A.F. and other units, etc $ 9,000.000 2. To provide rebate of transportation expenses by dependents who returned to Canada prior to November 11. 1918.. .. 1.000,000 3. To provide tlie following expenditures: — (a) Free clothing to S.C.R, patients "1 (b) Pay and allowances to trainees taken on strength of S.C.R and subsequently not approved (c) Care of neurological and mb-normal cases (rf) Necessitou.s oases — pensions — under arrangement with the Patriotic Fund !■ (e) Cashing cheques at par for Canaciians who joined Imperial Units (/) Loans to retrained disabled men for tools and equip- ment Co) T.K)ans to disabled men f.jr training and education (ft) To take care of unemployment during coming winter. J Total . 2. The exiXMiditure in connection with the foregoing recommendations was divided among several departments. The Department of Militia and Defence had charge of gratuities to Canadians who enlisted in the R.A.T. and other units. The nepartnient of Soldier.'!' Civil Tte-c.^tablishment had charge of (""), (?>">. (c), (/), and ■ (.'/). The IVpartiiioiit.'! of Militia and Defence, IVst Office, and Finam-e had rharpe of the cashing iif i-hequc^ at par red in ISIont- real. This announcement caused considerable dissatisfaction. Many pro- ducers evidently looked upon the offer to purchase as a continuation of the policy which had tjeen in force in 1917 and 1918. There was, however, this important difference, that producers were not obliged to accept this offer. Other channels for disposing of the produce were left open, and in a short tiine condi- tions on the continent improved and further sales were made to Belgium at a higher price than that offered by the committee. The Committee did not secure the whole of the 20,000 tons until some time after the new year, when large stocks which had been purchased and held on speculative account were turned over at a hea\y loss. During the past winter the British Ministry of Food has purchased Canadian cheese in Belgium at a price equivalent to 25 cents in Canada, although this same cheese was sold to REPORT OF THE JJiyiSTER 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Belgium by Canadian and American exporters at a much higher price. The ministry has also purchased on the continent Canadian and American butter for which satisfactory settlement could not be made. MARKETS FOR CANADIAN DAIRY PRODUCE. There is no lack of markets for Canadian dairj- produce. The difficulties of finance and the loss on exchange have prevented extensive sales being made to continental Europe, but the United Kingdom is prepared to take all the dairy produce Canada may have to offer, and there is every reason to believe that prices will rule high for some time to come. It does not appear at all likely that there will be a permanent market on the continent for Canadian dairy products, but until these countries re-establish their own dairying industries the shortages resulting from the destruction of the war will be a factor in determining prices. SCARCITY OF RENNET. The supply of rennet, used in the manufacture of cheese, is now very nearlj', if not quite, equal to all demands, and the use of pepsin is being discontinued, as cheesemakers prefer to use the rennet extract. FINCH DAIRY STATION. The Finch Dairy Station was established in 1912. when the premises and goodwill of two small competing cheese factories located within a mile of each other were purchased bj- the department and a new building erected in the village of FincTTTStormont county, Ont.' The increase in the quantity of milk as shown in the table below indicates the success of the establishment in that respect. Year. Milk Received.! Xet Return to Patrons. Per 100 lbs. Total Amount Distributed to Patrons. 1912 Lbs. 2,069.281 2,720,028 2,356,202 : 2,418,010 2.486..S80 2.807,885 3.859,217 5.480,816 $ 1 11 1 04 1 19 1 35 1 60 ■: 00 2 14 2 49 23,304 49 1913 28,214 73 1914 28,108 74 1915 32,640 85 1916 1917 1918 1919 39,779 88 56.173 46 82,785 69 136. .540 56 It will be observed that the quantitv of milk was practicallv doubled from 1917 to 1919. The operation of the Finch Dairy Station has demonstrated the following points : — 1. That a Government institution may be operated at a profit. 2. That it is advisable in many localities, where there is competition for the milk supply for other purposes, to have factories equipped in such a mannei as to permit of the manufacture of cheese, butter, or the sale of milk and cream at a moment's notice, in order to take advantage of the best market available. In this way the patrons of the factory are not so likely to be induced to dispose of their milk through other channels. 3. That there is a large and unsatisfied demand in Canada for cheese for family use of 5 and 10-pound sizes. 8 DF.FARTMEyTOF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 4. That the iiatrons of a factory appreciate good service and are willing to pay a reasonable rate for manufacturing if they get value. o. That a large saving in fuel expense can he effected hy utilizing exhaust •steam for heating purposes. 6. That the operation on connnercial lines of a chee.se factory and creamery is a decided advantage to the Dairy Branch in its work of advising the manu- facturers of butter and cheese, and outlining policies for the improvement of the manufacturing end of the dairy business. M.\D.\W.\SK.^. CUE.^MERY. The Maci«waska Creamery at St. Hilaire, N.B., was operated again during the season of 1919, on the understanding that at the end of the year it would be tran-sferred to the provincial Department of Agriculture. There was a very considerable increase in the cream supply, and the success of the creamery appears to be assured. It should be of great assistance to the milk producers in that part of the province, where dairying is capable of great expansion. DOMIXIOX EDrC.\TIOX.\L BUTTER SCORING CONTEST. A Dominion Educational Butter Scoring Contest was carried on by the Dairy Division during the season of 1919. It was arranged to have four cream- eries in each province send samples of their butter to a Montreal warehouse during the first week in each month from May to October, inclusive, for the purpose of being compared and judged on the same standards. Full particulars as to conditions and methods followed in making the butter were required '.nth each sample. The objects of the contest were: to promote uniformity in the quahty and character of Canadian butter as a whole; to discover as far as possible the best methods of handling cream and making butter, in order to produce the type most in demand in the markets at the present time; to find out if it is possible to make the highest grade of butter in all the provinces; to establish a standard type of butter, which will meet the requirements of the export trade and also be suitable for the best markets in Canada; and to promote a healthy rivalry in the different l)rovinces in the making of finest quality butter. The results of this contest .show that the highest grade of butter can Ix- made in everj- part of Canada, and that there is a very remarkalile uniformity in the type and character of the best butter made in every district. The samples of butter were retained by the department and used by the officers of the Dairy Division for demonstration purposes at the provincial dairy conventions, dairy schools, and other places during the past winter. A full report of the contest has been prepared by the Chief of the Dairy Division as Bulletin No. 56 of the Dairj' and Cold Storage Series, and is noAv available for distribution. The contest will be repeated in 1920. cow TESTING. The Dairy Branch has for many years encouraged the keeping of records of production of individual cows, both by propaganda and active work under different plans. In 1919 one officer was employed in each province, except British Columbia, to supervise and encourage the work as much as possible. Arrangements are made with cheesemakcrs, buttermakers, or other persons properly equipped, to test samples of milk as brought to them by the owners of herds, and the records thus obtained are forwarded to the office at Ottawa, REPORT OF THE iliyiSTER 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 where they are compiled and reports sent to the individual owners of herds. During the year 1919 the number of records sent into the department from the different provinces was as follows: — Total Number of Herds, Cows, Testing Centres, and Babcock Tests MADE BY Provinces, 1919. Province. Herds. Cows. Testing Centres. Samples Tested. 64 34 74 83 417 1,046 250 207 241 820 215 773 1.035 4,214 10.374 1,065 2,714 1,307 26 16 22 70 137 IS 37 17 2,539 1,235 2,712 3,793 18.204 42,428 5,144 12,623 5,907 Totals .... 2,416 22,517 348 94,585 These figures do not by anj' means represent the total number of cows under test, as a large number of farmers are keeping their own records. This department supphes, free of charge, blank forms and instructions for keeping records to all farmers who apply for them. A great many owners of herds start keeping records in the spring but fail to continue for the full lactation period. In some cases it has been found imprac- ticable to make provision for the testing of samples during the winter months. The next table gives the average production per cow for the herds which were tested for the full lactation period, and a comparison is made with previous years. COMPARISON OF AVERAGE PRODUCTION BY PROVINCES FOR YEARS 1915, AND 1919. 1916, Average Production. Province. 1915. 1916. 1919. Milk. Fat. Milk. Fat. Milk. Fat. Lb. Lb. Lb. Lb. Lb. 6.669 5,198 4.944 5,177 6, 725 4.798 5,857 4,962 6.. 586 Lb. 262-8 190-7 4,392 169-2 4,818 190^1 192-9 183-4 Ontario 6,294 4,472 4,558 4,909 5,235 217-4 172-9 183-3 200-7 198-8 6,66i 4,856 4,486 5,083 5,616 212-3 188-0 181 -8 208-0 214-1 243-0 182-8 235-6 195-5 Prince Edward Island 243-4 General averages 5,285 195-5 5,417 200-7 5,522 207-9 (The test in 1915 was 3-69, while in 1919 it was 3-7, a very slight increase.) This table shows that from one year to another there is a gradual increasf in the production of the cows recorded at the Dairy Branch. Quite a few of the herds are the same for a number of years, but there are also a great many new herds, and after a few years the cows will be practically all different. This means an increase in production from one generation to another, and is due to better breeding and feeding. 10 J El'MnMf:\T OlACHKUf/rURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 If these figures can be taken a^ an indication that the production of the dairy cow is being increased from one year to anotiier, and I think thej- can, it means that tlie vahie of dairy products is being added to yearly to quite an appreciable extent. For example: if every one of the 3,500.000 dairy cows in Canada had given 237 pounds mure milk in 1919 than in 191;'). the increase in milk production woukl have been over 829,000,000 pounds, valued at over §21,000,000. The consistent use of the .scales and Babcock test to get accurate knowledge of the production of each cow. and then a wise use of. this knowledge to weed out the poorer animals, and use better feeiling mmiods, will surely i>ay real money by the increased production of the herd. It has always l)een open to question whether this cow testing work was not more properly a provincial function. In some of the provinces at lea.st the Departments of Agriculture would seem to have just the kind of organization best suited to give effective direction to cow testing. No official in the whole field of govermnent aid to agriculture in Canada is in a better position to promote the keeping of dairy records than the district or county representatives. At a conference of provincial deputy ministers recently held in Ottawa the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner was authorized to announce that when anj' of the provinces were prepared to take over this work the federal department was really to make the transfer. Markets Division. market reporting service. A market reporting service covering butter and cheese was inaugurated and carried out during the period from May to December, inclusive. Prepaid night lettergrams were sent out t'snce a week to at least two leading dairy officials in each province, quoting the prices paid on the day in question for butter and cheese delivered at ^Montreal and Toronto. The receivers of these messages disseminated the information among the factorymen in their respective districts. On request a similar collect telegram was sent regularly direct to butter and cheese factory salesmen or managers. On Monday of each week a Dairy Produce JNIarket Letter was issued, containing a review of the markets of ]\Iontreal, Toronto, and New York for the preceding week, with special reference to the export trade in butter and cheese. The Dairy Produce JNIarket Letter is sent free to any person who applies for it. DAIRY NEWS LETTER. Another service known as the Dairy News Letter was inaugurated during the year. This letter is published on the 10th of each month. It contains extracts from the letters of correspondents in all the important dairying countries of the world, items of dairy news gleaned from journals and other publications. It also contains news respecting the activities of the branch, and other informa- tion which would not be likely to reach the public through any other channel. The dairy officials of the Provincial Department of Agriculture were asked to co-operate in making the Dairy News Letter a success by semling once a month brief notes that would be of interest to Canadian dairymen in general. The request was well received and the information furnished l)y provincial dairy commissioners and other officials has appeared in the Dairy News Letter from time to time. The market and dairy news services were carried on at small cost, and seem to be appreciated by manufacturers of and dealers in butter and cheese. REPORT OF THE iliyiSTER 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 One of the cliief objects of these services, and of the Dairj- News Letter e.specially, is to promote a more general interest in the various aspects of the dairy- ing industry, and to encourage a broader outlook on the part of those engaged in it. This seems to be advisable now that dairy produce has become an article of international commerce. The Dairy News Letter is sent free to every cheese factory and creamery in Canada, and to all other apjilicants. INSPECTING HAY FOR ALBERTA. Ov.ing to a shortage of feed in the province of Alberta, it was considered necessary b^' the provincial authorities to purchase hay in Ontario and Quebec for shipment to the farmers in Alberta, and, at the request of the ^Minister of Agriculture for Alberta, it was agreed to provide inspection for the hay so purchased at the railwaj- station where it was loaded. This inspection was carried on by the Markets Division, and up to the end of the fiscal year 713 carloads, aggregating 9,300 tons of hay, had been graded and inspection certifi- cates issued therefor. Bv the end of April the number of cars inspected will exceed 1,000. CARGO INSPECTION. The usual staff of cargo inspectors was maintained during the season of navigation at the port of Montreal and the year round at the chief ports in Great Britain. An inspector was also stationed at Halifax throughout the year. These men reported the condition of perishal^le products as they were loaded into steamers and unloaded on the other side, and the manner in which these products were handled by the longshoremen. They also supervised the handling to as great an extent as,possible, and placed self-recording thermometers, knovvni as thermographs, Sn the holds of steamers along with butter, cheese, eggs, meats, fish, fruit, etc., so that records of temperature were available for each cargo. At ^Montreal 333 thermographs were placed in steamers sailing for Europe. Eighteen thermographs failed to register, but 315 records of temperature were obtained, as follows: — 77 in cold storage v\-ith butter, meats, poultry and fish, 30 in cooled air space with apples, eggs, meats and cheese, 208 in ordinary stowage with cheese, meats, eggs, and apples. The Markets Division made and distributed 1,260 blue-print copies of these records. At the port of Hahfax 55 thermographs were placed, practically all with apples, 330 copies of these records were made and furnished to steamship companies, fruit shippers, and others interested, • REFRIGERATOR CAR INSPECTION, The special refrigerator car services for butter and cheese which are arranged for each year by the Markets Division were in operation from iNIay 12 to October 4, inclusive. The inspectors at Montreal, Toronto and Halifax examined these refrigerator cars as they arrived, reported the quantity of ice in the bunkers, the sanitary condition of the car, the manner of stowage, the number ot packages and weights, and the temperature of the butter as determined by actual tests with a thermometer. Daily reports were made on these cars, and any defect in the service was brought to the immediate attention of the railway company. At Montreal, during the period referred to, the inspectors reported on 1,040 cars, which contained 290,491 packages (18,800,825 poimds) of butter. The average temperature of the butter for the season, delivered by the various railroads, ranged from 51.73 to 54.30 degrees. The Montreal inspectors' reports also covered 619,631 boxes of cheese. These reports referred to the stowage of the nEPARI\UKST OF AORIVULri'IlF 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 lidxos and to the condition of same when unloaded. When icijorts indicated tiiat breakage was due to improper loading at the railway stations the facts were communicated to the railway company, and the latter reprimanded the agent at fault. Cold Stok.\ge Division. thk cikl.mjsby pukcooling and kxperimental fruit storage wakehoise. This establishment is still operated on commercial lines, and is taxed to capacity during the fruit shipping season. The fruit-growers in the (irimst)y district have become so convinced of the necessity for refrigeration in preparing tender fruits for shipment, and for holding small ([uantities while a carload is lieing accumulated, that much greater space is now required to serve the district. It was proposed at the end of last season to remodel the establishment by substituting mechanical refrigeration for tlie gravity brine system with which the warehouse is now equipped. This would treble the storage space by utilizing the jire.sent ice-chamber for storage rooms, and with a greater reserve of refriger- ating capacity the fruit passing through the warehouse could be cooled more rapidly, and thus add further to its capacity. Investigation, however, showed that there would lie difficulty in getting the work done in time for the coming season, and also that the cost of making the alterations would be exces.sive at tlie present time. Some experiments were conducted during the past season in the storage of grapes of different varieties and in different styles of packages. Full particulars of the tests were published in a circular (drimsby, No. t>) issued and distributed to all grape-growers. Briefly, it was found that certain varieties of grapes, including tiie Agawam, Lindley, Vergennes and Black Rogers, could be preserved for the ( 'hristmas trade, and that there is a market for a considerable quantity at prices which would pay the grower a premium over the cost of storage and packing. COLD STORAGE SUBSIDIES. The following particulars respecting the payment of subsidies under the < "old Storage Act since its enactment in 1907 are published for general informa- tion:— Number of warehouses erected under subsidy 34 Total refrigerated space 4,978,304 cu. ft. Total cost $2.408,3.M.85 Subsidies paid $699,242.41 Instalments withheld 14,024.00 Instalments not yet due 9,240.00 Total subsidies J722,506.41 By an Order in Council of j\lay 26, 1919, the payment of subsidies under the Act is limited to public cold storage warehouses erected and operated l)y municipal or other governing bodies. Subsidies contracted for have all been paid in full except two, in one of which the fifth and last instalment of $600 is due, and in the other the third, fourth and fifth instalments, amounting to $4,320, are yet to be paid. A complete list of all cold storage establishments in Canada has been com- piled by the di\ision, and any person may obtain a copy by apph-ing to the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner. REPORT OF IBE MIXISTER 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 CREAMERY COLD STORAGE BONUSES. This is a departmental arrangement whereby a bonus of SlOO is paid to assist creameries in erecting suitable cold storage for butter awaiting shipment. The storage must be built according to plans and specifications supplied by the department. The bonus is paid after one season's satisfactory operation. The following is the record of the year under review: — Number of applications received in 1919-20 26 Number of applications refused in 1919-20 2 Number of applications held over to 1920-21 2 Number of bonuses paid 1919-20 22 Amount paid $2. 200 .00 The number of bonuses paid since this form of assistance to the creamery industry was inaugurated now amounts to 1,056. or §96,775.25. The odd figures are accounted for by the fact that for one or two years certain bonuses were based on a percentage of the cost of the cold storage. TERMINAt COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSE AT MONTREAL. Largely on the representations of the Department of Agriculture, the Harbour Commissioners of ^Montreal have undertaken the erection of a large modern, fire-proof cold storage warehouse on the harbour front at ^Montreal.- and construction is now under way. This warehouse will be located on the harbour front, with trackage faciUties and berths for steamers, and will provide facilities very badly needed for the export trade in meats, dairy product', and other perishable foods. SMALL COLD STORAGES. The C old Storage Di\-ision receives many inquiries respecting the erection of small automatic cold storages, suitable for country homes, hotels, stores, and farmers' use. Bulletin 49 of the Dairy and Cold Storage Series contains several plans for these small cold storages in which ice only is used as a refrigerant, and also some plans of combined ice-house and dairy. These small cold storages are constructed on the principle of a house refrigerator, ^\"ith an ice-chamber large enough to hold the season's supply. The bulletin referred to. together ^ith blue-prints of the plans on a working scale, are sent to any person who applies for them. Inspection of Dairy Products Division. admixistr,\tion of the dairy and oleomargarine laws and regulations thereunder. The enforcement of the laws dealing ^\-ith the manufacture and sale of oleomargarine was carried on in the same manner as in pre\'ious years. Owing to the sale of oleomargarine it was necessarj- to increase the staff of inspectors during the year. There are now employed one chief inspector, six inspectors, and two inspectors who give part time to the work. The following circular was issued in June last: — " To Mamtfactw-ers of mid Dealers in Butter, — " In order to safeguard the reputation of Canadian butter, as well as to protect the consumer, the honest manufacturer and the honest trader, it is essential that all butter should comply with the legal standards 14 DEl'Ah'TMESr 01' AOltlCULTURK 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 and requircincnts. In otlier words butter must contain not more than sixtci'ii ])('r centum of water, must lie of tlie correct weight and must he properly marked or liranded. The incoryxiration of more than the legal maximum of water is a dishonest practice antl is the more reprehensible since the ordinary consumer has no means of detecting the fraud. It is apparent that many manufacturers of butter are aiming to incorporate the full legal maximum of water, and do not allow sufficient margin for errors in sampling and testing, with the result that the butter fretpiently contains sliglitlx' more than sixteen per cent of water. Mainifacturers of and dealers in butter which tloes not comply with legal reciuirements are liable to prosecution under the Dairy Industry Act, 1914, and regulations made thereunder, and the illegal product as well as the machin- ery and equipment used in manufacturing the same are liable to seizure and confiscation. " Regulation 16 passed under authority of the Dairj- Industry Act, 1914, and which became operative on the first day of September, 1918, reads as follows: — " 'Any person charged with the enforcement of this Act ma.V ^vith the consent of the minister, — " '(a) Seize and confiscate any apparatus or materials used or intended to be used in the manufacture of any butter, cheese or other dairy product or imitation thereof in contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or of any regulations made thereunder; " '{h) Seize and confiscate any apparatus used in the treatment of milk, butter, cheese or other dairj" product when such treatment causes the said milk, butter, cheese or other dairy product to contravene any of the provisions of this Act or of any of the regulations made thereunder; " '(f) Seize and confiscate anv illegal dairv i)ro(luct as defin(>(l in this Act.' " The foregoing regulation covers such violations as excess of water (over 16 per cent), short weight prints, etc. " In administering the Act and regulations in the past, the powers conferred by this section have not been generally employed, offenders having been usually dealt with by prosecution in court. In cases of a slight excess of water, apparently due to errors in sampling and testing, manufacturers have frequently been let off with a warning. This practice will not be continued, and in future cases of shght excess of water will be dealt with in the same manner as if the excess were due to deliberate intent to defraud. Manufacturers must allow sufficient margin to avoid danger of exceeding the limit. In order to secure a better observance of the law, the authority to seize and confiscate materials, products and apparatus will be more generally acted upon. Dealers as well as manu- facturers will be held strictly accountable for any violation of the Dairy Industry Act and Regulations, and are warned that in order to avoid loss and annoyance through confiscation and prosecution all necessary precau- tions should be taken to assure themselves that the product meets all legal requirements." A copy of this circular was sent to all creameries and to the principal whole- sale dealers in butter. As a result ot this warning most of the wholesalers e(iuip- ped themselves with moisture tests for butter, and began the testing of each lot of butter purchased. Many of the manufacturers who were incorporating excessive water in the butter were detected in this way. REPORT OF TEE MIMfiTER 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 During the year, 3,226 samples of butter were tested by the inspectors for water content. The average water content of all samples tested was 14-55 per cent. Of the number tested 545 contained more than 16 per cent of water. Comparatively few samples of oleomargarine are tested for water-content. The average water-content of oleomargarine is slightly over 12 per cent and no sample has yet been tested containing more than 16 per cent. An excess of water cannot very easily be incorporated in oleomargarine. Following is a Ust of con\nctions secured and fines imposed, classified by provinces as well as offences: — CONVICTIONS. YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1920. Province. Excess Water. Short Weight. Oleomarg arine Act. Number of Convictions. Fines. Number of Convictions. Fines. Number of Convictions. Fines. Nil Nil 11 14 18 58 . 2 1 NU 2 NU NU 18 NU NU NU NU NU NU NU 6 Nil NU NU Alberta $20 00 120 00 $140 00 210 00 295 00 1,070 00 (Costs) 10 00 40 00 $110 00 310 00 185 00 Totals 106 $1,765 00 27 $450 00 11 $295 00 Offence. Number of Convictions. Fines. Excess water .... Short weight. . 106 27 11 $1,765 00 450 00 295 00 Totals. . . . 144 $2,510 00 During the previous fiscal year there were only 29 convictions, while fines imposed totalled S795. The authority to seize and confiscate goods on account of violations of the Dairy Industry Act and Regulations, as well as the Oleomargarine Act and Regulations, was first used during the past year. The confiscations made, amounts confiscated, and net proceeds realized from the sale of the same were as follows: — BUTTER. Offence. Number of Confiscations. Pounds Confiscated. Net Proceeds. 15 4 534 1,472 Total 19 2.006 $861 46 Oleomargarine sold as butter 14 12,674i $3,761 21 16 DKI'AKTSIEXT OF AUKIVULIURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The high price of butter is no doubt responsible for the increase in the num- ber of violations on account of excessive water in butter and short weight i)rints, while the wide difference between the price of oleomargarine and butter makes the practice of substituting oleomargarine for butter a very lucrative one. PUBLICATIONS. The pul)lication of an annual report givinj; the detailetl oi)erations of this branch has been discontinued, the last rejjort issued being for the year (ending March 31, 191'). By the time an annual report is written, printed and distributeil much of the information presented has become so okl as to have lost very much of its value. In place of the annual report the policy now is to issue special circulars or bulletins as soon as the information is available. To some extent the Dairy News Letter, already referred to, is utilized for this purpose. Circular No. 27, " Yield and Relative Value of Some Dairy Products," of the regular series was issued during the year. The following special circulars, of interest to a limited number of persons only, \vere duplicated and distributed on special lists: — Dairy Division — " Dairy " No. 1. The Manufacture of Casein. " No. 2. Caerphilly Cheese. Cold Storage Division — " C.S." No. 1. List of Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada. " No. 2. List of Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada sub- sidized under the Cold Storage Act, 1907. " No. 3. The storage of Ice for Summer Use. Grimsby Pre-Cooling and Fruit Storage Warehouse — " Grimsby " No. 2. The Storage of Cabbage. " No. 3. The Storage of Grapes. " No. 4. Canadian Grapes in the United Kingdom. " No. 5. Report for the Season of 1919. " No. 6. Grape Storage Tests at Grimsby. Copies of any of these circulars maj' be obtained on application to the Dairy and Cold Storage C"ommissioner. CORRESPONDENCE. A large amount of correspondence on a great variety of subjects connected with the dairying industry and the transportation and storage of perishable food products is conducted by the Dairy Branch. This line of work is looked upon as a very important one, and considerable attention is paid to the collection and tabulation of information in order that inquiries may be answered promptly, and as fully as possible. A War Office Acsency. * Although it was not directlj' connected with the Department of Agriculture, and did not involve the expenditure of Canadian money, it seems to be desirable to i)lace on record a brief account of the important work carried out by the Dairy Branch on behalf of the Imperial War Office in the purchase and shipment of hay, oats and flour during the first three years of the great war, for the use of the expeditionary forces in France and other theatres of the war. rf:i'ort of the mimster , 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Shortly after the war started the War Office requested the Canadian (tovernment to forward supplies of hay from Canada. It was specified that the hay should be compressed into bales of special size and of great density to save space in transportation. The first order was entrusted to an experienced hay dealer, but in the course of a few weeks it was found necessary to make some change as the business had reached a state of confusion that could not be tolerated any longer. The business was turned over to this department and placed in charge of Mr. J. A. Ruddick, Dairy and Cold Storage Commis- .sioner, and some of his assistants. A recompressing plant for the hay, which had already been set up in a new harbour shed at Montreal, was reorganized and enlarged, and other plants were established at different times at Charlottetown, P.E.I.. Windsor, N.S., Woodstock, X.B., and at Calgary, Alta. The outputs of three single com- pressors, privately owned, in the province of Quebec, were also handled at times. The Montreal plant was operated night and day for many months at a capacity of 1,000 to 1,100 tons in twenty-four hours. Later on the purchase of oats was added to the hay business. The oats were required in bags containing 80 pounds each. Bagging facilities were installed bj' the railway and elevator companies to meet the situation at Port McNicoll, Midland, Port Colborne, Kingston, at the four ^Montreal elevators, and at West St. .John, N.B. The oats were purchased largely through brokers on the Winnipeg Grain Exchange, shipped in bulk to the bagging points, and then forwarded to Montreal or the winter ports for overseas shipment. IVIillions of bags were purchased for this purpose, for which the raw material was mostly imported from Calcutta. In 1915 the purchase of flour was addedc to that of forage, and in such quantities that every mill in Canada was invited to accept contracts. A mere statement as to the quantities and values of these articles purchased and shipped overseas through this agency will suffice to show the enormous amount of business tran.sacted. TOT.AX VOLUME OF BUSINESS. Tons. Value. Hay. . Totals 481,250 1.300.418 492,391 i 11.442,563 46 Oats... Flour... .'T. / ....rfi 52,231,441 63 34,957,563 36 2.274.059 98,631,568 45 The figures given above represent 76,49.5,221 bushels of oats, and 12,309,776 bags of fiour (80 pounds each for which approxima ely 24.000,000 bushels of wheat were required. These large transactions were carried out, as far as the management and accounting were concerned, by the regular staff of the Dairj- Branch, without any outside assistance except that of a flour expert sent out by the War Office to assist in the handling of that commodity. 15—2 18 Ji:i'Mrr\n:\r or m.uki i.rt in: n GEORGE V, A. 1921 A firm of cluirtcicil aicouiitaiits was ciuploycd to audit tlicsf accounts of cxpciuliturcs, and tlicir final rcjiort was as follows:^ — Ottawa, April 15, H»2(). The Honourable, The Minister of A<;n(ult \u'c, Ottawa. SiK, — We have the iiouour to rcjiort that, ha\int£ lieen aj)pointed in July, 1917, to audit, on hehalf of the Rritisli War Office, the accounts of expenditures by the Deimrtment of Agriculture, through the Dairy ("omniissioner, for the purchase of hay. oats and flour, we have checked in detail vf)uchers cf)verino; all disbursements for merchandise purchased, for necessary operating supplies, and fports, however, (the first of November, 1917), were subjnitted from time to time, and in connection with each report the amounts cre(literox- imately $1,500. REPORT OF THE MIMi-TER 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 PROVINCIAL SEED EXHIBITIONS Following are the provincial seed exhibitions and subventions paid thereon: New Brunswick $366 66 Quebec 484.00 Ontario. Guelph 400 00 Ottawa... (iOO 00 Manitoba 600.00 Saskatchewan 343 .00 Subventions paid were about $500 less than the previous year. Alberta did not eonduct an exhibition in 1919, while the three Maritime Provinces con- ducted an exhibition jointly at Fredericton, N.B., known as the Maritime Seed Fair. ASSISTANCE TO CANADIAN SEED GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. Financial support to the work of the Canadian Seed Growers' Association was continued during the year to the extent of $7,500 from the Seed Branch appropriation. The last annual report of the association shows 412 members and 1,644 other growers engaged in the production of registered and improved seeds. FIELD-ROOT AND VEGETABLE SEEDS By special arrangement the subvention available to British Columbia on account of field crop competitions and seed exhibitions was devoted to encour- aging the production of field root and vegetable seeds, which, because of climatic conditions, may be grown to better advantage there than elsewhere in Canada The expenditure for this purpose was $1,241.62, an equal amount being con- tributed by the provincial Department of Agriculture. During the past year a branch office was opened in Penticton, B.C., with Mr. A. McMeans, Seed Production Specialist, in charge. Stock seeds of field- root and vegetable seeds were purchased from the Experimental Farms Branch, the Ontario Agricultural College, and private growers in Eastern Canada, and distributed at cost for commercial seed production in British Columbia. Both the rootlings and growing seed crops are inspected in the field and the threshed and recleaned seed is finally certified for market. Canadian and British seed houses have supplied seed stocks and taken growing contracts for the product. Flower seeds^ especially .sweet peas, are also beir^g grown on this basis. The production by provinces of field root'and garden vegetable seeds in 1919 was as follows: — Prince Edward Island 5, 955 pounds Nova Scotia 6. 839 " New Brunswick 152 Quebec 1,120 " Ontario 166,760 British Columbia. .. . 150,000 " Production in Ontario was confined chiefly to sugar-beet seed, while the Maritime Provinces and Quebec produced swede turnip seed. The seed crop of British Columbia included most of the standard varieties of field roots and garden vegetables. SEED MARKETS REPORTINCi Market circulars were compiled and issued bi-monthly* during the trade season for grass and clover seeds. The information included a statement of the prospective supplies on the Canadian, United States and British markets, 22 hEi'MnvKM or AnuKi'i/rrh-i: 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 with furrcut iimrkct values, both wliolosalc and retail. Caiuuliaii seed dealers, fanners' organizations and fanners received tlie circulars and sui)plied inforniatiun on domestic market conditions, while the Buj'eau of Markets, Washington, I).C\, and the Canadian Trade Commissioner, London, England, su|)])lied infor- mation relative to seed prices, supply and tleinand in the United States and Cireat Britain respectively. This service has proven a valuable means of facilitating .seed distribution to the advantage of Canadian growers and the seed trade. SEED M.\RKET.S E.VTENSION Effective assistance was rendered by Canadian Trade Commissioners e.stablished in secnl imi)orting countries, who supplied up-to-date lists of foreign .seed houses as prospective customers for Canadian seeds. The firms whose names were obtained in this way were communicated with, their seed recjuire- ments listeil and placed before C'anadian exporters. This action, it is conceded, has resulted in increased export of seeds to the liiited States, Great Britain. France and Newfoundland. Approximately 100,000 bushels of fibre fiax seed worth about a million dollars, w^as exported to Irelalid this season. Gradu;dly l)ut surely the Canadian seed supply should be increased to meet the growing demand for reliable northern-grown seed. The 1919 crop of field root and garden vegetaijle seeds produced in British Columbia, amounting to 1.50,000 pounds, was marketed through timely organiza- tion of the United Seed Growers, Limited, Penticton, B.C. The disposal of the seed was facilitated through educational and direct advertising which attracted farmers and dealers to this source of supplj- of commendable Canadian- grown seed. Approximately 75,000 pounds of mangel, swede turnip and field carrot seed grown by the Experimental Farms Branch w-ere sold at current wholesale prices to the seed'trade of Canada, farmers' organizations and farmers. It was deemed advisable to confine the marketing of this seed to Canada, so that our farmers mi^l/t have the great advantage of using this high-quality seed. t'irculars covering the availability and relial)ility of seed potato supplies in the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Quebec, were an important factor in relieving the seed potato situation in the lirovince of Ontario, which had grave need of seed, following a poor crop last 3-ear. HOME-GROWN VS. IMPORTED SEED During the season of 1919, demonstrations were condui'ted on one hundred and seventeen farms in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, the object lieing to determine the comparative values of mangel and swede turnip seed of Canadian production and seed of foreign origin. Home-grown seed was sup))lied the demonstrators in quantity to sow one-half an acre of each crop. Tliey were required to sow seed of the same variety but of imported origin, and procured from ordinary trade channels. The seed from l)oth sources was sown the .same day, side by side in the same field and given identical cultural treatment. The farmers were required to repurt their observations and conclusions on the crop results, and their reports indicate that C^anidian-grown seed gave in the majority of demonstrations superior crops, both as to quality and yields obtained. Seed Testing Division. The object of seed testing is to determine as much as possible about the crop that may result from the use of a given lot of seed. Crop .yields are dependent to a considerable extent on soil and climatic conditions, l)ut the liEVOnr OF THE MIMSTER 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 crop cannot be good if the -seed is lacking in essential qualities. Good seed must be vital and capable of producing strong, vigorous plants; it should belong to a variety suited to the conditions under which it is to be grown; it should be free from the seeds of objectionable weeds and should not contain the spores of dangerous plant diseases. Vitality, variety, purity and freedom from disease are among the qualities of seeds which can be studied l)y lalioratory methods. SEED L.\BORATORIES. Seed laboratories are now maintained at Ottawa, Winnipeg and Calgary. The Ottawa laboratory was established in 1902 for the immecHate purpose of contlucting an investigation into the condition of the seed trade. The Calgary laboratory was opened in 1907, and the one at Winnipeg in 1918. The ser\-ice provided by these laboratories has proven so valuable to farmers, seedsmen, and others, that new laboratories will have to he opened as soon as competent men can be secured and trained to direct them. NATURE OF TEST.-5. Samples are listed as frade, customs, official and investigation, depending on the source from which they are received and the object for which the inform- ation is reciuired. Trade samples are those received from farmers, merchants, and institutions such as seed growers' associations, experiment stations, agricultural colleges, agricultural offices, and similar organizations whose object is the improvement of Canadian agriculture. Customs samples are sent by Customs officials in connection with the importation Order in Council. Official samples are taken by seed inspectors from lots of seed suspected of being sold in violation of the Seed Control Act. Prosecutions are based on the results of the analysis of official samples. Many lines of investigation are carried out by the laboratory as explained below and involve the making of many thousand special or investigation tests each year. NUMBER OF TESTS MADE. The following table indicates the number of samples of various Idnds tested during the past seed testing year and also for the portion of the present seed testing sea.son falling within the fiscal year just closed: — Seed Testing Year. — July 1 1918-June 30 , 1919.^ July 1 1919-Mar. 31 1920. ! Ottawa. Winnipeg. Calgary. Ottawa. Winnipeg. | Calgary. Trade 12.734 2,918 350 4.697 •9,219 9,596 564 474 946 10.852 1,929 40 160 1 4,349 1 845 26 1 530 1 7,881 806 Official Investigation 1.044 284 132 473 Total 20,699 10.547 11.580 12,981 j -5.750 1 9,292 •Customs samples were included with trade samples last year at Winnipeg. The laboratory was opened on October 15. 191S. consequently only five and a halt months are covered by these figures. 24 TiKI'MlTMF.Sr (If Mllilit l/IVKF. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 INVKSTKiATIONS. Samples of wheat, oats, barley, timothj' and clovers stored in the laboratorj' for several years have been tested for vitality each year since they were har- vested. Most of the seeds in some of the samples have now lost their vitality, hut in other cases the percentage of viable seeds is still quite high. The results to date have been summarized in a paper entitled " Longevity of the Seeds of Certain of our Farm Crops," prepared by Mr. H. B. Sifton, M.A., for presenta- tion at the annual meeting of the Association of Official Seed Analysts at St. Louis, December 29 and 30, 1919. A report of another investigation w:is pre- pared for presentation at the same meeting by Mr. J. R. Dymontl, M.A., under the title " Colour Characteristics of Red Clover Seed." Mr. J. R. Fryer, M.A., of the Calgary laboratory, continued his investi- gation on the effect of frost on the germination and other ciualities of western cereals, particularly oats. A report of his results to date was presented at a meeting held in Sa.skatoon of those interested in crop production in Western Canada. Another investigation had for its object the determination of the differences in germination of timothj- and clover seed samples graded No. 1, No. 2 or No. 3, on account of the general quality of the seed. Many tests were made to determine the variations occurring when different quantities are used in making purity tests, and also to determine the variations between different parts of bags, liins and other bulk lots of seed. Investigations to discover improved methods of \ntalitj' testing or to make the results of a seed test of greater value to the sender of the sample are being carried out constantly, especially during the summer and early autumn, when the routine work of the laboratories is lightest. EDUCATION.\L 'WORK. Agricultural representatives and continuation and high schools, conducting courses in weed seed identification and seed testing, have been supplied with material for illustrating the work. There is a large and steady demand for the reference collections of one hundred kinds of economic and weed seeds, formerly put up by this branch. During the war, on^iccount of the impossi- bility of securing certain essential parts entering into the manufacture of the cases, the putting up of these collections was discontinued. There is still a considerable demand for the expensive illustrated book " Farm Weeds of Canada," which has been out of print for a number of years. Bulletin S-S containing illustrations in black and white and much of the essential information contained in " Farm Weeds," has been in such demand that the edition is almost exhausted, and a revision of the material has been imdertaken with the object of issuing a revised edition of this valuable publication. FEEDING STUFFS. Further investigations into the nature of feeding stuffs cooiroonly sold in Canada for the purpose of feeding live stock, including poultry, have been carried out. Grain products, such as those of wheat, flax, oats, corn and barley, mixed, unmixed, or combined with other substances and offered for sale either under brand names, unnamed, or designated according to use, as, for instance, dairy feeds, poultry feeds, etc., have been examined in co-oper- ation with the Experimental Farms Branch. Microscopical examination of over four hundred representative samples of such feeds have shown only approximately five per cent to be entirelj' free from weed seeds. Ninety-three per cent of the samples contained either ground REPORT OF THE MINIiriTER 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 or whole seeds of the Mustard famih-. This group inchides. in addition to many forms stronglj- suspected of being harmful, three well-established poison- ous species: Wild, Tumbling, and Worm-seed Mustard, and these were found respectively in thirty, six, and two per cent of the samples. Seeds other than the Mustards, but likewise suspected of being deleterious to stock, were found in fourteen per cent of the samples. Purple Cockle and Cow Cockle, two recognized poisonous forms, were together present in eighteen per cent of the total number of feeds examined. ^loreover, ^'ital seeds of noxious weeds, mostly of a deleterious or poisonous nature, were present in twent}--nine per cent of the feeds. FEED EX.\MINATION FOR FARMERS. Either the refusal of a feed by stock, or the harmful or fatal consequence resultant upon feeding it has caused a number of farmers to forward samples with a request for a report on the ingredients contained. Several samples have also been forwarded by various institutions which are not in a position to make the requisite examination. During the past year nearly one hundred samples, including bran and shorts, mixed feeds, condimental concentrates, gluten and molasses feeds, as well as oil cake and dairy feeds, etc., have been received from farmers. Of these fifty-nine per cent were found to contain weed seeds know to be poisonous while fifty-seven per cent also contained seeds which are classed as deleterious. For the most part, these seeds were so finely ground that they could not be detected or identified without the use of a microscope. However, in some feeds coarsely ground seeds were found and over forty-four per cent actually contained ^^tal weed seeds of the noxious sorts. Apart from the fact that ninety per cent of the.se consist of harmful species from the standpoint of nutrition, there is the further danger of spreading weeds through the seeds ■withstanding the digestive processes. In addition to the weed and seed content of the feeds, certain deleterious fungi have bee« discovered in several samples. The poisonous Ergot is especiallj- noticeable, and a species of Aspergillus found in a particular sample seems to have been the cause of considerable loss to one farmer. In view of the price asked for feeds the character of the ingredients com- prising them has often proved surprising. Instances might be cited of refuse screenings mixed with a little molasses, tankage and bran, selling at -158 per ton, and of bran mixed ■ft'ith screenings selling at S60. Clover screenings con- taining 4,560 weed seeds of one kind per ounce have been found to comprise bj' far the greater portion of a so-called " Stock Tonic."' Oil cake meal has been found to contain a high percentage of ground cocoa shells, while bran has been brought nearer the chemical standard for shorts by the addition of hnseed meal. FEED CONTROL. The demand for more efficient control ot feeding stuffs, especially in reference to their content of vital and deleterious weed seeds, has developed very rapidly of late years, and live stock organizations have passed several resolutions in reference to this matter. The study of feed^control laws and regulations and their administration in other countries has been continued. As a result of the studies and investigations carried out, the Department is now in possession of information and the nucleus of an organization for bringing the feed trade under its inspection and control. Seed Inspection Division. In addition to the established work, several new lines have been organized and put into effect by the Seed Inspection Division during the past j-ear. A 26 TtKI'MtTMKM- OF xaUKIUUItE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 lU'W Order in (\)uncil under the Seed Control Act was passed on September 10 last, detining grades for seed grain, sweet clover, flax and other seeds and making provision for more effective inspection. I'nder the ))owers of this Order in Council inspection of seed oats has been conducted at shipjiing points on the basis of the seed grade standards, and fibre flaxseed grown in Ontario and shipped to Ireland has been inspected under guarantee of (piality in accordance with No. 1 seed standard. The work previously conducted by this division and continueil during the jiast year includes the applying of importation regulations, fixing general quality standards for the variou^s grades of clover and grass .seed, grading samples submitted to the laboratories for test, iusj)ection of the seed trade iji connectioti with the enforcement of the Seed Control Act and the inspect- ion of -seed grain received info and shippeil from Government elevators by the Seed Purchasing Commission or other dealers. t)RDER IN COUNCrL UNDER SEED CONTROL ACT. The new Order in Council under the Seed Control Act is based on experience in connection with the enforcement of this Act during the past ten yearsr The system of grading as applied to clover and timothy seeds under the Seed Control Act of 1911, has proven very satisfactory from the standpoint of both tlie trade and the purchasing public, and numerous requests have been received to have grades defined for other kinds of seed. During the past three seasons special seed grades have been defined liy Order in Council for wheat, oats and barley. These grades have lieen applied principally in connection with seed grain handled by the Seed Purchasing Commission and the standards have been varied some- what from year to year. Under the Order in Council passed September 10, 191il, standards are defined for seed whe-at. oats, barley and rye, flaxseed and seed corn. Provision is also made for grading the seeds of sweet clover, white clover, grasses and millet under the regulations and grade standards defined for timothy, red clover and alfalfa seed in the Seed Control Act. The Order in Council also makes some changes in the list of weed seeds which are considered noxious under the Seed Control Act and in the percentage germination standards recog- nized for good seed of various kinds. ' INSPECTION OF SEED 0.\.TS. For .several years there has been a demand from the trade for inspection of .seed grain at shipping points. The Order in Council referred to above provides the standards and necessary authority for giving this service under approved conditions. This spring there was a shortage of seed oats in Ontario and Quebec and a surplus in Prince Edward Island. Purchasers in Ontario and Quebec were anxious to secure .seed oats of defined tiuality and under a reliable guarantee. A seed inspector was placed at the principal elevator and shipping point in Prince Edward Island who examined the oats offered at the cleaning plants and gave an opinion on whether or not they could be cleaned for seetl. The oats were cleaned under inspection and if up to the seed standard they were passed and when loaded into the car a certificate was issued to the owner which was passed on to the purchaser. \'ery gratifying reports have been received both by ship- pers and purchasers in regard to this system of inspection with the request that it l)e continued. FIBRE FLAX SEED INSPECTION. With the object of maintaining and raising the reputation of Canadian grown fil>re flaxseed in the Irish market, a system of inspection was applied last season which has given very satisfactory results. Nearly all of the flax growers agreed to have their stock tested and inspected by the Seed Branch before ship- BEI'ORT OF Tlir: MIMSTFR 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ping it to Ireland, provided that the l)ags containing the seed would be branded to indicate that the seed had been inspected and passed by an authorized Cana- dian Government official. It was agreed that certificates would be issued only for No. 1 Flax Seed which has a very high puritj- standard and a minimum germination of ninety per cent. When the growers had flaxseed ready to shij) the Toronto office of the Seed Branch was notified and the inspector secured samples which were forwarded to the Ottawa laboratory for test. If the purity and germination I of a sample were sufficiently high for No. 1 grade the inspector carefully examined the whole lot from which it was taken to see that it conformed with the sample tested, and if so the bags were sealed and marked "Grade No. 1" with the certificate number. A certificate in tluplicate was issued to the grower for the lot, one of which was forwarded to the purchaser. This method of inspect- ion was highly approved by the Department of Agriculture for Ireland and as- sisted materially in securing the market for Canadian seed. GRADE FOR SEED CORN'. The Ontario Corn Growers' Association and individuals interested in growing and marketing seed corn in southwestern ()ntario have, for several years, urged the passing of a regulation designed to give Canadian grown seed corn the benefit of distinction respecting place of growth when being marketed in competition with seed corn grown farther south. The Order in Council passed last Septemlier defines a standard for No. 1 seed corn and requires that any corn sold under this grade shall be marked to show the province or state in which it was grown. SEED IMPORTATION REGULATIONS. The seed importation regulations which were first applied in November, 1918, have continued in effect and have been very beneficial iij preventing the importation of inferior seed. Foreign dealers now realize that they cannot ship seed'of inferior qualitj' to Canada and the tendency to use this country as a dumping ground has been checked. The regulations have been applied with very little inconvenience to the trade in securing delivery of imported stocks. GRADING SEED SAMPLES. The general qualitj- standards for the various grades of clover and gra.ss seed were fixed following a conference with a conmiittee of the wholesale seed trade held in October. The general policy has been to make the standards conform as closely as possible to the actual seeding value of the seed. It is recognized that with clover and alfalfa seed particularly, the place of growth and strain of seed are of great importance as indicating hardiness, and the grade standards have been fixed to prevent as far as possible discriminating against homegrown seed which may not be as good in appearance as imported stock of southern origin. The work of the inspection division includes grading all of the samples received at the laboratories for test. The grading is based on the purity analysis and germination test reports issued by the seed laboratories, combined with the general quality standards fixed by the inspection division. Samples for grading are compared with the standard samples of the grades. Samples of the standards on which the grades are ba.sed are distributed to the trade. SEED INSPECTION. The usual work in connection with the inspection of the trade for the enforcement of the Seed Control Act has been continued. This includes the 28 UKI'MtTMKM Hi M;HliVi:iil{F. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 occasional inspection of stock being carried l)y the wholesale trade and visiting retail dealers, farmers' cluhs and individual farmers who are offering seed for sjile. Since the Seed Control Act came into effect there has Keen a continuous improvement in the quality of seed supplied through the wholesale trade. This year there has been a scarcity of clover seed, but the quality in respect to purity is probably higher than ever before in so far as the seed distributed by the wliolesale trade is concerned. In the seed-growing districts there is an increas- ing tendency for farmers and farmers' clubs to deal in seed among themselves. As a rule these clubs and individuals are not provided with efficient cleaning machinery and seed of a lower purity standard than that supjjlied by the whole- sale trade is handled, and as a consequence there are more violations of the Seed Control Act. The trade inspection also includes paper packet seeds. The policy has been to secure a number of representative samples early in the season. These are tested for germination and the results indicate whether any particular kinds or varieties are likely to require special attention. ELEV-\TOR INSPECTION. Inspection of seed grain at the Canadian Government elevators has been contin,ued. This service is available to all who desire to make use of it but has been taken advantage of principally by the Seed Purchasing Commission. During the past season seed inspectors have been maintained at the Govern- ment interior terminal elevators at Calgary, Moosejaw and Saskatoon. Grain which is suitable for seed when cleaned is approved by the seed inspector and separately binned. This grain when cleaned to seed standard is sacked or loaded in bulk and the inspectors issue an ex-elevator seed certificate covering each carload. All of the seed grain purchased aad sold by the Seed Purchasing Commission has been handled in this way by the Seed Inspection Division. The seed grain handled by the Seed Purchasing Commission is purchased and sold without samples or guarantee except that carried by the seed inspection certificate. The Seed Pirchasinc; Commission. The Seed Purchasing Commission discontinued its activities in Eastern Canada, but because of partial crop failure in southern Alberta and south- western Saskatchewan it wa? deemed advisable to continue its services for the Prairie Provinces. The constitution of the Canadian Wheat Board, which was established in Julj-, 1919, also contemplated the continuation of the Seed Purchasing Commission, and provided for the co-operation of the two organiza- tions in retaining and distributing in various parts of Canada such wheat as might be necessary for the 1920 seeding. For obvious reasons the business year of the Seed Purchasing Commission cannot be conveniently brought to' a conclusion until September. The balance sheet covering the three j*ears up to September, 1919, shows an expenditure in the purchase of grain for seed of §11,896,540.96. There has been refunded to the Receiver General, $11,903,437.76, and in addition the commission held assets, including seed grain in storage, amounting to $51,184.04. What is more important, the commission has succeeded admirably during these difficult years in protecting agriculture in all parts of Canada against seed shortage of any kind of staple crop, and further, there has been general satis- faction regarding the quality of the seed purchased and distributed. In co-operation with the Canadian Wheat Board the commission took delivery at the Canadian Government interior terminal elevators during the months of September, October, and November, of approximately one million bushels of wheat. All that was clean and otherwise suitable for seed was separatelj' binned and retained for that purpose. Greater difficulties were HEPORT Of THE MlXIt^TER 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 experienced in securing an adequate supply of good seed oats and barley, but the commissioh succeeded in procuring over a million bushels of seed oats of good quality, which was estimated a.s sufficient to meet the requirements through- out the districts that suffered severely from drouth. There has been advanced to the commission for this year's business over three and a half miUion dollars, and as all sales are made subject to cash pay- ment, all of this money will be promptly returned to the Receiver General. In the conduct of this work the department has beeii fortunate in having a staff of experienced men who have been. able to provide a service highly acceptable to farmers and farmers' organizations, and without incurring financial loss to the Government. LIVE STOCK BRANCH. Horse Division. the horse industry. In 1914 when war broke out the horse population of Canada was approxi- mately 3,000,000. The population for 1919 is estimated at 3,667,000, or an increase of approximately 700,000 for the five years. The great increase in numbers has taken place in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. In 1914 in these provinces there were in round numbers 610,000 and 520,000 respectively. In 1919 the numbers have increased to 1,000,000 and 800,000 respectively. Unfortunately much of the original stock as well as the increase were the kind for which there is no demand and not likely ever to be a remunerative market. These horses are proving; to be a liability rather than an asset to the country. They are consuming feed that would bring a very con,siderable amount of money if fed to cattle or sheep or to horses possessing size and conformation such as the market demands. The time has come when it is necessary for the horse breeders of Canada to take stock and to weed out the scrubs and culls. The country cannot afford to feed them. From now on horsemen should raise only such horses as have a place in the economic development of the country or for which a ready foreign market may bc/ found at remunerative prices. During the years 1914 to 1919 inclusive Canada imported all told 5,089 pure-breds; of this number 3,120 were stallions. From Great Britain came 302 stallions and 235 mares; from European countries, 45 stallions and 15 mares, and from the United States, 2,773 stallions and 1,719 mares. It will be noticed that out of the 5,089 brought into the country 4,492 were imported from the United States. Judging from the importations Canada has a great home market of her own for pure-breds required for breeding purposes. If the 3,120 pure-bred stallion,s imported during the last six years were true to type, of good conformatioii, sound, free from hereditary disease and possessed the size required particularly in the draught breeds, they would undoubtedly do much to improve the horse stock of the country and particularly of the western provinces into which they were taken. Unfortunately, there is good reason to believe that many of these animals lacked the characteristics which would have made them good sires. In one province in 1919 in the neighbourhood of fifty (50) stallions were examined under the federal assistance policy by the Livestock Branch. Of this number at least half had been exam- ined and passed the year before. Of the remainder examined for the first time that year, thirteen horses were rejected for various unsoundnesses, generally with bad conformation. Of these thirteen horses twelve were imported. As clubs usually hire the best in the district it is reasonable to estimate that a very high percentage of the imported horses are inferior specimens. This is further borne out by information received from various sources concerning the horses that are standinjg for service in the country. Canadian breeders cannot 30 UF.i'MtTMF.M OF .\i:i{ii I i.ri in: 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 afford at this tinic to use lioinVlinds of i)oor ty))i'. imicli less to import |)oor ones for l)rci'(liiig i)uri)()ses. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO HORSE BREEDINC. During tlie year 1919 tho policy of paying a percentage of the service fees to clubs that hiretl piire-hred stallion^s was continued. This policy is slowly hut surely bringing about the results for which it was inaugurated, namel>-. to make the keeping of a good stallion a jiaying proposition to the owner and at the same time to enable clubs to obtain the services of such a stallion at a reasonable service fee. The club system is fostering community breeding. It also enables districts to stick to one breed and grade up tlu4r horse stock along definite lines; Already in some of the districts horse sales have been held, where many of the horses offered were advertised as the colts of certain club stallion,*. These sales are likely to become an annual event. They will undoubtedly prove beneficial to both buyer and seller: To the buyer l)ecause he knows that he is assured of obtaining a certain number of well-bred horses of a certain size and type and to the seller through the fact that he is able to get ready sale in a co- operative way for his surplus stock, because buyers will come to the district where they are sure of getting a fair number of the class of horse required. This policy has been the means of inducing several importers to bring in better stallions than heretofore. The careful inspection which is given all stallions hired by clubs is already proving beneficial. The weeding out of undesirabjes whether sound or unsound is educating the lireeders to select only the best. There is also the good obtained through community breeding of a uniform type of horse. The stallion owner is also learning that the good big ones are wanted. Once the horse industry gets back to normal conditions the policy will be still more valuable and will do evea more to improve the horse stock of the country. Cattle Division, distribution of pl^re-bred bulls. Since 1013 the Live Stock Branch has been loaning pure-bred bulls to specially organized associations in newly settled districts and in backward sections in the older provinces. Up to the end of December, 1919, the number of bulls so loaned total 2,531. In districts in which the department's bulls have been standing for service for several seasons, improvement in the young stock and in the stock annually marketed is to-day very noticeable. Many districts to which bulls were loaned five or six years ago have since increased their cattle holdings to such an extent that farmers have been warranted in purchasing pure-l)rcd bulls of their own. Accorc^ingly, each \-ear a number of the department's sires are released by associations and are available to .send on to more needy districts. It is of interest to note that when a bull's usefulness as a sire is over he is by no means a total loss to the department. During the calendar year of 1919 the proceeds received from the sale of 426 bulls amounted to 67 per cent of their original cost as registered sires. As a result of campaigns now under way in the different provinces to eliminate the scrub bull, it is not unlikely that the demand for the loan of bulls under the distribution policy will be greatly increased. The stimulating effect of the as.sistance rencTered under its terms to many backward districts during t)hc past few years justifies the belief that it may be still further extended with great-profit to the cattle industry. The following table indicates the total number of bulls purchased for each province under the distribution policy during each year of its operation, and the total cost of each year's purchases: — REroltT OF THE MIMSTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 m2S §2 §2 COCOO'—OOOOOSt- oo'ift — iC ■^' iC t-'t-' « 5 tC iC O >ft li? "b b- ^ O h-vCq -^ t-^ so »o -^ "^ o ^ 3 *0 O C^ « »« C 3 >c «b d *ft 00 "= m2 COO!? Si o2 ^ir OK — mi II ill 32 DKIWHTMF.M l>y MiHiri I.Ttm: 11 GEORGE V. A. 192f CARLOT POLICY. Under the ti'iins of the carlot policy, the Live Stock Brunch i)ays rcasonuljle travelUuK oxpense?! of a farmer residing in Canada, or the authorized agent of farmers residing in Canada, purchasing .stoci< at central stock, yards for return to country points. In Eastern Canada assistance under the pt>hcy is confined to stock yards' ])urcha.ses of female breeding stock, cattle, shec]), or hogs. In Western Canada it covers stocker and feeder cattle in addition to breeding stock. This policy has been in effect at the .stock yards in Western Canada since the fall of 191(), but on the yards at Toronto and Montreal it has been effective only since May 1, 1918. There is no question that this policy has played a very important part in encouraging the return of unfinished cattle and sheep to country points for further feeding and also in the return of young female breeding stock, particularly from yards in Western Canaila. In addition it has been a very valuable educational agency in that its terms have encouraged farmers' from all over the country to visit the yards and to become acciuainted with methods of doing bu.siness at these points. As fche following statement indicates, over 100,000 head of cattle and over 20,000 head of sheep have been shipped back to country points under the carlot policy dturinjg the last three j'ears : — TOTAL CAR LOT SHIPMENTS TO DECEMBER 31, 1919. Steers. Heifers. Sheep. 1916 (3 months) 1917 1918 : 1919 6,208 11.334 20. 703 21,908 3,113 10.411 t 18.743 i 16.710 1,407 1,800 7.978 9.865 60,153 48,979 21.050 That the policy is not an extravagant one is indicated by the fact that during the past three years the cost to the department of all cattle shipped under its terms has averaged only 59 cents per head and for all sheep only 184 cents per head. It is estimated that at a total expenditure to date of less than $75,000, this policv has already benefited the live stock industrv to the extent of approxi- mately -Si.OOO.OOO. FREE FREIGHT POLICY. The Free Freight policy which has been in operatit)n since the fall of 1917. was inaugurated by the Live Stock Branch in co-operation with the railway companies of Canada with a view to preventing, as far as possible, the slaughter or exportation of useful heifers, yoimg ewes, and young sows offertxi for sale on the open market at the central stock yards. L'nder this policy it has been possible to ship from the stock yards to country points female breeding stock of the classes mentioned without payment liy the purchaser of freiglit charges on .same provided the stock was not purchased for speculative puqioses. While this policy has been in operation only slightly over two years, it has already had a tremendous influence on trading at the different yards. It has been very widely taken advantage of by farmers anxious to secure breeding stock aiul there is no question that it has been one of the most important factors in i)romoting the return to country points of practically all useful females offered on the yards at Edmonton, Calgarj' and Winnipeg during the past two years. REPORT OF THE MIMf^TER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Shipments under the terms of the pohcy from the time of its inception, September 21, 1917, to December 31, 1919, numbered as follows: — Ex Stock Yards. Heifers. Ewes. Sows. 20,514 18,761 17, 159 1,717 164 7,770 25,348 7,741 9,997 452 155 195 58,315 51,308 350 Of the above^totals, shipments for the calendar vear of 1919 number 25,983 heifers and 21,828 ewes. SPECIAL RELIEF POLICY. The serious shortage of feed existing in certain sections of the western pro- vinces as a result of the extreme drought of the 1918 season, called for immediate assistance to needy stockmen in the dried out districts, in order to avoid the sacrifice of great numbers of live stock and the consequent enormous loss, not only to individual stock owners, but to the whole live stock industry of Western Canada. To meet this situation, what is known as the Special Rehef policj' was put into effect on July 23, 1918. This policy provided for the federal department and the railway companies sharing on an equal basis the freight charges on stock shipped to feeding grounds, on haying outfits shipped to points where feed was obtainable and on feed ship- ments into the dry areas. The same concession applied on return shipments of stock and haying outfits. The cost of this movement to the department h^s amounted to approximately $465,000. The western provinces experienced another drouth in 1919, the feed shortage being even more acute and \ddespread than in 1918. A relief policy, similar to the one in force the preceding season, was accordingly put into effect, on August 2. Under this poHcy freight charges on ha^-ing outfits and feed have been borne on an equal basis by the federal department, the provincial departments and the railways. On shijiments of stock to feeding grounds the federal and provincial departments each paid one-half of the freight, except in Saskatchewan where the freight was paid by the shipper. On return shipments of stock the railways paid fifty per cent and the federal and provincial departments each paid twenty- five per cent. On shipments over the Edmonton Dunvegan and British Colum- bia railway and the Alberta and Great Waterways railway, the federal and Alberta departments absorbed equally all freight on haying outfits, stock, and feed shipments. Owing to but a limited area in ^Manitoba having been affected by drought, the movement in that province has been comparatively small. Western Saskat- chewan, however, has taken material advantage of the policy, while in Alberta shipments authorized between August 2, 1919, and ISIarch 31, 1920, include some 175,000 tons of feed, 18,000 head of cattle and 100 carloads of haj'ing outfits RECORD OF PERFORMANCE. During the past year the most important development in cormection with the Record of Performance, was the passing of resolutions at the annual meetings of the Ayrshire and Hoist ein-Freisian Associations that " a 305-day test with a 15—3 34 DEPARTMENT Of AUIilriUiliE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 calving requirement of 400 days, be added to tlie Record of Performance and tiiat the calving reciuirement in the 8()o-day test lie eliminated." These resolirtions have been forwarded to the Live Stock ("ommissioner for ratification. The 305-day test should prove of great advantage to those wlio wish to have tiieir cows freshen regularly each year, whereas the 3tto-day open test will give the exceptionally high-producing cows every opportunity to mak(> maximum rectirds. The standards for qualification in the 365-day test will be considerably higher than for the 305-day test, e.g., the standard of qualification for a mature Holstcin cow will he as follows: — 305-day test 10.500 .365^ay open test | . 12.000 357 408 > Although the shortage of help on dairy farms has been only slightly allevi- ated during the past year, and the cost of milk production has in many instances been prohibitive, the number of cows ent(>red for the Record of Performance test was considerably higher than in any previous year. Two thousand, one hundred and ninety-two c'ows were entered for the test during the year 1919-20, which is five hundred and eighty-one more than the previous year. The following is a brief summary of the work for the year: — Number of cows entered for the test- Ayrshire 752 French-Canadian 30 Guernsey 33 Holstein-Friesian 767 Jersey 455 Shorthorn. 155 Total 2, 192 Number of cows qualified — Ayrshire 176 French-Canadian 8 Holstein-Friesian 217 Jersey 96 Shorthorn. 61 Total 558 Number of bulls qualified — Ayrshire 5 Holstein-Friesian 6 Jersey. 3 APPENDIX. The records tabulated in the appendix to the annual report are for cows which have produced sufficient milk and butter fat to qualify, but which have failed to freshen within fifteen months after the commencement of the test. Ayrshire 40 French Canadian 1 Guernsey 3 Holstein-Friesian 75 Jersey 25 Shorthorn 15 Total 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 REPORT OF TEE iliyiSTER Poultry Division. The Poultry Di^-ision has endeavored to build up and organize a staff which has been and ■will be in a position to give to a national industry such as that of poultn' rearing and the marketing of the products a supervision and an oversight comparable to that which should obtain in successful business enterprises. In the arrangement of the work as affecting the development of the poultry industrj-, the idea of perfecting a business organization has been developed to the point of standarclizing the product and the providing of a system of inspec- tion by approval to insure a uniform article going forward. A comprehensive markets intelligence service has been worked out, and the mechanical part of collecting and marketing the product has been fostered through the medium of co-operative associations, through the extended instruction and demonstra- tion in the art of candhng, in the advocating of better methods of handling, more care in packing and loading, etc. The matter of economical production and costs is being approached through the policy of stock improvement, more eggs per bird, more eggs per pound of food fed, while the financial part of the programme is being followed up by a plea for greater production to make the poultry industry a real important factor in the liquidation of Canada's war debt, and the collection of statistics which will more properh' correlate costs and sales prices, which accurate, definite information can be used, if necessarj-, as a basis for credits for the still greater expansion of the industry. THE APPLICATION OF THE EGG REGL"XATIOXS UNDER THE STOCK PRODUCTS ACT." LHE STOCK AND LIVE The egg regulations under the " Live Stock and Live Stock Products Act " provide for the standardization of Canadian eggs and specify and define in detail the names and definitions of the various classes and grades. Table I is a table of inspections made during the calendar year, 1919. Table II gives a comparative summarv of inspections in the western section during 1918 and 1919. Table III is a comparative statement of export shipments bv months during 1918 and 1919. TABLE I— STATEMENT OF INSPECTIONS MADE DURING YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31. J;aSTEI1N SECTION'. Number inspections during month. Number shipments not approved during month. Number approved Number cases inspected during . month. Number cases inspected Januarj- . February March April May June July August September October November December. 15—3^ 32 94 140 no 46 102 134 160 192 279 407 505 549 2.406 7.640 11.141 2.3,298 12.418 9,070 9.536 40.019 .59,040 41,757 13,128 2,406 10,046 21,187 44,485 56,903 65,973 75,509 115,528 174,568 216,325 229,453 36 DEPARTMEST OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLli) 1— STATEMENT OF INSPECTIONS MADE DURING YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31. WESTERN SECTION. January February... March April May June July August September. October November. December.. Number inspections during month. Number shipments not approved during month. Number approved Number cases inspected during month. 1,433 Number cases inspected 63 123 169 216 231 247 278 295 305 26,421 27,854 27,794 55,648 19,201 74.849 23,271 98, 120 6,414 104,534 5,890 110.424 14,257 124,681 7,383 132,064 5.341 137,405 January February... March April May June July — August September. October November. December.. Total (1919) . (1918). 22 90 115 80 84 50 112 173 129 58 924 416 30 118 225 303 376 423 526 685 800 854 854 370 3,839 7,640 37,562 51,092 31,619 32,341 15,950 45.909 73.297 49.140 18.469 366.858 118.595 3.839 11,479 49,041 100,133 131,752 164,093 180,043 225,952 299,249 348,389 366,858 T.\BLE II— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF INSPECTIONS WESTERN SECTION MANITOBA, SASKATCHEWAN AND ALBERTA. June 1- April 1- Dec. 31, Dec. 31, inclusive. inclusive. 173 328 73 74 43 33 19 91 - 26 26 76 12 28 Number cars inspected Number shipped Montreal Number shipped Toronto Number shipped to British Columbia Number exported direct Number moved interprovincially between Prairie Provinces Number not approved for shipment The regulations became eSective June 1, 1918. REPORT OF THE MIMSTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 TABLE III— COMPARATIVE STATEMENT EXPORT SHIPMENTS. 37 Month. 1918. 1919. jio cases 931 " 269 " 6,151 " 9,955 " 907 " 7, 620 cases April 8,405 " May.. 18,523 " 4,995 " July . . 4,745 " 6,421 " 33,969 " 57,415 " 34,397 " 10.200 " Total.. 18, 553 cases. 186, 690 cases. Of the 186,690 cases exported, 74.376 were fresh eggs, 112,314 storage eggs. Of the fresh eggs, approximateh' 42 per cent were Extras, 56 per cent Firsts, 1 per cent Seconds. Of the .storage eggs approximately 11 per cent were Extras, 84 per cent Firsts, and 3 per cent Seconds. Only a limited quantity of specials were exported but indications are that considerable movement of specials will taiie place during the ensuing year. Owing to the fact that the railways and tran.sportation companies insist, as required by law, that certificates of in.spection be available for attachment to bills of lading, very few violations of the regulations have occurred. So far, in each instance where legal proceedings were necessary, definite convictions have been secured. All inspection is by approval at point of shipment. This method of inspec- tion has commended itself highly to the British importer and it is to the efficiency of the system, the methods followed, and the ability of the inspectors employed, that Canadian eggs have this year received such a distinct premium over the product of competitive countries on the British marl^et. At present the regulations apply mainly to export shipments. The inten- tion is to so amend the regulations as. to embrace a much larger proportion of eggs marketed within the country than is at present the case. It is also proposed to ask for the approval of regulations covering the standardization, marking and inspection of market poultry along lines similar to that followed in the egg regulations. EGG AND POULTRY MARKETS REPORTING. This work has advanced during the past year and what objections had been previously raised in connection with producers and shippers, in the western provinces not recei\ing the market information in time to be of the greatest advantage to them, have been met by the issuing of the Tri-weekly Reports from Edmonton for British Columbia and Alberta, and from Winnipeg for Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Requests for Weekly Egg and Poultr}' IMarkets Reports are received daily, and the issuing of this report now entails the printing of over twenty thousand sheets weekly. The Daily ISIarket Wire issued from Ottawa is also increasing in circulation, and those buyers who may still attempt to obtain supplies at prices calculated to be sufficient to meet the demands of producers ignorant of market conditions, now find they have to deal with people in possession of up-to-the-minute market information. This is resulting in placing the whole bujing and selling end of the poultry industrj' on a fairer and more businesslike basis. 38 DEPARTME\T OF AGRICOLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 During the ]iast year permanent correspondents have been secured in Clreat Britain, and at tlic present time the Live Stock Branch is probably the oidy institution in Canada receiving cable advices oti egg and poultrj' prices in Great Britain all the year rotjnd. This cable intelligence system has been of inestimable benefit to all handlers of eggs and poultry. At the Poultry Conference held in Ottawa March 18 and 19, the newly formed Canadian National Poultry Association passed a resolution which read in part as follows: — ; Whereas the reports of egg and poultry markets at present comjiiled and distributed by the Live Stock Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture have proved to be of inestimable benefit to producing and distributing Canadian poultry interests, Be it resolved that we express to the Live Stock Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture our sincere appreciation of such reports and jiledge our association's co-operation in the further extension of this work. It would seem desirable at this time to make what arrangements may be necessarj' to reach a greater number of those interested in the poultry industry. This would be a very difficult matter under the present system of distribution. but negotiations are now under way and it is hoped in the near future to have egg and poultry daily reports distributed to all parts of Canada through the Canadian Associated Press. CO-OPERATIVE MARKETING AND GENERAL PROPAGANDA. The past year has seen greater progress in co-operative marketing of eggs and poultry than any previous year. In Prince Edward Island the experimental stage and the stage of active departmental assistance has passed. The associa- tion stands on its own feet and is now a distinct, concrete demonstration of departmental activity in this coimection. While general assistance in the way of encouraging more people to become co-operators is being given, departmental officers in that field are directing their work more along propagandic lines and the assisting of producers by means of better culture and improved methods to realize the financial advantages accruing through co-operative effort. In New Brunswick and Nova Scotia the foundation is being laid. Arrange- ments are being made to link up co-operative sale in those provinces with the Sales Department of the Island Co-operative, and this fall a striking demonstra- tion of the usefulness of co-operation has been brought home to producers through the medium of market poultry fairs, at one of which producers disposed of in the neighbourhood of eight (8) tons of chickens and turkej's. A district poultry promoter has also been appointed in the province of Quebec. From reports at hand, it would appear that creameries in the pro\'ince of Quebec can be utilized as a very important collecting medium, especially in those districts where egg circles are not now in existence or where the volume of product available is not sufficient to warrant the employment of a special col- lector. Many of the creameries in Quebec are now affiliated wnth one or other of the large co-operative sales organizations in Quebec. In Ontario, after some changes and readjustments in the staff, the work has been established on a more secure footing and indications are that at an earh^ date an important union of existing centralized bodies will take place. One co-operative body, namely, the Dundas Co-operative, shipped upwards of fifteen (15) cars of eggs for export last year. The United Farmers, Limited, of Ontario, have also arranged to include an egg and poultry department in the commercial end of their organization. REPORT OF TEE MiyiSTER 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In no province has more rapid progress in co-operative marketing occurred than in British' Columbia, where during the past year a centralized association. known as the British Columbia Poultrymen's Union, has been organized and has engaged in active business operation since last July. The following extract from a letter from the secretary of the United Farmers of Alberta pays a useful tribute to the work in Alberta: — " The executive of the United Farmers of Alberta have instructed me to write expressing appreciation of the excellent work being done in this pro^^nce by the representatives' of the Dominion Poultry Branch. Ha^^ng seen some of the practical work being done by the Dominion poultry representatives in Alberta, and knowing that their work is highly valued and in great demand, especially among local associations of the United Farmers of Alberta, our executive believes that no more practical work for the immediate benefit of agriculture could be done by the depart- ment than by the prompt addition of two or three more good men to the staff already employed in this province." RECORD OF PERFORMAXCE FOR POULTRY. The Record of Performance for poultry is a policy planned to give point, direction and encouragement to the breeding of poultry along lines of greatly increased individual and flock production. This policy provides for systematic, periodic inspection of all flocks accepted for entry in the Record of Performance and provides for the issuing of a certificate of merit for each individual bird which produces 150 or more eggs in 52 consecutive weeks. Provision is also made for an advanced Record of Performance for each bird which produces 225 eggs in 52 consecutive weeks. The eggs of each bird must average 24 ounces to the dozen or over during the period of the test. This policy was launched in July last, and the first entries received and records commenced October 1. The following table gives particulars in detail of the number of bird.* entered, and the districts from which they come: — TABLE IV— PARTICULARS OF BIRD.S ENTERED IN RECORD OF PERFORMANCE FOR POULTRY. Province. i s.c.w. 1 Leghorns. W. Wyan- dot tes. B.P. Rocks. R.I. Reds. Other Varieties. Total. British Columbia \ 1.490 .; 143 381 106 .1 6 .1 aa 135 0 279 4 20 74 25 281 414 70 117 40 76 219 60 10 79 31 1,625 223 Ontario Quebec... 1,096 770 70 180 Prince Edward Island 246 Totals ! 2,271 517 907 395 120 Grand Total... 4,210 Particularly encouraging is the entry from the Maritime Provinces, where, previous to the launching of this policy, very few poultry were trap-nested except those on the Experimental Farms. IjicUcationg are that another year, when the benefits accruing from, and the purpose of the policy, become better known, the entries will be greatly increased. At a meeting of the Canadian National Poultry Association held in Ottawa in IMarch last, arrangements were made for incorporation of the associa- tion under the "Live Stock Pedigree Act", by which action it will be possible to 40 nKPAinVFXT OF AdltlcrLTCRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 provide for a Canadian National Poultry lii'cord under the jurisdiction of the National Records Board. The reciuirements for registration are of especial interest. In addition to the ordinary rctjuirenicnts as to purity of breeding, it is to be required that all females must have qualified in the Record ni Perform- ance for poultry before being eligible for registration. As in past years the different aspects of the work carried on by the Poultry Division have been featured at every large exhibition in Canada through the medium of exhibits. The main exhibit sent out last year featured " Increased Consumption," " Canadian Standards for Eggs," " The Egg Regulations under the ' Live Stock and Live Stock Products Act' ," " Co-operative Marketing,"' and '' Flock Improvement." This exhibit toured all the larger exhibitions from coast to coast. In addition, three smaller exhibits were also kept continually moving from place to place, and these have done a very useful and necessary work. They have been favourably commented upon by exhibition authorities and by visitors at the exhibitions. As an indication of the demand there is for these exhiliits. it may be pointed out that fair associations are now applying for them several months in advance. Last j-ear it was not possible to meet all the requests made for exhibits. Markets Intelligence Division, markets news service. stock yards service. Through the Markets Intelligence Di\'ision of the Live Stock Branch is administered the live stock markets policy, the objectives of which are: to remove as far as possible all conditions detrimental to the marketing of live stock as regards transportation, stock yards accommodation, and the actual transaction of business on public stock yards; to so familiarize producers and feeders of live stock wth actual market conditions, antl trade requirements, as to bring about more intelligent l)reeding and feeding in the production of market classes of live animals, and to provide a source of intelligence with regard to local, general, and world's live stock production, such as will form a sound basis for local production and give direction to general live stock d(>vel- opment in the Dominion. In pursuance of the policy as outlined, officers of, the branch locatril at the central stock yards at Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary, and Edmonton again undertook the classifying, grading and pricing of all live stock offered for sale, obtained detailed information as to the origin and disposition of the stock and data on all other phases of trading on public stock yards, throughout the year. The information obtained by the officers was mailed or tdegraphed to the Live Stock Branch at Ottawa to be recorded, co-ordinated and, in part, used as a basis of a weekly market news letter to the farm press and to a selected mailing li.st, the personnel of which is directly interested in the promotion of the live stock industry. The weekl}- markets news s^vice was continued and consisted of tables of statistics showing the number, average price, price range for the bulk of sales, top prices, dispositions and comparative receipts of all live stock sold on the different stock yards, together with comments in detail covering marketing conditions. In addition to supplying the reports to the regular mailing fist, copies were also distributed to the members of the House of Commons. These weekly reports were again followed by monthly statistical statements. News articles, memoranda and general information with regard to markets and the live stock industry in general, were supplied to the farm press, producers, REPORT OF THE MIXISTER 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ^ trade, and officers of the Department of Agriculture; also the compilation of statistics, and the gathering of information, covering the live stock industry in the British Empire and foreign countries were continued. A record of the point of origin of the classes and grades of live stock slaugh- tered, returned to country points or exported, was compiled by counties in the eastern provinces and by divisions in the western provinces, so that a very intimate knowledge as to the condition of live stock marketing in the various provinces is now available covering the period from January, 1917, to March 31, 1920. The officers at the yards again rendered every assistance possible to pur- chasers of live stock under the carlot and Free Freight policies of the branch, an outline of which will be found under the report of the Cattle Division, and placed their services and offices at the disposal of all those requiring assistance in purchasing and shipping live stock. It is conceded that the work of the officers at the yards contributed much toward the improvement of western market cattle during the past three j-ears, as well as being instrumental in facilitating the movement of stock, particularly from the drought areas of Alberta and Saskatchewan during the fall of 1919. NEW WORK UNDERTAKEN DURING THE YEAR. The most important phases of the new work undertaken through the Markets Division were the inauguration of a Daily Markets Telegraph Service, an Inter-Stock Yards Telegraph Service, the distribution through the press of weekly notes on domestic and world's live stock production and the enforce- ment of the rules and regulations governing the operations of stock j-ards, as prescribed under the Live Stock and Live Stock Products Act, 1917. The Daily jNlarkets Telegraph Service consisted of detailed telegraph reports on the market operations at stock yards as supplied bj^ officers of the branch, located at the yards. These reports were assembled at 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. daily, and distributed to the morning and evening press of Canada over the wires of the Canadian Press, Limited. This service is now used by practically every evening and morning paper in Canada and is recognized as standard, true, and rehable data on market transactions. The Inter-Stock Yards Telegraph Service, inaugurated during the year, consisted of an exchange of market telegrams between officers of the branch at the various stock yards. These telegrams outlined trade conditions on the markets as soon as the day's trading was established. The telegrams when received at each yard were posted on bulletin boards so that all interested might have accurate information as to the live stock market situation at other Canadian yards, and through the intelligence obtained operate with more certainty and better direction than formerly. Daily papers printed and published at the leading live stock centres carry extensive information on the local live stock markets, and during the year officers at the yards supplied such newspapers with a large amount of special material, including the movement of stock on export and interprovincial account, from the local yards. The complete service placed live stock markets intelligence within the reach of almo.st every producer and feeder in the Dominion. The Live Stock Commissioner, through the Markets Division, supplied the farm press and the regular mailing list with weekly news letters containing timely information on current conditions in domestic and foreign live stock circles. A census of the status of the live stock industry in Canada on August 1, 1919, was made by the division through a questionnaire sent out to a list of 3,300 drovers and the information obtained therefrom made public from time to time. 42 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The first annual official review of the live stock market situation in Canada Avas prepared hy the division and distributed through the farm press of Oanada. An initial move has been made to obtain better live stock railroad trans- portation service and the officer at Montreal has alreadj- been successful in obtaining satisfactory service for shipping points hitherto handicapped by inadequate service. The Relief Tariff (as outlined under the report of the Cattle Di\-ision) was supervised by officers of the Markets Division, who represented the Live Stock Branch an(l undertook all the detail in connection with the administration of the tariff. THE HVE STOCK AND LIVE STOCK PRODUCTS .\CT. Under the provisions of section 9, sub.sections (a) and (b) of the Live Stock and Live Stock Products Act, 1917, all stock yards in Canada came under federal control during August, 1919. Since that date the construction, equip- ment, maintenance and operation of stock yards have been subject to the approval of the Minister of Agriculture. As required under the Act, all com- mission men are becoming members of a live stock exchange and are furnish- ing a bond as evidence of good faith. The by-laws and schedule of handling charges of the various live stock exchanges have also been submitted to the department for approval, as required. Lender the direction of the Supervisor of Stock Yards, the markets officers are charged with the work entailed in the application of the requirements under the Act. Noticeable improvements were made during the year at the various stock yards in regard to service and accommodation and there seems to exist a willingness on the part of all concerned that augurs well for the promotion of the live stock industry in this direction. The importance of the work undertaken by the Minister of Agriculture through tlie ^Markets Intelligence Divi.sion is made manifest in the following statement : — The live stock which came under the supervision of the officers of the branch during the vear was in excess of 2,800,000 head, and was valued at over .5200,000,000. Of the total marketings, in excess of 500,000 head of live cattle, valued at approximately §.50,000,000, were exported to United States markets, and aj)- proximateh' 190,000 stocker and feeder cattle were returned from Canadian stock yards to country points; the conservation of live stock as indicated by the latter movement, was effected largely through the Carlot and Free Freight policies of the department, which are administered by the Live Stock Branch tlirough the stock yards officers. REPORT OF TBE MISISTER 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 4.-COMPARATIVE GRADIXG OF LIVE STOCK WITH COMPARATIVE PERCENTAGES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF EACH CLASS MARKETED AT CANADIAN STOCKYARDS DURING CALENDAR YEARS 1918 AND 1919. Classification. Number 1919. Number 1918. Per cent. Class 1918. Per cent. Class 1918. 22,712 80,314 20,698 69, 363 53. 950 65.283 34.743 25,719 77,520 109,745 9,479 31,133 87,028 5.158 226,002 23,015 93,705 58. 855 100.816 57,855 729,483 11.632 56,883 27,726 10,216 293,656 72.220 4.333 81,543 51,633 21,053 75,681 30,063 70,418 50,634 38.489 26.440 15,351 75,904 85,729 8,959 27,674 57,095 6,709 178,605 13,532 98,978 64,675 33,754 25,827 803,622 18,449 69,403 30,458 5,532 183,918 52,326 5.108 46,439 36,755 2-26 800 206 6-90 5-38 6-50 3-46 2-56 10-93 0-95 3 10 8-67 0-52 90-76 9-24 9-33 5-86 10 04 5 76 87.27 1-39 6-79 3-32 1-23 58-33 14-35 0-86 16-20 10-26 2-58 .Steers— 1 ,000-'l ,200— 9-30 3-70 Steers— 700-1 ,000— Good . 8-66 6-22 Heifers — Good Fair Common Cows — Good 4-73 3-25 1-90 9-33 10-55 Bulls- Good 1-10 3-40 70-2 Oxen 0-82 Calves- Veal 93-44 Grass Stockers — 450-800— Good Fair 6-56 12-17 79 5 Feeders— 800-1,100- Good 4-15 Fair 3-17 Hogs ifed and watered) — 86 65 1-99 7-48 3-29 0-59 Lambs — Good 56-67 16-12 Sheep — 1-58 Light 14-30 11-33 Note: — All slock included in above was sold over the scales. Sheep and Go.\t Division. The policy of loaning pure-bred rams and boars to farmers' live stock asso- ciations is still in operation, although during the piist year it was confined to districts where it was felt that necessity' warranted expenditure for this particular phase of the work. Through the introduction of sires in such districts the market value of lambs has been increased in some cases as much as fifty per cent and effective improvement in the quality of hogs has also been accomplished. To date a total of 1,813 rams and 498 boars have been loaned under this policy; 506 rams and 89 boars are at present in. service. THE PREMIUM POLICY FOR PURE-BRED RAMS The Premium policy for pure-bred rams was inaugurated for the first time this year and 674 applications have been received up to date. This policj' is 44 DEI'AHTMEXT OF AURICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 proving ;i groat stimulus to the use of the pure-bred sire and has done much already to discourage the use of the scrub ram. Under this pohcy two annual payments of five dollars each are made to any sheep owner with a ewe flock of ten or more who purchases a pure-bred ram for the first time. The following is a statement of the applications received under this policy by provinces: — Prince Edward Island. 44 Nova Scotia 50 New Brunswick 99 Quebec 283 Ontario 135 Manitoba 14 Saskatchewan 15 .Mberta 27 British Columbia 7 Total 674 CO-OPERATIVE GRADING OF WOOL During the year 3,788,138 pounds of wool were graded for farmers' co-oper- ative organizations by graders of the Live Stock Branch. This amount includes wool ivom all the provinces. The grading of wool has had a wonderful e£(ect in improving the quality and preparation of Canailian wool for market. Graued Canadian wool is now acceptable to the wool trade of Canada and a keen demand exists for our wool in the United States. As a result of grading, Canadian wools are able to compete successfully in a wider market than heretofore and Canadian sheep raisers have received the highest market price offered for the grades of wool produced. This has given greater stability to the sheep industry and accounts in a measure at least for the steady increase of the sheep population during the last few years. The following is a statement of the grading by provinces for the year: — WOOL GRADING STATEMENT FOR 1919. Grades. P.E.I. N.S. N.B. Que. Ont. Man. 'Sask. Alta. B.C. 270 250 7,126 7,176 207,770 17,312 259, 125 520 7,120 26,465 25,973 64,933 22,842 76,649 2,813 22,318 21 6,410 7,253 4,930 1,683 24,320 22.911 105,347 65,257 235,871 50,908 157,128 663 26,875 "8,046 21,422 1,226 3,558 349 3,872 126,447 142.865 357, 158 110.233 361.072 60,335 182,951 1,771 23,862 52 12,108 12,128 3,550 10,409 1,126 8,587 280 1,831 19.467 1,196 2,820 1.358 38 20,517 7,651 6,777 164 204 79,384 7,070 71,077 9,493 4,333 16,291 66,778 24,550 19, 727 8,301 Lower medium staple 31,277 35,715 28,127 29,575 341 9,244 1,156 1,092 10,565 92,199 123 118,501 13,556 23,199 4,580 3,250 5,098 735 154 437 4 334 6,406 137 1,210 Cotts 326 230 1,201 Dead 820 645 1,500 171 842 1,398 3.795 4,968 240 407 51 Bucks Tags 504 1.155 638 2.413 18,659 9,427 280 3,603 115 15,120 212 114 218 54 91 2,724 151 7 Tubwashed, washed, un- graded and miscella- 1.435 1,137 27 99 8.496 6,738 168 271 Total 63,656 110.377 55,840 187,427 780,379 288,563 743,562 1,462,161 96,173 REPORT OF THE illXISTER 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 EDtXATIOXAL AND DEMONSTRATIOXAL PROPAGANDA WORK During the year exhibits were sent to most of the leading exhibitions through- out Canada. The transient exhibit which visited the ten western fairs showed the grades of wool, processes of manufacture of both wool and mohair and con- tained a full line of shepherd's supplies as well as samples of the best feeds for sheep. At eastern fairs the exhibits were of a very practical and demon^strational nature. Besides illustrating pr(jper methods of sheep management and prepara- tion of wool for market, actual demonstrations were given on shearing, preparing fleeces, grading of wool and dipping. A refrigerator displaying cuts of finished and unfinished lamb carcasses was also displayed with a view of encouraging the finishing of lambs for market. Stationarj- wool exhibits have been supplied to the different agricultural colleges for use in connection with courses on wool instruction. A wool exhibit has also been placed in the Commercial and Industrial Museum, Montreal, and a large number of samples of wool grades have been sent to schools. The exhibits have been a verj^ effective and far-reaching means of giving sheep raisers the latest knowledge on sheep raising. Aside from exhibit work, representatives of the Sheep and Goat Division have carried on a large amount of demonstration work. Co-operative dipping has been instituted in several of the provinces, and demonstration work carried out in this connection now has as its ultimate object, where possible, theladoption of this practice. Demonstrations ijj the docking and castration of lambs were also concentrated in districts, where," as a result of demonstrations one or more carloads of lambs could be marketed co-operatively, thus gi\'ing farmers an opportunity to measure the value of docking and castrating in dollars and cents. As a result of such demoAstrations 2,600 lambs were marketed from New Bruns- wick on the Montreal market at a gain of two to three cents a pound and owing to the large number of wether lambs which these shipments contained thej' topped the market during the weeks of their arrival on the market. During the winter urgent requests were filed from the Maritime Provinces requ^esting the branch to extend the activities in order that all the people might benefit. Arrangements were made to place men in the three provinces and similar work will be under- taken. THE GOAT INDUSTRY. Owing to repeated outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in Great Britain, it was impossible to make an importation of male goats of the milking breeds for distribution to the goat associations throughout the Dominion. Interest continues to grow in favour of the goat, especially in suburban districts, and many inquiries have come to hand asking for Information of the feeding, care and management of goats. The greatest need in the goat industrj- at the present time is more breeding stock to meet the demands of those wishing to purchase milk- ing does of the recognized breeds. SWINE PROPAGANDA In addition to the distribution of pure-bred boars under the distribution policy, a large amount of information has been disseminated in regard to the feeding and management of swine. In view of the very high price of mill feeds and rough grains and the relativelj' low price of pork, it has been very difficult for farmers to feed and fatten hogs at a profit, and the greatest economy in use of feeds had to be practised by utilizing all cheap by-products about the farm and exercising skill in balancing rations to obtain the best feeding results. 46 DEPARTMESr OF AQRICVLTDRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Feed Division The activities of the Feed Division during the last fiscal year have been confined chiefly to the pm'o|iaae and distribution of standard stock feed, 24,500 tons, 800 pounds of this product have been distributed since the inauguration of the Feed Division in 1917. Distrilnition during the early part of the fiscal year was confined wholly to disposing of the balance on hand. Particulars of the distribution are shown in the attached table. As a result of repeated requests for the department to continue to distribute standard stock feed) a conference was held in Winnipeg early in November with a view to interesting farmers' co-operative organizations in this feed and if possible to arrange for the distribution of it through that medium. As a result of this conference the eastern organizations (United Farmers of Ontario and the Comptoir Co-Operative de Montreal) contracted with the elevator companies for 3,000 tons and the department itself agreed to distribute oOO additional tons amongst the three western provinces. At the conference the attitude of the western delegates was such as to indicate that western feeders were not interested and the 500 tons mentioned were reserved more or less to take care of future demands. A further conference was held in December with a vIqw to obtaining additional suppHes but in light of the peculiar wheat situation it was felt that little or no wheat would pass through the Fort William elevators with a result that no screenings would accumulate at that point. At the corhmencement of the fiscal year the division had in store in Montreal some 1 ,400 tons of linseed oil-cake for which no market could be found in Canada. This was disposed of to United States interests for export to Holland. It was felt that this course was to be preferred rather than continue to pay high storage charges, with little or no prospect of making sales within the Dominion. In addition to the foregoing some 21,894 bushels and 12 pounds corn for feeding purposes have been distributed throughout the Dominion. REPORT OF THE MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ■go 1 •* 1 is H •3i 1 > is s is (« a g ^1 3 s s |i is li .£■«> Is 8 ,2 o 2i li C 1 c ^« "■J- Is «« 1 1 E I i ■z 5 li o » - 11 1 M 5* .£■<= gs .^3 ''1 48 DKPARTMF.yT OF AORICCLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS AND STATIONS. AVith the close of the war, it has been possible to discontinue some of the special lines of effort of this branch. Others have been ])la((>(l ujion a more far- reaching basis of research and experiment, having in view a return to the study of those principles of agriculture upon the practice of which depends the con- tinued productivity of our soils, so vitally necessary in this perio(i of reconstruc- tion. Notwithstanding many drawbacks such as depletion of staff ami shortness of labour supply, the year has been one of considerable progress. Additions have been made to several of the Branch Farms and Stations, permitting of wider experimental work. Some much needed Ijuildings have been erected, though in this regard much yet remains to be done before the delay in the building programme caused by the war may be said to have been overcome. A much needed modern dairy Iniilding was commenced at the Central Farm late in tlie winter. This will afford si)ace not only for the demonstration of up-to-date dairy methods but also hiboratory accommodation for the study of those bacteriological problems connected with the production of pure milk. Preparations have been made for wider work with horses, cattle and sheep, involving several new and important lines of investigation; an excellent founda- tion herd of pure-bred Guernseys has been established at Xappan, N.S., and the herds at Ottawa have been strengthened by the addition of some excellent Ayr.shires and Holsteins. Arrangements have been made for carrj'ing on extensive work in the breeding of French-Canadian horses at St. Joachim, Que., under the immediate supervision of the suiK'rintendent of the Cap kouge Sta- tion; on several other Stations, east and west, breeding work with Clydes and Percherons has been commenced or widened. At Lethbridge and Lacombe, in Alberta, extensive work in sheep raising under range conditions has been put under way. With poultry, the scope of the work has increased many fold, and it has been found possible to devote more attention to the problems underlying success- ful poultry keeping, such as pedigree breeding, disease investigation and the chemical researches connected with eggs, incubation, feeding, etc. The exten.sion work, comprising exhibits, distribution of egg and poultrj- account forms, inspection and survey work, etc., has been actively carried on and the egg-lajing contests have increased in number from two last year to seven this year. The Illustration Station work has been increased by the establishment of a number of new Stations in the province of Quebec and the selection of ten Stations in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, which will be in operation in 1920. The Division of Fibre Plants has made marked progress in demonstrating the possibilities of flax fibre production and manufacture in Canada, while the Tobacco Division, as a result of years of investigation and experiment, by means of its improved and acclimatized varieties, placed the tobacco growers in a position to profit by the high prices for tobacco which obtained this year. The Division of Forage Plants, relieved of its emergency duty, during the war, of producing a large proportion of the root seed required in Canada, has now turned its attention to the improvement of the varieties of field-roots and to the continuation of its work in grass and clover breeding. The Division of Horticulture, although hampered by lack of staff, has preparations well under way for ^\-ider work in the utilization of garden pro- ducts by canning, drying, etc., and most of the necessary equipment therefor has been ordered. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The Cereal Di\asioii in addition to a heavy programme of plot and breeding work has just finished a limited distribution of a new hulless oat — the Liberty — which, for special uses, bids fair to achieve popularity and success. TJie plant pathologists and inspectors of the Di^-isionof Botany continued to do excellent work in the study of plant diseases, the demonstration of methods of disease prevention, especially ^ith potatoes, inspection and certification of seed potatoes, and, in the West, especially, the study of cereal diseases. In the other divisions, work has progressed steadily along established lines. The Division of Chemistrj-, which, during the war, carried a hea\n,' burden of war work and investigation in addition to continuing in its o^\ti proper field of research as well as might be, has had to contend, both during the war and since, with shortage of staff and many changes therein. This indeed has been the case to a notable extent throughout the whole branch, and, from all indications, is likely so to continue for some time to come. ■Wliile some of the smaller fairs were not held during the past j-ear, the Division of Extension and Publicity was kept busy, and put up excellent dis- plays at the large exhibitions. An exhibit was also sent in charge of the chief officer of the di\-ision, to Lyons, France, and was afterwards on display for a considerable time in Paris. It was found impossible, owing to the branch being so short-handed, to devote as great an amount of time as was desired to the preparation of material for press. However, the following publications were issued during the year: — The Amiual Report of the Experimental Farms for 1918-19. In the Regular Series of Bulletins- No. 93. Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables for Home use. Xo. 94. Bush Fruits. In the Second Series — No. 40. Use of Coarse Grains as Human Food. No. 41. Summary of 3 Years' Experiments on the Harrow Tobacco Station. No. 42. Wild Rice. In Pamphlets — No. 28. The Rod Cultivator. In Circulars — No. 17. Every Gardener his own Seed Grower, Part II. Three issues of Seasonable Hints were also prepared and distributed and 152 articles sent to the Canadian press from April 1, 1919, to ^larch 31, 1920. At the close of the year, the data are complete for several excellent bulletins which it is hoped may be got readj* for print during the coming j'ear. XOTES ON THE SEASON. The season of 1919 opened late in both East and West. Verj- Httle seeding had been done in the East by the end of April, and in the West about forty per cent of the land remained to be so^^ti on ^lay 1. Growing conditions in the East, however, were favourable and fair crops resulted while in the West con- tinued dry weather resulted in material reduction of yields, in some sections amounting to crop failure. Ul The average yield of wheat per acre for all Canada was ten bushels, as compared with eleven in 1918. Oats and barley also gave lower per acre returns. Hay and fodder corn and potatoes gave higher average jields than in the pre- vious year. At average prices, the total value of all field crops in the Dominion, in 1919, is estimated at §1,452,437,500, as compared with a total value of §1,372.935,970 in 1918. 1.5—4 50 DEVAUTMEyr Or AcniVVLTVliE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The increiiso in acreage s(nvn and the vahie uf crops i)rodiicetl is the liighest on record. In the foUowinji tables sohk' iletails will be found as to yield and value of the principal field crops in 1919. The numbers of the various cla.sses of live stock during the period 1914-19 are also given. AREAS AND ESTIMATES OF YIELD AND VALUE OF FIELD CROPS, 1919. Crop. Yield per .\cre. Total Yield. Weight per measured bushel. ,\verage price per bushel. Total Value. Fall wheat rian crab apple is hardy and fruits well over a large part of the prairies vSoino of the first generation crosses between this and the apple are also quite hardy. Second crosses with larger fruit and more blood of the apple are now being tested. The Experimental Station at Morden, Man., is specializing in prairi'e horticulture, and about forty acres have been planted to fruits. Some of the varieties of apple began to fruit at this Station in 1919. IMuch attention is also being paid to plums in the Horticultural Division. There is a great part of Canada where the European or Domestica plums do not succeed, whereas the native plum is found in very cold districts. What is being looked for, then, are improved forms of the native species. Earliness is one of the chief requisites of these plums, as the seasons in the districts where they are needed are relatively short. Some very good early ones fruited at Ottawa in 1919, and are being propagated lor further test. As the breeding of new varieties of fruits is considered to be one of the most im])ortant lines of work that the Horticultural Division can be engaged in, much work in this direction was done with .strawberries, raspberries, goose- berries, and grapes in 1919. The Portia strawberry, which originated in tlu^ Horticultural Division, some years ago, was found to be the best canning berry among many tested in 1919. It is also one of the handsomest and most pro- ductive of those under test, and has been very favourably reported upon by tliose who have tested it elsewhere. The other experimental work with fruits, such as methods of si)raying, jnuning and cultivation, was continued in 1919. Experiments in vegetables have always been an important part of the work of the Horticultural Division. During the past thirty-three years many experi- ments in methods of culture have been tried and varieties tested. Pamphlets have been published in regard to the principal vegetables. The importance of using good seed potatoes has been emphasized and proven by the results of experiments carried on in the Horticultural Division. In the year 1919 the usual very striking results were obtained from seed from different sources. As examples, seed of the best Green Mountain yielded at the rate of 330 bushels per acre and one of the poorest lots only 4() bushels ])er acre. One seed stock of Irish Cobbler yielded at the rate of 378 bushels per acre; another at the rate of 37 bushels jier acre. Experiments at the Central and Branch Farms con- tinued ta prove, in 1919, that many fiirmers in some parts of Canada plant potatoes too late for largest yields. REPORT OF THE MISISTER 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 As early vegetables are what bring the greatest profit to the growers and are among the most popular -nith the amateur gardener, and as many of the vegetables grown in Canada were originated in other countries where the season is longer and require more time to mature and possibly a longer period of hot weather than they get in many parts of Canada, it was felt by the Dominion Horticulturist that one of the most important lines of work to be undertaken was the development of earlier and better strains and varieties. Thus, for a long time this work has been in progress, and as a result of it some very early varieties, particularly of corn and tomatoes, have been put upon the market after being thoroughly tested by many experimenters. In 1919 one of the newest varieties of corn, called Sweet Squaw, gave a very good account of itself, particularly in Manitoba where early varieties are much sought for. Work is being continued with most of the important vegetables. Experiments in growing seeds of the principal vegetables were continued in 1919. Much useful information, which is available to seed growers, has been obtained during the past few years in regard to distances of planting, time of maturing, j-ields, insects and disease, and methods of wintering biennial vegetables for seed. During the past three seasons special attention has been paid in the Horti- cultural Division to canning and other methods of preserving fruits and vege- tables. While the war was in progress this work was of great assistance to the many persons who were anxious to conserve food for patriotic reasons, and now when the war is over and the price of these products continues very high just as much interest is shown for personal reasons. In 1919 a bulletin was published called "Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables for Home Use," in which was published the results of the experimental work which had been carried on and recipes recommended which had proven to be the best. This bulletin has been in great demand. At the Central Farm and at the Branch Farms and Stations attractive ornamental grounds have been developed, which must be an inspiration to improve their own places to many of the thousands of persons who visit these Farms. In connection with the ornamental grounds are experiments in growing many species and varieties of ornamental plants. Their relative hardiness, blooming season, beauty, and general merits are determined and lists of best varieties published, which are ver^- acceptable to flower lovers. In 1919 the iris, paeom-, lilac and rose collections in particular attracted much attention. AVhile the greenhouses at the Central Experimental Farm are not very extensive, experiments of importance, to vegetable and flower growers have been carried on therein. Especial attention was paid in 1919 to cucumber, tomato, and lettuce crops. For three winters experiments with head lettuce were carried on to find if, out of the many varieties which were successfully grown in milder climates, there were any which could be growai without scalding at Ottawa. This scalding of the varieties usually grown in greenhouses in the United States had prevented Canadian greenhousemen from attempting to grow head lettuce in greenhouses in Canada. Out of a large number of varieties tested, one sort, the Early Paris, has been found to develop practically free from scald, and is recommended for growing commercially in Canada. Among flowers, special attention iias been paid to the chrj'santhemum, cineraria, cyclamen, and geranium. Thousands of persons visited the green- houses in the autumn of 1919 to see the magnificent collection 6f chry.'^anthemums under test there. Many fine new varieties of geranium have been originated in these greenhouses and have been much admired. 56 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The Poultry Division. The work of the Poultry Division has continued to grow. During the past year there were seventeen Branch Farms besides the central plant at Ottawa operating a poultry plant. The demand for bred-to-lay cockerels from pedigree stock has been much larger than the supply. Breeding eggs are supplied in limited quantities, and more ineul)ation space has been added to the equipment at a number of the Stations in order to supply day-old chicks to some of those who are so situated that they cannot hatch their own chicks early enough. PEDIGREE AND BREEDING WORK. Pedigree breeding work has been carried on on the Central Farm for years. It is intended to extend this work gradually until it is conducted on everj- Farm of the entire system. The ultimate aim is to produce heavy laying strains from the leading varieties of fowl, always keeping in mind standard qualities. While progress is of necessity slow, considerable advancement is being made. For instance, there was a strong feeling that high egg-la3'ing records could not be made in the Prairie Provinces owing to the severity of the weather. It has been demonstrated that this is not so. At the Indian Head Farm some good records have been made. One White Wyandotte pullet, " Prairie Queen," laid 259 eggs in a year. At the Lethbridge Farm also where Barred Plj^mouth Rocks are kept, there have been very high averages made. The most noteworthy pedigreed records to date are those at the Experi- mental Station at Sidney, Vancouver island, the White Wyandotte " Island Queen," with a record of 261 eggs in her pullet year, has produced six daughters that have given good records. " Island Princess," 274 eggs; ." Princess Victoria,' 300 eggs; " Princess Royal," 291 eggs; " Princess Ena," 243 eggs; " Princess Alice," 201 eggs; and " Princess May," 214 eggs — an average production for the six sisters of 254 eggs. DISE-^^SE INVESTIGATION. The work undertaken by Dr. A. B. Wickware in relation to poultry diseases is progressing favourably. Experiments are being conducted on avian tuber- culosis, to determine, if possible, its exact relation to the types of disease to be found in the domesticated animals. The life history of certain parasites and mites such as those causing scaley leg is being worked out. Experiments are also being conducted on chicken-pox to determine the efficiency of different vaccines in the treatment and prevention of pox, canker, roup, etc. A collection of internal worms such as tape-worms, round worms, etc., is being made to determine those commonly found in Canada and the type peculiar to each locality. CHEMICAL INVESTIG.VTION. Incubation. — Considerable work has been done during the year on artificial incubation, and the results obtained from the investigation and the study of the work of previous investigators and from the experience of the average poultrj'- man showed quite clearlj' that there was a great need for further work on this subject. To that end, an experimental incubator was designed and built. Eggs. — A start was made on the study of the physical and chemical character- iatics of eggs. Barred Plymoutli Rocks, White Leghorn, and White Wyandotte REPORT OF TBE iliyiSTER 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 eggs ■^vere analyzed to determine if there is any chemical, and hence nutritional, difference in the eggs of the different breeds. The results showed little or no difference. It seems quite probable that there is as much difference in eggs from individual hens of the same breed as in the average of a number of eggs from hens of different breeds. Chick Feeding. — During the months of July and August some experimental work in chick feeding was carried on. A studj' from the results of different pens showed that eggs, meat meal and greens are essential for proper vitalitj^ and development and, of these, eggs played a verj' prominent part. Further chemical research work is being conducted on incubation, brooding, feeds, nutrition, the value of eggs and poultry in the diet, etc., the results of which will be reported as the work progresses. EXTENSION" WORK. Under this head comes such work as " exhibitions," " the farm egg and poultry" account," "survey work," "judging," "institute work," and tEe work conducted by the poultrj' inspector for the Maritime Pro\ances. Exhibitions. — During the year the Poultry Division has contributed to all the exhibits made by the E.xtension and Publicity Division throughout the Dominion, and in addition to this, a special poultry exhibit 'covered a circuit of eleven fairs in Ontario during November, December and January. Farm Egg and Poultry Account. — This is a simple form for the purpose of supphing a convenient method of keeping accounts in the poultrj- plant. The advantage is mutual. Better methods have been adopted. Figures as to profit and loss are available. The di\'ision obtained a good deal of useful information as to market, feeds generally available, prices, and the outlook in the locahty for the poultry industry. In return the farmer received the free blank forms, seasonable ad\ace and replies to questions on feed and management. Survey work. — The work started in Quebec from the Experimental Farms has been continued and in addition to this the officer in charge has acted as inspector over similar work conducted at four centres by the Quebec Provincial Department, which inspection requires a visit to 115 competitors once every three months. He has also attended a large number of institute meetings, has assisted at the short courses conducted in that province and, during the season, judged poultrj^ at a number of fairs. Inspection. — Something similar to the survey work conducted among the farmers surrounding the Experimental Stations in Quebec was this year started in the ^Maritime Pro\'in,ces. In addition to the survey work from the Experimental Farms, is included the giving of assistance and advice to the poultrymen in charge of the work at the Farms, demonstration and lectures, speaking at institute meetings, judging and demonstrating at fairs, and the inspection of the laying contests conducted bj- the Experimental Farms at Charlottetown, Nappan and Cap Rouge, and the coritest at Truro under the management of the provincial department of Nova Scotia. EGG LAYING CONTESTS ANT) RECCED OF PERFORMANCE. The establishment of a Record of Performance for poultry which was insti- tuted from the first of November, 1919, marks an advance step in poultrj- keeping. At the present time. Record of Performance is divided into two sections, Section A and Section AA. Section A is the inspection of trap-nested flocks on the 58 DEPARTMEyr OF AaRtCVLTJ.^RE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 farmer's own prcniises, which comes under tlie Poultry Division of the Live Stock Branch. Section AA is the trap-nesting of the birds in laying contests and tests arid is conducted by the Experimental Farms Branch. The egg laying contests conducted in 1919-20, with the number of birds and the locality, is given in the following taljle: — Egg L.wing Contests, 1919-20. 1 Canadian Egg Laying Contest Prince Edward Island Egg Laying Contest, Nova Scotia Federal Egg Laying Contest. , Quol)ec Egg La.\iiig Con tost Manitoba Egg Laying Contest Saskatchewan Egg Laying Contest Alberta Egg Laying Contest Ottawa. Charlottetown. Nappan. 200 Ir'ap Rouge. 200 Urandon. 190 llndian Head. 120 iLethbridge. The Bee Division. Under the stimulus of the prevailing high price of honey, the year has seen a considerable increase in the number of colonies and out-apiurios kept by com- mercial beekeepers, who are thus definitely building up honey production in Canada. There has also been a large number of beginners in lieekeeping. Bees are now being kept at sixteen of th(> Experimental Farms. The latest addition is Kapuskasing in Northern Ontario, where valuable results are expected because of the extreme conditions in this northern locality, which never- theless is not unpromising for honey production. The season of 1919 was favourable for the production of clover honey at the Central Farm, Ottawa; 8,183 pounds were obtained, bringing the annual average production of honey per colony for the past seven years up to 134 pounds. The testing and development of methods of managing bees planned to reduce labour and increase the production of honey per colony under the conditions found at Ottawa and other places in Canada, have been continued at the Central Farm and on some of the Branch Farms, and are giving promising results. The experiments are mainly in the direction of preventing swarming, improving wintering — including a study of best foods for the winter — and increasing the force of bees raised in each colony in time for the main honey flow. Experiments to ascertain the actual value of honey bees in the production of apples in Nova Scotia have been undertaken at the Experimental Farm at Kentville. Co-operative experiments with private beekeepers in certain little-known and promising localities have been continued. An experiment in the isolated mating of queen-bees was carried out at Duck Island, at the eastern end of lake Ontario. The results have been of considerable scientific interest and have indicated that this is likely to be a satisfactory place for studying isolated mating, which appears to be essential for the maintenance of any definite \vork in breeding bees for improvement. ToB.\cco Division. While the .spring of 1919 was rather late and followed by drought, still the unprecedentedly high prices paid for tobacco made the crop highly profitable. REPORT OF THE IIISISTER 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In Ontario the production of White Burley was the largest since 1913, and was sold at an average price of 40 cents per pound. The flue-cured tobacco or Bright Vriginia type was sold at an average price of 60 cents per pound. In Quebec the season was more favourable for tobacco growing, and a fair crop was obtained. The demand for cigar tobacco, binders and fillers is .strong, and an outlet has been found on the British market for this tobacco. On the Experimental Station at Farnham, Que., the results obtained were very good. The yields and the quality of the crop were better than previously. The fertihzer experiments conducted by the tobacco inspector and the superintendent of the station resulted in some exceptional and very profitable yields. No appreciable results were obtained from the application of lime. The yields of the Cuban and the Yamaska varieties were 1,607 and 1,598 pounds per acre respectively. The semi-hot bed proved vastly superior to the cold bed for the production of seedlings, both from the standpoint of earhness and the number of plants produced. On the College Farm at I'Assomption, Que., the experiments conducted were not so successful, owing to the late date on which the work was started. On the Experimental Station at Harrow, Ont., the results were highly satis- factory. The White burley and flue-cured tobaccos were the best produced since the Station was established.- The White burley sold for 44 cents, and the flue-cured for 68 cents per pound. The results secured at Harrow with the semi-hot bed confirm those obtained at Farnham. During four years' experiments no advantage has been gained by sprouting the seed before sowing. Sowing dry seed is recommended. The use of a black compost as a top dressing for seed beds is strongly recom- mended. The value of home-grown seed is, at last, fully recognized by the tobacco grower and the seed merchant. Despite the fact that over 150 pounds of seed, sufficient to plant 24,000 acres, was grown on the Station in 1919, there will be an appreciable shortage of acclimatized seed. Fall ploughing for burley again proved profitable. The increase in yield was estimated at .§24.64 per acre. Fall ploughing was also advantageous ift giving a more even distribution of labour and materially lessening cut worm damage. Fall manuring for burley gave an increased yield valued at .§100.32 per acre over spring manuring. The best chemical fertilizer formula used for flue-cured tobacco netted a profit of S238 . 35 per acre, and for the White burley of S165 . 90 per acre. On the Central Experimental Farm, at Ottawa, the experiments conducted on the plots were very satisfactor.v. A number of varieties and hybrids of cigar tobacco were tested on a small scale. A good quantity of seed of the varieties best adapted to commercial uses was also produced. There is a great demand for this seed among the growers of Quebec. The work of the tobacco inspector is being appreciated bj' the growers. The information relative to the soils most suitable to the different types of tobacco is meeting with favour. The fertihzer tests conducted by the inspector in co-operation with the growers proved highly remunerative. The yields in some instances were exceptionally large, especially with the flue-cured type. The information obtained by the inspector as to the acreage and j'ields of the 1919 crop was timely and proved helpful in the marketing of the crop. Owing to the warm and dry season which followed transplanting, the losses from the root-rot disease were not so severe as in previous seasons. Judging 60 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICOLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 from field observations and counts, the mosaic and leaf spot diseases were not so prevalent. Further selection work was carried on with the root-rot-resistant strains of the White burlej^ and snuff types. Division of Economic Fibke Production. The work of this Division in 1919 was carried on along lines similar to those of 1918. However, much more progress was made in every department of the work, and a greater acreage was under crop, with a corresponding increase in the manufacturing of the resulting fibre. seeding tests. At the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, a total of fifty plots oi one- tenth acre each was grown for test purposes. A great deal of attention was given to the rate of sowng, as many questions had arisen during the preceding year amongst growers regarding the proper amomit of seed to sow per acre. It was unfortunate for the proper test of this matter that it was a very bad year for flax fibre, there being onlj'^ about half a crop, except in a few isolated cases. However, the results of these tests show that even in an unfavourable year, sowing at the rate of 84 pounds of seed per acre gives the best returns, both in yield and quality of fibre. FLAX TESTS. At the different Experimental Farms and Stations throughout the countrj', as well as by many private individuals, plots ranging from one-tenth to one half acre, were grown from seed supplied by the Experimental Farm, Ottawa. The crop resulting from this was to be returned to Ottawa, for tests regarding yield and quality of fla5c gro^Ti in the different locahties. In many cases, however, principally on account of the bad year and poor }-ield, the result of these tests was not returned. From the crop that was returned it was found that New Richmond, Quebec; L'Assomption, Quebec, and Stanbridge East, Quebec, produced flax of a very fine quality. In Alberta, on irrigated land, a small quantity was grown successfully, being of a high grade both in seed and quahty of straw. The plots grown in British Columbia and Ontario did not arrive at the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, in time for retting in the fall of 1919, consequently testing these plots had to be postponed until the spring of 1920. RETTING OPERATIONS. Owing to the fact that there were 100 acres of Ontario Government flax grown at AYillowdale, Toronto, in 1918, to be handled at the mill at Ottawa, practically all the retting had to be done on a commercial rather than on an experimental basis. All this flax was retted in 1919, partly dew retted and partly water retted. In water retting, the concrete tanks have a capacitj' of about one ton of straw each. It was found that by heating the tanks to 80 degrees F. a tank could be retted in 4^ days, with good results as to the quality of fibre produced. SEED INSPECTION. In order to safeguard the export to Europe of the 1919 crop, a system of grading and inspecting fibre seed was established, by which means the buyers in Europe were assured of reliable seed, and the growers here had, as an advan- REPORT OF THE MINISTER 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 tage in the disposal of their seed, the fact that it had been passed by Govern- ment inspectors. The chief officer of the division spent three months in Ireland during the end of 1919 and the beginning of 1920, and all possible assistance and advice was given to the Canadian flax growers in disposing of their seed. It may be said that the Irish growers expressed a decided preference for Canadian Ontario seed to that of any other variety. FLAX GRADIXG. A system of flax grading was started in 1918 and was found to be of the greatest possible advantage to the growers. This system of grading was enlarged in 1919, and it must be emphasized that, in order to obtain and retain a ready market, it ■will be necessary for all growers to have their flax graded in future. The grading svstem used in 1919 was the same as was adopted first in 1918. NEW MECHANICAL APPLIANCES. A Speedo scutching machine has been installed at the Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and is giving good results as to the amount of work it can turn out per da}', but the fibre produced is not so good or uniform as the hand scutched fibre. Experiments ■with this machine are being continued and it is hoped that eventually it will be quite a boon to the flax industry. The Vessot pulling machine is still also under experiment, and it has given every indication that it will eventually solve the difficulty of hand pulfing. There is also being tested out a new threshing and deseeding machine, which also promises to he highly successful. PRAIRIE FLAX STRAW. The experiment started in 1918 in connection with the prairie flax straw was completed in 1919. It was found that prairie flax straw can be manufactured into binder twine and can be utilized in the manufacture of felt. The formation of a company to operate in Western Canada on this prairie straw is at present under con- sideration, and this should prove of great financial advantage to the western flax growers. Division of Chemistry. The loss, thiough resignation during the past year, of several members of the technical staff of the di\nsion very materiallj^ reduced the working force; this fact and the continuance of special war work requiring immecfiate attention has seriously affected the satisfactory progress of those investigations the prosecution of which constitutes the primary function of the di^^sion's acti^-ities. This branch of the work, however, has by no means been neglected and though, in certain cases, work has been suspended for the present, the more important investigations have been to a limited degree carried forward. It is very satisfactory and encouraging to note the continued and ever- increasing response on the part of the farmers throughout the Dominion to take advantage of the offer of advice, information and suggestion in matters in which chemistry can assist practical agriculture. This must have resulted in a greater and more economic production of food stuff's on the farm in numberless cases. Correspondence with the " man on the land " has been from the establishment of the Farm system an important phase of the di\'ision's educational work. During the past 3'ear this correspondence has been more than usually heavy, and, one maj- be assured, has accomplished practical results of no small value. ntPASTMEM OF AdRICOLTCRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The total number of samples received for analysis and reported on during the past year was 7,613. Of these. 3,916 were flour, submitted by the Wheat Export Company, the oflficial Canadian agents of the Allied Governments, and to whom had been entrusted the purchasing of all flour supplies, since the early days of the war, for military and civilian use overseas. Our control work in this matter during the past four years has effected for the Empire and the AUies a saving of many thousands of dollars and, by keeping down the moisture content, has ensured the flour from spoiling during ocean transportation and storage. It has also, no doubt, been of value to\\artls maintaining overseas the reputation enjoyed by Canadian flour for quality and strength. The samples of feeding stuffs include a series of some 400 samples of feeds: bran, sliorts, oil cak(> meal, chops and provenders, etc., etc., — collected through- out the Dominion. This investigation has had for its object the obtaining at first hand information as to the character, quality and purity of the various feeds as found on the (\anadian market. In addition to a complete chemical analysis, a microscopical examination of each sample has been made by the Seed Branch to determine the relative purity of the feed with respect to the presence of noxious weed seeds and other foreign matter. The work on this investigation is about completed and the publication of the results ivill not only indicate the condition of the feeds as they are iipon the market to-day, but lirove a valuable report for reference and for the general use of farmers and raisers of live stock in the Dominion. About 100 samples of feeding stuffs have also been submitted by farmers, and these have been similarly analysed and reported on as to nutritive value and purity. The reports thereon have been written in such a way as to give the sender direct and definite information regarding the quality and nutritive value of the feed and to assist him in making an economical choice among the various feeding stuffs available for purchase. Assistance has been rendered to farmers by the examination of soil samples. These are not submitted to complete chemical analysis, [but such work of a chemical nature and physical character is done on them as will enable a report to be made as to their general nature and fertility, \\ith suggestions as to im- provement by drainage, manures, and fertilizers, suitability for various crops, etc. Closely related to this phase of work has been the examination and report- ing!; on several areas in the northwestern pro^nnces. British Columbia, and New Brunswick under consideration for the settlement of returned soldiers. The chemical and physical examination of soils in connection with the classification of certain lands in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan has l>een continu,°d. This investigation, which is undertaken for the Reclamation Service. Department of the Interior, has for its chief object the determination of the " alkali " in suspected areas, assisting in the classification of the lands involved into irrigable and non-irrigable. Soils from areas under consitler- ation for reclamation by drainage, have also been examined and reported on as to suitability for cultivation. Progress has also been made in the study of a number of problems closely related to the occurrence of alkali, e.g., the alkali content of soils as relatecl to crop gro'wth and the influence of irrigation on the vertical movement of alkaU. The influence of seasonal conditions — precipitation and temperature — on the composition of wheat as grown on the Farms and Stations of the Experi- mental Farm system throughout the Dominion is being studied. This investi- gation, carried on with the co-operation of the Meteorological Service, has been in progress for a number of j^ears and is yielding results of a valuable character in connection with the agriculture of the wheat-growing areas of Canada. REPORT OF THE MISISTER 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Analysis of sugar-beets, from Canadian-grown seed, as grown on the branch Farms and Stations, have been made. The results have demonstrated the high quality of beets from Canadian-grown seed and the suitability of soil and seasonal conditions in many parts of the Dominion to produce roots rich in sugar and of high purity. The relative feeding value of a large number of standard varieties of field roots — mangels, turnips, and carrots — as grown on the Central Farm, has been determined. As in former years, great differences in dry matter and sugar content were found between varieties in the same class of root. This work of late j'^ars has been carried on in conjunction with the Division of Forage Plants, the chemical data assisting in the selection and breeding of important varieties. Investigational work with fertihzers has been continued on a number of the Farms and Stations of the system. While it would be impossible in this report to enter into any detailed discussion of the results obtained, one or two outstanding features may be mentioned, as follows: the value of basic slags for heavy clay loams well supplied with humus; the superiority on the larger number of soils and for most farm crops of a " complete " fertilizer over one furnishing a single fertilizing element; the greater economy on " worn " lands of moderate applications of fertilizer in conjunction with farm manures than from the use of either alone; the forcing value of nitrate of soda as a top dressing in the earlier weeks of growth (a) on meadows, and (6) for many market garden crops. Rain and snow have a fertilizing value. Analysis of the precipitation at Ottawa shows there is furnished from this source between 5 and 6 pounds of nitrogen, per acre, annuallj', in readily available forms. The analysis of waters from farm homesteads continues to be found a popular and valuable phase of the division's activities. While the results of this work continue to show that the supplies on manj' farms throughout the Dominion are seriously polluted, it is equally evident that a large number of our farmers are now alive to the importance of pure and wholesome water for man and beast. It is encouraging to note that many are taking steps to secure such a supply and to safeguard it against local contamination. Ground limestone as an agent for correcting soil acidity and as an amend- ment for the physical and chemical improvement of soils, is yearlj- receiving an extended use in the eastern provinces of the Dominion. In this connection the division has analysed during the past year a nmnber of samples of limestone and reported on the quaHty of the deposits involved, for the manufacture of ground limestone. The Meat and Canned Foods Division (Health of Animals Branch) sub- mitted for examination and report during the year, 1,809 samples. These included condensed milk, butter, oleomargarine, lard, tallow, denaturing oil, preserved meats, sausages, preservatives, colours and dye stuffs, spices and condiments, evaporated fruits and vegetables, etc. The results of this work are used in standardizing and controlling the purity of the products of the packing-houses and canneries of the Dominion. Chemical assistance has been rendered several Departments of the Government service and in this connection it may be stated that the cancelling ink now used by the Post Office Depart- ment throughout the Dominion is manufactured from a specification drawn up by the division, after much careful investigatory work. 64 DEPARTMEyr OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Division of Botany, destructive insect and pest act work. The efforts of the department to investigate the white pine blister situation in Canada were continued during the year. The establishment of four control areas begun in 1918 was completed, and a fifth area laid out. The object of the control areas is to determine the efficacy of removing all currant and gooseberry vegetation which are within 500 yards of the white pine control area. North- western Ontario was found to be free from the disease. No increase in the number of diseased trees was found in 1919 over the number found in 1918. It would appear tiiat if there is any progress of the disease — which is doubtful^ — such progress is extremely slow. By Order in Council passed April 4, 1919, subsection / of section 7 of the Destructive Inject and Pest Act relative to admitting currant and gooseberry plants from the state of New York into the province of Ontario, was amended to permit of such admission. Section 12 of the same Act was amended April 4, prohibiting shipments of five-leaved pines, currant and gooseberry plants into Alberta and British Columbia from any other province of the Dominion. Bj' Order in Council passed on April 19, subsection g is added to section 7 of said Act, prohibiting the importation into Canada of certain species, hybrids and varieties of Berberis and Odostemon (Mahonia). Section 12 of the same Act was amended April 19, prohibiting shipment of certain species, hybrids and varieties of barberries and Odostemon (Mahonia) specified under subsection "g", section 7, into Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta from any other province of the Dominion. The potato certification service is making satisfactory progress. It is continually made use of bj' farmers and seed growers and is now being extended into the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, where it has met with the most valuable co-operation from the provincial authorities. In Ontario the work is beginning to show good result^. Certified seed potatoes towards the end of the fiscal year brought prices as high as S5-S6 per bushel. With wider production of disease-free seed potatoes, these prices will tend to lessen and the object of the work will be attained, namely not merely to encour- age the growing of high-class seed potatoes, but to effect a general improvement of yields owing to the elimination of yield-reducing diseases of the seed tuber. The free nitro-culture distribution was continued, and is being made use of more widely. "The results obtained from the use of these cultures have been very promising in marn' cases throughout the Dominion. The work in the field laboratories has made satisfactory progress. At the St. Catharines Field Laboratory, attention is paid to the control of the verj' destructive Inown rot of stone fruits, peach canker, a troublesome disease, leaf curl of raspberries, and many other problems affecting the local industry. At the Charlottetown Laboratory, the principal investigations related to early and late blight, leaf roll, mosaic, curly dwarf, and similar diseases of potatoes. Spraying of potatoes is more systematically practised in Prince Edward Island than before, largely due to the demonstrations of the beneficial results from spraying, carried on by the officers of the division. At Fredericton, attention is largely devoted to investigations of mosaic and anthracnose disease of beans, the diseases of peas and other vegetables, as well as to the control of club root of turnips, glume spot of wheat, and other local problems. Co-operative work is conducted at various private farms as well as at Cap Rouge and St. Anne de la Pocatiere, Que. DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICVLTURE 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The rust research work is carried on under direction from Ottawa, under the immediate supervision of the officer in charge, at Saskatoon, Indian Head, and Brandon . Some interesting results have been obtained. The black stem rust was found to winter over on wild barlej', anjl summer spores collected in April, having passed over from last season on this weed, produced, when transferred to wheat, the typical red rust stage. Late grain was badlj- rusted during the year — which is the usual experience. Several localities in the west were entirely free from rust. Investigations into the nature and control of a number of grain diseases were carried on, and the experimental plots established in various localities throughout the west are getting into shape for " strains of rust-fungus " observa- tions. The barberry eradication measure promulgated by the department has met with every support from the provincial authorities concerned. From January to the end of March, the officer in charge of the laboratory at Saskatoon gave a course in plant pathology to the liniversitj- students. Other investigations of a technical character are being carried on at all the laboratories; these are partly of an informatorj- and partlj' of a research character. In economic botanj' a large amount of work was done in giving information on weed control, medicinal and poisonous plants, etc., and in the identification of specimens sent in. An investigation was made into plants useful for binding drifting sands. Progress was made in the compilation of a catalogue of the native plants of Canada. The Cereal Division', the season. On the whole the season of 1919 was much more favourable for cereals in Eastern Canada than in the central and western parts, of the country. There was a period oT rather acute drought in Ontario and in parts of Quebec during June and July, but this was much less severe than the drought from which large areas in Saskatchewan and Alberta suffered. From a cereal point of view the year was one of the poorest on record, so far as yields are concerned; but the abnormalh' high prices enabled many of the farmers to make good profits from yields which in pre-war times would have been produced at a loss. TESTS OF VARIETIES. The methods- of carrying on plot tests are being graduallj' improved from year' to year as experience accumulates and the imperfections of the older systems are revealed. It is impossible, however, to carry on very instructive tests under the severest conditions caused by heat, drought and high winds, such as prevailed at a few of the Farms this year. The results at most of them, however, were interesting and valuable, but the details cannot be given in this brief summary. ^lany hundreds of varieties are being tried and from these the best only are being retained for propagation and introduction. At Ottawa where the largest number of new varieties is constantly under test, about 1,100 sorts were grown in 1919. NEW VARIETIES. The new hulless oat, Liberty. Ottawa 480, has produced a distinct sensa- tion. It excited so much interest that the stock for distribution proved alto- gether inadequate. About 550 samples were sent out, although, had the material 15—5 66 REPORT OF THE MINISTER 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 been jivailable, 10.000 samples could have been placed. The unusual character of this variety no doubt induced many farmers to apply for it. While this oat may not prove well ailai>ted to every district in Canada, it certainly gives promise of being valuable over very large areas. The extremely early maturing bean which is being sent out under the name of Norwegian, Ottawa 110, was in considerable demand also, liut the distri- bution of it was restricted to districts where the ordinary beans do not succeed. While the Norwegian is satisfactory for cooking purposes, its brown colour is a disadvantage and we do not wish to eiicourage the growing of this bean where the more popular white varieties will mature. A new fibre flax, Longstem, Ottawa 52, was available in small quantities but only a very few samples could be distributed. Arrangements have been made, however, to send out a much larger number next year, as it is believed that this flax has quite a future before it on account of its extreme length. It has already been tested for fibre production and found to be of unusual value. No distribution of the new pea, Mackay, Ottawa 25, was possible this season, but if the harvest of the coming summer is at all good there will be a small stock available to send out next winter. This is one of the most productive peas known. ■ ^ » MARQUIS WHEAT. This famous wheat, now recognized as the standard varietj- in Canada, has added another triumph to its already long list of victories by winning the highest award at the International Soil Products Exposition at Kansas Citj', Missouri. The prize winning exhibit was grown near Regina, Sask. In spite of the efforts which have been made, by extensive advertising, to displace ^larciuis by more recently introduced varieties, the pre-eminence of the older sort is still main- tained, there being undoubtedly a considerably greater acreage of Marcjuis sown (in Saskatchewan and in some districts in AIanitol)a and Alberta) than of all other varieties of wheat together. FREE DISTRIBVTION. Although a very large number of applications for free samples was received, the number distriljuted was not so very great, because we were obliged to disappoint thousands of applicants for samples of Liberty oats: applicants who did not seem anxious to receive anj'tbing else but the one sort. About 9,000 free samples were sent out; these consisted of spring wheat, oats, barley, peas, beans and flax. This M'as the first season in which beans and flax were on the list of grains for distribution. MILLING AND BAKING TESTS. It was not possible to give much attention to milling and baking tests during the past year as the time of the assistant who has carried on that work in the past was unavoidably given largely to other work. The principal tests which were made were to determine the baking ciualities of a numlier of new cross-bred varieties of wheat, crosses between JNIarciuis and Prelude, and between Prelude and another early sort which is not yet named. Other tests and investi- gations, such as those in regard to the effect of storage, have been suspended, but will be taken up again as soon as an assistant trained for such work has been obtained. DEPARTMENT OF AORICTLTCRE 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 PUBLICATIONS ISSUED. During the year two important little bulletins were issued, the first being entitled, "The Best Varieties oi Grain," in which details were given as to the varieties recommended for the different soils and climate of Canada. The other was called "The Use of Coarse Grains for Human Food." The aim of this bulletin is to encourage the use of oats, barley, peas, etc., as human food, on account of their advantages in price and in healthfulness; and also to show farmers in outlj-ing districts how they can reduce the cost of their food by grow- ing suitable varieties of grain and grinding them at home for their own use. Divi.siox OF Forage Plants. FIELD-ROOT SEED GROWING AS AN EMERGENCY. In conformity with the department's policy to ensure, through the Dominion Experimental Farms, an adequate supply of good field-root seed, the commercial stocks of which were seriously depleted during the war on account of import difficulties, the Division of Forage Plants arranged, in 1918, to have available large quantities of field-roots of the most popular varieties so as to be able, in case of need, to produce, in 1919, what quantities of seed might be needed to supplement the commercial supply. The precaution was found to be justified and, accordingly, root seed growing as an emergency measure was undertaken in 1919. The following approximate quantities were produced: — Mangel seed 15,000 lb. Swede turnip seed 12,000 lb. Carrot seed 1,000 lb. This seed was handed over to the Seed Branch and, through its Markets InteUigence Division, supplied largely to farmers' organizations. FIELD ROOT SEED GROWING AS A PERM.\NENT INDUSTRY. As a result of what has been experienced during the last few A'ears in the matter of maintaining an adequate supply of field root seed of satisfactory quality, the attention of the DiA-ision has been turned on considering seriously the possibilities for developing a Canadian root seed growing industrj' which, if successful, might make the Dominion independent of imports. Experience has already- shown that a fine quality of seed of the various root crops can be grown in Canada but whether it can be done in successful competition with European countries is still an open question. The DiA'ision has realized that, in order to compete with Europe, it is, in the first place, imperative that the Canadian-grown seed represent first-class varieties, i.e. improved varieties, true to tj-pe and name. In order to obtain such varieties, the Division has instituted a system whereby it will be possible to improve gradually nearly all the main varieties of mangels, swede turnips, and carrots now on the Canadian market. Quality of Field-Root Varieties. — The system referred to, although primarily worked out for the purpose of bringing about improvement in the main varieties sold in Canada, ^dll also, it is hoped, have an educational value inasmuch as it will allow the distribution of samples of varieties of guaranteed quality. At the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, as well as at some of the Branch Farms, improvement of a few varieties has already been accomplished, and satisfaction with the work done has been expressed by many who have tried the varieties in question. 15—5^ 68 liKPOUr OF rilF. MIXISTER 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The value of j;ood seed of improved varieties ean, it should l)e admitted, not he demonstrated to better advantage than just at present. During 1919, the division endeavoured to test practically all the root varieties offered for sale in Canada, the results showing that a very large number of varieties of an amazingly iioor qualitv are sold at present. There are, indeed, indications to the etYect that the ([uality of imported seed, in respect to varietal type and true- ness to nanii>, may continue to remain low for a time, largely on account of the fact that certain European countries have for export immense (juantities of seed of a rather questionable "genuineness." With the imported varieties low in quality, the Experimental Farms will therefore have a particularly good opportunity to demonstrate, through distribution of seed of guaranteed purity, of what great importance the use of really good, genuine seed is. When such demonstrations succeed in creating a general demand for varieties of a better type than are now available commercially, then, it is safe to jiredict, the Canadian farmers will find it possible to secure far better returns from root crops than they do at present. GR.\SS AND CLOVER BREEDING. The breeding work with grasses and clover which during the war had to be largely curtailed was resumed this year. About two dozen new varieties of timothy were planted for com])arative tests as to uniformity of type and value in general. For the same purpose five varieties of Orchard grass, six of Ken- tucky Blup grass, and thirteen of Western Rye grass were also planted. Special attention has been paid to the Western Rye the last few years, following the discovery that, in mode of fertilization, this grass behaves much like wheat, i,e., it is normally self-fertilized and therefore breeds true to type. A total of about one hundred distinct types, collected in Western Canada, have been brought to the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, where they will be thoroughly studied and tested for comparative agricultural value during the next few years. The Division of Illustration Stations. stations in the west. In 1919, seventeen Illustration Stations were operated in Alberta and fifteen in Saskatchewan, the rotations and cultural methods being similar to those carried on in 1918. In 1919, however, the weather conditions in the south- ern and central parts of both provinces were very unfavourable for all kinds of farm crops, but it was very evident that where a rotation included summer- fallow, much better crops were obtained. Forage Crops. — The natural prairie is rapidly being broken, making it essential to find a substitute for prairie hay. Western Rye grass has been growii for several years on the Illustration Stations and, wherever possible, seed is grown, as there is a great demand for this seed, at prices such as to make it a profitable crop, in addition to which the refuse may be used for fodder. Cor)i. — Corn growing in some cases was successful, while in others the extreme drought and early frost did considerable damage. However, it is advis- able to grow a limited amount of corn each year to ascertain whether or not a profitable crop may be growai which would eliminate part of the summer-fallow. The Northwestern Dent variety, so far has proved to be the best. Pure Seed. — Owing to the increased demand for good seed, the Illustration Station Division is making a special effort to produce large quantities of pure seed. The operators of the Illustration Stations usually, after the first year, have sufficient surplus seed grown on the Illustration fields to sow many acres on their own farms. The second year they usually have a large quantity for sale to their neighbours, at reasonable prices. VEPARTMEXr OF AGRICULTURE 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 STATIONS IN CUEBEC. In 1919, sixteen Illustration Stations were in operation in Quebec, on many of which much progress is being made. In the Gaspc district, where potatoes are grown to a large extent, after-harvest cultivation is practised in preparing the land for the potato crop. Two-j'ear meadows or pastures are broken about July 10, or earlier, the land being ploughed shallow, rolled and cultivated at short intervals to keep down all weed growth until autumn, when it is thoroughly ploughed and set up to the winter frost. Summer cultivation makes the sod suitable for the potato crop and destroys weed growth. Corn. — When suitable varieties of corn are selected, it can be profitably grown in most parts of the province. Roots. — Roots are grown on all the Illustration Stations. The farmers find them a necessary crop, as they supply succulent food to mix with the dry fodder for winter feeding, and the\- are also relished by all kinds of live stock. Seed Graiij.- — One-quarter of the rotation is sown with one of the leading varieties of grain, which usually gives a surplus of seed to be sold for seeding purposes to the farmers of the surrounding district. Clover. — One of the outstanding features of the illustration work is the improvement in the clover and timothy crops. Mr. Samuel Reddick, of Aubrey. Que., reports an increase in four yeais, o $\o per acre on his clover hay and $50 per acre on his clover seed. Clover seed growing was almost unknown in the Aubrey district before the Illustration Station was established, while a low esti- mate of the 1919 crop is $30,000. Several other districts, where Illustration Stations are in operation, are making good progress in growing clover for seed, and may even surpass the Aubrey district. Tile Drainage. — There are many parts of the province which could produce one-quarter more, if the land were tile-drained. An illustration on one of the Stations has shown an increase of 26 bushels of oats per acre in two years. In 1919 the increase in yield was not so noticeable on account of the season being particularly favourable to wet land and to the manner in which the land is now being ploughed and ridged. Neir Stations. — During 1919, the illustration work has been extended some- what in Quebec, seven Stations having been established which will be in operation in 1920. Illustration work has also been extended to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Six Stations have been selected in Nova Scotia and four in New Bruns- wick. These will be in operation during the coming season. The Division of Extension and Publicity. The work of the Division of Extension ami Publicity during the year con- sisted, as in previous years, in the preparing and staging of exhibits at fall fairs, poultry shows, seed fairs, and corn shows, and in the distribution of literature at these different exhibitions. The chief of the di\'ision, who left for France early in 1919, in charge of an exhibit to the Industrial Fair at Lyons, did not return to Canada until August. During this time an exhibit was prepared and sent to Western Canada, and shown at the following fairs: Regina, Calgary, Edmonton, Saskatoon, and 70 REPORT OF THE iliyiSTER 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Brandon. Kxliil)its were also sent from the Central Farm to a ntmiher of fall fairs in Ontario, and larger exhibits were staged at Ottawa and London. During the fall and winter a special poultry exhibit was sent out to a number of leading jioultry shows, including Toronto, St. Catharines, Peterborough, etc.; exhibits were also sent to corn shows and seed fairs in western Ontario. Exhibits were also sent out from the Branch Farms to the local fairs, although in some of the provinces it was found necessary to curtail the work owing to the scarcity of assistants. In Manitoba and in parts of British Columljia, the exhibition work consisted chiefly in the exhibiting of live stock. As the same exhibit structure had been at some of the Branch Farms for a number of years, it was thought lulvisable to have these changed, and during the month of January the striictures from Saskatchewan, Alberta, and ]3ritish Colum- bia were assembled at Lethbridge, where the British Columbia exhibits were repaired, revarnishcd, and the legends changed to suit the Prairie Provinces, and the prairie structures changed to suit British Columbia, and were then reshi])ped to the different Farms. Applications to the Central Farm for publications were also attended to, and much literature, chiefly exhibition circulars, was distributed at exhibitions. Experimental Station, Cil\rlottetown, P.E.I. Seeding was not general in Prince Edward Island until ^May 18. The season, though late, was favourable for all farm operations. Frequent showers through- out the growing season gave full crops of hay, grain and roots. The early part of hajTiiakiug. which commenced July 17. was fine; this was followed by showers which retarded the work and made it difficult to save the balance of the crop in good condition. Grain was cut August 25; a good harvest followed and all cereals threshed out better than was expected. A frost on September 15 killed potato tops in many sections of the province; quite a little rot was reported, but the crop in general was a good one. Satisfactory yields of turnip and mangel seed were obtained. The favourable weather during the autumn enabled the farmers to get their work well completed before winter, which set in with great severitj' the third week in December. The first Prince Edward Island egg-laying contest of twenty pens, was a great -success. A second one was started with two additional pens on November 1, 1919. The birds were not as mature as they ought to have been and the winter lajnng has not been up to expectations, but these contests have already created a great amount of interest in the improvement of the poultry industry in this province. An office building and seven contest poultry houses were constructed during the year. Several valuable additions were made to the Ayrshire herd at the Station, which now totals six cows and is headed by the valuable bull Ottawa Ivanhoe. EXPERIMENT.\L STATION, FrEDERICTON. X.B. The open autumn of 1918 permitted of fall work on the land being brought well toward completion. There was very little winter-killing. Spring opened early, the first ploughing being done April 23. June and July were dry and cool, August and September moist and cloudy with heavy rains in the latter month which made harvesting difficult. The first heavy frosts occurred October 2 and 9. The winter of 1919-20 has been one of the roughest recorded in the province. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Fourteen draught, and two general-purpose horses, together with 3 three- year-old colts, 3 two-year-olds, one yearling and two colts under one year, are on the Station. Of these seven are pure-bred Clj^des, nine high-grade Clydes and five high-grade Percherons. In dairy cattle, the dairy Shorthorn, Aj-rshire and Holstein are kept. The first-named breed gave the highest producer for the season, 14.682 pounds milk for a lactation period of 395 days. Grading-up experiments are under way with all the above breeds. In swine, the Yorkshire breed is kept and a number of pigs were sold for breeding. The flocks of Shropshire and Cheviot rams were sold to farmers. With poultry some very instructive data as to cost of production were gathered. With bees the average return per colony was valued at $2?. 18. In field crops, hay yielded a little over two tons per acre; oats, 665 bushels; turnips, 733 bushels; and ensilage corn, 17-2 tons per acre. Potatoes jaeldBd 297 bushels per acre. Test work with cereals, forage plants, fruits and vegetables was conducted. A comparison of Canadian-grown turnip seed with imported seed showed the former as 3-ielding over 300 bushels per acre more. A considerable quantity of turnip seed was obtained from stecklings grown on the Station the year before. A bull barn was built during the year, also two brooder houses and some general repair work done. Two acres were stumped, burned over and ploughed and a large quantity of stone removed. Exhibits were made at several fairs and a number of meetings addressed by the superintendent and his assistant. The Fruit Growers' Association and the Farmers' and Dairymen's Associa- tion, of New Brun.swick, held excursions to the Station. Experimental Station, Kentville, N.S. The spring weather in 1919 was about perfect for putting in the crop. The soil dried out early, worked up in good tilth, and the weather remained fine during seeding operations. The season was good for crop growth, the rainfall being about normal, amounting to 10 inches from April to September inclusive, very well distributed throughout the growing period. There were no frosts after the 17th ^lay and the first fall frost to kill tender crops at this Station was on the 2nd October. There were no heavy windstorms to cause damage to crops. The hay and cereal crops were well above the average. The harvesting weather was i\ot entirely satisfactory because of very frequent rains which delayed grain harvesting very much. The corn crop was the best ever harvested, the average of one 8-acre field being 18 tons 1,620 pounds per acre. The Longfellow variety has proven the most satisfactory. The total corn ensilage harvested amounted to 255 tons. Eight acres in clover yielded 25 tons 550 pounds, and the second crop on this area produced 960 pounds of clover seed. The total hay secured amounted to 135 tons and this, with the corn, furnished the roughage required for the Station stock. Twelve acres of Banner oats yielded 753 bushels or at the rate of nearly 63 bushels per acre. The total grain harvested was 1,352 bushels. Four and on-e-half tons of turnip seed were also grown. An average of 50 head of dual-purpose Shorthorns were carried during the year. These have made some very good records. Hedgyn Susan has averaged, for four lactation periods, 7,711 -6 ix>unds of milk for a lactation period averaging 301 days and an average dry period of 50 days. The milk tested slightly over 4 per cent of fat. The average profit per lactation period above cost of feed 72 llEl'ORT OF TUE MIMSTEK 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 was S78.96. Twenty steers were also carried in a feeding test during the winter. These made little profit above cost of feed. In poultry, the White Wyandotte and Barred Plymouth Rock only are kept. These have made good profits during the winter. One pen of Wyandotte pullets averaged 02-27 eggs, and a pen of Barred Rocks averaged 00-46 eggs each for the months of January, February and March. The apiary work has been extended from 21 to 36 colonies of bees. The average yield of honey was 122-8 pounds per colony. The highest yield from one colony w^as 316 pounds. The average production per colonv was worth $29.30. E.xperiments to determine the value of limestone were continued during the year. For a period of six years the value of the crop from an acre area on which groujid limestone at the rate of 2 tons per acre was used in the first and third years, was S479. 17, and on that not limed but otherwise fertilized and cropped in'a similar way was S410.17, a gain of S69 per acre from the use of 4 tons of limestone, costing for material and application, S16.80. Various fertili;zer tests on field and orchard crops were also made. The fruit crop on the whole was good. A heavy frost on the 20th October injured fruit not harvested at that date, resulting in some cases in much loss to the growers. The prices received for fruit exported were low and this, together with the high prices paid for barrels and high wages paid labour for harvesting, resulted in little profit from the orchard areas. In order to aid in the carrying on of training work for returned men who wished to engage in agriculture, an ad,jacent farm of 130 acres was purchased, and on this, men in training were given a practical training course under the direction of the Soldier Settlement Board. The men were housed in buildings ojp the Station property, the tools, implements and teams from which w-ere placed at their disposal for this work. EXPERIMEXT.\L F.\RM, X.\PPAX, X.S. The freeze-up for winter came on November 17, 1918, but winter itself was mild throughout with very little snow on the ground at any one time. The weather through April, 1919, was very backward, a normal mean average temp- erature prevailed throughout May with an occasional shower. Owing to the fact that very little fall ploughing was accomplished in the fall of 1918. seeding operations were late. June and July were good growing months, but August weather was most unfavourable for hay-making, rainfall being recorded on thir- teen different days during the month. September was normal in respect to temperature but lacked sunshine. October was a normal month but November was characterized by heavy gales and a precipitation of 5 '69 inches. The total precipitation for the year from January 1, 1919, to December 31, 1919, was 33 42 inches. Notwithstanding the unfavourable weather conditions, most crops were harvested in fairly good condition at the Farm. There was a good increase in live stock kept at the Farm during the year, especially in cows and sheep. Twenty-three head of beef steers were fattened during the winter. The poultry work was extended and in November, 1919, an egg-lajing contest was started, with twenty entries of ten birds each, and to date very encouraging results have been obtained, approximately nine thousand eggs having been laid by the two hundred birds. The season was not very favourable for honey production, onh' five hundred and ninety-nine pounds of extracted honey being produced from seven colonies, spring count. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 All grain, except mixed grain, was below the average. Oats yielded from 39 to 46 bushels per acre, wheat, 15 to I65 per acre; barlej' from 16 to 23 bushels per acre; buckwheat from 13| to 16 j bushels per acre; corn gave an average yield of 12 tons, 1,192 pounds per acre; mixed grain, 44 bushels per acre. Hay both on the upland and marsh showed an increase over the previous season. The range in yield on upland was from 1 ton, 1,400 pounds to 2 tons, 108 pounds, while the marsh land ran from 1 ton, 675 pounds to 1 ton, 836 pounds. The total hay cut was 325 tons, 440 pounds. Owing to unfavourable conditions the quality was only fair. Roots were very poor, the season being most unfavourable, consequently the yield was below the average, being only 508j bushels to the acre. Liming experiments go to show that ground lime stone will increase the production on our average soils. The apple crop was above the average for most varieties. Strawberries were just an average crop, there being much winter killing. Bush fruits were fair, gooseberries and raspberries falling below the average. The season was a poor one for potato production; the range in jdelds ran from 136 bushels, 40 pounds, to 433 bushels, 20 pounds, per acre. Dry rot was much in evidence. Some four acres of Monarch turnip stecklings were grown and pitted and 1,500 pounds of seed was produced. The necessary general repairs to all buildings were carried out and the roof of the bull and calf barn was shingled. A new farm cottage, 26 by 33 was built. An addition 30 by 33 was built on the old house at the creamery and the whole divided and made into a double house. Ten new colony houses were built for the contest work. Some 2,000 feet of woven wire fence was erected during the season. The split-log drag was used, not only on the Farm roads but on the roads leading from the Farm to Alaccan and Nappan stations. Agricultural meetings and exhibitions were attended by the superintendent and assistant to the superintendent and many excursions visited the farm during the vear. ExPERIMENT.\L StaTIOX, StE-AXXE DE LA POCATIERE, QuE. The spring of 1919 was late and wet, which kept back seeding operations until the middle of May. Precipitation was sufficient during the growing season and the weather was warmer than in preceding years. This resulted in a very rapid growth and complete maturity of all the cereal crops, and also made possible an ^abundant harvest of roots. The crops of email fruits were light, but on the contrary the apple crop was a very good one. Both native and European trees and also pear trees were severely injured by the winter of 1919, about one- half being totally destroj'ed bj' winter killing and the other half verj' seriously affected. The crops, therefore, of these fruits were practically nothing in 1919. The work with rotations, cultural methods, cost of production, test of suitability of varieties, etc., etc., was continued as in previous years. Tests of varieties of cereals, forage plants, vegetable crops and fruits were also carried on, as well as a number of experiments on the value of insecticides on the various crops. Nineteen horses were on hand, including eight Percheron mares and one Percheron stallion, these doing the work of the Farm, and considerable breeding with them is also being carried on. Interesting figures are being collected on the cost of raising colts, comparison of feeds, methods of housing, etc. The dairy herd of pure-bred and grade Ayrshires is gradually increasing year by DEPARTMENT OF AORWULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 year and improving in quality. Figuros arc bciufi; gatlicrcd as to the cost of raising animals to a productive age, also experiments in feeding, care and manage- ment are conducted. Yorkshire swine are kept, the work so far being confined to feeding experiments. A flock of Shropshire sheep is now being formed. With the bees, experiments are being carried on in different methods of wintering. The work with poultry is just commencing. The flock is being l)rought up in numbers so that ^-aiioiis tests and coniiiarisons may be earrietl on. A considerable amount of work in farm improvement was done during the year, such as work on the roads, gathering stone from the fields, drainage, etc., as well as repairs to certain of the buildings. An exhibit was made jn seven fields in the district during the year. Three excursions were held to the Station and a number of farmers' gatherings were addressed by the superintendent. EXPKRIMENTAL STATION, CaP RoUGE, QuE. The season. — The growing season. May to October, inclusive, in central Quebec, was warmer, dryer and duller than the average for the past seven years, the figures being, respectively, 57 '48 and 56 27 degrees F. for the mean temper- ature, 25 43 and 25 87 inches for the precipitation, 1,123 5 and 1,404 3 hours for the sunshine. Corn and hay were better than usual, while swedes were very poor. Potatoes were good and so was grain, except peas, which were only medium. The fruit crop was fair, with the exception of cherries which did not yield anything. Vegetables were extra, except roots, which were a poor crop. Live Stock. — A new Horse Farm was started, on a leased property of 450 acres, with thirty French-Canadian brood mares. Three more French-Canadian heifers went through the Record of Performance, which gives Cap Rouge the distinction of having more qualified females than any other herd in existence. Tne flock of Leicesters, numbering about one hundred head at the end of the fiscal year, is the largest in the province. The egg-laying contest for Quebec is located at this Station and the two hundred birds are doing well. Experimental work with different kinds of stores for wintering bees was continued. Crops. — Very interesting data were gathered, as to cost of production, comparison of rotations, rates of seeding, spring versus autumn ploughing for corn, etc. Variety tests of forage plants and cereals were made, seed produced for distribution and sale, and the isolation of good strains continued. Fertilizers. — A project was started to test the influence of phosphoric acid in promoting the maturity of corn. Burnt lime as compared with ground lime stone on large areas, which seem to promise better results than on small plots. Horticulture. — The orchards at Cap Rouge are now the most extensive in the province of Quebec, as the only two larger ones lost a great many trees in 1917-1918 while very few died here. There were 71 different projects with vegetables, which consisted of cultural experiments, breeding, and variety tests. Some of the seed produced at Cap Rouge, of tomatoes, for instance, has been distributed, on request, to every province of the Dominion and eve'n to the Yukon Territory. In 1919, 680 different varieties of flowering plants and ornamental shrubs were tested. Miscellaneous. — A good horticultural barn, with an underground but well ventilated modern cellar divided into six different compartments, was completed An exhibit of Station products was made at five different points and three diplomas were received. The correspondence and the number of visitors in- creased about 25 per cent, compared with the previous year, which shows that farmers take more and more interest in the work of the Station. REPORT OF THE MIXISTER 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Experimental Station, Lexxoxville, Que. Ploughing was commenced on April 19 and seeding on May 8. The very mild winter of 1918-19 was very beneficial to the clover crop; the first cutting, which was saved for hay, was commenced June 20. The second cutting started August 15, and was put into the silo, in which it conserved very nicely and made the best of feed for ail live stock. The season was also very favourable for grain and the corn crop. The AjTshire dairy herd has had a very good natural increase this year. The herd at present comprises 38 head, and 7 females qualified in the official Record of Performance. The work vrith this herd consists in ascertaining the actual cost of milk production, the cost of rearing calves and yearlings on different feeds. A new sheep barn was erected at this Station, 24 by 74 feet, which accom- modates a flock of 60 registered and grade Oxford Do'riis. One hundred and eight thousand feet of under-drainage was done this year; 350 rods of permanent fencing was erected, and the farm road of 3,457 feet was completed on the east boundary of the Farm. The poultry plant now in operation consists of an administration building, two permanent houses, 16 by 32, for the accommodation of 200 hens, and 5 colony houses. The work is with the Barred Plymouth Rock breed, all of which are trap-nested with the object of impro\-ing production as much as possible and to demonstrate the increased revenue which may be derived from birds of the best laying strains. Experimental Station, La Ferme, Que. The spring of 1919 was warmer and drier than that of the preceding year. Snow had completely disappeared by May 1. May and June were warm, with little rainfall — conditions favourable to sowing but too dry for good gro^\"th. On June 22 and 28 heavy frosts did a great deal of damage. Jidy and August were hot, ■s\-ith a good rainfall, whicli saved the crops. September was cold and wet, and harvesting was difficult; there was a heavy frost on the 10th. October also was cold and wet. The hay and grain crops were below average but forage crops and vegetables yielded well. The dairy herd is made up of some grades headed by an Ayrshire bull. A flock of common sheep with a Cheviot ram, has been established and has aided greatly in clearing awaj" undergrowth. The herd of sv^-ine is made up of 30 Yorkshires, from which demands for breeders have been met. During the season 25 acres were cleared and 10 acres stumped and broken; 2 miles of fencing was put up round the Farm boundaries; work was done on the Farm roads and on the highway', also on the extension of the water sj'stem, gathering stone, surface drainage, etc. A boarding-house and two cottages have been erected for the employees, and a stable has also been built. Experimental Station, Kapus.kasing, Ont. The months of April and May, 1919, were the most favourable for farm work that have been seen at this Station since it was opened. Seeding operations commenced May 17 and warm weather with local showers follo^\-ing directly after seeding caused a rapid germination of all seed. Rapid gro'nth continued until the middle of July, when all crops were seriously checked by drought which continued until the latter part of August. From September until winter set in it might be said that there was a continual rainstorm. 76 DEPARTMENT OF AQRICVLTVRB 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Fall wheat yielded 30 Imshels per acre: Ruby wheat matured anil yielded 26 bushels per acre; Marquis wheat, Prelude and Huron matured, yet, owing to extreme wet weather, the three last-named varieties could not be successfully harvested. The hay crop was light, yet of excellent quality and was harvested in good condition. A second crop of clover was taken from some of the land, and was cut and used for ensilage. Peas, oats and vetch grown for ensilage purposes were successfully har- vested, yet the extremely wot weather during the fall months made the har- ve.sting of this crop most difficult. Potatoes, turnips and mangels gave an exceptionally fine yield. Some trouble was encountered with cutworms that attacked the mangels. A very successful year may be reported in connection with all branches of horticultural work. A start was made wnth bees, two colonies being supplied by the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Sixteen horses were kept at the station during the year. The dairy herd of grade Holstein and Ayrshire cows did well, the milk record being satisfactory. Satisfactory results are being obtained in the grading up of the herd. The Shorthorn herd of beef cattle have, during the past year, given good results, an exceptionally fine lot of calves having been reared. Results from the sheep flock were not satisfactory, from 19 lambs born from 12 ewes, 7 only were successfully reared. A very successful year can be reported in swine husbandry, 52 young pigs being reared from 5 registered Yorkshire sows. The farm boardinghouse was completed and affords excellent accommoda- tion for farm help. An implement shed w-as built, containing a carpenter and blacksmith shop. A combined dairy and ice-house was built. All farm buildings were painted during the past summer, adding greatly to' the appearance of the Station. One mile of roads was graded: 80 acres of new land were summer fallowed; 50 acres sown in fall wheat. Seventy acres were cleared of timber during the winter of 1919-20. Five hundred cords of pulpwood were taken from the land, this being cut in connection with land-clearing operations. In atldition to the pulpwood there were 70,775 feet of spruce, poplar and balm of Gilead obtained from the Station's property. A 230-gallon-capacity coal-oil tank was installed. EXPERIMENT.\L STATION, MoRDEN, M.\NITOB.\. The winter of 1918-19 was exceedingly mild, and the snow not lieep at any ;ime. The spring opened late, however. Early working of the land was out of the question, for the soil remained cold and sodden. The summer was one of the hottest on record. Many hot weather plants, such as melons and corn, ripened in the open. The winter of 1919-20 began on the 9th of October, and continued very cold with deep snow until the end of the fiscal year, March 31. Horticulture is the main line of work at this Station. Probably there is at ^lorden the largest collection of hardy fruit trees to be found anywhere in Canada. The entire horticultural area of 90 acres was occupied with either fruit trees or garden in the summer of 1919. Much attention has been given the fruit industry in the hope of building up strains of fruit trees sufficiently hard}' to wdthstand the rigorous prairie winter. The attempt has been made DEPARTilEyr OF AGRICULTURE 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 along three lines of endeavour, namely: First: The sitting out of all standard material which have in them hardy blood. Second: The crossing of certain standards with hardy crab-apple stock from Siberia ancl other northern regions. Third: Seedlings arising from the most hardy varieties knowTi. From among this mass of material it is hoped to find varieties suitable to prairie conditions. Experimental work has been carried on ^^•ith the feeding of steers along similar lines to that carried on by other Farms and Stations, namely: Outside versus inside feeding; most profitable method of feeding: proper time to put on the market, and similar problems. The grading up work with sheep has been continued. Much improvement in the progeny has been noticed over that of the original range ewes, by crossing ■s\-ith pure-l'red Hampshires. Fleeces are obtained from these grades weighing about ten pounds on the average. ^lost excellent crops of timothy and clover were obtained as well as of Western rye grass. Some ten or twelve acres of rye grass were threshed for seed. It was found that the seed alone was worth more on the wholesale market than the hay would have been worth, if sold as such. Some twenty acres of potatoes were grown at the Station, of the Irish Cobbler and Early Ohio varieties. These varieties j-ield well at Morden, and attract much attention. Large quantities of beans and peas were planted and show the possibilities of these crops in southern Manitoba. Some progress has been made in the building operations. All of the machin- ery is now housed, and the sheep comfortably located in new quarters. The superintendent's house is nearing completion, and, though small, is well built and well situated. Some twentj' acres of land were purchased during the year, together with the buildings thereon. This will permit the opening up of the Farm from the village, and the beautifying of the grounds. The building of roads and pre- paration of this land will receive considerable attention during the coming season. EXPERIMEXT.\L FaRM, Br.\NDON, ^L\N. Spring conditions were about normal at Brandon in 1919. The seeding began on April 22 and was completed in good time. Crop prospects up to the middle of July were unusually good, but rust and extreme heat, with \\"inds, reduced the yield considerably below what the growth of straw indicated. However, even with this reduction, there was a fairly good crop of grain. Hay crops were light but corn was an exceptionally fine crop, producing a good grade of fodder and quite a con.siderable amount of ripe seed. Records of feed consumed by all classes of live stock have been kept and figures on the cost of production and maintenance of all types of live stock kept on the farm are available. Breeding operations with Clydesdale horses have been continued. Three colts of this breed were raised and four mares bred for next year. The dual purpose Shorthorn herd of cattle has increased in size and improved in uniformity. Several cows qualified for Record of Performance. Bull calves of this breeding were supplied to Manitoba farmers, but the supply was not equal to the demand for them. Experiments in steer feeding to test the value of recleaned elevator screen- ings (Standard Stock Food) resulted in this feed giving much better results when mixed with bran than were obtained from oat chop. A test of sunflower silage indicated a feeding value equal to that of corn .silage. Breeding operations with Yorkshire and Berkshire swine have been con- tinued. Experiments in hog pasturing have shown the possibility of materially reducing the cost of pork production by the use of pasture. Feeding experiments 78 DKI'AKTMEyT OF AGRICULTURE It GEORGE V. A. 1921 with recleancd elevator screenings have confirmed the results uf former tests, proving the great value of this feed. Experiments in the housing of swine have been continued. In sheej) breeding, work with tlie Oxford Down breed has been continued, also a comparison of the use of Oxford Down, Shropshire and SufTolk rams on a grade flock of ewes. Breeding operations with poultrj' have been continued with the Barred Rock and White Wyandotte breeds. By trap-nesting and breeding from the best layers, very useful egg-laying strains are being ileveloped. One Barred Rock pullet laid 248 eggs in her first year and a pen of 25 hens averaged 198 eggs all round. A new poultry house was built to continue the testing of styles of houses. An egg-laying contest was started. Twenty pens were entered by Manitoba breeders. The contest started November 1st and is to be continued for the year. The usual variety tests of cereals and forage crops have been made this year and data are available on the results obtained. Cultural experiments to liring out information on the best methods of conducting farm operations of all kinds have also been conducted, and much information has tieen accumulated. Sunflowers for silage were grown for the first time with good results. The eight crop rotations which occupy the major portion of the farm land were continued and results from year to year are compiIe"ielding 76 bushels 42 pounds, held its usual premier position. Grass plots sown either in mixtures or singh- to timothy. Western rye grass, Aimless Brome, Meadow Fescue, Kentucky Blue grass and alfalfa gave the best returns. Heavy jields of oats for ensilage, and of sunflowers were put into the silos in good shape. The root crop was a failure, owing to the dry season and cutworm attacks. Small fruits yielded well, and a few plums and apples set on new trees in the orchard. A good crop of hardj^ vegetables was harvested. The annual and perennial flower borders, hedges and trees were much commented upon by the numerous visitors. Experimental Station*, Scmmerland, B.C. The season of 1919 was most unfavourable to plant gro^\i:h. The spring was cold, rainfall very low, and water could not be turned on in the municipal ditches until May 15 owing to repairs which had to be carried out after the frost had gone. Comparative tests were made in feeding a herd of 25 beef cattle in three pens of 7 each and 4 stall fed. All made excellent gains and fair profits. Experimental feeding was also carried on with sheep and swine. The year was fairl}' successful in the divisions of poultry and bees. The fruit trees made slightly less gro^'th than desirable owing to insufficient moisture; in seed production, owing to the same reason, some of the plants failed to mature their seed. Some good work was done in the selection of pepper, tomato and cucumber seed. The yields in the di\asion of cereals were low, the straw was short and the grain in many instances was small and shrivelled. In the division of forage plants good progress was made during the year. Tests of varieties of mangels, corn and various other plants were carried out. During the year a foreman's cottage and a boarding-house have been erected, also a log-shelter for \-isitors. An exhibit was showTi at eight of the pro\'incial fairs during the j-ear. 18— 6i 84 DEP.ART}fE\T OF AORICULTURr 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Experimental Station, Invermere, B.C. The past season has been rather an unusual one in that practically every month had extremes one way or the other. On the whole there was consider- ably less rainfall during the growiuf; sea.son than any previous season since the' Station was started. The ground was in good condition when the- seeds were sown, liut growth was relatively slow, as May and June were Cjuite cool, there being three frosts in June. Early in August there was a heavy rainfall which helpeil the crops materially and brought them along to harvest. No experimental work with horses or cattle has yet been undertaken, but some figures on ^nntering brood sows are being collected. In field husbandry some very creditalile results have been obtained on the irrigated rotations, while on the dry land the crops were a failure. Mangels, sugar-beets and carrots were severely damaged by the cutworms. Alfalfa, clover and the grasses gave large j-ields. Excellent results were obtained with the cereals this past season and field peas gave record yields, the average yield per acre of the five varieties under test being over 60 'bushels. Prussian Blue variety was the highest, with 89 bushels per acre. Horticultural work is progressing very favouralily. A large number of varieties of vegetables and floAvers are being tried out. Bush fruits gave a high yield and some of the young apple trees promise well. Potatoes did remarkably well, ten varieties jaelding from 20 to 25 tons per acre. On the poultry plant, Barred Rocks. White Wyandottes, and turkeys are kept. Pedigree trap-nesting and breeding are carried on. Last year a small pen of Wyandottes laid an average of 227 • 7 eggs per hen and showed a profit over feed of S6.32, while a pen of 50 Rocks gave a profit of S3.45.per bird. The demand for .stock and eggs was greater than the supply. In the apiary, seven colonies came through the winter of 1918-19, and during the season produced an average of 126-4 pounds of extracted honey, the largest yield from one colony being 234 pounds. During the season the seven colonies were increased to eleven, and on IMarch 23, 1920, when they were examined, they had come through the winter successfully. An exhibit was shown at six provincial fall fairs during the season and attracted considerable attention and favourable comment. Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C. The months of April and May, 1919. were cool, damp and cloudy, resulting in an unusually late spring. Very little work on the land was accomplished in April and when the seed was finally so^ra the cool temperatures retarded growth. Up to the end of June hay and pasture crops did remarkably well under these conditions but cereal, corn, root and potato crops were late. Following the late spring came a very dry sxmimer so that although the first crop of hay }-ielded exceptionally well and was saved in excellent condition, the second crop of hay and the late pastures were poor. The cereal crop ripened too rapidly for heavj- yields. Owing to dryness the root and potato crops were light. In many districts an early frost injured the fodder corn. A very nice group of Clydesdale females, consisting of four mature mares, three yearling filHes, and one filly foal, is on hand. There are also ten grade Clydesdales and a driver. Figures on the cost of horse maintenance are being compiled. Because of the shortage of accommodation, the size of the dairy herd has not been increased. The herd numbers 72 head : 49 of these are pure-bred and 23 grade Holsteins. Some very nice long-distance records were completed. Agassiz Pietje Korndyke was the best four-year-old, her sister Agassiz Priscilla REPORT OF THE MINISTER 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Korndyke the best three-year-old, and Aurora Mechthilde the seventh prize mature cow in the Holstein Record of Performance. These three females won more R. 0. P. prize money la.st year than any other herd in Canada. It is gratifying to note that the herd has passed the seventh year without a reaction to tuberculosis. The experimental feeding and the manufacture of cheese have followed much the same course as that of last year. The flock of Dorset Horned and grade sheep is giving good results. Tea lambs, the oldest one born January 12, were sold the last of March for the Easter market. They brought S17.60 each. This branch of the sheep business promises a bright future. Eighty-one fleeces, totalling 647 pounds, were sold for 53 cents per pound. With swine, the experimental work consisted of comparisons of the self- feeder with trough-feeding and varying quantities of skim-milk against no milk and milk substitutes. To produce 100 pounds of pork the trough-feechng method cost slightly more than that of self-feeding and, when the labour question is considered, the advantage of the self-feeder may be still further emphasized. In the feeding of varying quantities of skim-milk, the most profitable returns were obtained from pigs fed at the rate of 8 pounds of skim-milk per pig per day added to a ration of 1 part oats, 2 parts screenings and 3 parts shorts. Others fed 6 pounds skim-milk each per day added to the same standard ration came second in order of profit, while those fed 10 per cent tankage added to same standard ration proved tankage to be a valuable substitute for .skim-milk when fed at this rate but not if fed at as high a rate as 20 per cent. Satisfactory results were not obtained when feeding the above standard ration \\-ith neither skim- milk nor substitutes. In the poultry department three varieties are kept. Barred Plymouth Rocks, White Wyandottes and White Leghorns. Several of the pullets of each variety laid over 200 eggs during the year. Plenty of green feed in the form of kale, rape and mangels fed in the fall and early winter proved of great value in the ration for producing winter eggs. Work in the forage crop section consisted of growing seven acres of mangel seed besides testing 37 plots of mangels, 24 of carrots, 4 of sugar-beets and 12 of fodder corn. In cereal work 13 varieties of barle.y, 10 of oats, 6 of peas and .some mixtures were grown. In the orchard plums and cherries gave a very heavy crop but apples and pears only a small crop and that indifferent in quality. Small fruits j'ielded heavily. All vegetable crops were fair and the roses and other flowers were excellent. A new horse barn, also a new office were erected. Underbrushing the remaining uncleared area on the east side of the Farm was completed. Four acres of land that had previously been underbrushed were stumped, levelled, ploughed and put in readiness for sowing. Experimental Station, Sidney, B.C. The conditions governing growth were favourable to established plants; annuals did not do well owing to summer drouth that was general over the island district. Autumn-sown crops and hay gave good yields. Small fruits, orchard fruit, and garden seed crops all gave excellent jaelds. The poultry breeding work progressed favourably, culminating in the production of the hghest producing family of White Wyandottes in the world. Cons derable expansion was provided for poultry breeding. The regular woik in experimental breeding, feeding and record keeping was carried on with Jersey cattle and Berkshire swine. 86 DEPAUTMF\T OF AORICTLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The oxpcrimontal orchard niado fair clpvelopment and produc-ed some excellent fruits of varieties ((viite new to Canadian horticulture. The field husbandry work jjave good returns from various rotation crops, and excellent yields were obtained in both grain and fodder. The soil improvement work carried on consisted of removing roots and stones and tile draining. The publicity work consisted of an exhibit shown at the larger fairs in the province. The cereal and forage crop work carried on during the year consisted of extensive variety tests, selections and hybridization. The work in horticulture was successful to the extent of producing 2,500 pounds of excellent garden vegetable seeds, and the obtaining of considerable valualile data on this line of work, which is new to the district. The apiary gave an average surplus of 100 pounds per colony. ."^ome building repair work was done. One house to be used as a residence was erected, also a small pumphouse, two poultry-houses, a shed and a 20-foot extension to the dairy barn. Substations. Experimental work was continued at Fort Vermilion, Forts Smith, Resolu- tion and Providence, Grouard and Beaverlodge in Alberta; at Swede Creek, near Dawson, in the Yukon, and at Salmon Arm, B.C., and further data were obtained as to the agricultural possibilities of these districts. It is proposed to issue, during the coming year, brief bulletins on the results so far obtained at Fort Vermilion and at Beaverlodge. HEALTH OF ANIMALS BRANCH. The work of this branch is limited to the administration of the Animal Contagious Diseases and the ]Meat and Canned Foods Acts and regulations passed thereunder, and is of a most important and far-reaching character, including, as it does, the protection of our live stock interests, our foreign markets and our export food trade. This work is of a highly technical nature, and as it frequently interferes with business interests, the exercise of tact, diplomacy and good judgment is required on the part of my officers at all times. IMore or less difficulty has in recent years been experienced in maintaining an adequate and efficient force, owing to the scarcity of suitable and properly trained veterinarians. This is a serious situation, in view of the fact that the work is rapidly increasing, and there arc many opportunities for investigational and research work, which, although of the utmost importance from an economic standpoint, cannot be undertaken until the trained help is available. As the application of veterinary science is indispensable to our live stock interests, it is of the utmost importance that there is an available supply of modernly trained veterinarians. Our live stock is undoubtedly our most valu- able asset so long as our herds and flocks are free from those serious diseases which sweep the older countries in epizootic form. An epizootic of any of these foreign diseases in this country would be a very serious matter indeed, as it would quickly transform this valuable asset into an alarming menace. It is consequently essential to maintain an adequate force of trained veterinary inspectors not only for the purpose of enforcing the regulations of this branch, but also for the purpose of prompt, efficient action in combating foreign diseases should they unfortunately be introduced into this country. Realizing the importance of preparedness, and in view of the shortage of veterinarians, the problem of encouraging suitable young men to enter the veterinary profession REPORT OF THE MISIf^TER 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 was discussed among other matters at a conference of provincial Deputy ]Minis- ters of Agriculture and other representatives held in this citj' on ^Iarch 17, 18 and 19. It was suggested that the Provincial Governments could assist by offering scholarships for competition at the agricultural colleges, these scholar- ships to entitle the winners to attend a recognized veterinary college. This suggestion met with the approval of the conference, and I, therefore, hope that if it is carried out by thepro\nnces, it mil be the means of inducing not only the winners of these scholarships, but also other agricultural students to take up the study of veterinary medicine. The standard for veterinary education has in recent j-ears been materially elevated. It is now necessary for the student to pass his junior matriculation before he can enter the only English veterinary college in this country. He must then attend college for four years before he can graduate. These requirements, while in my opinion quite necessary, have nevertheless a deterring influence, owing to the fact that the veterinarj' profession does not offer the same financial returns as its sister professions. As the services of highly trained veterinarians are invaluable in an agricultural country, the young man who enters the veter- inary college to-day, under its improved status, may expect better opportunities in the future with larger financial returns for efficient ser^^ce. It has been necessary to exercise the greatest vigilance during the past year with regard to overseas importations. Many of the countries of Europe have been experiencing very serious epizootics, and while, owing to the prevalence of these dangerous diseases in Europe, live stock importations have not been permitted for many years, there is always a possibility of infection being intro- duced through the channels of commerce. Shipments of hides have been continually arriving on this continent from foreign sources, and it has been necessary to regulate these shipments as far as practicable. The importation of these hides is prohibited, unless they are accompanied by certificates from reliable sources stating that the hides have been procured from animals free from contagious diseases. Shipments not accompanied by these certificates are held at the landing port until arrangements are completed for their disinfection at points where suitable facilities exist. The importation of these hides is undoubtedly a source of danger, but as it has assumed large commercial proportions, it is necessary to exercise caution in its control. In view of the great difficulty in carr^-ing out effective disinfection of hides, owing to injury and to the interference with tanning operations, the Veterinary Director General is conferring -n-ith the tanners with a view to recom- mending suitable and practical measures for our protection in this connection. I regret to report that foot and mouth disease has again been causing very serious losses in England. Outbreaks have occurred at frequent intervals, extending from the Isle of Wight to the northern counties. It has, therefore, been necessary to prohibit all cattle, sheep, other ruminants and swine being imported from that country for some time. In \-iew, however, of the great importance of permitting our breeders to import animals of special breeding, and owing to the fact that Scotland has not at any time had the disease -n-ithin its boundaries, importations are being allowed from Scotland, provided the animals have been in that country for a period of two months previous to their embarkation. The prevalence of rabies in England has also necessitated the taking of suitable measures to protect this country from the infection of this very serious disease. The importation of dogs has, therefore, been prohibited, unless such importations are accompanied bj' certificates signed by officials of the British Board of Agriculture, stating that the dogs have come from a rabies free area and that they have not been exposed to the infection of rabies for a period of six months prior to importation. 88 DEPAKTMKXT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 In the minister's last report reference was made to conditions following the recent war which would very materially increase the tlanger of introdiicinfi; into this country serious foreign diseases antl it was stated that tlie imi)ortation of horses known to have been in continental Europe was ])rohil)ited. Although these restrictions were in force one hundred and ten (110) remounts, the projK'rty of officers of the jSIilitia Dejjartment, arrived at the Atlantic seaboard on the steamships Duininion and Tacoma in the mouths of June and July, before I assumed charge of this department. I understand that these shijiments arrived without authority but were permitted to land under certain conditions. The horses were removed under official supervision to the old British Remount Depot at Dixie. These premises were ])laced under (juarantine and the horses were isolated thereon until March 15, 1920, when they were released and turned over to the jNIilitia authorities. The expenses in connection with the care and feeding of these animals were borne by that department. All possible measures were taken by my officers to prevent any possibility of disseminating infection in case any disease was found to exist. Visitors were not permitted to come on to the quarantine grounds, and in order to enforce this ruUng watchmen were kept on guard at all times. The danger which exists in importations of this kind was amply exemplified in the fact that it was necessary to destroy several of these horses for Ulcerative Lymphangitis, a foreign disease which became widelj- scattered throughout Euro])e during war operations. This disease had not previously been detected in this country, and if precautionary measures had not been taken and the horses had been distributed throughout Canada, mj- department would undoubted^ have been confronted with a very serious situation. Although my department has on more than one occasion been criticised for enforcing too rigid regulations in connection with the importation of stock from foreign countries, I am of the oinnion that too much care cannot lie exercised with regard to these importations. There are many very serious diseases prevalent in foreign countries, to the infection of which our stock has never been exposed. Canadian animals do not, therefore, possess active or passive immunity against these diseases, and if the infection were introduced there would be every probability that the epizootic would extend from coast to coast and decimate our animal population. In view of this fact it is essential to prohibit importations from countries where serious diseases are known to be prevalent, although I appreciate the necessity of importing valuable strains of various breeds to improve our herds and flocks. As a further precaution it is necessary for the importer to obtain a permit from ray dejiartment for the importation of animals from any part of the world except the United States and Ne\\'foundland. Applications for permits are carefully considered and are only granted for shipments coming from countries free from .serious contagious diseases. A quarantine system is maintained on our Atlantic and Pacific seaboards for the purpose of detaining animals under observation for a suitable period, to ensure their freedom from disease before they are permitted to come in contact with Canadian animals. The most important quarantine stations on the Atlantic seaboard are .situated at Quebec, St. John, X.B., and Halifax, and on the Pacific seaboard at Vancouver and Victoria. An experienced veterin- arian is in charge of each station and it is his duty to keep a careful supervision over the animals at all times while in quarantine. Suitable accommodation is provided free of ('harge for these animals, but the department does not assume any responsibility for their feeding and care while being detained. The im- porter must make his own arrangements in this connection. Outbreaks of contagious disease in this country are given prompt attention bj' a well-organized staff. The statistics for the year 1919-20, which are out- REPORT OF THE MISISTER ■ 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 lined in the special report of the Veterinary Director General, show a very favourable condition of affairs with regard to contagious diseases. GLANDERS. This disease has in the past given my department a great deal of anxiety and trouble, and it has been necessary to enforce an aggressive policy involving compulsory slaughter of all animals reacting to mallein, for which compensation has been paid. A rigid enforcement of this policy has practicalh' eradicated this very serious disease of horses, mtiles and asses. During the past fiscal year glanders has only been detected in the provinces of Manitoba and Saskat- chewan. The outbreaks in these provinces were quite limited and were quickly controlled, involving the slaughter of approximately sixty horses. Special care is taken to prevent the introduction of infection from foreign sources, and suitable regulations are strictly enforced in connection with these importations. DOVRIXE. Only two horses were destroyed for this disease during the past year. These animals did not manifest any symptoms of the malady, but the labor- atory tests, while not positive, were not satisfactory, and in view of the insidious nature of this disease the animals were slaughtered. Our investigations and laboratory blood tests of samples taken from thousands of horses indicate most conclusiveh' that this disease has at last been eradicated. The eradication of this diser.se has only been accomplished through the enforcement of s: ne radical mer.sures, which were at the outset very strongly opposed by the horse breeders. When this disease was first discovered in southern Alberta there was no satisfactory method for diagnosing the latent crses. It was, therefore, neces- sary- to prohibit entirely breeding operations over a large area and to keep many large ranches under quarantine for very long periods. As this procedure caused a great deal of opposition, which seriously interfered with the control of this malady, it was necessary to establish a quarantine station in the infected area for the purpose of conducting research work, with a view to obtaining a more satisfactory method of diagnosing these cases. Fortunately Dr. E. A. Watson was able, after close application to research work at this station for a considerable period, to perfect a laboratory method for making a quick and satisfactory diagnosis. As soon as this method was adopted the department made very rapid progress in controlling this disease, which was rapidly ruining the horse breeding industry in the west. It was necessary to slaughter a very large number of horses sho\^•ing no outward symptoms of the disease. The post-mortem results, however, confirmed this method of diagnosis, and as a result it has been possible, after many years of dihgent work, to eradicate this disease. HOG CHOLERA. This highly infectious disease has been dealt with during the past year in each province, except New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec, also the Yukon Territory. In the province of British Columbia, however, only 84 hogs were destroyed for this malady, while the largest number was slaughtered in the province of Ontario. Fortunately this disease has not been as prevalent as in the past. The policy of supervising the feeding of garbage to hogs and the enforcement of regulations requiring the thorough cooking of this material before being fed, has, I think, had a beneficial effect in preventing outbreaks. The policy of immunization with serum and virus, which is largely followed in the United 90 DEPARTMEXT OF .\<1I{I(ILTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 States, has not been necessary in this country. Although a few herds have been so treated, these have been exceptional cases, and experience has shown that my department would not be justified in extending this practice. MANGE IN HORSES AND CATTLE. Only a few limited outbreaks of horse mange have been detected in Canada during the past year, and these outbreaks have been eradicated without any undue trouble. Cattle mange has been limited to the provinces of Alberta and Saskatche- wan, but it has given this department a great deal of anxiety for many years. Our statistics, however, show that progress has been made in cleaning up local- ities, l)ut the infected area in these two jirovinces is so large that the general situation is materially unchanged. The policy of this Department in {)lacing a blanket quarantine over this large area many years ago was a wise procedure, and there is ne doubt that it has prevented the dissemination of this disease throughout this country, and has also been the means of retaining for our live stock men the United States market. Even though all possitile precaiitions are taken to prevent infected cattle leaving this area, shipments of atTected animlas have been detected from time to time in the United States market. Some of these shipments had been inspected at Winnipeg by officers of the Bureau of Animal Industry in addition to the inspection made by my officers. The inspection in question would undoubtedly be very carefully made, and although the inspectors were unable to detect any suspicious symptoms of m!\nge the disease was detected in some of these animals upon their arrival at the United States destination points. As a result, the United States authorities, during the past summer, refused to accept Canadian cattle. The situation was quite serious and the Veterinary Director General visited Washington and discussed the whole matter with the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry. The United States authorities, however, would only consent to permit the importation of Canadian cattle going south from Winnipeg under the following conditions: — Separate yards to be maintained in the St. Boniface stock yards for all cattle coming from the mange area, also separate yards for all cattle coming from outside points, accompanied by the required district health certificates, and separate yards for cattle from outside points arriving without these certifi- cates. They further refused to accept shipments of cattle from the mange area pens, pointing out that under the Act of Congress the importation of cattle into the United States, which had been exposed to infection of a contagious disease within sixty days prior to shipment, was absolutely prohibited. While the United States authorities would not accept cattle from the mange area going south ivom Winnipeg, under this system they accepted cattle coming from outside that area which were accompanied by the necessary certificates. The situation was serious, but it was necessary to arrange matters in Winnipeg in accordance with their ruHng, as other\\ase practically all our western export cattle trade ■would have been stopped. A peculiar situation resulted, owing to the fact that while shipments from the mange area arriving from Winnipeg were refused admi-ssion into the States, the American officers were permitting similar ship- ments at other western points, such as North Portal and Coutts. In view of this fact my officers did not refuse to issue certificates for shipments of export stock from the mange area whenever this was possible. Unfortunately this action on the part of my officers caused a great deal of dissatisfaction among the stockmen, owing to the fact that in cases w^here the routing of these shipments HEPORT OF TEE MINISTER, 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 was changed via Winnipeg instead of via North Portal or C'outts, the cattle upon arriving at the St. Boniface stock yards were not permitted to proceed south to the United States. This dissatisfaction became much more apparent and I considered it advisable to call a conference of all representative stockmen in Calgary during the month of December. It was my intention to be present at this conference, also the deputy minister and the Veterinary Director General. Unfortunately Dr. Torrance was not able to attend, and at the last moment I found a large deputation arriving in Ottawa to discuss important matters with me, which prevented me going also. The deputy minister anil Dr. Hilton attended the conference, at which representative stockmen from all parts of the mange area were present. I also considered it wise to arrange for all the veterinary inspectors engaged in mange work to attend this conference. All phases of the mange situation were discussed. The department's efforts to eradicate this disease for the past twenty-five years were reviewed and the stockmen were shown that they had failed to assist and co-operate with the department in the dipping of their animals. It was shown that at times when compulsory clipping was in force a very large number of cattle were not brought to the vats for a second clipping and that this neglect on the part of the stockmen was very largely the reason why mange was still found through- out this area. Some of the stockmen frankly admitted that they had neglected their duty in this respect, but stated that they were now willing to co-operate fully with the department and to see that all the other stockmen did so also, provided, however, that the department would remove the blanket ciuarantine as soon as dipping was completed. The difficulties in connection with clipping such a large number of animals iji such a large area, under such varj-ing conditions, were very fully explained and the stockmen were ad\-ised that if they would assist the department to enforce satisfactory dipping under a compulsory order during a given period, the blanket tpiarantine would he removed and the department would then deal with individual outbreaks as a separate and independent ciuarantine. This decision was well received and the stockmen gave their assurance of full and hearty co-operation. It was. therefore, unanimously agreed that the depart- ment shotild enforce a compulsory mange dipping order at a suitable date, and I have just recently decided to have this compulsory dipping enforced from June 24 to July 5, 1920, this period appearing to be the most satisfactory to all concerned. My officers in the mange area have been working persistently and con- scientiously during the winter months in an endeavour to ascertain what par- ticular districts are actually free from mange, as it is important to restrict the compulsory mange dipping order to as small an area as possible.- I was very glad to be able to sign an order, which became effective on March 30, 1920, considerably reducing the mange area. It is very fortunate that this conference was arranged, as it was the means of urging a better understanding between the stockmen and mj- department. Energetic measures have been taken, and are still in progress, to organize the various districts for the compulsory dipping. The area has been di\'ided into numerous .small districts, in each of which a committee of stockmen have been chosen and special work assigned to them with regard to dipping operations. These committees are working in close co-operation with my officers, and indi- viduals on each committee have been assigned to special work before dipping commences and during the progress of dipping. I have, therefore, every reason to believe that a most thorough roundup of all cattle in the area will be made, and that the dipping will be carried out under the most favourable circum- stances. 92 Dt:i'ARTMf:XT OF AdRKULTVItE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 I fully :i))prpciate the re.spon.siljility resting n\^o\\ my department in the removal of the blanket quarantine, as this \\\\\ throw open a very large territory and permit the indiscriminate shijjijing of all cattle in that area. As it is essen- tial to ])revent diseased animals arrivinj; at our American markets, it will be necessary to exercise a close supervision over tlie old infected area for some time, with a view to placing special quarantines wherever any susjiiciuus syni])- toms of the disease may be found. SHEEP SCAB. This troublesome disease of sheep is fortunately very rare in this country. Outbreaks during the past year have been dealt with in the province of Mani- toba, but these outbreaks have occurred in districts in which the disease was discovered a year ago. The outbreaks, however, were limited in number and were ])r()iniitly controlled, and I trust that the di.sease will be eradicated with the sj)ring dippings. A few outl)reaks of this disease were also discovered in the province of Saskatchewan, and in each instance the infection was introduced by sheep shipped from districts in Manitoba in which the disease was later found. In order to protect our flocks from the introduction of infection from outside sources, all sheep imported from the United States, with the exception of those for immediate slaughter, are held at the boundary i)ort for a period of thirty days, unless they are accompanied by a satisfactory dipping certificate signed by an officer of the Bureau of Animal Industry. TUBERCULOSIS. In view of the wide distriljution of this disease and its chronic tendencies in cattle, no compulsory measures are being enforced in an endeavour to control and eradicate it. The importance of taking suitable measures cannot be too strongly emphasized, especially so as the disease is gradually increasing in this country. The Meat Inspection statistics show that it has increased from 2 to 3 per cent in cattle and from 4 to 8 per cent in hogs. There are, however, so many difficulties in the enforcement of effective measures to control this disease, that before active steps can be taken it is essential to obtain the hearty co- operation of all live stock men. While there is no doubt that many of the intelligent live stock owners realize that something must be done to control this disease and are quite willing to assist in man}' measures which may be enforced, there is nevertheless a much greater number who are not at all in sj-mpathy with the taking of active measures. The Municipal Tuberculosis Order, which was passed a number of years ago, and which provides for material assistance to any municipality from this department, has not been taken advantage of to any great extent. It was found necessary three years ago to amend this order, owing to the fact that many dairymen objected to having their cattle tested with tuberculin. Munici- palities can now obtain the assistance of the department under this order, provided that the milk from cattle, whose owners object to the tuberculin test, is properly pasteurized. The United States pure-bred breeders a few years ago realized the necessity of controlling this disease and they appreciated the fact that unless some suitable measures were taken the live stock breeding industry would not make satis- factory progress. They, therefore, arranged for a conference with the Bureau of Animal Industry ancl the State officials and the question was very thoroughly discussed. It was finally decided to accredit the herds which were found to be free from tuberculosis after they had been tested by federal officials for a definite period. Committees were formed to study out this plan and finally it was REPORT OF THE MINISTER 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 decided to call it the Accredited Herd Plan. The federal authorities passed suitable regulations and this plan has now been in force for several years and has proved to be a practical plan, a workable plan, and a popular plan among the live stock breeders who are familiar with it. There are at the present time in the United States over one thousand accredited herds of pure-bred animals, and there are a greater number of herds undergoing accreditation. As soon as the State authorities realized the value of this work they immediately passed more stringent interstate regulations to protect their own herds. The Canadian pure-bred breeders are now finding that it is a great deal more difficult for them to ship their animals to United States points than it was a few years ago. It was soon apparent to me that this department must inaugurate a similar plan and the necessary measures were, therefore, taken for the passing of suitable regulations for the Accredited Herd Plan in this country. These regulations became effective in September last and apphcations are being received regularly by the Veterinary Director General from o\\Tiers desiring to have their herds placed under the supervision of the Department for accreditation. There is a mutual agreement between the United States Government and my department, under tlii* plan, that cattle from accredited herds can enter into either countrj' without detention or test. This will be of inestimable value to our pure-bred breeders as soon as they are the o-i\'ners of accredited herds. Under the ^Municipal Tuberculosis Order and the Accredited Herd Plan compensation is paid for animals slaughtered under the supervision of a" veteri- nary inspector and the owners also obtain in addition thereto whatever salvage they can procure from the carcass. The department also takes charge of eliminating tuberculosis in the herds and maintaining such herds free from this disease. A compensation pohcy is not followed under this system, but the department supplies the services of its officers free of charge and all possible measures are taken to eradicate the disease in the herds placed under its supervision. The owners must remove all reacting animals promptly from the herd. These reactors are permanently earmarked by a veterinary inspector after which the owner can dispose of them as he sees fit, subject to the approval of the department. The department also supplies a large number of doses of tuberculin free of charge to qualified veterinarians, upon the written request of owners, provided the veterinarians forward reports of each test on charts supphed to him for this purpose, and further that the owners hold all reactors on their premises until they have been permanently earmarked by one of my officers. This tuberculin is manufactured at the Biological Laboratory in Ottawa. This very serious disease exists only to a very small extent in Canada. Isolated outbreaks occur in the proxnnce of Ontario and Quebec in the same districts from year to year. The number of cases, however, during the past year were very much smaller than they have been for many years. This disease has not been found to exist in this country at any time during the past year. In view, however, of the outbreaks of this disease in England during the past year, it has been necessary to prohibit the importation of dogs from that country unless accompanied by a certificate signed by an officer of the British Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, stating that the dog has come from a rabies free area and has not been exposed to the infection of rabies for a period of six months prior to date of shipment. DEI'AHrMKyT UF AORirULTLRF 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The regulations with regard to the importation of foxes to Prince Edward Island are still being enforced and have, I believe, been the means of preventing the introduction of serious diseases among foxes, which would have interfered very seriously with the valuable fox industry. A large number of fataUties, however, ilid occur, principally among the young vixen, and it was necessary to send one of my pathologists to the island to contluct investigational work. It was found that the principal cause of the trouble was malnutrition. In view of the great importance and value of this industry a suitable small laboratory is being ecjuipped at Charlottetown where suitable research work can be conducted by the pathologist stationed there. I have also arranged to have suitable nutrition experiments carried on at our Research Station in Hull, and have securetl the services of a nutrition expert to work in connection with the pathologist at that station in an endeavour to ascertain facts with regard to the feeding of foxes, which I trust will be of inestimaide value to the fox industry. LABORATORIE.S. The Department maintains laboratories at Ottawa, Lethbridge, Alberta, and Agassiz, B.C. The Biological Laboratory at Ottawa is maintained chiefly for the- purpose of microscopically examining the numerous specimens received for diagnostic purposes, as well as for the manufacture of biological products used for diagnostic and immunizing purposes. The tuberculin and mallein used by our officers is manufactured at this laboratory, also a very large amount of Idackleg vaccine, which is sold to stock owners at cost. One of the pathologists at this laboratory is also devoting some time to research work in connection with contagious abortion, and live culture is now available for any live stock owner who may desire to employ a veterinarian to immunize his animals. I am given to understand that this vaccine is giving very encouraging results. In view of the limited facilities at this laboratory, especially for research ■work, a suitable site was purchased two .vears ago on the Mountain Road in Hull. A laboratorj- has been equipped on this site and other suital^le buildings have been erected. It is my intention to have the more important lines of research work carried on at this station. In \'iew of the importance of conducting research work with serious contagious disea.ses my Department has gone to con- siderable expense to erect a fence around this station, which will prevent any pos.sibility of infection being carried out of it l\v small animals. The value to our live stock interests of properly conducted research experi- ments cannot be over-estimated. It is difficult, however, to find suitable and capable individuals to carry on this work ,and it will be necessary, therefore, to select suitable young men who enter the service and to encourage them in this work, in order that it can be carried out to the best possible advantage. The work in the laboratories at Lethbridge and Agassiz consists principally of the investigation of diseases peculiar to the provinces in which these labora- tories are maintained. A great deal of the time of the pathologist at Lethbridge has been devoted to the examination of blood taken from suspected cases of dourine, while the pathologist at Agassiz is largely engaged in investigating the Ufe-history of certain parasites, with a view to determining to what extent they may carry infection of contagious diseases. Work has also been conducted at the latter laboratory in connection with plant poisoning. REPORT OF THE MI^'ISTER 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 IXSPECTIOX OF STOCK CARS AXD YARDS. An organized force of inspectors is maintained for the sole purpose of cleans- ing and disinfecting railway stock yards, corrals, chutes and stock cars, and in order that stock cars can be sj-stematically disinfected from time to time an order has been in force for many years recjuiring all empty stock cars passing through certain definite points throughout this country to be held and di.sinfected at these points. This order has given very satisfactory results. In addition to stationing car inspectors at the points mentioned in this order, as well as at other points where cars can be properly disinfected, a number of travelling inspectors are employed, who cover definite territories and superxise the work of the local men. The travelling inspectors also consult with the rail- way companies, with a view to making arrangements for this work and getting the co-operation of these companies. I am glad to be able to state that my department has experienced very little difficulty in enforcing its regulations with the transportation companies. QUARAXTIXE STATIOXS AXD IXSPECTIOX PORTS. Quarantine stations and inspection ports are maintained on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and along the international boundary. Suitable regulations are enforced \\ith regard to the importation of all animals from foreign countries. Unfortunately it has been necessary to prohibit the importation of cattle, sheep, other ruminants and swine from any part of England, owing to outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in that country, and, therefore, the quarantine stations on the Atlantic seaboard have not been used to any great extent during the past year. Meat axd Caxned Foods Divisiox". The work of this division has been carried on very well considering the handicap experienced through the lack of a sufficient number of qualified inspec- tors. The figures for the 3-ear show in the slaughter of cattle an increase of 126,000, in sheep of over 202,000, while there has been a decrease of 150,000 in the number of swine killed. The variety of diseases found on post-mortem has varied but little. The principal of these is tuberculosis. I regret to say that this disease continues to show a gradual increase but I trust that in the very near future it will be possible to develop a pojicj' which will tend to its control and final eradication. During the year a number of prosecutions were instituted concerning the sale of oleomargarine. It is unfortunate that so many dealers permit their greed for money-making to destroy their sense of honour and fair dealing to the extent that they transgress the law by misrepresenting their product and selling a food under a misleading name. This is particularly to be regretted in connec- tion -ft-ith the importation, manufacture and sale of oleomargarine, a produce permitted to be made and sold in Canada owing to the extremely high price of butter which has placed that food beyond the reach of the family of the ordinary indi^■^dual. In connection with the different actions taken, con\'ictions were secured and in the majority of instances substantial fines were collected. A rigorous policy of prosecution will be pursued against all those who continue to disregard the requirements of the law. During the year inspection was granted to one or two oleomargarine plants, but for some reason best kno^\■n to the proprietors these did not continue oper- ations beyond a very short time. Our requirements regarding sanitation and 96 DKf'AHTMEXT OF AdRIVVhTlKE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 eqiiiiHiii'nt were such that they felt they could not comply with them conse- quently our ins]ieetors were withdrawn and the plants closed. In the month of Xovemhcr the packing-house in Chatham, ()nt., was again placed under inspection. A closer supervision of all our export meats has heen inaugurated, in connec- tion with which it is necessary to send our officers to outside points to reinspect and certify products that have been placed on outside storage waiting for trans- portation. This system of storage is not altogether satisfactory in connection with the handling of meats, yet owing to the fact that the slaughter of cattle is i)articularly heavy during the fall and the refrigeration accommodation at the packing-houses is not sufficient to hold the meats slaughtered and transporta- tion facilities are inadequate, it is absolutely necessary that these foods lie placed in properly refrigerated premises until such time as market and transportation conditions are satisfactory so that they may be exported. The completion of the new cold storage at Montreal, which will be modern and up to date, will to a great extent obviate the necessity for these meats being forwarded to storages in the United States. This will have the extra advantage of keeping such meats under the direct supervision of the officers of this division and their being at all times absolutely under Canadian control. Early in the year a meeting of those engaged in the canning of fruits and vegetables was called in Toronto when the new standards for these products were discussed and agreed upon. In the past it was unfortunately too true that the label on this class of food was no indication of the contents of the tin. The idea of the new standards was in keeping with the requirements of the Act which distinctly states that the label placed upon such products must show a true and correct description. In order that there might be no misunderstanding regarding these matters it is now requiretl that all such lal>els be forwarded for approval. This has entailed an immense amount of work for my officers, yet wonderful progress has been made. It has been impossible in all cases to adhere strictly to the regulations regarding labels as many millions of the labels were in the hands of the packers and some little time was given in order that a number might be used up in order to minimize their loss. However, it is expected that from this time on all labels used on products of this kind will convey to the purchaser and consumer a reasonable guarantee as to the contents of the tin. The amendment to the Act of the year previous, governing imports, is beginning to have its effect. It was necessary, in order that imports might be controlled, to examine hundreds of samples of foods brought into Canada, with the result that a great many carloads were held on account of being impro- perly graded, and in different instances these held consignments were returned to the point of origin. Several shipments were also returned because of the fact that at the time of their entry into Canada they were unfit for food. This work of inspection is developing very rapidity, and with a Httle patience on the part of the public w'e hope to have it in such shape as will preclude the possibility of any unsound or improperh' labelled food being offered for sale. REPORT OF THE MrXISTER 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 FRUIT BRANCH. THE FRUIT SEASON. The effect of several years of neglect of orchards in Ontario and the result of the unusually severe weather during the ^\'inter of 1917-18 continued to be in evidence throughout the season of 1919. IVIanj- orchards in the province of Quebec and a few in Ontario, which produced a crop of apples in 1918, had a heavy bloom in 1919, but shortly after the fruit had formed the leaves yellowed and both fruit and leaves dropped, and the trees died. Weather conditions at the beginning of the season were con.sidered favour- able and, generally speaking, there was an abundance of bloom in all fruit- growing sections. In Xova Scotia and New Brunswick the weather was favour- able during the blossoming period which resulted in a heav}- set of fruit. In Quebec and throughout the apple-growing districts of Ontario the weather was cold, which retarded the bloom. Early varieties in Quebec were practicall}' a failure, but with later varieties in both pro^ances, the set was fair and consider- ably greater than the previous year. In the tender fruit districts of Ontario a mild winter was followed by a back- ward spring with an unusually heavy rainfall, which made it impossible for growers to get on the ground to apply the firtt spray which is necessary to control peach leaf curl; as a result many orchards were badlj' affected and produced little or no crop during the season. It is doubtful if there ever was a season in the Niagara peninsula when the blossom on nearly all fruits was greater, but un- favourable weather during the blossoming period resulted in a verj' poor set. Sweet cherries did not yield over ten per cent of a full crop; sour cherries were better and yielded approximately sixty per cent; plums were very light, estimated at not over fifteen per cent; peaches varied, in some districts a com- plete failure, in others a fairly good crop, on the whole about fifty per cent of an average crop ; pears were approximately fifty per cent and grapes a full crop. The period of hot, dry weather greatly recluced the crop of raspberries. In British Columbia weather conditions were favourable until the end of May when there were slight frosts which injured the first bloom, but the weather follow- ing the frosts continued cool and cloudy for about one week. During the first two weeks of June the weather was exceptionally favourable but turned cool with rain toward the middle of the month, and was verj- favourable for the balance of of the month. All trees and plants made excellent growth. July was very hot and unfavourable to the growth of raspberries, which reduced the yield. Nova Scotia gave promise of a crop of apples equal to or greater than that of 1911, which was appro.ximately 1,800,000 barrels. A serious infestation of apple scab greatly recluced the quality of the fruit, especially the Gravenstein. During the early part of October there was a frost which chilled the apples severely, but apparentlj- did no damage as the weather follo^\-ing was cool and cloudj-; this was followed by a severe frost on October 20, and some apples in all sections were frozen solid and thousands of barrels were rendered useless. The crop as estimated by our chief inspector was practically 1,600,000 barrels, over 475,000 barrels of which were exported to the United Kingdom. An unusual feature in connection with the marketing of the Nova Scotia crop was the shipment of 587 cars to the United States, the greater proportion being bulk for the cider and vinegar factories. Generally speaking, the prices obtained for all fruits during the 1919-20 season established a record. The high prices were no doubt due to the short crop and to the world demand for preserved fruits, together with the unpre- cedented demand for fruit syrups in the United States. 15—7 98 • jjKPARTME.yT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 FRVIT CROP REPORTS. During the grownng season the publication of the Fruit Crop Report was continued, but it was issued as "The Fruit and Vegetable Crop Report" in order to accede to numerous requests from growers and dealers who asked us to publish a report including crop estimates, prices, etc., of potatoes and onions as well as of all varieties of fruit. The reports gave in concise form, crop prospects and conditions in all parts of Canada, from June until October, inclusive. They also included summarized reports of crop conditions in countries whose fruit and vegetables come into competition with our Canadian-grown jiroducts. Telegraphic Market Reports were issued simultaneously at Middleton, N.S., Ottawa, Winnipeg and Vancouver, throughout the marketing season, twice weekh- during the period of heavy movement, and once each week there- after. These reports contained the prices of all fruits grown commercially in Canada, and of some vegetables, and any items of special interest to facilitate marketing. Quotations were telegraphed by officers of the Fruit Branch located throughout Canada and, during the season when apples are exported, cablegrams were received direct, from the Canadian Fruit Trade Commissioner in Great Britain. THE BRITISH M.A.RKET. When it was evident that the crop of apples in Nova Scotia would be a large one and other fruit-growing provinces gave promise of fair to good crops, it was realized that there would be a sufficient quantity of second and third grade apples to export at prices to the consumers in Great Britain considerably lower than the control price fixed by the British Ministry of Food (67 s. 8 d. per barrel and 20 s. 10 d. per box). It was also realized that the demand for the better grades and varieties would be such that the price in an open market would be greater for them than the control price. Having in mind that the British Slinistry of Food were interested only in apples as food and not in the better grade and varieties as such, an effort was made by the Fruit Branch to have the control removed, which would permit Canadian, apples being sold on a free market. Our request received due consideration but was not granted, the reason being that the experience of the British Food Administration where the control price was removed had been ver}- unsatisfactory, and it was deemed by them advisable to continue exercising control. As the home and United States markets were very attractive for the better varieties and higher grades, only a small portion of the first grade was exported. Our first opinion was supported by the prices received as the season advanced. While the market opened up strong, with increasing quantities, great weakness in the lower grades and poor varieties was noticeable, but it remained very firm for the better varieties and grades, which in many cases, even with No. 2 apples packed in boxes, brought the maximum control price. There is still some doubt as to whether the control will be removed for the coming season, Ijut exporters generally are very desirous that it should be as they are prepared to compete on an open market with the product from other countries. AUSTRALIAN EMBARGO. Owing to the export market being cut off on account of the impossibiltiy of securing steamer space, an embargo was placed on the importation of apples into Australia in order to protect the home grower. This prevented British Columbia from exporting the usual quantity, which in 1916 amounted to 70,000 boxes, in 1917 to 76,000 boxes and in 1918, owing to the embargo, to only 18,000 V)oxes, REPORT OF THE MINISTER 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 which were shipped to New Zealand. Efforts were put forth through the Depart- ment of Trade and Commerce to have this embargo removed or modified, but without success as the Australian crop must necessarily be consumed at home. OTHER MARKETS. Owing to the reduced acreage of apples in Ontario and Quebec from the causes already noted and from a similar reduction from the same causes in the States to the south, it is not expected, even under favourable conditions, that the crop of apples in Canada or the United States for several years to come will be such as to cause the growers any great concern as to the returns they might receive for their fruit. In preparation, however, for the time when it will be necessary to widen our distribution and increase our export markets, an inquiry was made through the Department of Trade and Commerce as to the possibilities of marketing Canadian apples in the various countries and with special reference to the regulations governing same. All information in this respect has been published in the Weekly Bulletin of the Department of Trade and Commerce. SUGAR SHORTAGE. With the approach of the small fruit season in 1919 it was evident, from information received through various channels, that there would be insufficient sugar to meet the requirements of the preserving season. As the sugar refiners were then operating under license of the Canada Food Board, this body was immediately appealed to for assistance in obtaining greater quantities to meet the needs of the preserving season. The records of the Board showed that a greater quantity of sugar had been sold than during the year previous, and it was their opinion that wholesale dealers were holding large stocks for increased prices. At the request of the Food Board, therefore, the Fruit Branch made an investigation of the quantities held by the wholesale dealers in the West, where the shortage was most acute, and found that the dealers in no case were holding any quantity, simply enough to meet their immediate needs. As the Canada Food Board was winding up its affairs, the matter was referred to the Canadian Trade Commission and every assistance was rendered that body in their efforts to meet the requirements by means of a more equitable distribution of available quantities. A measure of relief was obtained in this way, but owing to the uncertainty of the supply, wholesale dealers on the prairies would not contract for fruit beyond the visible sugar supply, which resulted in indiscriminate con- signments which in many cases brought very unsatisfactory returns to the grower. In order to prevent, if possible, a repetition of the conditions which obtained last year, efforts were put forth in Feljruary to arrange for adequate supplies to meet the needs of the 1920 crop. The only feasible wa.v in which this could be accomplished was by withholding the issuing of export licenses until such time as the home requirements were satisfied, and it was arranged .that if, during the period when production might be in excess of the immediate home requirements, there should be a surplus, that fact would be made known to the public, who would be given an opportunity to purchase this surplus to provide for the period when consumption would be greater than production. Housekeepers apparently have realized the necessity of laying in a supply, when available, to meet their preserving requirements, but at the present time there is still some doubt that there will be sufficient sugar to meet all the requirements of the canning season. 15— 7i 1O0 DEP.{RrMf:\T OF AGRICVLTIRE 11 GEORGE V, A, 1921 APPLE CENSUS. As all figures so far published with respect to the production of apples in ("aniida have been estimates, and as it is very desirable that the actual ])roduc- tion should b(> known so as to enable the producers to form an estimate of the value of their products from year to year, arrangements were made with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics whereby the Fruit Branch would take a census of the apple production in Ontario and Quebec, which would be forwarded to the Dominion Bureau of Statistics for compilation. For a number of years it has been possible to obtain the actual shipments from the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and British Columbia, but until the actual jiroduction was ot)tained in the province of Quebec and Ontario, it was not possible in issuing fruit crop reports to give the estimate of the crop for any particular year in a specific quantity. Now that the actual production of apples in Ontario and Quebec has been obtained, it ^nll be possible to state that the crop of any given year is a percentage of the 1919 crop, in terms of barrels or boxes. STANDARDIZATION OF PACKAGES. In the practical application of the amendments to the Inspection and Sale Act, assented to May 24. 1918, with respect to standard packages it was found that because of its highly technical character, manufacturers could not meet the requirements without considerable difficulty, and the packages made in accordance with the legislation were not altogether satisfactory to growers and shippers. During the past winter several meetings were held at which repre- tentatives of growers, shippers and package manufacturers were present, and she whole question was gone into thoroughly. Sample packages were manu- factured and tested, which met with general approval and, in order to obtain the main objective in standardizing packages, namely, that of uniformity, the Fruit Branch has had pattern blocks or forms manufactured in accordance with the approved specifications, from which practically all blocks and forms us?d in the manufacture of Chmax baskets will be made. These changes necessitated another amendment to the Inspection and Sale Act. TESTS OF KEEPING QtJALITIES OF GR.\PES. Owing to the uncertainty of the control of the sale of wines made from Ontario-grown grapes, it was deemed advisable to test the keeping quaHties of several varieties with a view to extending the season and widening the markets. In co-operation with the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch tests were carried on during the past winter at the Grimsby Pre-cooling Station with very satisfactory results. The prices received for the sale of the fruit used in making the test, justified the additional expenditure, although it was evident the market would be limited for these in Canada. POT.A.TO AND ONION CONFERENCE. While section 337A, of the Inspection and Sale Act. passed in May, 1918, pro- vides optional potato grades, the trade felt that this legislation, passed as a war measure, did not go far enough and numerous requests have lieen received for the establishment of compulsory grading rules for both potatoes and onions. Before any action was taken, however, it was deemed advisable to call together a small conference in order that the department might learn the wishes of those directly interested in these industries. At our request, therefore, official delegates, about REPORT OF THE MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 thirty in all.were appointed from the various provinces to represent growers, shippers and dealers, and representatives of the consumers and retailers were also present. The Provincial Departments of Agriculture were also invited to send representatives to take part in the discussion and act in an advisory capacity. The meeting was held in Ottawa under the auspices of the Fruit Branch on Febru- ary 24 and 25 last. In addition to a very full discussion with respect to the defining of grading rules for potatoes and onions, many other phases of the industry were dealt with; and at the close of the meeting the delegates expressed themselves as feeling that a very great stride had been made in the right direction, not only as a result of the resolutions passed, but also on account of the better under- standing which would now exist between the producers and handlers of these products. The advisability of asking that federal legislation be enacted requiring that all potatoes and onions be graded before being offered for sale was approached with some caution on the part of the growers particularly, as there was a feeling of uncertainty as to the measure of control to be exercised, but after a verj- free and open discussion and as the delegates secured a clearer idea of the measure of control contemplated, it was evident that compulsory grading was heartily approved and a motion was adopted recommending that federal legislation be enacted along that line. The conference also recommended certain designations of grades for potatoes and onions, together with definitions for same. Other matters that were discussed and in regard to which resolutions were passed, were the marking or branding of the containers, the standardization of containers and the unit of weight in the sale of potatoes, onions and other root vegetables. In so far as the latter point is concerned, the conference was unanimous in recommending that the present law be amended and that the unit of one pound be adopted as the basis of all sales. Legislation to meet the wishes of the conference is now being prepared. MEETIXG OF CHIEF FRUIT INSPECTORS. Advantage was taken of the presence of the chief fruit inspectors when attend- ing the Potato and Onion Conference to discuss the work of the branch as a whole, and as affecting each particular district, with a view to obtaining the greatest uniformity in methods of administration, and to discuss ways and means whereby our staff might render a greater service to the fruit industry. It was the general opinion of those present that meetings of this nature should be held at least once a year. TRANSPORTATION. The successful transportation of fruit is a complex problem and during the past season was a very important matter. It is becoming more and more evident that as the industry develops wider distribution and further improve- ments in the transportation service will be necessary. An earnest effort has been made by transportation specialists to render service where the demands were most urgent. The provinces east of the Great Lakes have, during the past season, demanded special attention on account of the many problems arising there. Numerous complaints have Ijeen investigated and. in many instances, adjusted to the satisfaction of the shippers through conferences with railway, express and steamship officials, such conferences being held at points both in eastern and western territory. It has, however, been necessary in the interests of the fruit industry to submit to the Board of Railway Commissioners the following matters in dispute and to appear before the Board in support of same: — 102 nEPART^^K^T of agriculture 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 (a) Freight rates on fresh fruit from Ontario to points west of Port Artluir; (6) Average demurrage plan ; (c) Heatetl refrigerator car charges and ser.vice; (d) Freight and express facilities at drimsby Beach; (e) Cancellation privilege of prepa^^nent of freight charges; (J) Adjustment of freight and express rates and routings from Keremeus, B.C. It is the policy of the Fruit Branch in its transportation work to promote a better understanding between producers, shippers, consignees and the carriers; to receive complaints of the shippers; investigate and negotiate with the carriers; in V>rief to perfect as nearly as possible the system of efficient, economical distri- bution of the fruit and vege-table crops. In this way it has been possible to bring about important changes in the freight and express classifications as well as to obtain favourable consideration from the steamship companies for export shipments. Assistance has been given shippers in every way possible in securing equip- ment, and bulletins have been issued from time to time acquainting shippers with tariff privileges and changes. Periodical visits are also made to the producing centres during the shipping season. The extension of markets has been encouraged by obtaining more favourable rates to undeveloped territories in Canada and in the United States. The transportation specialist also attended meetings of fruit growers in various parts of the Dominion. An officer was again stationed in Nova Scotia to assist in transportation work, and his ser\-ices were of great benefit to the .shippers in marketing the apple crop during the shipping season. In this connection it was necessary to negotiate traffic arrangements for service to United States points and it required the greatest possible attention in order to keep up a reasonable supph* of suitable railway equipment during a period of extreme car shortage. At the urgent request of the Prince Edward Island growers and shippers of potatoes that the service which was rendered during the fall of 1917-18 be continued, an officer was again stationed at Charlottetown and placed in charge of the distribution of all protected" cars there and, by direct communication with the Car Service Department of the Canadian National Railway at ^kloucton, was enabled to provide a supply of mainland protected cars to meet all potato shipments on the Island railway at transfer points. IXSPECTION WORK. The inspection service was continued during the past year along the same general lines that have been in force since 1915, when the system of inspection at point of shipment was inaugurated. Owing to the increased production in British Columbia and Nova Scotia some additional seasonal inspectors were appointed, these being returned men, who have given good satisfaction. Special attention was paid to famiharizing growers and shippers with respect to the amendments to part IX of the Inspection and Sale Act, assented to May 24, 1918, but some provisions of which only came into force June 1, 1919. The amendments covering the marking and proper filling of open packages were rigidly enforced during the past season, and the results obtained have demon- strated that this is one of the best pieces of legislation enacted for some years in connection with the fruit industry. Wholesale dealers have frequently com- mented on the marked improvement in the packing and filling of these packages.- This part of the work will again receive special attention during the 1920 season. The enforcement of section 337A providing optional grades for potatoes has increased the work of the staff, as many inspections of potatoes have been REPORT OF THE MINISTER 103 SESSIONAL PAf^ER No. 15 made both of ungraded stock and of those actually coming under the provisions of this section. Wherever violations of the Act have been reported, whether with regard to fruit, fruit packages or potatoes, each case has been throughly investigated by the chief inspector for the district in which the offender lived. While many hundreds of violations have been reported during the past season, it was deemed advisable to prosecute in only twenty-five cases, in all of which convictions were secured. As in former years, the staff has co-operated with the officers of the provin- cial departments in giving practical demonstrations in improved orchard methods, and by assisting at fruit-growers' meetings. Courses in barrel and box packing have been conducted by the inspectors, and in many cases members of the staff have served as judges at fruit exhibitions. Wholesale dealers in the city of Montreal having noted the benefits resulting from the standardization of fruit packages, requested that legislation be enacted standardizing blueberry packages and defining grades. It was pointed out that the Inspection and Sale Act, part IX, excludes wild fruit from its provisions and as there are man}' difficulties in defining grades for such fruits, it was suggested that the dealers should prescribe the dimensions of the packages they preferred, and that the department would then be glad to recommend their use, also to recommend a grade which might improve the industry. Circular letters were sent out to all those interested in the districts from which suppUes are received in Montreal, and an inspector was stationed at the shipping point to instruct the shippers in the better methods of preparing their shipments. The results obtained were most satisfactory, and the dealers have again requested that legislation be enacted. As blueberries are shipped in large quantities from the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia inquiries were made as to the packages used in each province. It is cjuite evident that, with the exception of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, no two provinces are using the same package, but in each case the package now in use appears to meet all the requirements. The Fruit Branch w\\\ again this year assist the shippers in the province of Quebec in obtaining uniformity of package and grade. Owing to the various stages of the ripening and general condition of berries shipped from the lower Fraser valley in British Columbia to the markets on the prairies, which in many instances arrive in a very much decayed condition, a special service of inspection was inaugurated last season whereby the fruit as - hauled to the car for loading was graded by one of our inspectors. Where fruit was over-ripe, or where there was a doubt as to its carrying in proper condition to the prairie markets, the berries were sent to the canning factory or to the local market, and only first class, sound fruit was shipped. , In all cases the fruit arrived in excellent condition. This demonstration of grading for long-distance shipments will undoubtedly prove of great value to the shippers as it has been clearly shown that it is poor business to pay freight charges and all other expenses on a product which is worthless when it reaches its destination. On account of the great scarcity of ocean tonnage during the war years, and the embargo on apples entering the United Kingdom, the inspection on the docks at Montreal was unnecessary. This was resumed last season, but the branch has not departed from its policy of inspection at point of shipment. It is, however, still considered necessary to retain our inspection service on the docks at all export points. INSPECTION STATISTICS. The follo^\-ing table gives comparative statements of the number of lots inspected and the number of packages inspected for the seasons 1915-16 to 1919- 20, inclusive. It should be noted that these figures do not include packages in 104 DEl'ARTMKST OF AORlVVLTURt: 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 the process of packing, and it is estimated that at least as many more are inspected in this way: — Se.4So.\ 1915-16 TO 1919-20. Variety. No. of lots inspected. No. of packages in lot inspected. No. of packages inspected. 1915-16. Brl. Boxes Bskts. Boxes Bskts. Quarts Bskts. Brl. Boxes Bskts. Boxes Bskts. Pkgs. Bskts. Brl. Boxes Bskts. Boxes Bskts. Pkgs. Bskts. Brl. Boxes Bskts. Boxes Bskts. Pkgs. Bskts. Brl. Boxes Bskts. Boxes Bskts. Pkgs. Bskts. 8.882 4,297 204 1,062 1.022 838 998 633 1,724 260 6,412 2,337 188 200 1,179 609 624 2,039 193 5,652 3,157 196 779 1,303 773 652 1,312 135 4,861 2.431 122 576 794 515 394 852 106 7,026 4.441 175 741 1,159 715 816 1.670 333 710,858 758,337 14,319 121,414 270,508 106,569 482,416 200,343 2,670,984 382,332 Total 404.597 679,148 14.472 108,426 289,560 158,133 136,993 282,365 273,435 Total 379,496 908,892 16, 146 112,717 224,228 195.084 158,971 248,539 153,027 Total 382,653 760,307 19,614 101,675 242.735 182,286 145,113 173,567 198,336 Total 590,015 1.240,641 17,544 106,199 132,444 211,638 134,058 167,848 385,602 Total 60 248 46.791 l( 1 797 8 816 12.575 10 796 22,231 7,926 275,234 11,395 1916-17. 457,809 43,359 32,420 t* 1.332 6,108 15,612 Plums ■ 7,215 5.812 99,799 7,951 219,608 40.117 35,888 1,709 Pears 4,954 14,481 5,952 6,383 14,637 3,415 1918-19. 127.536 36.947 26. 769 1,212 Pea s 4.267 8,806 4,576 3.630 11,616 2.126 i9i»-ao. 99.949 46,085 36,353 " 1,917 Pears 5,668 10,675 Plums 6,444 9,632 24,913 18,055 159.742 REPORT OF THE MiyiSTER 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH. The officers of the Entomological Branch have been actively engaged during the year. Investigations on field crop and garden insects, forest and shade tree insects, fruit tree and bush fruit insects, household and stored product insects, live stock insects, as well as insects affecting public health, have been continued. In addition, studies have been made on the natural control of insects and important investigations conducted in developing new insecticides and methods for the control of injurious species. The officers in charge of the field laboratories of the branch in the various provinces are every year becoming more recognized by farmers, fruit-growers and others, as expert advisors in matters relating to insect control. L'nder the direction of theT)ominion Entomologist the regulations under the Destructive Insect and Pest Act have been administered in so far as these refer to insect pests. The following amendments to the regulations referring to insects were passed during the year. — By Order in Council dated May 19, 1919, the importation into Canada is prohibited of all corn fodder, or cornstalks, whether used for packing or other- wise, green sweet corn, roasting ears, corn on the cob or corn cobs, from the counties of Essex, Middlesex. Norfolk and Suffolk, in the state of ^lassachusetts, and also from the counties of Schenectady, Saratoga, Montgomer}- and Albany, in the state of New York, two of the United States of America. This prohibition shall not extend to shipments of corn transported through the quarantined areas on a through bill of lading. This amendment was passed owing to the danger of introducing into Canada with such importations, the verj' destructive European corn borer, Pyratista nubilalis Hbn, which has become established in the states mentioned. By Order in Council dated November 28, 1919, no apple stock of any description, including nursery stock seedlings, scions, buds and grafts, shall be removed from that area included within a radius of five miles of the post office of the town of Wolfville, in the county of Kings, province of Nova Scotia, unless the same is accompanied by a certificate of inspection signed by an authorized inspector, which states that the said stock, seedlings, scions, buds or grafts have been duly treated in accordance with the instructions of the Department of Agriculture and is free from the apple sucker, Psyllia tnali Schmidberger. This new European pest was discovered in the summer of 1919. The above regula- tion has been passed in order to prevent its further spread on infested scions, nursery stock, etc. As consulting zoologist, the officer in charge of this branch, has devoted much study to the conservation of wild life generally in Canada. The. economic value of our fur-l)earing animals has been given serious thought and methods of protection advised. Division of Field Crop xnd G.*.rdex Insects. Important studies were made by officers of this division of such insects as the root maggots, Colorado potato beetle, Hessian-fly, white grubs, and other field crop and garden insects. The value of corrosive sublimate for controlling the cabbage root maggot was demonstrated under commercial conditions both in Eastern and Western Canada. Garden and greenhouse insects of various -kinds also received the attention of officers of this division. Serious outbreaks of such field crop insects as cutworms, locusts, western wheat-stem sawfly, beet webworm and potato leaf hopper, occurred in various localities, all of which were investigated and control measures advised. 106 DEPAItTMKSr OF ACRU'lLTiRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Division of Forest Insects. Tlio work of this division has boon directed chiefly towards problems of bark l)eetle control in British (Columbia, balsam disease; investis-itions in Quebec and New Brunswick, and the develojiment of the system of forest sample plots. Bark beetle control work in British Columbia consists of modified logging operations .so as to destroy the destructive beetles which hibernate in the bark during the winter. Extensive surveys and studies have been made in connection with balsam disease investigations. Insect outbreaks have cau.sed such enormous losses in our balsam pulpwood reserve in Eastern Canada during recent years that the investigation of preventive measures is of the greatest importance. The development of the forest sample plots is proceeding in a satisfactory manner. We have now fifteen plots established, including over ten thousand trees described and under observation. Division of Foreign Pests Suppression. This division has to do ^vith the carrying out of the regulations under the Destructive Insect and Pest Act in so far as insect pests are concerned, as well also as the suppression of foreign pests imported into Canada. The work during the past year may be briefly stated as follows: — Brown-tail moth suppression in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; inspec- tion and fumigation of foreign nursery and other plant i)roducts entering Canada; the establishment and maintenance of ciuarantiues and embargoes agaiiLst foreign pests; the examination and ins]iection of nursery stock for export to foreign countries. Division of Systematic Entomology. Since the appointment of a definite officer to have charge of the national collection of insects, satisfactory progress has been made in arranging the numerous collections of insects w'hich have accumulated during past years. Large numbers have been classified and placed in their correct systematic position in the national collection w-hich is now assuming very important value and size. During the year a number of prominent entomologists have visited the branch for the purpose of studying our collection. The officer in charge of the collection has rendered assistance in the identification of s]iecies to teachers and others interested in insect life. Field Labok.\tories. Annapolis Royal, A^.S. — The officer in charge of this laboratory is also in immediate charge of the insecticide investigations of the l)ranch. During the year he has considerably improved the value of important insecticides particularly applicable to the apple and the potato. Successful orchard and field demonstra- tions have impressed the growers of the ^laritime Provinces of the importance of this work and as a direct result larger and better crops have been grown. Through the studies of our officers at this laboratory in developing improved insecticides it is estimated that important financial savings to fruit-growers and farmers will now result as well as still greater production. Frcderidon, N.B. — The various causes of insect outbreaks have received close investigation at this laboratory. The study of natural control of such important insect pests as the fall webworm, the forest tent caterpillar and the spruce budworm has continued. A report resulting from eight years of study on the former insect is now nearing completion. Important parasites of the REPORT OF THE MINISTER 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 brown-tail and gipsy moths which were established in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia have been recovered during the year; one important parasite has increased considerably. During the year collections of an important parasite of the western tent caterpillar were made for colonization In Alberta. Hemmingford, P.Q. — Investigations conducted from this laboratory on the comparative value of liquid sprays and dusts have been continued. Demon- strations in the orchard and in the field have attracted considerable attention. Important orchard insects, such as the apple curculio and the plum curculio, have received special attention. Vineland Station, Out. — Life-history studies of the pear psj-llia, commenced in 1917, were completed during the year, and valuable data on its control obtained. Investigations on the strawberry weevil and the potato leaf hopper were begun and satisfactory progress made. Experiments with various insect- icides on the control of the cherry aphis, apple aphids, onion thrips, tarnished plant bug and blackberry leaf miner, were conducted. Strathroy, Ont. — The important lines of investigations carried on at this laboratory were the continuation of life-history studies of white grubs and other soil-infesting insects, demonstrations of insecticides valuable for controlUng the Colorado potato beetle, and experiments on the control of the potato leaf- hopper. An infestation in western Ontario of the Hessian fly in fields of wheat received attention. Treesbank, Man. — Owing to a very serious outbreak of locusts in the south- western sections of INJanitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan, the officer in charge of this laboratory devoted the major portion of the summer to visiting locust-infested areas, giving advice to farmers, and demonstrating the value of poisoned baits and other control measures. Outbreaks of other field crop insects, such as cutworms, western wheat-stem sawfly, sugar-beet webworm, etc., were investigated. Saskatoon, Sask. — The locust outbreaks in this province, like those in Manitoba, necessitated the attention throughout the growing season of the officer in charge of this laboratory-. ^lany farmers' meetings were held and definite instruction given regarding the control of these destructive insects. Our officers worked in close co-operation with provincial officials. As time permitted, investigations were made on insects affecting live stock. Lcthhridge, Alta. — Cutworm studies occupied the attention of the officer in charge of this laboratory. In 1919 a ver}' serious outbreak of these cater- pillars occurred in Alberta; in fact probably the most extensive outbreak in the historj' of the province. ^lany thousands of dollars' worth of growing crops were destroyed, particularly by the pale western cutworm. . Vernon, B.C; Agassiz, B.C.; Victoria, B.C. — The officer in charge for British Columbia has made his headquarters at Vernon. From this latter laboratory important investigations in the control of grass, vegetable and fruit tree insects were conducted. At the Agassiz laboratory the natural control of the fall webworm, forest tent caterpillar, and the spruce budworm was studied further. From the Victoria laboratorj' the main investigations have been on important insect enemies of small fruits. MOSQUITO INVESTIGATIONS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. Under the direction of the chief officer of the branch, a preliminary investi- gation of the economic importance of mosquitoes in the Fraser valley of British Columbia was undertaken by a special assistant. Life-history studies were made of the various kinds of mosquitoes inhabiting the region investigated. Owing to the importance of this work to the live stock and dairy industrj-, lumbering industry, small fruit industry, in fact to the public generally, this work is to be continued. 106 DEI'ARTMESr OF AdKICVLTUKE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The following publications have been issuetl from the Entomological Branch during the year: — Entomological Bulletins: No. 16. The Apple Budmoths and their Control in Nova Scotia. By G. E. Sanders antl A. (!. Dustan. No. 17. The Fruit Worms of tlu' Apple in Nova Scotia. By Ci. E. Sanders and A. (i. Dustan. Entomological Circular: No. 12. Directions for Collecting and Preserving In.sects. By J. H. McDunnough. Crop Protection Leaflets: No. 11. The date on which it is safe to reseed fields in the Prairie Provinces after they have been devastated by cutworms. By E. H. Strickland. No. 12. The Beet Webworm. By E. H. Strickland and X. Criddle. In addition to the above publications the officers of the branch have con- tributed articles in The Agricultvral Gazette of Canada as well as in the technical journals, such as the Ca7iadian Entomologist. A special report on the Lepidoptera collected by the members of the Canadian Arctic Expedition was prepared by Mr. Arthur Gibson and published in volume III of the Report of the E.xpedition. Likewise, a report on certain of the Coleoptera brought back by the expedition was prepared by Dr. J. M. Swaine and ])ublished in the same volume. DEATH OF DR. HEWITT. In the death of Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist and Con- sulting Zoologist, the department lost a very able officer. During his eleven years of service he developed the Dominion entomological service from a very small division attached to the Experimental Farms Branch, to an important separate branch of the Department of Agriculture. THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE BRANCH. During the year a large number of correspondents were furnished with statistical information on the world's crops and live stock, trade in agricultural products, and prices. A great deal of information was sent to correspondents . on agricultural co-operation and rural economy in general, including analyses of legislation passed by the different provinces of Canada. The Government of Switzerland was provide-d with extensive information on irrigation, rural con- struction and other rural engineering work in Canada. An intjuiry was made as to the work done in the different provinces and agricultural colleges to promote agricultural liookkeeping among farmers. Statistical data, covering all phases of Canadian agriculture, was furnished the institute for use in the "International Year Book of .\gricultural Statistics" for 1918. The institute was, as usual, kept informed of everything of interest concerning Canadian agriculture, includ- ing the j5rogrcss of the crops and the results of experimentation. The Library. — During the year 1,311 bound volumes were added to the library, making a total of 7,633. An average of 749 pamphlets was received every month. Seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-four cards were received from the Library of Congress and these, together with cards typed in the library, brings the niunber of cards in the catalogue up to 207,525. REPORT OF THE MITilHTER 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 An average of 932 periodicals was received every month. These include all periodicals indexed in the Agricultural Index. This branch has undertaken to co-operate with the H. W. Wilson Company to the extent of sending them a monthlj- list of publications of the federal department which are suitable for entry in the Agricultural Index. Annotated lists of new books received in the library have been sent out bi-monthly to a mailing list of 225 persons. Valuable accessions include a complete set of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, the publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washing- ton, the publications of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, etc. An analysis of the contents of the Library show the following: Agriculture: General works 7 sections. Sociology 168 sections. Bulletins (series 12 " including — Reports of Departments 23 " Sessional papers 44 " Reports of societies 8 " Statistics 42 " Reports of Congresses 1 " Economics 23 " Experiment stations 4 " including — U.S. D. A. publications 52. " Land Settlement 1 " U.S. Exper. Stations 81 " Cost of Living 1 " Soils 9 " Dairying 7 " Diseases and pests 9 " Bees 2 " Crops 9 " " Hunting and fishing 2 " Fruit and forestry 13 " Veterinary medicine 11 " Horticulture 7 " Home economics 6 " Live Stock 22 " Co-operation 7 " Bibliography 13 " Agricultural credit 4 " Reference works 11 " Science 54 " Periodicals 197 " Landscape gardening 1 " The above table does not include publications on roads, water supply, housing problems, nutrition, geography and history, rural schools, agricultural education, statutes, etc. The growth of the library has necessitated additional rooms and two more have been allotted — one to be used as a periodical and reading room and the other as an additional stackroom. One thousand, six hundred and ninety-three publications were loaned during the year. This does not include use of the library by persons who con- sulted the publications on the premises. THE PUBLICATIONS BRANCH. The Publications Branch functions as a connecting link between the federal Department of Agriculture and the farmers of Canada. Among its activities are the publication of the Agricultural Gazette of Canada, the preparation and editing of various bulletins, and the distribution of the publications of the depart- ment to the regular mailing lists and on request from farmers. "the agricultural gazette." The Agricultural Gazette presents not only the activities of the federal department but it announces agricultural policies and records the major activities of an agricultural nature in the provinces. During the past year the Gazette has come into more prominent view than ever before. At the conference of deputy ministers recently convened in Ottawa a resolution was passed recom- mending that it continue to fulfil its function, namelj', that through it provincial officials might learn what methods and policies were being worked out in the sister provinces and bj' the federal department in order that duplication of work might be avoided and that the results of experiments might become widely known to agricultural officials. 15—8 110 DEPAKTMBXT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 MAILING LISTS. The mailing list of this branch has reached a total of 244,000 names and is divided into seven main subject lists and a number of minor Usts. The main lists contain the names of persons desiring puV)Ucations on field crops, live stock, dairying, poultry, gardening, bees, and tobacco. The names with addresses are embossed on metal stencils from which the entire lists, or any number of them, can be mechanically addressed without duplication. The lists are under con- stant revision owing to removals, extension of rural routes, and changes of occupation. During the past summer local postmasters in many localities have co-operated in this revision, which has necessitated the cancelling of 29,000 names and dianging the addresses of 7,100 persons. Practically 22,000 new names were added and the total envelopes addressed were about 1,688.000. The minor lists include egg producers, seed dealers, drovers, banks, school inspectors, agricultural officials, teachers, and others to whom information is periodically addressed. In addition to our regular lists we have a number of separate lists sent in by the following branches of the department: Live Stock, Seed, Entomological, Dairy and Cold Storage, and Fruit Branch. There are thirty separate lists containing 16,000 names. In ^lay, 1919, the Dairy Branch issued its first weekly report, which was sent to a list of 158 English names. When this report was discontinued in December the list then consisted of 420 English and 83 French names. Over 150,000 envelopes M'ere addressed for this list. The Dairy Branch also issued a monthly news-letter to cheese factories, creameries, cheese boards, and those interested in the dairy industry. It was first sent out in October and the list includes about 2,200 Enghsh and 2,000 French names. Over 23,800 envelopes have been addressed for this list. The Entomological Branch now sends a monthly news letter principally to members of its staff situated at various points in Canada. A form letter has been sent out to the secretaries of united farmers' clubs in Ontario, grain growers' locals in ^Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and the secretaries of farmers' institutes in British Columbia, asking for a list of the members in each local. These fists were compared with the names of our maifing fists and those not receiving our bulletins were given the maifing Hst appfication card. DISTRIBVTIOX. . During the year over 200,000 market reports have gone out to special maifing fists. These reports, prepared by the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch and by the Poultry Division of the Live Stock Branch, are distriV^uted to various producers, dealers, and officials engaged in the production and distribution of these commodities, also to the agricultural press of the Dominion. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 There were distributed from this branch 2,400,000 copies of publications in the twelve-month period. Of these, 2,244,000 were sent to the mailing lists and the remainder in reponse to requests. In the tabulated statement which follows there appears a detailed report of the distribution work of the branch. To Mailing Lists. Requests. Reports — 332 1,025 2,065 2,197 22,725 260 3,450 1,230 221 Five Monthly Fruit Crop Reports 280 " 28,344 5,441 BuUflins— Potato in Canada. B. 90 (French) 51,726 117,946 4,670 140,794 1,440 8,400 965 3,155 3,155 4,000 4,000 2,372 3,460 3,800 5,050 Farm Weeds. 36 SS 1,020 1,120 Summary of Three Years' Experiments on the Tobacco Station at Harrow. 41 SS . 613 410 The Apple Bud Moths and Their Control. (Popular Edition) in Nova Scotia. B. 16 ., 70 The Fruit Worms of the Apple in Nova Scotia. B. 17 (Popular Edition).. . Warble Flies (H. of A.) 27 70 342,623 16,023 Circulars — Every Gardener His Own Seed Grower. Part II C. 17 198,629 420 865 37,346 31,076 2,220 620 The Care of Cream for Buttermaking. D.C. 26 3,750 Yield and Relative Value of Some Dairy Products. D.C. 27 The Best Varieties of Gr.iin. C. 16 1,600 360 268,336 8,550 Seasonable Hints 753,062 6,230 Market Reports — Daily Market Report (Weekly May to December) 14,607 23,802 187,711 Dairy News Letter (Monthlv) Eggs and Poultry Market Report Weeklv 226, 120 Miscellaneous Circulars — 21,645 22,712 298,900 22,598 160 Seed Branch Circulars (32) Press Notices 365,855 160 Pamphlets — Publications Index Book. P. 7 865 2,340 865 865 4,097 2,585 2,657 6,200 5,892 3.707 10,258 Value of Castration and Docking. P. 16 2,360 2,770 A Directory of Breeders of Pure Bred Sheep and Goats. P. 17 950 How to Make and Use Hotbeds and Cold Frames. (French) Some Varieties of Tobacco Recommended for the Province of Quebec. P. 20 (French) , The Construction and Care of Tobacco Seed Beds in the Province of Que- Tomato and Mushroom Culture and Forcing Rhubarb in winter. P. 22.. . . 5,800 7.120 Asparagus, Celery, and Onion Culture. P. 24 4.960 112 nKi:\Rr.\ih:\r or .\^ederal and provincial departments, some few minor details being brought out whereby improvement could possibly be effected. The Seed Branch outlined a new scheme for the carrying out of what will be known as threshed grain competitions and which will, in some measure, take the place of the old field crop competitions and seed fairs which have formerly- been held in the provinces and for which subventions have been received from the federal Department of Agriculture. These recommendations were well received by all the provinces, with the exception of Ontario. The results that have been achieved by the Fibre Division of the Experi mental Farms Branch in fostering the growing of the fibre flax indu.stry in this country were outlined by the chief of that dh'ision, and the deputy minister for Ontario (the only province in which this imlustry is carried on to any great extent) stated that the present method of encouraging this indu.stry was satis factory to that province. The provincial deputy ministers promised to appoint some officer in each of their departments to be responsible for providing material for the Agricultural Gazelle and to act as associate editors for that publication. The question of the entering of Government-owmed stock at live stock shows was discussed at some length and the meeting came to the conclusion that there were no serious objections to such stock being exhibited, provided they bad been bred by the department showing them. REPORT OF THE MISIt^TER 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Witli reference to cow testing, the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner said that some of this work was carried on by the pro^^ncial departments and the federal department was willing to hand it over to the pro\'incial department entirely when this was considered necessarj'. He also outlined briefly the work that had already been done and was projected in the grading of dairy produce, especially for export. It was agreed that grading for export was a function of the Dominion department, while the grading for home consumption could be looked after by the provinces. Other questions considered at the conference were the necessary measures to be taken for the prevention of losses of sheep and calves through the depredations of wolves, dogs and coyotes, and it was decided to get all information on this subject collected and pubhshed in a convenient form. The last question dis- cussed was the expected grasshopper plague in the western provinces and the Acting Dominion Entomologist gave an outline of the plan which his branch was recommending. 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a A, 1921 REPORT AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 1919-1920 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA - THOMAS MULVEY PRINTER TO THE KINGS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1920 [No. 15a— 1921.] 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 3 Tlie Intention and Purpose of the Grant .^ Allotment of the Grant of 1919-20 4 Instruction and D£Monstr.\tidn V Agricultural Representatives 8 Other leading forms of Instructional Propaganda 9 Ontario 9 Quebec 11 Manitoba 12 Saskatchewan 13 Alberta 14 British Columbia 15 Nova Scotia 16 New Brunswick 16 Women's Institutes 16 Colleges and Schools of Agriculture 18 Total Allotment, 1912-13 to 1919-20 19 Schools of Agriculture in Alberta and Ontario 20 Elementary Agricultural Educ.\tion 30 General Eeview of the Situation 20 Junior Extension AYork, Including School and Home Gardens, Boys' and Girls' Clubs and School Fairs 24 Fin.\ncl\l Statements 32 Statements, by Provinces, of the Expenditure of the Grant of 1919-20. ... 32 Grants to Veterinary Colleges 39 1i GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a A, 1921 REPORT ON THE AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1919-20 Tabled in pursuance of Section S of the ahove-named Act. INTEODUCTION. * The Intention and Purpose of the GRAJ^T. Under the Agricultural Instruction Act, a Dominion grant of $1,100,000 is divided amiually between the provinces for the purpose of aiding and advancing the farming industry of Canada. The grants to the individual provinces for the year covered by the report were as follows: — Alberta $ 66.965 6i2 British Columbia 69.199 06 Manitoba 77.113 11 New Brunswick 64,110 SO Nova Scotia 81,716 €9 Ontario „ 336,303 26 Prince Edward Island 31,749 22 Quebec 2i71,113 76 Saskatchewan . .. SI. 728 4'8 Veterinary Colleges 30.0*0 OO $l,100vOiOO O'O The grant is intended tp supi^lenient provincial appropriation.s ,ond is made with a view to enabling the provinces, by means of the additional funds thus placed at their disposal, to finance and carry out instructional efforts in the interest of agriculture in a more extended and comprehensive ninnner than would otherwise be possible. Xo narrow boundaries are set to limit unduly the application of the grant. The general requirements of the Act are that the moneys shall be expended in promoting education, instruction and demonstration. The precise methods of application are left to the province's to determine in accordance with their individual needs. Consequently great latitude is allowed as to the nature of the undertakings to receive assistance. The founders of the policy which the Act brings into practice believed that, in order to promote rural effectiveness, better farming methods were needed in the first place; second, that more adequate educational facilities suited to rural life should be provided, and third, that country home environment should be improved and made more congenial. The promotion of these objectives would, it was believed, result in a greater measure of jnosperity and contentment for the farming community. 15a— li 4 nKPARTME'NT OF AORICULTUIIE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The first phase of the project contemplated the conveyance of up-to-date infor- mation to the adult as to the best methods and practices connected with farming. All practical forms of extension and demonstration were contemplated under this head. The second phase had to do with the education of country youth. It presents two aspects, the scholastic and the vocational. In order to bring the scholastic aspect more into line with country environment, elementary agricultural teaching was introduced. The concomitants cyf this movement were the school and home garden, "boys' and girls' club work and the school fair. For the development of these undertakings and for the preparatory training of teacliers the grant is largely responsible. The development of the vocational phase includes the increased efficiency of colleges of agriculture, and the provision in certain provinces of vocational agricultural schools of a lower grade than the colleges, together with special departments in high schools devoted to the requirements of agricultural students. With the placing of adequate educational facilities within the easy reach of p.ll country boys and girls, which is the goal aimed at, comes the assurance of permanent benefit to agriculture and to those engaged in it. For the advancement of country life tlie grant also makes provision. Chiefly through the Women's Institutes, instruction is provided in household science, domestic art, sanitation, home nursing and similar subjects. The fact is recognized that the family and social life of the rural jwpulation possess an importance not to be lost sight of. Along with the development of agriculture as an economic pur.sTiit must go its development as a mode of life. With the promotion of better farming, should go hand in hand efEorts for the advancement of education, co-operation, family welfare, healtli and moral ideals, these working together for the highest type of rural citizen- ship. The schedules of allotment of the grant of 1919-20 are given below, the same having been incorporated in the agreements with the provinces for the year in question: — Allotment of the Grant of 11919-20 prince edward island Agricultural Buildings — • Equipment and maintenance $ 1,725 -OO Director and agricultural representatives 5,800 OO Short courses 300 OO Drainage and soils I,3'0i0 OO Live stock and dairying 3,900 W Poultry, horticulture, bee-keeping, and co-operative marketing.. l.TOO OO Women's Institutes 3.510 OO Agricultural instruction in public and high schools, training of teachers, allowances, grants, maintenance of Rural Science Department, Prince of Wales College 11,500 OO Contingencies, including clerical assistance 2,014 22 $31,749 22 , NOVA SCOTIA College of Agriculture; 1. Science building — Interest and Sinking Fund $ S.OOO OO 2. Salaries and maintenance 23,000 00 Demonstration and Instruction. 3. Agricultural representatives 12,000 OO 4. Short courses 1,000 00 5. Dairying 5.61« 64 6. Poultry 1,500 00 7. Bee-keeping 71 30 8. Drainage and soil survey 1,900 00 9. Soils and fertilizers 2,118 55 10. Field crops 1.191 61 11. Fruit growing 2,000 00 12. Women's work 2,500 00 13. EntomoIogic.ll work 8,500 00 AGRICI LTIRAL IXSTRlCTIOy ACT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a ELEIIEXTARY AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION 14. Agricultural instruction in Public. High, and Normal schools, teacher training, grants and allowances 15. School children's exhibits and competitions 16. Contingencies 10i(M>O 00 2MQ OO 616 69 NEW BRUNSWICK Agricultural schools — Salaries and maintenance Agricultural representatives Bee-keeping Soils and drainage Horticulture Live stock Dairjing • Po'iltry : Entomologj- Agricultural societies Women's Institutes Elementary agricultural education — Agricultural Instruction in Public, High and Normal schools, household science :, teacher training, grants and allowances ; 1,500 OO 12^000 00 2,400 OO o.OftO OK) 5,200 00 4,500 00 5.210 80 3,80-0 00 900 00 2,S0O OO 6,000 (M) 14, SW 00 QUEBEC Colleges and Schools of Agricultuke Grants and allowances — Macdonald College, School of Agriculture, Ste-Anne-de-la-Pocati5re, Oka Institute School of A'eterinary Science, building and extension.. .. $75,000 00 ?..000 OO Instruction and Demonstration. 3. Animal husbandry 9,000 00 i. roiiltiy hiishan Irv l.S. O'l 5. Horticultural and entomological -work 31,000 00 6. Experimental and demonstration orchards 4.000 00 7. Dairying, educational work in cheese and butter-making. . 5,000 00 8. Agricultural representatives 69,000 00 9. Seed selection, clover plots and demonstrations 9,000 00 10. Bee-keeping — educational work 7,000 00 11. Drainage 6,000 OO 12. Maple industrj- — Maintenance of schools and allowances to students 4,000 00 13. Short courses and lectures 9.113 76 Elementary Agricultural Education. 14. To promote the teaching of agriculture in academies, rural and Normal schools, teacher training, school gardens 15. To promote the teaching of domestic science in academies and Normal schools — Grants, lectures and inspection.. 16. School children's exhibits 10,000 00 2,000 00 ONTARIO Agricultural Colleges and Schools 1. Ontario Agricultural College — (a) Buildings, equipment and furnishings . . $40,000 tO (i) Salaries and expenses, additions to staff maintenance 15,000 00 2. Agricultural School and Farm^ Co) Capital expenditure 45.000 CO (6) Maintenance, purchase of stock, machin- erj' repairs, services, expenses and equipment 15.000 »0 $55,000 00 DLI'AHTMEyr OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Instruction and Demonstration 3. Agricultural representatives. Including clerical and other assistance in connection with the administration.. 126,000 00 4. Extension work in household science In rural communities l.oOO 00 5. Co-operation and markets, educational work In connection with the marketing of farm products, including organization of co-operative societies 10,700 00 6. Demonstration and instruction in vegetable growing. . . . 12,531 92 7. Stock and seed judging short courses and Institute lectures. . 2,000 00 S. Women's Institute work, including courses in cooking, sewing, eic o.O'OO 00 9. Short courses for fall fair, field crop and poultrj- judges, including travelling and living expenses 3.568 OS 10. Lectures on horticulture 500 00 11. Pp nns'-Tiions in "rowiner :ind hanrtline fruit 1.S03 id 12. Demonstrations with vegetables and hardy fruits in New Ontario 5,300 00 13. Vineland Horticultural Experiment Station experimental work 2.000 00 14. Demonstration work on soils 5.900 00 15. Bee-keeping 1.000 00 16. Instruction and special educational work in growing and handling corn 3.500 00 Elementary Agricultural Education 17. To encourMgo tlie tea.'h iiar .nnd org.anization of oUis.ses in agriculture ; and of household science and manual train- ing as applied to work on the farm. To provide for teaching, inspection, services and equipment in con- nection with such classes in High, Public, Separate. Continuation and Normal schools and in universities, in summer courses and other courses and educational gatherings ; for travelling and living expenses in con- nection with short courses or other educational gather- insrs. To be avnilable for grants to boards, teachers, and Inspectors and to be paid on the recommendation of the Department of Education Total MANITOBA Agricultural Representatives $20,113 11 Dairj- Work 3.0O0 00 R"'s' nnri nirls' Clubs IS.nof) Oft Extension Schools 2i0.000 00 Home Economics 13.000 00 Bee-keeping 1.000 00 Killamey Demonstration Farm 4,OO0 00 Soil Analysis and Survey l.OOft 00 Contingencies and Miscellaneous 2.000 00 $77,113 11 SASKATCHEWAN College op Agriculture 1. Staff salaries — Research and extension services $21,476 li6 2. W^omen's work — Homeniakers' Clubs 5.500 00 INSTRUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION. 3. Co-operation and marketing 7. 000 00 4. Animal husbandry 3.000 0^0 5. Dairying 3.000 00 6. Field husbandry 5.000 O'O 7. Demonstration trains 7.000 00 8. Agricultural representatives 1.476 16 9. A'eterinary short course 5O0 00 AGRICVLTIRM ISSTRrCTIOS ACT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Elementary Agricultuual Education. 10. Agricultural instruction in Public, High, and Normal schools. household science: training of teachers; nature study.. 11. School fairs 12. Agricultural scholarships — Pest graduate course in agri- culture 24.476 Ifi 2,500 OO ALBERTA Schools of Agriculture Special work placing live stock on farms under Live Stock Encouragement Act Women's work Agricultural representatives Poultry and egg marketing Miscellaneous JSS.O'O'O O'O 7,4'0'l> 00 9,0-00 00 lO.OO* *0 2,5100 00 6i5 62 $&6,9«5 62 BRITISH COLUMBIA Dry farm demonstration stations and field crops $ S.O'O-O 00 Seed work 1,000 O-O Silo demonstration work 2.0'ii0 00 Horticultural demonstrations and competitions 2,000 00 Fruit packing and pruning schools 2.000 OO Poultr>- t l.OOO 00 Dairying and cow testing 8,000 00 Bee-keeping 7,000 00 Boys' and Girls' Clubs 1,0W OO- Agricultural Journal and Publications Branch 6,000 OiO Pathological and entomological investigations and research. . . . 4,0'0'O OiO Miscellaneous 199 O-e Agricultural instruction in Public, High and Xormal schools, training of teachers, grants 20,000 OiO University of British Columbia: Investigation and extension.. 12,000 O'O IXSTEUCTIOX AND DEMONSTEATION Between sixty and seventy per cent of tbe Agricultural Instruction grant is expended by provincial Departments of Agi'iculture on what is classed as demonstration and instruction work. This includes extension work of all kinds designed to acquaint the farmer with the latest results of experiment and scientific research and the best methods of applying same to the work of the farm in order that the general standard of efficiency may be raised and the worker receive greater returns for his labour. It includes instruction chiefly for adults but also extension work for the juvenile portion of the rural community, where such work is not under the jurisdiction of the educational authorities and not directly correlated with the work of the schools. The allocation to undertaldngs of this class given by proviiuces, and including pro- paganda in the interest of women of the rural districts was as follows: — Ontario JlSl.SOS Quebec ■ 171,115 Manitoba 77,113 Saskatchewan 33i300 Alberta 219,000 British Columbia 36i200 Nova Scotia * 38,717 New Brunswick 4S,«10 Prince Edward Island 2.8..t1'4 $644,070 8 DEPARTMENT OF AGKICVl.TVRE 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 It should be noted that in the provinces of Quebec, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan and Alberta the allotment to colleges and schools of agriculture assists materially the extension work of those institutions. While the proportion cannot be definitely stated, the total sum devoted to instruction and demonstration is somewhat in excess of the figures given above. It was laid down as a principl?ctive provinces. A brief review of the leading activities, which are in the main similar to those of previous years, is given by provinces. Agricultural linpRESENTAxnES Forty-five per cent of the total allotment under instruction and demonstration is absorbed in connection with the agricultural representative organization. The distribution of the grant for this purpose w-as as follows: — Ontario $126,0010 Quebec 69,000 Manitoba 20,113 Saskatchewan r 1,500 Alberta 10,000 Nova Scotia 12.00* New Brunswicli 12,00« Prince Edward Island 5,Ser. In 1914, 102 associations with 2,850 shareholders reiwrttxl to the branch. In 1!)1S the number had grovra to 329 associations with a membership of 15,123, while in 1919, 406 associations reported. The total business turnover of the associations in 1914 was $281,355, and in 1918, $5,278,160. Noxiats Weed Control During the simimer moutlis, a number of field representatives were employed^ under the direction oi the Weeds and Seed Commissioner. Their principal duties were to visit and instruct municipal oiScers in mattexs relating to the eradic.ition and control of noxious weeds. During July short courses were held at several points in the province and at these meetings the field representatives met the municipal weed inspectors and farmers and discussed tillage matters and other factors affecting the weed situation. Particular attention was paid to the identification of weeds recently introduced, in an eifort to prevent their further spread. The field representatives also inspect plots and fields for members of the Canadian Seed Growers' Association. These fields were examined and the crops scored, the owners being advised in regard to their individual problems. The greater part of the extension work in Alberta is done from the agricultural schools and by the teachers of the schools between teaching terms 'assisted by depart- mental officials. In consequence of this arrangement, the allotment to the schools of agriculture may be r^arded as financing to some extent instruction and demon- sti-atiou work. The grant provides, however, for several instruction project^s carried out by the department proper. Among them are the poultry and egg-marketing pro- ject, and special work connecting with the placing of live stock on farms. Pottltry and Egg Marketing In co-operation with the Poultry Division of the Dominion Department an egg- marketing service has been established to enable farmers to sell their eggs on a quality and cjish basis rather than through the country store, the object being to stimulate the industi-y by securing a better return for the product. An important part of the work of the poultry marketing services is the education of poultry-raifcrs in proper methods of breeding and feeding of poultry and caring for poultry products. In connection with the placing of live stock on farms, the grant has contributed towards the salaries and expenses of the travelling inspectors and instructors employed under the Live Stock Encouragement Act, which provides for loans to farmers fur the purchase of live stock. AGRICTLTVh'AL lyt^TRUCTIOy ACT 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a BRITISH COLUJIBIA In the province of British Columbia the instruction work carried on by the Department of Agriculture during the year related to general agriculture, live stock, dairying, horticulture, egg produotion, injurious insects and diseases of plants and bee-keeping. In connection with the co-oijerative marketing of wool, successful efforts were made to promote organization, the result being that the British Columbia Wool Growers' Association handled for the producers nearly twice as much wool as in the previous year. ■ < The department also assisted the British Columbia Stock Breeders' Association in organizing a bull sale and a sale of sheep and hogs. The demonstration stations at Quilchena and 105 Mile, in the dry-farming districts, continued to operate during the year. The Quilchena farm is devoted chiefly to sheep ranching, while at 105 Mile, crop pixxluction is being demonstrated. Silo Demonstrafion Demonstrations in the building and filling of silos are showing important results, a large number having been put up as the outcome of the department's efforts. During the year ten silos were built under department supervision, and several demonstrations in silo filling were carried out. Many farmers are building a second silo, and many fruit growers are finding it advantageous to adopt dairying as a side line because of the value of the manure output as a fertilizer. Other Instructional Activities Two additional cow-testing associations were established during the year, making a total of six. The department contributes to each supendsor's salary besides equip- ping the association at its inception, and supplying testers. Boys' and girls' club competitions in poultry keeping were again organized, twenrty-two such competitions being conducted, with 181 participants. The Internationial Egg Laying contest, in which the province has now partici- pated for the eighth yeai-, was conducted in co-operation with the Provincial Poultry- Association, which provided the prizes, diplomas and other awards, while the grant was employed in meeting operating expenses. The horticultural work assisted by the grant consisted of personal visits to fruit growers for advice and demonstration, institute lectures, judging at fairs, the conducting of a strawberry demonstration plot, experiments with spraying materials and methods and with orchard cover crops. The inspection of orchards for insect pests \vas carried on and information given as to methods of control and eradication. In the division of plant pathology and entomology the major subjects of the season's work were the study of the life-history and control of the onion and cabbage root maggots. Educational exhibits of insect specimens were prepared and displayed at fairs and exhibitions. The apiary inspection work necessitated an increase of tlu-ee men on the inspection staff owing to the extension of the industry, its more stringent regulation, and the increasing demand for instruction. Much good work is being done in combatting foul brood and in educating and stimulating bee-keepers to adopt proper methods, thereby raising the standard of bee-keeping and increasing production. The exhibits at the Vancouver and New Westminster exhibitions were the Ijest ever made in the province. The cost of the Agricidtural Journal and of various bulletins ds met from the grant. Farming literature was supplied to a large number of returned men who are taking courses of study in agriculture, and, also, on request, to school teachers interested in agricultural work. 16 DEPARTilKyr OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 NOVA SCOTIA The instruction and domonstration work of the province of Nova Scotia apar from that of the agricultural representatives relates to da-irj-ing, fruit-growing, poultrj and bee-keeping, drainage, soils and fertilizers, field crops, short courses, and women's institutes. The grant is applied for the most part on the salaries of the officers engaged therein and in meeting incidental axpenses. Five short courses were conducted during the year, eUl being largely attended. Soil and fertilizer demonstrations included tihc operation of a portable lime- stone crusher, as in several previous years, in order to demonstrate the value of liming soils by this method. Tliis has resulted in three crushers being established in parts of the province where demonstrations were given. Demonstrations with ferti- lizers and manures were also conducted at numerous i>oints. The work in horticulture consisted as in previous years of demonstrations in orchard renovation and in encouraging farmers to grow garden crops. In 1914 the Division of Horticulture undertook work in orchard renovation in several orchards of beiiring age. Under an agreement with the owner the department furnishes fertilizer, spraying outfits and materials. Some years ago thirty-five model orchards were set out by the department. These are distributed over the province, outside the fruit districts proper, for the purpose of testing varieties and demonstrating methods of culture. Valuable data has been obtained as a result. NEW BRUNSWICK The chief lines of instruction and demonstration work conducted by the Depart- ment of Agriculture with the assistance of the grant are those relating to live stock, dairying, horticulture, soils and drainage, poultry, agricultural societies and Women's Institutes. In every case the grant provides the salaries and expenses of the officers engaged in carrying out the departmental policies related to these activities. Under live stock, the work includes the organization and supervision of bull clubs, sheep demonstrations and the grading and co-operative marketing of sheep and wool, and the organization of boys' pig clubs. The dairying activities include instructional work at cheese factories and cream- eries, organization of dairy show, of educational competitions in butter-making, assistance at the Maritime Dairy School, assistance in the organization of co-oi)erative organizations and in grading and marketing dairy products. Under horticulture, instruction is given in the pruning and spraying of orchards, and in the co-operative packing and marketing of fruit, also the supervision of eleven illustration orchards and eight test orchards. In the division of Soils and Drainage, drainage surveys are made, and drainage demonstrations given with the assistance of a ditching machine. Forty demonstration pig pastures were undertaken during the year. Also clover-huller, mustard spraying and oat smut prevention demonstrations were carried out. The poultry branch organized thirty-six clubs for hoys and girls with 475 members, besides holding a number of poultry meetings, conducting culling demonstrations and preparing educational exhibits. The agricultural society work is largely educational, including organizing, lectur- ing, the promotion of co-operative effort and the supervision of field crop competitions. Women's Ikstitutes Canada is the birthplace of Women's Institutes. Twenty-two years ago, a little group of countrywomen in Ontario met to discuss the question of lightening the lone- liness and comparative isolation of farm life. They thought that something could be AGRICULTURAL lySTRUCTIOy ACT 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a done to make life better and brighter both for themselves and their children. They met at each other's houses at fixed intervals, not only for social entertainment but also for devising: means to secure the various improvements their homes and the district required. Thus the Women's Institute came into being. Very soon the homes and the farms showed what changes could be accomplished through the efiorts of an organized band of intelligent women. This example inspired other women, and before long the Institute movement had spread through other prov- inces of Canada, and thence into the United States. In 1915, it reached Great Britain, by way of Wales, where Mrs. Watt, a British Columbian, started the first Women's Institute. The Women's Institutes of Canada, with a combined membership of 70,000 per- sons, form the medium through which the farm home may be reached and influenced by various forms of social welfare propaganda. They are the medium for conveying instruction in household science and domestic art, cooking, nutrition, home nursing, sanitation and similar topics. They afford the women of the farm an opportvmity for social intercourse, self-exjjression and development, often so much needed under rural conditions. Matters relating to social welfare, community welfare, education and other vital toi^ics are considered and discussed, and the activities promoted by their means have a widely extended and highly beneficial influence. In all the provinces, with the exception of Ontario and British Columbia, the grant meets the cost of organizing and carrying on the work of the institutes. In Ontario, however, the money is employed solely in connection with extension pro- paganda, being employed in meeting the cost of instructional work in household science and related subjects. Demonstration lectures and classes in cooking, canning and preserving, sewing, hygiene and other topics of special interest to women are held under the auspices of the Women's Branch Institutes, 900 in number, having a total membership of about 30,000. The organization of Young Women's Clubs among the French-speaking population shows continued extension. From eight that were in existence three years ago the number has increased to thirty-seven with' a membership of 1,907. The clubs are designed to promote a knowledge of gardening, poultry, bee-keeping and other useful occupations among young women in rural communities. Lectures on home economics and various other topics are included in the programme of instruction. The Quebec Homebakers' Clubs, 45 in number, come under the supervision of the Household Science Department of Macdonald College. The work of these organi- zations continued during the year with unabated interest. Besides following various courses of study as outlined for them, the clubs interested themselves in community needs, including the providing of equipment for school lunches, donating prizes to school fairs and in contributing to the cost of school and community halls and their equipment. The work is not only of particular aid to the home but of telling value in the community generally. The Women's Institutes of the province of Manitoba held twelve district and one provincial convention during the year to which speakers were supplied by the local department. Under institute auspices, five-day courses were held to the number of 190 in home economics, 110 in dressm.aking and 90 in millinery. In canning and cooking, 325 individual demonstrations were given. 1914. 1919. Number of institutes 17 120 Membership ToO 4,S00 The Women's Institutes of Saskatchewan number 180 and have a total membership of 5,000. The Director of Women's Work, who operates from the College of Agricul- ture of the University, has charge of the management. A provincial convention is held annually. 15a— 2 18 nFPARTMEyr OF AGRICVI.TVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The membership of the Alberta Women's Institutes was increased to over 12,000 during the year, thirty-two new branches being organized, making a t^tal of 265. Lecturers and demonstrators were sent out to practically every institute in the province. Short course schools in home nursing and first aid were given at fifty-four centres, with a total attendance of 3,-109. These courses were given by Public Health nurses. Sewing demonstration lecture courses were also given at twenty-two ccatres and ehort courses in cookery and food values at sixteen. One hundred and sixty- eight institutes were visited and addressed by Women's Institute speakers. The subjeete treated were of particular interest to women. The total attendance at lectures and courses was 21,000 women. Nineteen constituency conferences have been held and found helpful in develop- ing leadership and creating a fellowship through the sense of common interest. An important feature of the work for 1919 was its campaign for the proper feeding of children. This was carried out by food exhibits at tJie Edmonton and Calgary fairs. Forty thousand bulletins dealing with child welfare, and the canning of fruit and vegetables, were distributed. In connection with the better school movement, dozens of institutes elected educational committees to do work similar to that of the parents-teachers' associa- tions. The work of the institutes was felt mainly in connection with sanitation and hygiene and aesthetic culture. In a number of cases, playgrounds were equipped, school lunch apparatus furnished. Twenty-five institutes gave prizes to students for various types of merit. One branch completely furnished a domestic science kitchen, while another do^iated $100 worth of books to the local school. The Women's Institute movement in Nova Scotia dates from the summer of 1913 when the Dominion grant became available for financing the worl;. In that year fourteen branches were organized. In 1919 there were fifty-five active branches with a membership of 7,000. The supervision of the work is in the hands of a superintendent and an annual grant of fire dollars is made to each institute. The Women's Institutes of the province of New Brunswick number 132 and have a membership of 5,000. Eight short courses in cooking, sewing and nursing were held in the English-speaking districts and four in the French. Demonstrations were given at the summer meetings of the institutes, and a provincial convention was held. At present there are thirty-four active institutes in the province of Prince Edward Island, with a total membership of 750. The supervisor and an assistant have charge of the work. A small annual grant is made to each institute and the expenses of delegates to the yearly convention at Charlottetown are paid. Short courses are held during the winter months for the benefit of girls and women from the rural parts of the province and lessons in cooking are given in the Charlottetown public schools. COLLE<]IES ANT) SCHOOLS OF AGRIOLTXTUEE When in 1912, the federal authorities determined to place public moneys at the disposal of the provinces for the benefit of agriculture, it was at once recognized that a portion of the fund miglit with propriety be employed in increasing the efficiency of the agricultural colleges. It was accordingly agreed that the grant might be employed in enlarging the(ir capacity, strengthening their staff and adding necessary equipment, according to their individual needs, so that they might the better serve the purpose for which they were established. Under the Agricultural Aid Act of 1912 — a preliminary measure — the sum of $106,288 was devoted to this purpose. In each province except Saskatchewan this grant was devoted to building extension and equipment. In 1913-14 the original Act was superseded by the Agricultural Instruc- tion Act. Under the latter, the policy of assisting the agricultural colleges was continued. But in the case of Alberta, it was decided, in accordance with the desire of the provincial authorities, to assist in the maintenance of three district agricultural ACRICVLTVRAL IXSTRlCrroy ACT 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a sr-liools established iu that province rather than to contribute to the College of Agri- culture. Likewise in the province of New Bru-aswick, where no college existed, a building was provided at SusseJi for an agricultural school, while at the Fisher Voca- tional School at Woodstock provision was made for giving instruction in agriculture. In Prince Edward Island the assistance took the form of amplifying the agricultural course at Prince of Wales College. This course was later on developed as a rural science department in connection with the movement to establish the teaching of elementary agriculture in the schools. It is encouraging to know that, from Ontario westward, every province in the Dominion now has an agricultural college, established and maintained at the public expense, for the purpose of preparing men to become either practical farmers, or instructors, scientific investigators and leaders in connection with the basic industry of agTiculture. In th-e east a similar service is being rendered by the Macdonald College, an institution established as a private bequest, but receivi-ng aid from the public trea- sury, and by the Agricultural College at Truro, Nova Scotia, the latter serving the needs of the Maritime Provinces. Quebec province has in addition two institutions designed to afford instruction in agriculture to French-speaking Canadia'ns, namely, ilie Agricultural schools at Oka and at Stj-Anne-de-la-iPocatiere. Total Allotment. 1912-15 to 1919-30 The following sums have been allocated to colleges and schools of agriculture (exclusive of veterinary colleges) under the Agricutural Aid Act and the Agricul- tural Instruction Act duri-ng the period 1912-1.3 to 1919-20; — Province. Ontario Quebec Sasliatchewan Alberta British Columbia ■ Nova Scotia New Brunswick Total A summary follows of what has been accomplished by means of federal aid under the two Acts cited, for the development of these institutions. Ontario. — At the Ontario Agricultural College, to meet the steadily growing demand for increased building accommodation, there have been added a field hus- bandry building, a poultry building, a physics building and a new residence (now under construction). Federal funds were also used in the completion of the dairy barns, and in the reconstruction of the bacteriological building. Numerous staff additions have also been made. Quebec. — Macdonald College is assisted by an annual grant from agricultural instruction moneys. None of the money being i-equired for building purposes, the grant has been employed largely in extension work in the English-speaking districts, including school agriculture, women's work, orchard, poultry and sheep demonstra- tions, while a part has been used to carry on various lines of research. At the Agricultural Schools at Oka and Ste. Anne-de-la-Pocatiere increased build- ing accommodation and equipment have been provided, and at each of these institu- tions the salaries of the staff have been supplemented from the federal grant 15a— 2i Agricultural Agricultural. Instruction Act. Aid Act. ?6'91,31.3 $40.*0i0 4'S3,s;i!i 2i0.0O0 160.276 15,000 261.200 — 20.00-O — 207.683 — 65,852 — $l,S90.t4S $106,2iSi.S 106,288 $1,996,431 20 DEI'ARTMEXr OF AQRICVLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Saskatchewan — The grant to the Saskatchewnn College of Agriculture led to the development of a wide range of extension activities by that institution, besides augmenting the staff for teaching and for investigation and research work. None of the funds have been made use of for building purposes. Alherfa. — The federal grant to the province of Alberta does not assist the College of Agriculture, but is employed instead in financing the schools of agriculture, con- tributing towards staff salaries, supplies and equipment. Short courses and other extension activities are carried on by the schools. British Columbia. — In 1918-19, Instruction Act moneys were allocated for the first time to the newly-organized College of Agriculture of the University of British Columbia. The grant, which was continued in 1919-20, is made as a conttibution towards the cost of investigution and extension work at that institution. Nova Scotia. — With the assistance of the federal grant, the Nova Scotia Agri- cultural College was enabled to enlarge its main building and to provide a science building, costing over $100,000, which is to be irnid for in annual instalments. A considerable sum is used annually in supplementing staff salaries. By these means the efficiency of the college as a teaching institution has been greatly increased. Schools of Agriculture In agricultural schools Alberta has been the pioneer. In that province the three schools already established, although handicapped by the war, have been an undoubted success. Three more are neariug completion and will, it is expected, be open for students in the fall of 1920. By that time it is expected that the students in attend- ance will number from 750 to 900, which may be regarded as reasonably good in a province that perhaps has the third smallest population in the Dominion. The experience of Alberta is that many farm boys and girls can be induced to attend schools of this kind who for certain disabilities could not attend an agricul- tural college. Nevertheless it is anticipated that these schools will lead many to takc- a college course in agriculture and thus prove a recruiting ground for the college of agriculture. The school at Kemptville, in Ontario, is similar to the Alberta schools in its scope and intention. The Kemptville establishment will constitute a vocational residential school, with ample land for farming purposes attached, together vrith the necessary buildings and other equipment. The cost is financed entirely from the Agricultural Instruction grant. The main school building is now completed, and the r^ular two years' course in agriculture and household science will commence in the autumn of 1920. Pending the completion of the school, short courses in agri- culture and household science are being offered. ELEMENTARY AGEICULTUEAL EDUCATION General Revien of the Situation That serious deficiencies existed in the general scheme of education as applied to country children has for a long time been conceded. It has been claimed very generally that the schools were training children both through the matter taught and also in the manner of teaching it, to take advantage of town opportunities while country opportunities were ignored, thus leading to rural depopulation. It seem^ doubtful whether such a claim can be completely substantiated. All are ready to agree, however, that rural education should be adapted to the social and vocational needs of rural people, and should be made both broadly cultural and broadly practical, AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a and it is generally conceded that an appreciative study of nature and of country life should be fundamental, leading in the higher grades to vocational instruction in agriculture and home-making. The problem facing those responsible for educational policy is to provide adequate educational opportunities for those destined for country life. This involves not only the strengthening of the rural school but the provision of such facilities as would afford the knowledge, the mental training and the general outlook needed for the development of a modern, scientific, organized agriculture. It also involves the provision of facilities for teaching agriculture as a vocation, ju«t as facilities are provided for the town boy and girl who desires technical instruction in the arts and crafts. That vocational training for life or> the farm be placed within the reach of every country boy and girl is one of the most urgent needs of the present day in order to insure the rapid growth and permanent prosperity of Canadian agriculture. This need the centralized college of agriculture cannot hope to meet. Attempts of various kinds are being made to meet it both by Departments of Agriculture and of Education. These include special schools of agriculture, part time schools, high and consolidated schools with agricultural departments, the classes con- ducted by agricultural representative.?, boys' and girls' clubs and similar efforts. If the farming community generally realized the great benefits resulting from vocational agriculture, and the increasing need for applying scientific knowledge to agricultural operations, there is little doubt that there would be a universal demand for this form of instruction either through special schools or through recognized educational channels, or both. For the promotion of school agriculture more money was requisite than most provincial departments of education could command. It was therefore decided that the grant might be employed, if the participants so desired, in assisting to finance elementary agricultural education in the schools. Since the Act became effective, all the provinces have made progress in the introduction of this form of instruction. This does not necessarily mean teaching that is intended to be directly vocational in its object. What it involves is a recogni- tion of the principle that the objects most intimate to the life of the rural child should ' be made the medium of instruction. It begins in the lower grades with what is termed nature study, or rural science, and involves a gradual progression through elementary agriculture to an acquaintance with the sciences that have a definite relationship to agricultural pursuits, and opens the way to specialization in various fields of useful- ness. For the advancement that has been made in the direction of agricultural teaching the grant is largely accountable. Besides providing special vocational schools and strengthening agricultural colleges it has assisted liberally in the training of teachers, in the introduction of nature study, school and home gardening, boys' and girls' clubs and the school fairs. In regard to the latter forms of work, it may safely be stated that no other form of agricultural instruction work brings such apparent and immediate results as that carried on through the medium of the young people through the efforts of Departments of Agriculture and Education. Practical projects such as poultry keeping, potato-growing, pig and calf rearing, canning, breadmaking, and similar activities are easily made the medium for trailing the intelligence," because being actualities they are seized upon with eagerness by most boys and girls and the instruction based upon them is assimilated, remembered, and applied, in contrast with the routine lecture which remains unrealized and is soon forgotten. The school garden has been widely adopted in all the provinces as a basis for agricultural teaching in the schools. The home garden and the home project, such as the rearing of poultry, constitute an outward extension of the same idea. The school garden is regarded as an outdoor workshop or laboratory to be made use of by the in:i'M!T\ih:\ I or mhihi i.ri iti: 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 ttvK'her in tlio (reneral education of the pupil. It is a place for doing exju^ri mental work, making observations and recording results. To boys and girl> gardening is largely experimental. The knowledge required is gained at first hand as a result of the pupil's work and observation. It is, therefore, much more interesting and much more real than the knowledge gained fi*om books. Space will not permit even the briefest consideration of how school subjects, such as reading, spelling, compos.ition, nature study, geography, arithmetic, drawing and all the rest can with advantage bo correlated with school gardening. The garden and the experience gained therein become the great centre of reality for the child. These other subjects merely result from the different types of reaction and expression of the child mind. They are the '" tools " that the child must learn to us« in fashioning the i " raw materials '' which he daily and hourly acquires through experience or sense I perception, and each is useless without the other. v The school fair is a logical outcome of school and home gardens and the boys' .and irirls' club development. At these fairs are exhibited the grain, roots and vege- tables grown from the seed supplied, and in accordance with instruction given. Set- tings of eggs are distributed and the resulting fowls are exhibited. The poultry section of the school fair has Iiecome a ver.v attractive feature with both boys and girls. Children are also encouraged to exhibit calves, colts and pigs. Canning, baking and similar competitions are introduced for the girls. Sometimes such spectacular com- IJetitions as chicken-T)lueking contests, athletic sports and concerts add to the interest As a rule, the school fair is separate and distinct from the county organization, the intention being to have the boys and girls regard it as exclusively a children's oi^anization. Prizes are offered for the various exhibits and competitions, aud the movement is generally of great value in stimulating school and home garden develop- ment. Club work for boys and girls has proved to be one of the most important lines of endeavour yet undertaken, so far as stimulating interest in agriculture ami imparting information in approved methods and practices is concerned. The work is usually controlled and directed through the Department of Agriculture and is related to vocational rather than scholastic training. If club work is to take an important place in an educational way it would appear to be necessary to connect it with the work of the schools. This is in some provinces being successfully accomplished. The answer to the question as to whether such activities should be directed by the educational or the agricultural authorities depends oi\ the facilities available for its successful prosecution. There should at least be close co-operation between the two. The practical aspects of these undertakings are of great importance, and they require for success the supervision of those having considerable technical knowledge such as the school teacher does not as a rule posisess. The acre profit and kindred projects carried on by the Ontario Department of Agriculture may be instanced as affording an illustra- tion of what may be accomplished in an educational and vocational way by competi- tions. Under the direct supervision of the agricultural representative they afford the young men taking part in them an opportunity to put into practice, under nonnal conditions, the precepts taught at the local classes conducted by these officers. Xo school teacher, unless well qualified to teach agriculture, could give the required instruction and supervision. At the same time the projects referred to would appear to meet fairly well the xequisite conditions, which are that they should be associated with instruction, be conducted on business lines, involving record and report, and should have a profit incentive in view. One of the first requisites of the successful teaching of elementary agriculture in the schools was the provision of courses of training for teachers. To meet the necessities of the case, special summer courses were provided and special inducements offered to teachers to attend them. In this connection the funds available under the Act rendered important assistance. By means of such courses numbers of insjiectors AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a and teachers have been instructed in the elementary principles of agriculture without which it would have been impossible for them to deal with the subject. In the normal school courses provision has also been made in most provinces for similarly equipping those proposing to enter the teaching profession. A recent progressive development in connection with the teaching of agriculture has been the introduction of agricultural and household science departments in high , schools. This project is meeting with success in a number of instances. In Ontario the case of the Whitby High School may be cited as an example. In this school the principal was himself deeply interested in the undertaking, and such an attitude on the part of that officer may be regarded as a pre-requisite of success. At the Whitby school it was found to be necessary, in order to build up the department, to popularize the teaching of agriculture in the schools of the district it served. Accordingly steps were taken to place before the people fairly the status of agriculture in the present system of education. The publicity campaign that resulted has been continued for over three years. Any opposition that existed on the part of the farmers was found to be based on lack of information or misunderstanding of the scope of the work. Many of the most strenuous opponents have since become ardent supporters of the project. , The agricultural department of the Whitby school, in common with several other such schools, is ^ow undertaking actual extension work among the farming 'community. The assembly hall, laboratory and motion picture outfit have been made available for demonistrations and lectures. As a result the community is learning to look upon the high school as an educational centre for themselves as well as for their children. The outstanding result of this excellent work is that many more children from the rural district are coming to the- high school, not being satisfied, as formerly, with merely a public school education. School consolidation is being promoted in several provinces, but generally speaking the movement advances slowly. That many rural schools as at present constituted are excellent within their prescribed limits will not be denied. But, good or bad, they do not provide those dtependent iipon them with more than the rudiments of an educa- tion. That this is entirely insufficient to meet the present day needs of the farming- business will be freely admitted by those familiar with the wide range of knowledge that the farmer should have at his command. Agriculture gives scope for the mental faculties in a wider field than most callings. Nevertheless, scientific agriculture is a term that still arouses a species ,of resentment in the minds of some who have not learned to discern the relationship of the sciences to farming operations. They still labour under the delusion that the training of the hand and the general know-ledge of reading, writing and arithmetic gained at the rural school is sufficient equipment for their needs. , To secure adequate rewards for his toil, the man wlio tills the soil must call to his aid all the ascertained facts in relation to agriculture. He must know for example, how to maintain the fertility of his laud, how to improve the yield of his crops through seed selection and the employment of the most suitable varieties, how to breed and feed his live stock so as to secure the greatest rdtura at the smallest cost. In no other way than by the application of scientific or exact knowledge can the land be made to produce to its capacity. The words of the Greek philosopher of two thousand years ago are as true to-day ^s they ever were: "Agriculture is an art that renders those who understand it rich, but leaves those who do ,not understand it, however hard they labour in it, ,to live in poverty." Probably there is not a rural school, no matter how good, that could not be improved by consolidation, where consolidation is feasible. Consolidated schools are no experiment; there is no question as to their efficiency; the cost in terms of service cannot compare with what some sections are now paying. Consolidated schools can 24 DEPAKlMKyr OF AGlilCVLrURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 I'ring tlie country all the advantages now possessed by urban public and high schools, and can in addition beoome an effective instrumentality for redirecting and vitalizing country life. As a whole the fannhig community is unconvinced of the importance of improving rural educational facilities. Tiiiese must be improved before any marked advance can be made in agricultural conditions. This state of public opinion is indicated by the niggardly policy often adopted towards school expenditures, by tlie indifference displayed towards agricultural teaching, and by a lack of appre- ciation of the benefits that might reasonably be expected to flow, under suitable con- ditions, from the policy of school consolidation, the provision of high school courses in agriculture, of special vocational schools of agriculture, and of ample facilities for the training experts in all lines of agricultural endeavour. JuxiOR Extension Work, including School and Home Gardens, Boys' and Gibls' Clubs and School Fairs In 1919, some 1,500 public and separate schools conducted classes in agriculture and qualified for grants. The progress made is indicated by the fact that in 1914 the number of schools qualifying was 2(54, with 20S school gardens and 56 home gardens. In 1918, 1,020 such schools qualified with 588 school and 432 home gardens. In 33 high schools agriculture has been introduced as an optional subject, as compared with 11 in 1914. The school garden, as now understood, is tending to become a permanent part of The school accommodation of Ontario. The number of schools undertaking school garden work is increasing steadily year by year, as indicated by the following figures : 1914, 208; 1915, 222; 1916, 324; 1917, 466; 1918, 588; and 1919, 700 (approximate). Usually the school garden forms a part of the regular school property, hut, as might be expected, there is a considerable number of gardens on land secured only tempor- arily. In very many cases the land was loaned to the school board free of charge. The spirit shown in such acts as this demonstrates more than words the trend of the school garden movement. The first school fair was organized in 1909, with three schools taking part. Ten years later, 357 rural school fairs were held in the province and the pupils had 69,848 home plots and made 111,823 entries. It is estimated that about 250 people saw the first school fair in which 58 pupils took part, while in 1919, 92,600 children and 107,590 adults attended the school fairs in Ontario — a remarkable growth. Some excellent exhibits were made this year in the manual training classes, the boys taking great interest in this class of work. During the year 1919 the Ontario Department of Agriculture, through its agri- cultural representatives, distributed seeds and eggs to 78,946 pupils in 3,278 rural schools of the province. These figures grive some idea of the magnitude of the school fair movement in Ontario. QUEBEC The teaching of agriculture in the schools of the province of Quebec is aided annually from the Agricultural Instruction funds. The aUotmemt is applied as fol- lows:— (1) For the promotion of school and home gardens, boys' and girls' clubs, school fairs. (2) For special lectures to pupils and parents on elementary agricultiiral educa- tion, including Normal school lectures and demontrations. (3) For special courses in elementary agriculture for school inspectors. AGRICULTURAL IXSTRUCTIOX ACT 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a In addition to the above, $10,000 is distributed to domestic science schools and to institutions giving special courses in domestic science. In the rural districts of Quebec province, the home garden has been substituted for the school garden. These numbered 22,734. In the towns and villages there were 374 school gardens, and the total number of young gardeners was 27,326. The gar- dens were under the direction of the 33 agricultural representatives of the provin- cial Department of Agriculture. Short courses for school inspectors are held at the School of Agriculture, Ste. Aime de la Pocatiere, at the Agricultural Institute, Oka, and at the ilacdonald College. Instruction is given in general agriculture, horticulture and poultry work. The inspectors instruct teachers and also Mcture on school gardening in the primary schools. The Quebec Department of Agriculture supplies special lecturers in agi-iculture to instruct pupils of the twelve normal schools. Each of the normal schools has a demonstration gai-den and poiiltry plant. The management of the school fairs of the province is in the hands of the agri- cultural representatives. The classes of products exhibited included, this year, the pigs and calves reared for the competitions organized among those attending the courses conducted by the representatives. Macdonald College Fairs. — During the year 1919, the Quebec Provincial Depart- ment of Agriculture assumed full control of all school fairs for French children, so that Macdonald College rural school department assisted the provincial demonstra- tors only in the organization of fairs for English children. Assistance was given to all demonstrators who held English fairs. Altogether, twenty-five English fairs were held in the province, the cost of the work being met from the grant made to the College by the Provincial Government from Agricultural Instruction funds. The total number of children receiving seed last spring in order to take part in these twenty-five school fairs was 5,983. All the seeds and eggs, with the exception of sweet com and potatoes, were provided from ilaodonald College. In addition, judges were supplied by the college for each fair. During the year the household science demonstrators from Macdonald College continued the work they have been carrying on for a number of years in connection, with sohool fairs, giving many demonstrations to rural 'children in cooking and sewing. Practically all the children in the province who take part in the English school fairs have now received demonstrations in these subjects. At many of these centres lectures and demonstrations were given to the boys by one of the members of the rural school department. In the province of Quebec " Junior Breeders' dubs " have been organized through the agricultural representatives and the co-ox>eration. of the banks. The purpose of these clubs is to interest the young people in the rearing of live stock, and to famili- arize them with book-keeping and banking. The stock is exhibited at the local exhi- bition, the prize money being provided by the department. In this province an arrangement has been made between the Departments of Edu- cation and Agriculture whereby boys' and girls' clubs and school fairs are carried on co-operatively. The territory in charge of each school inspector is taken as the unit for organization purposes, and the inspector is recognized as the natural club leader for his district. He decides where fairs are to be held, and arranges them in circuits. He is present at all of the fairs, and either judges the school work or arranges for competent judg^ to take his place. The agricultural representatives, who are all familiar with club and fair work, assist teachers as desired, and the Extension Ser- vice provides from two to five judges for the agricultural an-d home economic exhibits. 26 niJI'ARTMHXT OF ACRIVI III ItE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 In 1019 there were 320 central clubs, 1,200 brancli t-liil)-. and 2*1,500 niembers. Praetienllf all of the clubs held fair?, and althouprh over <>0 per cent of the clubs encountered wet weather, the attendance of adults was over 30,000, and children over 35,000. The Manitoba boys and cirls in 191!) reared 867 pigs, 871 calves, 366 sheep, 355 colts and 4,433 chickens. Cookery and gardening: occupied the attention of m«ny girls and boys with th? result that in cooker.y there were 9,792 exhibits as compared with 9,433 exhibits of vegetables. In the matter of vegetable canning "Miinitoba boys and girls hove a di-stinguished achievement to their credit. Among the various projects canning stood third with nearly 5,000 exhibits. The showing of over 1,000 dairy exhibits suggests that ■dairying is receiving a great deal of attention. During July and August ten-day short course classes in woodwork were held at fourteen places in co-operation with local trustee boards, and most of the 1,600 wood- work exhibits can be traced to these schools. There was a marked improvement in the record-keeping work in 1910 both in neatness and in the number of records, over 2,250 being shown at the various fairs. School work has always been a very important feature at the club fairs and during the year there were entered about 28,000 exhibits of actual school work. Of the 30,000 club members fewer than 2,000 failed to carry their work through to a successful conclusion and have exhibits at the fairs. SASK.\TCHEWAN Under the impetus given to elementary agricultural teaching through the Dominion grant for agricultural instruction certain definite results have been accomplished in Saskatchewan. In 1915, directors of school agriculture were appointed, and since then the various phases of agricultural instruction have been kept constantly before the public. By means of short courses, summer schools, special lectures at Normal schools, teachers' conventions and institutes and the issue of bulletins, a better imderstanding of the subject has been brought about. The School Agriculture branch of the Depart- ment of Education embraces activities connected with the teaching of agriculture in the public and high schools, school gardening, the beautification of school grounds, the training of teachers in the Xormal schools in nature study and agrriculture, the school exhibition work of the province, the rural education movement and boys' and girls' clubs. For the high school a very definite and practical curriculum in agriculture has been prepared, designed to meet the needs of boys and girls who intend to remain on the farm and to give an agricultural and home economics content to the holders of teachers' certificates. The instruction given through special agricultural courses is intended to help the many thousand young people in Saskatchewan who have not reached grade VIII and cannot enter high school, though they are beyond the age and scope of influence of the public school. While the practical instruction contributes valuable information, the efiort is rather to broaden the entire education of the student through agriculture of a practical nature. A summer school for teachers is held annually at the University of Saskatchewan. Teachers of agriculture are also assisted in a practical way through correspondence, visits to schools, addi-esses at teachers' conventions, illustrated evening lectures, and contributions to publioations. A seriee of lectures in nature study and agriculture was given at each of the third-class Xormal centres while similar work was provided at the first and second-class sessions. Government co-operation in tree-planting and school ground improvement i> another activity of this branch. Arrangements were made in 1915 with the 'Forestry Branch of the Department of the Interior for the supplying of free trees for shelter AGRlCriTURAL IXfiTRVCTIOy ACT 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a plaiitiiifr oil school grounds. The Proviucisl Xursery provides a supply of perennials and flowering shrubs for school ground improvement, ^any districts receiving trees have also been assisted in school ground planning. An interesting and valuable phase of work has been carried out in the boys' and girls' section of the Better Farming Train. In co-operation with the chief game guardian of the province, a special programme, consisting of lantern lectures on birds and animals was provided. The record of attendance shows that sixty points were visited at which a total of 11,670 school children, attending 388 schools, saw the train. There were 327 teachers also in attendance. The boys' and girls' club work, which -until recently was under the direction of the Extension Department of the University of Saskatchewan, has been transferred to the Department of Education and is now organized in direct connection with the School E.xhibition system and the Rural Education Association movement. Early in 1919, a bulletin was issued giving general directions for the guidance of such clubs. Wherever Rural Education Associations exist, the clubs are organized under that auspices. The work, which is vocational in its aim, consisted of competitions in calf, colt, pig and poultry rearing, potato growing, gardening, carming, and judging. The enrolled membership was 2,034, and the total number of exhibitors 1,920. In accordance with the policy originating with the Agricultural Instruction Com- mittee, school exhibition work was, an 1915, placed under the direction and control of the Department of Education. In this province where the value of education through agiueulture is being more emphasized and better understood, school and home garden work is given an important place while agricultural projects such as poultry rearing are not neglected. Household science and manual training are subjects of .study in the schools and therefore receive a J.arge share of attention at the school fairs, but the competitions are not always con- fined to class-room activities. The exhibition programme is very broad, and aims at aiaking the event a true expression of the school throughout the whole range of its activities, together with certain other subjects having to do with community better- ment. As a result the outstanding characteristic of the year's work has been the increased interest shown alike by the general public, teachers and pupils. The Rural Education Association has proven the most satisfactory organization for carrying on this work. There are 120 Rural Education Associations in Saskatche- wan, 105 of which conducted successful school exhibitions. In several inspectorates the whole territory is organized into such associations and a common prize list used. In a number of inspectorates a central exhibition is held at which the prize winning exhibits from the locals are shown. The following table shows the development of the school exhibition in Saskatche- wan. A large number of agricultural societies do excellent work in providing oppor- tmiities for children to exhibit at the regular summer and fall fairs. These, however, are not included : — Number of Exhibitions Tear * reported. 1914 14 1915 i- 1916 Si 1917 ;. 129 1918 • 175 1919 202 During the year special efforts have been made to assist in developing community programmes. The library of lantern slides has been further extended. There are now available for loaning purposes some sixteen sets of seventy to seventy -five slides each, with sufficient descriptive matter to make it possible for any one to develop a good 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 lantern lecture. These sets have been sent out on request to a large number of points and are renderinar excellent service as a means of entertainment and instruction in the rural communities. A summary of the work carried on during 1!)1'9 shows that over 200 school exhibi- tions were held, 44 Kural Education Associations were formed, making a total of 118 in operation at the close of the year, over 200 public addresses were given, judges were provided for 175 exhibitions, 20 conventions and teachers' institutes were visited, 1,170 teachers in training were instructed in various phases of school agriculture, 2 short courses in agriculture were held at the summer school for teachers, 53 school districts were provided with trees and a large number of schools were visited, in addition to the assistance given through correspondence and by the distribution of bulletins and circulars prepared by the department. In 1915 a branch of the Department of Education was organized tinder a director for the development of household science in the schools. The work developed until, in 1919, the staff consisted of five members in addition to the household science teacher at each of the two Normal schools. The activities connected therewith consist in assisting rural schools in establishing the noon lunch, instruction of teachers at Normal schools, assistance at school fairs, instruction at the summer school for teachers and special short course. The Department of Agriculture for Alberta has not developed club work to a very great extent. The work that is being done for Alberta boys and girls is accomplished by using the school organization for gardens and live-stock enterprises and giving directions in the schools with regard to these activities. Under the direction of the three agricultural schools there were held 40' fairs, which included 440 schools and 6.500 pupils. In all classes there were approximately 35,000 exhibits. The agricultural schools, with funds provided under the Agricultural Instruction Act, supplied seeds, printing and judges. The school fairs are based chiefly on the school garden work. In a number of the school fair districts in which the teachers of the agricultural schools carry on extension work, and also where the three agricultural representatives of the Depart- ment of Agriculture are operating, school clubs were organized for the rearing of poultry, calves, colts, and pigs. During the past year each of the agricultural repre- sentatives, in co-operation with the poultry branch of the Department of Agriculture, undertook the organization of a number of school poultry clubs. The work was entirely new to jMrents, pupils and teachers, but it has met with a most enthusiastic support from all. Eggs from pure strains were supplied for hatching, and the district agents as far as possible gave personal instruction and direction in the hatching, rearing and management of the yoimg chicks. This was followed later in the season by instruction in the winter management of the flock. The popularity and success of the poultry clubs have been such that an extension of the work is being planned for the ensuing year. BRITISH COLUMBU The introduction of nature study and school gardening is helping to stimulate the evolutionary movement in the direction of applying sound pedagogic pri-nciples to every-day practice. Tear by year teachers are achieving better results in the correla- tion of nature study with other school subjects. School and home gardening is being used more intelligently, and pupils are coming to enjoy the nature study part of their work. The success of this branch as of other branches of study, rests with the teacher. Not only is improvement shown by the teachers in their work, but also a growing determination to secure the training necessary through the special summer courses in elementary agriculture provided with that object in view. AGRICVLTIRAL INSTRUCTIOX ACT 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Seven district supervisors of agricultiiral instruction Lave already been provided in this province. Their duties are to give a course in agriculture, extending over two years to high school students and to assist the public school teachers in adjacent rural districts in carrying out a course of instruction in elementary agriculture and school and home gardening. They are also required to conduct extension or continuation classes in agriculture during the winter months for those who are no longer attending school. The supervdsors are also available for advising with farmers in regard to agricultural problems. In the latter sphere they aot in co-operation with the Depart- ment of Agriculture which department in consideration of such services, provides transportation facilities and office accommodation. School fairs in British Columbia represent the co-operation of three agencies, the Department of Education, the agricultural societies and the school boards. They are usually held in conjunction with regular school fairs. In the districts served by district supervisors of agricultural instruction the best .results have been attained. In addition to the school garden, school contests in crops and live stock are being encouraged with gratifying results. KOVA SCOTU Ten travelling teachers in elementary agriculture now devote all their time to the work in Nova Scotia under the Director of Eural Science. The function of these teachers is really that of an organizer rather than a teacher. Rural science has developed through school gardening to all phases of home-making, including cooking, canning, sewing and community work. The travelling teachers are given a nine days' short course at Truro each year at which Sll the problems connected with their work are freely discussed. Grants are no longer made to teachers on aceotmt of rural science work, but as an equivalent a larger bonus is allowed those who attend the snmmer school at Truro. The training school for teachers held annually at Truro has been made more practical and embraces play and sports as well as agTieultural and home-making projects. Nova Scotia reports that 5,000 school children made home gardens in 1919, a considerable increase over the year previous. The report states that at one school the teacher organized her garden into a small township, appointing a manageir, road com- mittee, weed inspector, thus teaching a very real lesson in civics. The year saw a slight increase in the number of school fairs over the previous year. Last year 230 schools exhibited their produce; this year the number was increased to 250. Vegetables still continue to be the main feature of the children's exhibitions. NEW BRUNSWICK According to the course of instruction for the New Brunswick schools, nature study and agriculture is a prescribed subject for all schools. Only in schools, however, whose teachers are qualified by attendance at the Rural Science schod, where experi- mental instruction 'and practical school gardening are carried on, are funds from the Agricultural Instruction Act used. In other schools formal abstract methods chiefly are employed. The allotment to elementary agriculture is expended as follows: — (1) Salary and expenses of Director of Elementary Agricultural Education and of his assistant. (2) 'Teacher training — Expenses connected with the conduct of rural science schools and teachers' winter short courses. (3) Grants to teachers and trustees for agricultural teaching subject to the regulations of the Board of Education. (4) Expenses connected with school and home gardens and school fairs. (5) Printing reports and bulletins, including a monthly leaflet devoted to the promotion of rural education. 30 DEPARTilEXT OF .WRlClLri RE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 In lorder to qualify teachers to give instruction in elementary agriculture, a rural science school is held each summer at Sussex, lasting for four weeks. This is supple- mented by a tonchers' winter short course. A full course requires two summer sessions :uid lc;ul? to a certificate. Teachers are paid their travelling expenses. The Director of Elementary Agricultural Education is connected with the Department of Agricultiire. His division conducts the extension work in agriculture, acting in co-operation with the Board of Education. In most of the schools, home gardens and jwultry projects are carried on, all leading to the school fair. Xo grants have hitherto been made to high schools for agricultural instruction Nevertheless many of the high school teachers have taken the rural science school course, and co-operate with the teachers in the lower grades in this connection. Bo.vs' and girls' club work in New Brunswick has been very popular and the growth has been rapid. Through the Poultry Division of the Department of Agri- culture thirty-six clubs were formed, with a total membership of 464. There was distributed, in all. to these clubs in 1919, 12,670 eggs artd the estimated actual number of hens now owned by the members is 8,000. These are servi-ng as a source of supply of hatching eggs for the province. Two years ago it was practically impossible to get any bred-to-lay strains in the province. Tlie plan for 1920 is to organize these clubs as centres for securing quantities of hatching eggs for general distribution. There were thirty poultry club fairs held in the provi-nce and birds to the number of 3,500 were exhibited. A number of the club members also exhibited at the larger provincial and county fairs in open competition and won a good share of the prize money in the utility classes at these e-xhibitious. PRIXCE EDWARD ISLAXD Nature stud.v, including elementary agriculture, is a compulsory subject in the schools of Prince Edward Island. The work is associated with school or home gardens, pig and poultry clubs and school fairs, and is under the general supervision of a Director of TSural Science. A sum is allotted annually to these activities from the Agricultural Instruction grant and expended as follows: — (1) Salary and expenses for the Director of Rural Science and assistant. Salaries of four additional school inspectors. (2) Maintenance of the Rural Science Department of Prince of Wales College for the training of teachers and for junior extension work. (3) Bonuses to teachers for teaching agriculture. The Rural Science Department of Prince of "Wales College was eutirel.v equipped and is being maintained from the grant. It provides instruction in elementary agri- culture for first and second year and Normal class students, and supplies the training in agriculture necessary to those who are to teach the subject in the schools. The department is in charge of a Director of Rural Science who supervises school agri- culture generally, being assisted by the school inspection staff of eight in.^pectors, four of whom are paid from the grant. The junior extension work of the depart- ment includes boys" and girls' pig and poultry clubs and school fairs. Materials and supplies for work of this kind, including eggs and seeds, are distributed to the schools. A rural science circular is issued. Grants and bonuses are paid to the teachers for elementary agriculture, the amount depending upon the standard of the work performed and the qualifications of the teacher. School fairs as a part of the agricultural training in the rural schools were not organized in this province until 1916. As an experiment, four fains were started. AORIVfLTVSAL INSTRVCTIOy ACT 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a These were so well received by the districts that the followi-ig' year saw the number increased to fourteen. In 1919' the number had increased to forty. The Department of Agriculture, through the Rural Science Branch, directs the organization. The generous action of the Canadian Bankers' Association in giving $30 for calves and pigs when exhibited according to their regulations, was highly appreciated and has been of great benefit to the live-stock industry. The competition in dairy calves resulted in tlie finest exhibit of dairy calves and yearling heifers, all under eighteen months, shown at the Tryon School fair, ever brought together in the province. The boys who take part in these competitions learn to feed, care for a-nd exhibit and become intensely interested in live stock. Tbe boys of to-day are the fanners of to-morrow, and live stock being the mainstay of agriculture it is felt that, in an agricultural country, every possible encouragement should be given to a form of education that will foster its development. The efforts of the Rural Science Branch hare resulted in the organization, on a fairly extensive scale, of poultry clubs among the pupils of the public schools. To facilitate the work, three large incubators were installed and day-old chicks were ordered far in excess of what the department was able to supply. The boys and girls exhibited their poultry at the school fairs and at the provincial poultry show held at Charlottetown. 32 DEI'Ah'rVFXr OF AGRICVLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 o %_ ^ ^^ f- ^c -. ■r^ i^ CS -^ r* ( <= -r ^ r- -r "^ ,, ^ _ Z — PC o — CO — ^* tft as X -V P? -^X-^C^:^? iC i o - -^ ga « 0 »fll r^ c» 0 PC c „ y- s SS5 ^gp; . 3 3 ^S iS« gg?: * "•3 •• CI 00 M — „• X cJ^ QC - 2 ?5 PC 3 .§ " g t^ g o| «» _ ^ n ^ -— ^ .^,_^ j,^^ ; ; "~00 O"'^ 3( 3CC(N*CC S : — I— 0 C^ ■'T « C 2 SSS2 u- , i ^O^i^ JCOCOt^C^ CO"C 3 a cooi 0 -^ *- %e •c r^ . oc ^ .■ u- >— "Oeceso ■ cccoo«»o^® '^'^ t^.^'^CS ^ 06 OSaS »«ONO c o» as «» ».'->' u- cT— CS!^— -CS^ ■ 03-^^ ci-*" Wu -, PQ 0 W 10 e»" 30C ■V X M " »C 0 — ' c> 4 0 — r- X i^ X i tcw-tro csus'w N or^c 1 ocaoi 3 Xif 5 0030CO«t^ •* — . "5 cspoocr^ ccMff' CO 0 74 7> 1 cj cE t— r*r- lO 0 »rt 0 PO C r* rt-ti «5 O X »-- OO QOOC 00 oosr^ ffl^c 1 CQ - U5 ^1 (MOCS- OOOOC 0 3 OeOCi OW Nl^OSDXC^ CO «» r-T ■•£ x^ Cs"— ^CM CO CJtOiO —Tciirs coo .-•CO OOM NCS 00 r 1 3C =: 22 __^ -— . ^ _ § OCOOC «3 -^ »o»ft 0 c 'O c r- ^ 5 oeoo: C^ r-^ OCftOCC - 00 00 OM c^ »0 •o O — *r O c^ -H . - 0 0 •-- 00 0 0 00 <£ CI oeocr: r^ ca PC 00 c 00 0 o-* CC MCO-* =D 43 »--: I.-; ;cs ■» «*■ g"= — * -'■ -: 0 « oc: C2 o o o => 0 00c s^§ gs s§s «o O S5 =>0 = 00 0 00c c; o =5 =: o C5 c; 0 0 00c ggg gg ggg CO o-c; = 3 000 0 ^ 3_0_0_0 0 "CO 5 0 3 c i-t ic 0 00 0 ».o 0 CO o » o ifli^'L- SO-TcM C"» !m" lC l- — TJ s~ (M — ' CO iJD-rrcoo ;o CN 0 S x^co «i Ti i2 oco^o CO *o « CO CC -H tOtC X CO o«J o OMl^Ol ?C C*?C5 (C M h- (M ^7 r^ f^ »C CO X 09 CO '■J' ^ OCS tft CS — QC C^ Ci -^ CJCS t-ox— • S — (Mr-ec o X 0 ?J o3 u "^S o. «o iC -^ffl H< « rt s 'c ^ .s to 1 0 if 1 £ "aC 3 " if s a ^ •— X •0 £ J ■3 .115 0 0 » .5 c 0 J III s 1 e a 1 > i 8 .S c "0 c 11 II S 0 .ill ; ' Id ■: sell > 2 .s8 - 1 1= 111 5 0 g .2 c III ll 1= %iii . . c 5> ^ c s = 0 gvvr <:<; = 11 ! £ 5 = ■s s S fofcici 3 ^ -^ 5 "^ c S dd^ "ko Q rr/^ar. Jc tTQ 0 K £ 2 2 6 ^=5s re -*• »« 0 t^xas O-M PC -^ »c tor^ 1 2 ~ "^ 1 AGRICULTiRAl. r\STI{r(TIO\ ACT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 1 5a Province of Quebkc Grant of 1919-30 THE AGHICULTUHAl, INSTRI'C'TION' ACT Slmjiahv Statement, April 1, 191'.t, to March 31, 1920 No. Classification. Grant. 1. Schools of agriculture $ Tij.OOiO 00 2: School of Veterinary Science. . . . o.OOO O") 3. Animal husbandry 9,0dn 00 4. Poultry IS.OO'O OO 5. Horticultural and entomological work 31,0*0 0(0' 6. Experimental and demonstration orchards 4.000*0 7. Dairying o.OO'O *0 S. Agricultural representatives.. .. C9,0*0 00' 9. Seed selection, clover-plots and demonstration 9,i0'00 O'O' 10. Bee-keeping T.OiO'O 'O'O' 11. Drainage 6, COO 'O'O 12. Maple industry 4.'0'0'0 'O'O 13. Short courses and lectures 9,113 7'6 1-1. Agriculture in academies S|,'0'00 O'O 15. Domestic science lO.OOO O'O 16. School children's exhibits 2,'000 O'O Balance. iSxpenditure. Credit $ 56,002 59 $18,997 41 5,0i0'0 O'O — S,601 '06 . 39S 94 15,7'69,11 2, 2 JO 89 aS.aO'O 53 5,799 47 2,543 77 1,4'56 23 3,319 66 1,6S0 34 53,669 '0'9 15,330 91 S,46i7 23 532 7'7 5,993 12 1,00'6 'S'S S.^o'S 910 941 1«' 2,7i69 93 1,2'3'0 •0-7 9,0,51 3S 62 3« 7,996 91 3 09 4,4'01 94 'a,5'9iS 06 1,99'4 43 '5 57 $271,113 Macdonald College Statement of Eeceipts and Disbursements for year ending Marcli 31, 1&20 April 1, 1919 — Debit balance 'forward $1,99« 66 Receipts — - Agricultural Instruction Grant 25,000 00 $?3,001 34 Disbursements — Animal husbandry $3,0S4 23 Biologj- Department 1.117 9.j Cereal husbandry 2,269 IS Chemistry Department 849 96 Horticultural Department.. 367 77 Household Science Department 4,671 64 Poultry Department 4.113 94 Veterinary science 2.113 05 Rural schools 5,253 21 Short courses ISl 90 General 223 58 24,248 41 Debit balance March 31. 1920 81,247 07 15a— 3 i>i:r.\n'iMi:sr or .\i:i!i' .Vgricultural Educ:ition Xo. 1 Elcmentarj- Agricultural Education No. 2 Contingoni'ies 1,378 43 144 41 696 25 26 95 166 30 26 00 511 .36 20 50 6 63 429 1.804 13 2,887 36 '§21 34 27 23,000 00 12,000 00 1,000 00 5,618 54 1,500 00 71 30 1,600 00 2,118 55 1,191 61 2.000 00 2, .500 00 8,500 OO ►12.000 00 616 69 S cts. 9,661 44 23,000 00 10,621 .57 1,144 41 5,433 OS I,. 526 95 237 60 1,574 00 2,629 91 1,212 11 2,005 63 2,929 72 10.304 13 15,708 70 644 29 $ cts, 9,729 90 23,000 00 10,399 19 1,02S 17 6,292 77 1,769 98 237 60 2,28.<(,83 3,320 20 1,212 II 2,041 43 2,612 18 9,978 78 13,782 74 650 98 S cts 68 46 8.59 243 03 714 83 690 29 10,608 42 81,716 69 510 76 222 3S 116 24 317 M 325 35 •From N.B. and P.E.T. Provincial Governments' share of Dairy School expenses, previously p;iiil rom this fund. AGRICJ LTTRAI. IXSTRl CTIOy ACT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a Province of N'ew Brunswick THE Ar.RICrl.TVRAL INSTRUCTION ACT Grant of 1919-20. Summary Statement, April 1, 1919, to March 31, 1920. No. Classification. Balances April 1. Grant. Re- funds. Total Credits. Expendi- ture. Dr. Balance Cr. Balance. 1 Agricultural schools — S cts. .354 22 1,600 27 157 42 621 23 262 11 579 29 2S6 62 95.S 80 206 05 40 71 267 9.3 870 96 528 46 1.151 54 438 46 500 00 S cts. 1,500 00 12,000 00 2,400 00 5,000 00 5,200 00 4.500 00 5,210 80 3,800 00 900 00 2,800 00 6,000 00 14,800 00 S cts. 34 08 17 15 263 42 3 20 By Trans. 18 261 500 00/ 1,7.32 99 1,050 01 % cts. 1,,SSS 30 13,600 27 2,259 73 4,042 19 5,465 31 4.438 97 6.657 17 3,891 21 1.106 05 2,759 29 6.582 69 14,286 26 528 46 310 67 489 41 $ cts. 1,206 56 13,406 01 2,447 94 4,726 32 5,034 14 4,124 50 6,575 31 5,588 12 600 00 2,918 63 8. 751 07 ' 11,619 94 869 65 310 67 3.50 00 .5 cts. ' i88 21 84 13 1^696 91 i59 34 2,168 38 341 19 .S cts. 2 Agricultural representa- .■? Bee-keeping Dr. Soils and drainage. . Dr. 4 6 Live stock Dr. Dairying Dr. Poultry Dr. 314 47 81 86 !» 10 Agricultural societies Dr. Women's Institutes. .Dr. Elementary Agricul- tural Education (in- cluding t!chool Fairs), Dr. 1918-19 Short courses.... a 12 By Trans. 8.50 62 357 22 2,666 32 To Trans. Item 11. 850 621 9 75/ 50 95 To Trans. Item 6, 500 00 Contingencies and mis- 139 41 -•Vgricultural Schools — 1,2.58 15 64,110 SO 3,. 537 03 68,905 98 68,. 528 86 4,6.38 16 5.015 28 iiEi'MtruKM ill- Miiaci i/n iti: 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Phovinck ok PitiNCF, EmvARD Island THE AGIIKTLTl'RAI, INSTRUCTIOK ACT Grant of ]!)l9-20. Summary Statement, April 1, 1919, to March 31, 1920. Classifi cation. Balances AprU 1. Grant. Refunds. Tot*l Credits. Expendi- ture. Cr. Balance. Agricultural Buildings — Equipment and Mainten- ance Director ancl agricultural t cts. 3,s 38 23 56 53 31 15 49 .•)2 13 20 26 414 17 30 16 1,886 89 $ cts. 1,725 00 5,S00 00 ,300 00 1 , 300 00 3.000 00 1,700 00 3,510 00 11,500 00 2.014 22 $ cts. .? cts. 1,763 38 5,823 56 3.53 31 1.772 49 3.999 88 1 , 830 37 3.954 17 11,774 84 3,939 76 $ cts. 1,270 60 4,458 55 98 97 1,540 90 2,, 556 48 1,185 41 3,080 27 10,380 .36 1,978 69 $ cts. 492 78 1,.365 01 254 si DrainaKC and soils Live stock and dairying. . Poultry-, bee-keeping, horti- culture and co-operative 4.57 00 47 75 110 11 30 00 244 68 38 65 231 59 1.443 40 044 96 873 80 Elementary agricultural 1,394 48 Miscellaneous and contin- gencies 1.961 07 2,5.34 35 31,749 22 928 19 35.211 76 20,550 23 8,661 53 AGRICI'LTURAL ISSTRICTJOX ACT 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15a GEAXT TO VETERINAEY COLLEGES The division of the grant of 1919-20 to veterinary colleges entitled to participate in the $20,000 allotted to such institutions under the Aet was as follows:— Ontario Veterinary College, 72 students ?14.117 6;. School of Veterinary Science, Montreal. 3'0 students 5,8S2 35 Ontario Veterinary College Statement of the Dominion s'rant April 1. 1919 to March 31, 1920. Balance on hand, March 31. 1913 ? 112 64 Grant, 1915-16 14,Si69 53 $14.9S2 17 Contingencies — postage, stationery, temporary assistance, etc §3.035 70 Equipment, library and laboratory supplies, etc. . . 492 37 Printing and advertising-. . 70G 2iS Services ot lecturers, demonstrators, etc. — J.W.Adams $ 100 00 J. A. Allan 666 64 H. \V. Brown 3>0'0 00 H. E. Batt Ii950 00 W. G. Frisby IM 00 W. J. R. Fowler 50 «0 T. H. Ferguson 150 &0 J-;. Gwatkin 799 g'S F. H. Kirkpatrick 90 00 R. .\. Mcintosh 1.2&5 00 H. D. Nelson 1,799 9S W. L. Williams IW O'O 7,452 2S , 11,686 63 Balance on hand March 31, 1920 $ 3,295 54 School of Veterixarv Sciexce, Moxtre.al Dominion grant, 1919-20 $5,SS2 35 Salaries pf teaching staff $5,S29 90 Incidentals 52 45 $5,SS2 35 $5,S&2 3i5 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b A. 1921 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CANADA REPORT VETERINARY DIRECTOR GENERAL iF. TORRANCE, B.A., D.V.So YEARS ENDING MARCH 31, 1919, AND MARCH 31, 1920 PRIXTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMEXT OTTAWA THOMAS XIULVET PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1921 IXo. lob, 1921] 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b A. 1921 The Honourable S. F. Tolmie, Minister of Agriculture. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my reports for the years ending March 31, 1!)1S), and March 31, 1920. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, F. TOEKAXCE, B.A.. D.V.Sc. Veterinary Director General. !-,!.- H 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b A. 1921 REPORT OF THE , VETERINARY DIRECTOR GENERAL FOP. THE YEAR F.XDIXG MARCH 31, 1919 COXTAGIOUS DISEASES DIVISION The health of Canada's live stock during the year has been highly satisfactory. None of the epizootic diseases which cause most anxiety to sanitary officials such as foot and mouth disease, cattle plague and contagious pleuro-pneumonia have been found within our borders. Glanders, hog cholera, and cattle mange have chiefly occu- pied our field force and it will be noted by the following statistics that they have been kept under control and progress accomplished. The greater part of Canada is now free from glanders and the number of cases discovered is less than half the figure of last year. Most of these cases occurred in the northern part of Saskatchewan and Manitoba among horses which had been used during the winter in haiiling supplies, etc., to and from the mines in the Le Pas district. The infection appears to have now been stamped out. Its origin is however unknown. DEPARTilEyr OF AORICCLTORE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Remarks : a 1 J 1 1 o a a 1 QMS o 1 31 Humboldt. U Last Mountain. 0 MacKcnzie. 2 Saltcoats. X i ■V - N Compensation paid ?? § S i 8 J 8 1 s 1 8 S g 1 CO O «5 00 Horses, mules and asses tested and found healthy § * s 1 i ^ g CO 1 1 i 1 1 c 3 5 C O e s a 1 1 .2 < 1 3 1 1 ^ 1 HEALTH OF ASIMALS 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b HOG CHOLERA The campaign for increased production of hogs was highly successful and hog raisers increased their herds to a great extent. It thus happened that when our attention was called to an outbreak of hog cholera, we would frequently find a very large number of hogs involved. Losses from the disease in Canada are therefore somewhat heavier than last year, but in every ease outbreaks were promptly con- trolled, and by the use of serum the losses wexe reduced to a minimum. The value of the system of licensing persons who collect garbage and feed it to hogs is again demonstrating its usefulness not only in preventing infection through uncooked and virulent material, but by keeping the inspectors of the branch in close touch with the persons in this line of business. Early information of any suspicious sickness among hogs is thus obtained and measures to prevent the spread of irtfection can be taken. It may be added that the sanitary conditions of these premises have greatly improved through the work of the inspectors. DEPARTUEyt OF AdRKl LTl'RE 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 3 s a s s c No. of liogs slaughtered for exaniinatinn « M s •z. s i ■ 'I' in" t^ ^ 2 e'I'I _^ s 1 2 00 r* s of s ^ Cs" CO ■* 1 s" § > Is s 8 OS s i CO S § 0 S g "if 2-| s m 1 0 " § s ll ■3 0 . > 0 c s ? s OS 0 TO SI 0 (N s 1 E •s. a 1 "i E 1 G .c c c S s 1 1 < HEALTH OF .4.V/.UALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b HOG CHOLERA OUTBREAKS BY PROVINCES Province Electoral District No', of outbreaks Hogs destroyed Halifax 2 ' 1 I 314 3 I 112 5 20 15 30 61 87 2 27 78 15 232 8 1 37 Peel 12 Simcoe North WeUington South ... York West 38 15 115 42 13 Manitoba 56 87 43 25 IS Selkirk 57 12 513 14 52 2,163 This disease which at one time seriously threatened the horse-breeding industry of Western Canada may now be considered as finally stamped out. No clinical cases have been observed for two years.. The animals shown as slaughtered are a few which have failed to make a satisfactory showing when subjected to the complement fixation test of their blood. As a precaution, however, the stallions of the dourine area will be tested before the breeding season commences. A total of five animals, valued at $392, were slaughtered as being affected with the disease, at a cost of $261.33, distributed as follows :^ District Province Suspected and Quarantined Slaughtered Saskatchewan 2 2 1 g 3 1 1 4 Red Deer 3 20 ■^ DEPARTMEyr OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 HORSE MANGE Province 1 Outbreaks Animals AflFected Animals Quarantined 1 ! 2 1 1 Alberta A total of 4,817 horses and 40 mules were inspected on being presented for ship- ment from the quarantined area, in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Mange of cattle has and is occasioning much concern to us and is causing no small loss and annoyance to the stockmen of the mange area. The branch is finding it a difficult task to stamp out the disease, chiefly owing to the fact that the area affected is partly open range country in which cattle roam widely and are Tiot always kept from mixing with other herds. But this fact, although aiding in the spread of the disease, and making it difficult to carry out effective dipping, is not the only trouble. The stockmen have not given the branch the willing assistance and co-operation that is essential for successfully dealing with the disease. There are many who have done all that could be expected of them, but there are also a large number who look upon the mange regulations as a needless interference with the traffic in cattle and evade them if possible. In spite of these difficulties some progress has been made in controlling it and a large portion of the area has been cleaned up and will shortly be released from the obnoxious blanket quarantine. From time to time as circumstances permit the boundaries of the area will be shortened until they can be entirely removed. The severe drought affecting the southern part of the mange area reduced tho available forage to such an extent that it became necessary to make a decision between allowing some of the cattle to starve or to permit their removal to the northern part of the province where feed could be obtained. Owing to the lateness of the season dipping could not be carried out as effectually as was desirable, and in consequence mange was introduced in a few localities previously clean. The herds affected have been placed under quarantine and will be dipped as soon as the weather permits. It is to be hoped that this limited infection of the northern part of the province will soon be eradicated. CATTLE MAXCE Dominion Province Saskatchewan . Alberta Animals Affected Animals Quarantined 15.473 Sl,763 One hundred and twenty-four thousand eight hundred and thirty-two cattle were inspected on being presented for shipment from the quarantined area in Alberta and Saskatehewim, and 26.3,867 cattle were inspected in Winnipos- on arrival from points west thereof. SHEEP SC.\B In !^^anitoba, six animals on one man's premise? were found t) be infected with sheep scab, involving the control of twenty-eight animals on this one premises in the district of Selkirk. HEALTH OF AMUALi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b RABIES In Ontario, fifteen premises were quarantined, distributed as follows : — Premises District Quarantined Durham 3 Elgin, "W. H. . 1 Lincoln 1 Norfolk 1 Northumberland 6 Peel : Toronto 2 Xo fafcilities in human beings were reported. The following outbreaks were rejjorted and dealt with during the year: — Animals Province Outbreaks Quarantined Quebec 2 oZ Ontario 2 147 The death of one human being was reiwrted as due to anthrax. TUBERCULOSIS In miinicipal testing the work is slowly extending, but not to the extent that might be expected. Mimicipalities do not appear to realize the advantage of the Government's ofFer to test dairy herds free of charge and to pay compensation for cattle slaughtered as diseased, ilany cities appear to think that pasteurizing the milk affords every protection. Other cities do not even take this precaution and the citizens are left to take their chances. The burden of this carelessness does not fall upon those who deserve it, but upon the poor defenceless children, many of whom are doomed to early graves or to lives of crippled misery from tubercular infection carried by the mOk of diseased cows. Our first test of certain dairies sometimes reveals appalling conditions. In one dairy our inspectors found ten cows all of which reacted to the tuberculin test. WTien these were slaughtered, all were found diseased, some extensively. Among them were cows whose milk was loaded with tubercle bacilli. This dairy was distributing raw milk daily in the city. How many children were exjwsed to disease in this way is unknown, or how many contracted the disease, tut there is no reason to expect that all escaped. The city in qiiestion now has a safe milk supply, as all raw milk offered for sale is derived from tuberculin tested cows. It will be noticed that the percentage of reactors found in Saskatoon is the lowest in the list. This city was the first in Canada to adopt the Federal Regula- tions. In other places the percentage varies considerably, reaching Y-03 per cent in Battleford, which is one of the latest to join, the list. Experience indicates that in dairy testing it need hardly be expected to reach a point where no reactors are found. This might be possible if a dairy herd could be maintained without adding to it constantly fresh cows from other herds. The dairyman must maintain a steady supply of milk to satisfy his customers, and can only do so by replacing his cows that go dry by others that have just freshened. These fresh cows have to be tested before they are added to the herd, and in some cases react to the test and in this way keep up the percentage for an owner who has a clean herd. 12 • DEPARTMEyr OF AORICVLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ACX!RED1TED HERD SYSTEM This system was adopted in the United States by the Bureau of Animal Industry in 1917 and already has made great progress. It is a plan for assisting the owner of a pure-hred lierd to get rid of tuberculosis if it is present and when he has done sc to give him the advantage of having his herd placed on the list of tuberculosis free herds, or '" accredited." Efforts have been made to interest our breeders in this work by addresses and articles in the press. It is most important that the system should be adopted in Canada without delay, as other^vise our pure-bred cattle are in danger of losing the American market. HEALTH OF AXIVALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b B 5 of the 33 reactors not yet slaughtered nor paid for. 1 reactor not yet alaught- 0 T3 i 1 6 reactors not yet slau{?htered nor paid for. 30 reactors hold from previous year paid for. g.o-a ill $ cts. 2,118 66 1,863 28 1,713 .'33 656 63 3,849 93 3 > $ cts. 3, 178 00 2, 795 00 2,570 00 985 00 .5, 775 00 i Percentage of reactors r^ .^ ^1 -1- cc ? s 1 'd- re re f 2 Total cattle tested Oirp CS OOU5 0 ^1 "S 0 t- COCS 2 « N CO CO ?? S « -i " 1 ^ «S - g „ ^§ 8 - 0 c oocs Ci «eo oc «5 «? Tjf « s? - MOO ^ 2;^ 1 i 1 a: ; If ;^ > C ; 5 3 = ■c ^ h !1 14 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICVLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TUBERCULIX TESTING IMPORT, EXPORT AND GENERAL, APRIL 1, 1918, TO MARCH 31. 1919 Heading Number tested Reactors Suspicious Healthy Percentage of reactors 847 1,252 2.872 2,814 14 33 119 237 3 2 14 42 830 1,217 2,739 2,535 1-55 2-63 Supervised herds and for shipment to 414 General testing by private practitioners with Departmental tuberculin 8-42 7,785 403 61 7,321 5-20 IMPORT INSPECTIONS FROM UNITED STATES AND NEWTX)UNDLAND. Port Horses Mules Cattle Sheep Swine Goats Halifax N S 97 Svdnev N S •4 39 »73 16 10 2 37 5 8 10 4 21 28 402 3 15 17 6 4 17 •118 10 1 536 47 2 2 16 35 12 14 1 •584 •180 664 17 20 •106 115 2.181 161 134 289 •Includes 4 ponies. 2 4 1 1 13 2 1 1 39 •Includes 3 Shetland ponies. ■pi ^••11 ' "NT "R t\oTence\\\\e, . 12 Coat^cook bue* 7' 41 1 9 4 3 11 7 7 12 7 •Includes 3 ponies. 49 37 47 St. Agnes de Dundee, Que 2' •! 4 38 3 2 312 ••4 39 58 97 •13 42 58 79 is' 3 2 3 8 1 •Includes 1 pony. Windsor, Ont •Includes 5 ponies ••Includes 1 ass. •Includes 1 pony. •Includes 1 ox. 1 4 88 6 4 1 10 42 32 785 89 83 65 4 83 46 3 5 13 6 4 10 •Includes 2 ponies. 2 Sprague, Ont 10 EEALTB OF ANIMALS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b IMPORT INSPEXrriONS FROM UNITED STATES AND NEWFOUNDLAND — Concluded Port Horses Mules Cattle Sheep Swine Goats North Portal, Sask 2,289 384 415 31 532 59 1,558 62 37 881 1 16 44 8 50 50 43 100 103 4 '"•10 ""*74' 49' 2,742 74 151 1,174 416 5 2,083 57 24 622 68 30 9 6 Also 1 camel, 1 elephant. Big Muddy, Sask Willow Creek, Sask 1,749 Courts, Sask 8,631 22 378 3 •Includes 3 donkeys. Kingsgate, B.C 113 10 Graud Forks, B.C 2 8 131 5 14 27 243 5 181 17 295 i' 1 306 70 15 Bridesville, B.C 1 ■■25i' 20 2 i' Keremeos, B.C 225 365 68 2 White Rock, B.C 92 122 25 6 32 122 •7 63 •17 3 4 3 147 2 41 •Includes 4 asses. White Horse, Yukon 120 70 3 Total .... 12,949 924 10,133 11,806 225 857 IMPORT INSPECTIONS FROM EUROPE AND ELSEWHERE TRAN UNITED STATES AND NEWFOUNDLAND Port Horses Cattle Sheep Swine St. John, N.B 47 916 3 13 447 1 11 1 2 16 449 975 1 DEPARTilEXT OF .iORWLLTUHE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 lUPOKT TEbTlAQ Four thousand and fifty-four horses were tested ou arrival from United States and allowed to proceed to their destination. Entered at Aroostook Jet., N.B Centreville. N.B Debec Jet.. N.B Kdmunclston, N.B Floreneeville, N.B Crand Kails, N.B MoAdam Jet, N.B St. Leonards, N.B St. Stephen, N.B Woodstock, N.B Athelstan, Que Abereorn, Que Beauceville. Que Beebe Jet, Que Coaticook, Que Comins Mills, Que Dundee, Que Highwater. Que LacoUe Jet, Que T-.ake Megantic, Que Noyan Jet, Que Sherbrooke. Que St. Agnes de Dundee, Que. St. Armand, Que St. Johns, Que Trout River, Que Bridgeburg, Ont Cornwall, Ont Port Trances, Ont Kingston, Ont Morrisburg, Ont Niagara Falls, Ont Port Arthur, Ont Prescott, Ont Entered at Rainy River, Ont.. . Sarnia, Ont Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. Windsor, Ont Bannerman, Man.. .. Emerson, Man Gretna, Man Sprague, ^lan Snowflake, Man.. .. Big Muddy, Sask.. .. Northgate, Sask. . . . North Portal, Sask. . , West Poplar, Sask. . Willow Creek, Sask. . Pinhorn, Alta Coutts, Alta Twin Lakes, Alta.. . Vancouver, B.C White Rock, B.C. . . . Huntingdon, B.C. . . . Bridesville, B.C. . . . Myneaster, B.C Keremeos. B.C Osoyoos. B.C Rossland. B.C Midway, B.C Grand Forks, B.C. . . Cascades, B.C Kimgsgate, B.C Newgate, B.C 473 75 254 412 640 62 Total 4,054 PURE-BRETD IMPORTS HORSES Breed — Belgian Clydesdale. . . French draft. . Hackney . . . . Percheron . . . , Shetland . . . . Shire Standard ... Thoroughbred . CATTLE Breed — Aberdeen Angus .\}Tshire Brown Swiss Guernsey Hereford Holstein Jersey Polled Angus Red Polled Shorthorn Great Britain United States 27 HEALTH OF AXIilALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b PURE-BRED IMPORTS- SHEEP Breed — Cheviot Cotswold Dorset Hampshire Leicester Lincoln Oxford Persian Rambouillet Shropshire Southdown . . . Great Britain United States Breed — Berlishire Ohio Improved Chester Poland China Great Britain United States Breed — Toggenhurg . . Anglo Nubian Saanen . . . , Great Britain United States DISEASED IMPORTS Port Xo. of animals Xo. of in infected shipments shipment Xo. of animals infected Origin Action cows 1 1 26 1 1 2 United States... 3 I I 1 1 Grand Froks, B.C Huntingdon, B.C Osoyoos. B.C White Rock, B.C cow 1 cows 12 horses 4 cows 2 1 1 1 1 Returned. 1 returned. All returned. 1 returned. 60 IS horses 42 cattle S 10 lob— -J DEPARTMEyr OF AGRICULTURK 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ANIM.'U.S INSPECTED FOR EXPOIiT. Port Horses Ca-ttle Sheep Swine CharloUetown to Newfoundland 31 .. 43 Halifax to Bermuda 26 20 — Halifax to St. Pierre 2 45 2S — Halifax to Port of Spain, W.I . . . . . . » Sydney to Newfoundland 287 2,652 "63 576 St. John to Bermuda 13 12 St. John to United States 2 1 2 2 Toronto to United States .. 15.921 3,104 230 Niagara Falls to United States 2 Sarnia to United States .. 1 .. 60 North Portal to United States . . 875 Edmonton to United States . . 87 BridesvUle to United States 2 Huntingdon to United States . . 17 New Westminster to United States .. 2 Total. PATHOLOGICAL DIVISION The Biological Laboratory at Ottawa has satisfactorily suiiplied all the tuber- culin and mallein required by inspectors of this branch, and in addition has fur- nished large quantities of blackleg vaccine for distribution to farmers. Other bio- logical products manufactured on a smaller scale are anthrax vaccine, contagious abortion vaccine, influenza vaccine, etc. Valuable service is also rendered in the 1,'iboratory in the diagnosis of diseases from the microscopical examination of speci- mens of diseased tissues, tumours, etc., sent in by our inspectors in the field or in meat inspetion and also by practitioners. Research work is carried on as far as our circumstances permit. The absence on military duty of two of tlie most experienced members of our staff has seriously limited our work in this direction. Another drawback is the limited space available for this work at the Biological Laboratory and the hesitation one feels in conducting experiments on contagious diseases in premises so closely situated to a valuable herd on the Experimental Farm. It is to be hoped that some additional facilities may be provided so that the very necessary work of research can be carried on. The branch laboratories at Lethbridge and Agassiz have done good work in their respective fields. At Lethbridge a very large number of tests of blood have been made for the control of dourine. This is work calling for the very highest degree of skill and experience, and the success of the Health of Animals Branch in eradicating dourinfi is almost entirely due to the reliable tests made at the laboratory. The Agaseiz Laboratory has done good work in investigating many obscure problems relating to the health of livestock in British Columbia. The poisonous nature of common bracken has been demonstrated by experiment and a bulletin on the subject published. Bracken or fern in the hay has caused many deaths among farm horses. l^LEAT AND CANNED FOODS DIVISION MEAT AKD MEAT FOOD PRODUCTS The work of this division has been unusually heavy during the past year as the slaughterings of cattle, sheep and swine have shown an increase of nearly 48 per cent. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b This work was carried on by a depleted etafi and the thoroughness with which they performed their work is borne out by the statement of the British authorities •who placed on record their high opinion of the work of the Canadian meat inspection fitafF during the year past. The character of this work was further attested by the small number of complaints that were received, in fact the complaints were fewer in number than those which were expected as a matter of course in normal times. During the year^the usual examinations were held and twenty-two candidates who presented themselves were successful in obtaining the required number of marks. An amendment to the Act has been secured by which this division has been given control of imported food stuifs. This amendment completes in a measure the inten- tions of the Act, namely: that the consumers of meat and meat food products in Canada may have some assurance as to the wholesomeness of the raw materials used, the sanitary conditions under which they are prepared and the honesty of the labek placed thereon. In the past this was assured in so far as products manufactured in Canada were concerned, but no control was exercised over imports and great quantities of food were brought into Canada, of which the soundness, sanitary handling and labelling were open to serious question. Xew regulations will be drafted governing this trade and the work of this division will be developed in order properly to super- vise and control imported foods. Prosecutions were instituted for infractions of the law and in every case a convic- tion was secured. During the year one of the largest establishments in Canada, the Harris Abattoir, Limited, Toronto, was very seriously damaged by fire. The co-operation of our staff at the time of this fire assisted in the salvaging of thousands of pounds of good food which would otherwise have been destroyed. Immediately afterwards the plant was rebuilt and enlarged and today it is looked upon as one of the more modern of the packing establishments operating in Canada. A number of new establishments were placed under the operation of the Act during the past twelve months, but inspection was refused to others where the con- struction and sanitary equipment were not up to the standard required. The improvements made in the meat packing establishments in the course of the past year were greater perhaps than at any time since inspection was inaugurated. Tens of thousands of dollars were expended by the managements in bringing their establishments up to the modem requirements with the result that today there are operating in the Dominion of Canada meat packing plants that will compare favour- ably (except perhaps in size) with those that are to be found in any other country in the world. The spirit of co-operation between the managements and our inspectors, which has been so gratifying in the past, continues to exist. Following are the statistics which show in a complete form the work carried on during the year. These statistics are commented on in the order in which they appear in this report. For the year ending March 31, 1919, the following statistics are submitted : — A. Total slaughter: — Cattle 887,773— Increase over 1917-18, 148,666 head, or20129i. Sheep 399,961— ., ., 61,064 ., ., 1813%. Swine 2,333,354— ., ,. 203,672 ., ., 9-56%. 15b— 2.J DKI'AUTilKST OF AGlilCll.TVlU: 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 B. Tlie provinces show increases or decreases as follows: — Cattle Sheep Swine Head Percent Head Percent Head Percent +31,886 +55,057 +19,033 + 16,233 +23,675 + 2.247 + 545 9-52 31-25 18-05 92-50 29-81 10-25 158-43 +34,612 - 3,570 +18,186 + 1,215 + 13,436 93 59 21-75 3-84 127-50 27-18 62-19 0-89 0-52 - 2,697 + 43,181 +116,546 + 42,829 - 7,371 + 4,505 Alberta 2-47 13-27 New Brunswick . , . .■ + 12 0-37 - 2,663 14-42 + 6,679 C. The percentagre of slaug-hter for each province to the total for Canada: Ontario Quebec Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia. . . . Ne-w Brunswick . . . . Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island . Cattle Sheep Swine Per cent Per cent Per cent 41.33 48.68 53.66 26.04 22.46 14.23 14.02 S.15 13.48 3. SI 1.43 3.47 11.61 9.85 12.-50 2.72 2.61 1.65 .10 2.85 Slaughterings (Table B) Cattle. — All provinces show an increase in killing. Sheep. — Ontario and the three Prairie Provinces show a large increase, while Quebec, British Columbia and the Maritime Provinces show decreases. It is very satisfactory to have an increase in sheep killing. Canada could and should produce all the mutton consumed without importing. (Swine. — With the exception of Ontario and Alberta, where there are slight decreases, we have an increase in swine killing, but comparing same with last year's kill, it is not up to expectations and, considering the high prices paid, it should have been greater. Provincial Percentage to Total Kill (Table C) Ontario etiU holds the premier position as to having the largest killing of the provinces, but lost several points in cattle and swine this year, showing 41-33 per cent against 45-33 in cattle, and 53-66 per cent against 58-94 in swine, last year. Sheep increased about li per cent over last year. In Quebec we find a slight increase in cattle of 2i per cent, sheep a decrease of 5J per cent, and in swine a slight increase of less than 1 per cent. The three Prairie Provinces show an increase in all killings, with the exception of Manitoba in cattle and Alberta in swine, both of which show a slight decrease. British Columbia is about the same as last year. The Maritime Provinces show little change from last year, although the tendency in Prince Edward Island is an increase owing to improved facilities and additional killine: plants. IJEALTH OF A^MUALS ■ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b During the course of re-inspection the following meats were condemned: — Bruised.. .. Decomposed Dirty Sour Various. . . . 10,595 43,S59 149,161 1,644 54,410 390.113 1,032 163,215 177,745 - 4,0-26 142,960 2,2113 335 Total 727,614 8.915 Total amount condemned on reinspection 1,143,565 pounds. Customs statistics show that Canada imported and exported the following during the year: — Imports Exports Cattle (live) 7,242 311,496 Sheep " 12,440 120,131 Swine .- " * 3,07S 32.05-3 Beef .(lb.) 1,891,713 127,113.294 Mutton •• 5,92S,0S9 1.933.308' Pork " 15,899,237 160,032,547 Lard ■' «44,969 2,640,6oS Canned meats 531,403 14,140.717 Miscellaneous meats 1,229,527 6,183.554 Carcass Condemnations Cattle: — The percentage of animals condemned to total kill is about the same as last year, cattle being 1-07 both years; sheep, 0-12 against 0-13 last year; swine, 0-23 against 027 last year. In cattle the proportion condemned for tuberculosis is somewhat lower than last year, 5.3-85 pier cent against 58-42, while those for bruises, cripples, and imperfect bleeding are higher, 4-68 per cent against 3-22 per cent. Those condemned for emaciation are higher this year, 3-63 per cent against 1-80 per cent. Cyeticercus bovis are lower this year than last, 1-57 per cent against 2-64 per cent. Emaciation claims a percentage of 21-81 against 22-41 previous year. The proi)ortion of calves killed to total slaughter is 18- 41 per cent; last year, 14 09 per cent. Sheep: — There is nothing calling for comment in sheep condemnation. Swirte : — Tuberculosis again claims the highest condemnation in swine, 69 - 78 per cent against 75-25 per cent, due partly to more dairy by-products being pasteur- ized and also to a larger percentage of western hogs being killed where the disease is not so heavy as in the east. Cysticercus cellulosae accounted for 5-97 per cent against 5-81 per cent last year. Hog cholera is much higher this year, 204 carcasses, or 3-76 per cent, against only 6 carcasses last year. In comparison with last year our exports of live cattle are much higher, 311,496 against 191,356 last year, the number of head one-year-old or less being much less, they representing only 12-80 per cent of total exported, against 23-68 last year. The number of sheep exported was 120,131, against 134,705. The lambs represent a percentage of 78-27 per cent, against 84-65 per cent last year. Our exports of meats and lard were much higher than last year, while all meat and lard imports are considerably less than last year. Canada Denmark Ireland 1.630.966 2.084,786 1.416.490 1.564.2+6 ?,215.850 1.181,285 2,255.479 2.654.041 1.266.620 2,616,461 1.960.966 1,376.063 2.313.389 1.534.011 1.277.900 2,0S6.'009 •1.000. 000 967.475 2.259,736 •633,000 730,177 22 DEPARTMEXT OF AORICCLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The following is a comparisou between the bog killing of Canada, Denmark, and Ireland for the calendar years 1912-1918: — 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 •Estimated. The following summary shows the result of post-mortem inspections of cattle, sheep, and swine from April 1, 1918, to ilarch 31, 1919 : — Cattle marked "Canada Approved" 878,198 Carcases o£ cattle "Condemned" 9,B7u Percentage of cattle "Condemned" 1.07 Portions of cattle "Condemned" 2€4,578 Sheep marked "Canada Approved" .' . . .. 399.479 Carcases of sheep "Condemned". 482 Percentage of sheep "Condemned" 0.12 Portions of sheep "Condemned" 108,478 Swine marked "Canada Approved" 2.327,929 Oarcases of swine "Condemned" 5,435 Percentage of swine "Condemned" 0.23 Portions of swine "Condemned" 1.000,681 Total number of carcases "Passed" 3,605.606 Total number of carcases "Condemned" 15,482 Percentage of carcases "Condemned" 0.4^ Total number of portions ""Condomned" 1.373,737 In addition to the animals slatightered at inspected establishments, the following amounts of dressed and cured meats and lard, etc., were received during the fiscal year from foreign countries :■ — Beef (lb.) 1.942.239 Mutton ■• " 3.328,857 Pork " 11.862.585 Lard.. " 201,153 HEALTH OF ASIUALS 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b 1 3 1 1 ' ►J Ci ^'s ■l o .-*t^ CO e^ CO MO CO — .ca " 00 b* IT*'* § is - eg'-* 1 |s; O ON o ^o ro MCO -'I S o ^r^"r — . J3 ss J -* |a i^i 2?3? 1 s i -.o ■^ — 20^fo 3 ■^ Tj* ^ ■^ "* ^"^ ►J 52 o ■■s 40, 739 41,393 12,3.57 14 5,218 109,. 141 301 2,893 &;; '^cn t^ s •^ "^ : i 1 »co ". 2 00 b» S |.~. -.*• 55SS| *"* Q 3 1 < > a c < J < 1 < I E c -< .1 > o J d = S o = .1 c c ^0 g s i > s = 1 s 1 0) s > E 4) 1 0 > t .5 1 c 1 1 ■E .2 1 s 1 c 1 2 Z 1 J5 ^ J 1 O £ 1 .a £ 1 o ci £ c i 8 DEPARTMEST OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 C-i S c ?-2 HEALTH OF AXIMALS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. EVAPORATED AND CONDENSED MILK In June of this year by Order iu Council new standards of quality were adopted for fruits, vegetables and evaporated apples. These standards were the result of information that had been gathered and practical canning tests that had been madf during the past number of years. It had been felt that the consumers had no means whatever of forming an opinion as to' the contents of a package by a study of the label that was placed thereon. Neither did there appear to be any protection for the manufacturer who was packing a really high grade article as these products were placed in hermetically sealed containers. As the result of an examination of a number of samples it is safe to say that the poorest quality found was invariably labelled with the most expensive labels and the statements appearing on these labels were entirely contrary to the facts. The standards as promulgated were very carefully considered. They were submitted to the manufacturers a year previous to their becoming law and an inspector of the department went from place to place throughout the coimtry and actually packed in the difFerent canneries their various canned products in accordance with the requirements of these standards, thus demonstrating beyond question that the standards were practical and that any manufacturer could, if he wished, grade his products in such a manner that a statement could be placed upon the tin which would afford the purchaser a reasonably accurate knowledge of the contents. This procedure was a step in advance of that followed by manufacturers and canners of any other country in the world and has received the strong commendation of those engaged in this trade in other countries, so much so that the California Canners, the largest organization in existence, have adopted our nomenclature. On the strength of these standards of quality and our supervision and inspection Canada was able to sell to the Allies over a million pounds of evaporated apples at a higher price than was paid for the best quality of a similar product purchased in the United States. This is indeed gratifying in view of the fact that the Dominion had lost entirely her export trade in evaporated apples, except with the United States, owing to the manner in which this product had been forwarded in past years to South Africa and continental Europe. On account of wages being high and tin and raw materials costing decidedly more than in previous years, the pack of canned fruits and vegetables was somewhat restricted, which tended to further increase the already high price of these products. It is to be hoped that with a retiirn to normal conditions and an increase in production this class of foods will soon be reduced in cost. With the supervision now being exercised over these products and the wonderful improvement in the sanitary conditions surrounding their manufacture, the increase in the consumption of canned fruits and vegetables should be such as would make this one of the greatest industries of the Dominion. Situated as we are, with such favourable conditions for the production of fruits and vegetables, their economical handling by modern canners should result in the placing on the market of a necessary food at a price that could be taken full advantage of by all classes. The season for evaporated apples was somewhat short and the quantity manu- factured rather below normal, yet our ability to sell to the Allied Purchasing Commission the quantity above mentioned placed the Canadian market in a very favourable condition and the demand was keen. The rigid enforcement of the law regarding moisture has removed one of the gi-eatest difficulties in regard to the keeping qualities of this product. With the new standards of quality, which will be just as rigidly enforced, w-e are looking forward to a greater development in this particular trade. 26 DEPAKTMEXT OF AORICDLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 During the year, at the request of the Allied Purchasing Commission, we continued not only the supervision of the establishments engaged in the preparation of evanorated and condensed milk but assumed the responsibility of checking up the weight and quality of this product, with the result that we were able to find a ready export market for all that Canada could produce and it is safe to say that we would not have been able to obtain and hold this market if it had not been for the supervision and control given us under the Act. Little trouble was experienced in maintaining satisfactory sanitary conditions in the different establishments. The majority of plants are clean and little fault can be found with them. There are, however, some and probably there will always be a few that require close supervision and watching to keep them up to the mark. This is not so much due to unwillingness on the part of the manufacturer to obey the law, but rather to carelessness and the lack of knowledge of what constitutes cleanliness. 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b A. 1921 REPORT VETERINARY DIRECTOR GENERAL YEAR EXDIXG iL\RCH 31, 1920 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES DIVISION The high standard of health of Canadian live stock has been maintained throughout the year. No extensive visitation of contagious disease has occurred and further progress has been made in the control of those diseases, such as glanders, hog cholera, and cattle mange which still persist to a limited extent in some parts of this vast country. These diseases are separately reported upon in the following pages. A further reduction in the number of eases in comparison with last year, and the limitation of the disease to two provinces only are satisfactory features of the situation. All the outbreaks have been efficiently dealt with and the disease eradi- cated. DEPARTUEyr OF AGRICOLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Uemarks 111 CS eS ci 5? = " 1 < Electoral district in which glanders was detected IS a to i i •32 is ■Si 02 00 Compensation paid % cts. 0 i 0 Valued at $ cts. s 0 0 s s us 0 •a J 0 S s s Horses, mules and asses tested and found healthy ■* =c 0 0 QC Ca i S t^ 1 g *> ■J c X d > 0 Z. 1 c g a 1 i 1 0 C t 0 1 s < s 1 s ".5 £ = 0 0 'C S3 i s HEALTH OF A\IiIALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b 7 » s OS o CO t^ i r* 2 ijl! s 3 ■O 5 CO OS CO s -* •OS ^"-^"oo" 1 1 s s o 3 T*1 i 2 « -ss-s- 1 1 ill o O *T S2S? i 2 i! lO Oi « " 3 OS Stj* OS ■^~ o ^55/ i i>-t^i>- i §§8" -'' OS g8S3S li 00 t^ w i pi 1 i 5 c 1 c C 1 1 30 DEPARTMKyr OF AGRICVLTVfiK 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 HOG CHOLERA Work tlviiinf: the year followed tlie lines previously adopted, namely, licensing of all premises where collected garbage is fed to hogs, frequent inspection of these premises and herds of hogs thereon, enforced cooking of garbage before feeding it to hogrs. prompt notification when disease is suspected, and rigorous eradication of hoe cholera wherever found. This is followed by disinfection of premises and a period of three months quarantine during which no fresh hogs are allowed upon the premises. , Experience shows that nearly all hog cholera in Canada originates on premises where garbage is fed to hogs. Cooking is an effectual safeguard when properly done, but many men are careless and indifferent, the cost of fuel is an item to avoid, and consequently the cooking is often insufBcient and frequently neglected altogether. The carelessness of the individual may then be followed by an outbreak of hog cholera and involve his neighbours' pigs as well as his own. Such neglect cannot be passed over without putting a premium on carelessness, and placing the man who is honestly trying to carry out the rules laid down in the regulations at a disadvantage as compared with the happy-go-lucky man who only half cooks his garbage or cooks it not at all. The department has therefore felt it necessary to prosecute many cases of this kind and has secured a large number of convictions. These should have the effect of impressing upon garbage feeders the necessity of carrying out the regula- tions as regards the cooking of garbage, and thus eventually reduce our annual losses from this disease. As garbage feeding is followed in the proximity of all large towns and cities in Canada it may be expected that outbreaks may occur in any province at any time. That such is the case is shown in the following table: — HEALTH OF AMMALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b > •% 1 , 102 00 40 00 45 00 38 00 g No. of hogs slaughtered for examination ;«««« : S Is — > . > c = 2' gSSHfe 1 rrcmi.scs (luarantincd on su.spi(:ion ^S*S2 c E 5 i OS 1 Igooooo II ~s II "i'lss§ s 2£ — > "o'o . > o c 2;- - W -v =^l i ■^1 "^ ^ s ~ "^ ^ g g 0 .2 1 CO o 2: ,c c c e! X 0 c 0 5 a J* 1 i 5 .2 a "S o n 5 ^ DEPAltlMEXT OF AGKICLLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1021 HOG CHOLERA OUTBREAKS BY PROVINCES Province Electoral District No. of outbreaks Hogs destroyed Halifax 2 32 4 6 3 3 2 2 32 334 Essex, South 36 York, South 118 York, West i 47 Toronto, West 18 WeUand 20 37 3 18 227 35 79 9 Selkirk S 8 12 202 43 Alberta 103 55 Calgary, East Cariboo Vancouver, South 98 5 58 26 Nanaimo 14 There is every reason to believe that this disease is now entirely eradicated in Canada. Blood testing -was continued during the year and included all stallions in the district where the disease was formerly prevalent and also the horses and mares in the Blood Indian reserve — not a single reactor was found, but a few mares whose tests were not absolutely satisfactory were slaughtered as a precautionary measure. Two animals were handed over to the Research Laboratory, both having given questionable reaction : Value, $105 ; compensation, $70. Fifty-one animals were quarantined on suspicion, distributed as follows: — District Provin6e Suspects and Quarantined Destroyed North Battloford Saskatchewan -■Uberta 43 2 1 1 3 1 Regina 1 1 51 2 In preparation for a determined effort to stamp out cattle mange in the mange area of Alberta during the summer of 1920, several meetings were held in Calgary at which the ranchers and farmers of the area met with officials of the Department of Agriculture. After a -full discussion of the situation, the stockmen pledged their hearty co-operation in the effort to be made and plans were outlined for carrying out the work. HEALTH OF AyiMALS 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b Following this the whole area was sub-divided into dipping districts. A meeting was held in each district at which one of the veterinary inspectors of this branch was present and after free and full discussion an organization was created. Eesulting from this work, every dipping district was equipped with a staff whose members were selected by the farmers themselves, to look after the construction of the dipping vat if a new one was needed, the repairing of existing vats, the preparation of the dipping mixture and maintaining it at the proper temperature and strength, the bringing of the cattle to the dipping vats, their subsequent isolation from undipped cattle, the reporting of owners neglecting to bring cattle to the dip, and the keeping of records of the number of cattle put through the dip. The department made a grant of $400 towards the construction of new vats provided the location was approved and the vat constructed in accordance with the standard plan. With these careful preparations it is hoped as soon as favourable weather permits, to dip twice all the cattle in the mange area, and following this, if the dipping has been succesfully carried out, to remove the restrictions now in force in this district, abolishing the mange area. CATTLE MANGE Animals Animals Province Outbreaks Affected Quarantined Manitoba .... .... 127 Saskatchewan 26 284 13,548 Alberta 284 2.079 107,526 British Columbia 2 3 122 Total 312 2,366 121,323 One hundred and ninety-eight thousand seven hundred and twenty cattle and 3,313 calves were inspected on being presented for shipment from the quarantined area in Alberta and Saskatchewan and 173,508 cattle were inspected on arrival in Winnipeg. HORSE MANGE Animals Animals Province Outbreaks Affected Quarantined Ontario 1 8 6 Manitoba 13 37 98 Saskatchewan 4 S 3S Total IS 48 142 Five thousand four hundred and fifteen horses and eight mules were inspected on being presented for shipment from the quarantined area in Alberta and Saskatche- wan. SHEEP SCAB A limited amount of this disease was found to exist in the provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan and eradicated by dipping. The origin of these outbreaks has not been definitely ascertained, but as the disease in not knowil to exist elsewhere in Canada and the outbreaks occurred in the Southern part of the provinces named and not far from the International boundary there is some reason for believing that it may have been introduced by smuggling in sheep from the United States. Animals Animals Province Outbreaks Affected Quarantined Manitoba 4 407 1.421 Saskatchewan 2 268 56: Total 6 675 1.989 Uh—P, 34 DEPARTMEM' OF AdRlCL'tTVIiE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 AXTIlltAX No outbreaks were dealt witli during the year. 277 animals were quarantined on suspicion. Animals Province Quarantined Quebec 179 Ontario 33 Alberta 65 Total 277 ULCERATIVE LYMPHANGITIS (Preiss-Nocard disease) The return of horses to Canada from France following the armistice was strongly opposed by this branch, as it was considered highly probable that they might introduce diseases unknown in Canada. Importation was therefore limited to a small number of officers chargers to the number of 105. These were landed in Montreal and placed in strict quarantine for a period of six months, and submitted to frequent inspection by our veterinary experts and the usual mallein test. Shortly after the horses went into quarantine one was noticed to be sufForiiig from slight swelling of the right hind leg and the appearance of a small inflamed area. He was promptly removed from the stable containing the other horses and placed in one corner of a large building and strictly isolated. This building also contained four other horses suspected of mange and these were tied at intervals of about 25 feet down the side of the saflne building in which the first suspect was placed. Conditions were such that each horse in this building could not possibly touch its neighbouring horse, and separate stable utensils were used for each. The building was a large one having formed part of the Remount depot and could hold about 200 horses. The inflamed area on the leg of the first horse rapidly developed into an ulcer and was strongly suggestive of ulcerative lymphangitis, a highly communicable disease which gave much trouble among army horses in France. The return of Capt. E. A. Watson at this time gave the opportunity of using the skill and experience of an officer who had seen much of the disease, and a positive diagnosis was reached, not only from the characteristic features of the ease, but by the application of a specific laboratory test to the blood. The horse was destroyed and all possible precautions taken in the way of disinfection to prevent dissemination of the disease. The second case occurred in the horse tied next to the one destroyed, although there was no reason to believe that the.y had ever been in contact either directly or indirectly. As soon as a positive diagnosis was reached this horse was destroyed and disinfection of the building repeated. A third case developed a month later and this was the third animal in the roiw from the one in the corner. This was followed by the fourth some time later. The disease had now passed down the row, taking one horse after another in regular succession, until only one remained. As the large building was now very cold for a single horse it was removed to a box stall in a third building. It appeared quite healthy, but strict isolation was main- tained. About this time the blood test previously referred to was applied to the horses in the first barn, none of which reacted. The animal in isolation however gave a strong positive reaction. As the period of quarantine was now nearing its close, it was decided to kill her without waiting for symptoms to develop. The period of quarantine for the other horses was completed without any further cases developing. Blood tests revealed no cause for suspicion and they were released to their owners. HEALTH OF AyiMALS 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b Confirmation of the nature of the disease was obtained by the isolation of the Preiss Xocard bacillus in pure culture and its maintenance in the laboratory. TL'BERCULOSLS The accredited herd plan now in successful operation for over two years in the United States was put in operation in Canada by Order in Council dated September 20, 1919, and the following regulations put into effect: — Regulations of the Establishment and Maintenance of Tuberokdosis-Free Accredited Herds of Cattle 1. A tuberculosis-free accredited pure-bred herd is one which has been tuberculin tested by the subcutaneous method, or any other test approved by the Veterinary Director General, and applied by the regularly employed veterinary inspectors of the Health of Animals Branch of the Federal Depart- ment of Agriculture. Further, it shall be a herd in which no animal affected with tuberculosis has been found upon two annual or three semi-annual tuber- culin tests, as above described, and by physical examination. 2. The entire herd, or any cattle in the herd, shall be tuberculin tested or retested at such time as is considered necessary by the "Veterinary Director General. 3. No cattle shall be presented to the tuberculin test which have been injected with tuberculin within 60 days immediately preceding or which have at any time reacted to a tuberculin test. 4. No herd shall be classed as an accredited herd in which tuberculosis has been found by the application of the test, as referred to in paragraph 1, until such herd has been successfully subjected to two consecutive tests with tuber- culin, applied at intervals of not less than six months, the first interval dating from the time of removal of the tuberculous animals from the herd. 5. Prior to each tuberculin test satisfactory evidence of the identity of the registered animal shall be presented to the inspector. Any grade cattle main- tained in the herd, or associated with animals of the herd, shall be identified by a tag or other markings satisfactory to the Veterinary Director General. 6. All removals of registered cattle from the herd, either by sale, death or slaughter, shall be reported promptly to the" said Veterinary Director General, giving the identification of the animals, and, if so, the name and address of the person to whom transferred. If the transfer is made from the accredited herd to another accredited herd, the shipment shall be made only in properly cleaned and disinfected cars. No cattle shaU be allowed to associate with the herd which have not passed a tuberculin test approved by the Veterinary Director General. 7. All milk and other dairy products fed to calves shall be that produced by an accredited herd, or, if from outside or unknown sources, it shall be pasteurized by heating to not less than 150°F. for not less than 20 minutes. 8. All reasonable sanitary measures and other recommendations by the Federal authorities for the control of tuberculosis shall be complied with. 9. Cattle from an accredited herd may be shipi)ed to the United States accompanied by the certificate of the Veterinary Director General, without further tuberculin test for a period of one year, subject to the rules and regula- tions of the State of destination. 15b— 4 36 DEPARTMEXT OF AORWVLTURE 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 10. Strict compliance with these methods ^nd rules shall entitle the owner of tuberculosis-free herds to a certificate, " Tuberculosis-Free Accredited Herd," to be issued by the Veterinary Director General. Said certificate shall be good for one year from date of test unless revoked at aai earlier date. 11. Failure on the part of owners to comply with the letter or spirit of these methods and rules shall be considered suificient cause for immediate cancella- , tion of co-operation with them by the Federal officials. 12. Whenever in carrying out this order it is necessary to slaughter an animal or animals for the eradication of tuberculosis from a herd, the animal or animals shall be valued and compensation awarded as provided in Sections 6 and 7 of the Animal Contagious Diseases Act. The announcement of these regulations was immediately followed by applications from many breeders to have their herds submitted to the test, and the figures in the accompanying table will show the extent to which this work has already grown. MUNICIPAL TESTING No new municipalities were taken on during the year, but all those already on out list continue to enjoy the advantages of a milk supply from tuberculin tested cows. IMPRO\-EMENTS IN TESTING Until recently, a subcutaneous or thermal tuberculin test has been the only one receiving general recognition, further experience with other tests, notably the intrader- mal, is strengthening the claims of its advocates as being of equal value. In some of the United States this test has been official for some time and it has certain inherent advantages which render it attractive to those in control work. It relieves the inspector of the drudgery of prolonged observation of temperature, it economizes the time of inspectors, and it is not readily interfered with by accidental or intentional influences. It can also be applied frequently to the same animal without producing immunity to tuberculia. Tuberculin testing has been going on in many, herds for several years, and with the repeated injection of tuberculin in the same animals, there is grave danger of producing a condition where tuberculin will give no reaction in a diseased animal when used in the subcutaneous test. The intradermal method wiU cause a reaction in most of such animals and is therefore of great value in testing herds where tuberculin has frequently been injected. A third test, the opthaknic, is also receiving much attention and although not yet given the confidence of either of the other tests, is undoubtedly of value. Combinations of two or three of these tests are now frequently used with advan- tage revealing cases of tuberculosis which a single test would have failed to pick out. The branch is making use of all these methods of testing from time to time with a view to attaining the highest possible efficiency in the detection of latent or obsciire cases of tuberculosis, which if left in a herd in process of cleaning up for accreditation would sooner or later become 'spreaders' and disseminate the disease. HEALTH OF ANIMALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b 1 172 animals slaughtered. 33 being prepared for block. IS under Bang system. 1 returned to previous owner. 90 herds under accreditation involving 3,791 cattle. >> "S C5 00 fc CI 1 Number found suspicious "^ '"' t^ OS 53 > s 12 6 ? OS t>. CO 1 1 s S o o sl B 1 o s 1 i fc ''l^ ■3 1 -< J 1 6. II ■- ? is ft § i| O 1 15b— 4* 38 DEPARTMEST OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 HEALTB OF AyiMALS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b PATHOLOGIOAIL DIVIiSION This division continues to supply the tuberculin, mallein and other biological agents required in the work of the branch, also manufacturing and distributing at the cost of production large amounts of blackleg vaccine for farmers to use in the protection of their herds. It also renders most valuable service in the diagnosis of disease from specimens sent to the laboratories. Research work is constantly being carried on in regard to diseases of animals, such problems as swamp fever of horses, contagious abortion, parasites of sheep and horses, receiving special attention. From time to time, as results are obtained, bulletins on these subjects will continue to be issued. Fur farming is now receiving the attention it claims and the problems of the fox breeders are undergoing study with a view to preventing as far as possible the losses sustained by the industry from parasites and disease. The Dominion Research Council is co-operating with the branch in this work and through a subcommittee is super- vising some experiments on the nutrition of foxes. These experiments, in charge of a biochemist of established reputation, will be carried out at the Research Station Hull as soon as the necessary pens for the foxes can be erected: Some of the fox breeders of Prince Edward Island have kindly ofiered to lend the department the foxes needed for the work, thus saving the expense of purchasing the animals. Experiments in nutrition must of necessity extend over a considerable period of time so that imme- diate results cannot be expected. Investigation of the diseases and parasites of foxes in domestication will be carried on simultaneously by a pathologist of this division located in Prince Edward Island. The following figures indicate the great increase in the work of preparing and disbursing biological products as compared with the two previous years. Tuberculin (Subcutaneous). Opthalmic . . Intradermal. . Total Mallein Blackleg vaccine Anti-abortion vacoint'.. .. 1917-lS Doses 28,076 " "200 1918-19 Doses 23,454 1919-20 Dpses , 30,06K) 15,840 1,250 28,276 23,454 47,15* 20,35i0' 249,910 10,8*0 1S2.3T4 1.042 15.719 99,610 1.931; IMPORT INSPECTIONS FROM UNITED STATES AND NEWFOUNDLAND. Port Horses Mules Cattle Sheep Swine Cjoats Svdnev, N.S 23 57 20 43 7 48 7 72 9 3 9 4 2 22 8 I 1 I 2 2 2 98 11 n 3 14 2 23 37' St. John, N.B St. Stephen, N.B McAdam Jet., N.B. 2 3 4 Debec Jet., N.B Centreville, N.B GrandFalls, N.B St. Leonards, N.B Edmundston, N.B i 3 2 Florenceville, N.B N.B. General Quebec, Que Comins Mills. P.Q 14 10 DEPARTilEXT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 IMPORT IXiiPECTION'S FROM UNITED STATES AXD NEWFOUN'DLAXD-Conc/uded. Port Horses Hales Cattle Sheep Swine Goats 97 531 3 34 223 21 7 36 126 5 12 20 75 35 1 5 3 11 46 3 21 8 1 522 161 240 192 49 21 105 2,420 196 81 340 26 1,931 384 709 447 554 7 111 2,766 309 131 769 22 1 Coaticook, P.Q BeebeJct.,P.Q i 20 8 5 High water, P.Q St. Armand, P.Q 2 2 6 6 4 4 iVoyan Jet., P.Q .^.thelstan. P.Q Dundee, P.Q St. Agnes de Dundee, Que 2 1 113 2 Quebec General 3" 4 5 8 1 55 6 10 4 2' 90 4 3' 44' ii" 6 17 45' 4 2 22 40 14 96 74 16 19 17 381 111 23 152 3 2,586 33 42 5,194 67 6 9 2,367 1,399 22 271 63 2 197 100 256 44 3 25 192 9 43 17 2 i 3 5 5 .\l80 2 camel. .\lso 1 deer. .Mso 1 buffalo and Sault Ste. Marie Ont . 2 elk. 3,376 6 5 44 2 Also 1 jackass and 2 ponies. . 1 Xorth Portal, Sask 27 52 325 3,136 24,576 7.109 20 6 Also 294 elk and 2 donkeys. 5.436 294 9 2 Xelson, B.C 13 92 12 3 39 62 192 98 4 529 296 102 20 21 134 81 Grand Forks B C Midway B C i' 3' 4' 23 16 627 103 542 29 1,121 27' 13 81 Osoyoos, B.C 2,813 New Westminster, B.C White Rock B.C 235 1,270 2 1 6 Victoria, B.C White Horse Y T Fortv Mile Y T Total 15.778 373 16,493 48,993 198 66 flEALTH OF ANIMALS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b IMPORT INSPECTIONS FROM EUROPE AND ELSEWHERE THAN UNITED STATES AND NEWFOUNDLAND. Entered at Yarmouth, N.S St, John, X.B St. Stephen, N.B McAdam Junction, N,B. . . Debec Jot.. N.B Woodstock, N.B Centreville, N.B Aroostook Jet., N.B Grand Falls, N.B St, Leonards, N.B Edraundston, N.B Florenceville, N.B Comins Mills, Que Lake Megantic, Que Beauceville, Que Coaticook, Que Beebe Jet., Que Sherbrooke, Que Highwater, Que -, Abercorn, Que St, Armand, Que Lacolle Jet,, Que Noyan Jet., Que St. Johns. Que Athelstan. Que Dundee, Que St Agnes de Dundee, Que. Trout River, Que Cornwall, Ont Prescott, Ont Morrisburg, Ont Broek\nlle, Ont Kingston, Ont Toronto, Ont Niagara Falls, Ont IMPORT TESTING — GLANDERS. brought forward. Bridgeburg, Ont.. .. Windsor, Ont Sarnia, Ont Sault Ste, Marie, Ont. . Rainy River, Ont, . . , Fort Frances, Ont , v ■ Emerson, IMan Gretna. Man Snowflake, Man Bannerman, Man.. ,, Sprague, Man Nortli Portal, Sask . . . Northgate, Sask.. ., Big Muddy, Sask, , , . Willow Creek, Sask, . West Poplar, Sask. . , Pinh( iin, Alta Coutts, Alta Twin Lakes, Alta. . . . Newgate, B.C ;.c. Nelson, B,C Rossland, B,C. . . . Grand Forks, B.C. Midway, B.C., ,, r,,i] 128 635 257 125 447 344 1 n ,098 179 123 Fonvard. Bridesville, B.C. . Keremeos, B,C , , Osoyoos, B,C, , , . Huntingdon, B.C. , , New Westminster. White Rock, B.C. Vancouver, B.C . . Victoria, B.C. . . . Cascade, B,C, . . . Total 5,034 PURE-BRED IMPORTS. Breed — Rplf^ian Clydesdale . . . . Shetland . . , , Percheron . . . . !=hoM->nri Standardbred . . Suffolk , Thoroughbred, . Trottingbred , , 42 DEPARTMENT OF AORIGVLTVRE FUREJ-BR'EID IMPORTS— Concluded. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Breed — Aberdeen Angrus Durham Guernsey Herefoi d Holstein Jersey Polled Angtis. . Shorthorn . . . . Ayrshire Breed — Corriedale. . . . Dorset Hampshire. . . Leicester. . . . Lincoln .... Oxford Romney Marsh Shropshire. . . Southdown . . . Suffolk 33 143 243 Breed — ■ Berkshire . . . . Chester White. Poland China . , Yorkshire. . . . O.G.C Duroc Jersi y . . United States 27 ANIMALS INSPECTED FOR EXPORT Port Charlottetown to Newfoundland . . . . Sydney to Newfoundland Sydney to St. Pierre Halifax to St. Pierre Halifax to Bermuda St. John to Bermuda St. John to Europe Montreal to Europe Montreal to Europe (via Boston).. .. Montreal to Great Britain Toronto to United States Toronto to Europe General Inspection Ontario to United States Winnipeg to United States North Portal to United States.. .. General Inspection Saskatchewan to United States General Inspection British Colum-bia General Inspection British Columbia to I'niliHl States Total 119 50 7 180 2,473 ISO fi4,741 Sheep 1,5«2 1.647 ff.llS Swine 39S HEALTH OF AyiifALS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b EXPORT ANIMALS REJECTED AT THE FOLLOWING PORTS. Port Horses Cattle Sydney 2 6 Montreal 14 Total , 2 20 MEAT AND CAXXED FOODS DIVISIOX MEAT AND ME.\T FOOD PRODUCTS The slaughter for this year showed a slight increase over that of previous years, particularly in the case of sheep, which was 51 per cent greater than during the preceding twelve months. The killing of cattle increased almost 9 per cent but there was a decrease in hogs of almost 7 per cent. Owing to the return of a large number of veterinarians from the front, it was possible to secure a number of inspectors who had been previously in the employment of this division, and in a slight measure this relieved the extreme pressure under which the staff had been labouring for the past five years In co-operation with the Dairy Branch a number of prosecutions were instituted for infractions of the oleomargarine law and convictions were secured. Two new oleomargarine plants started operation since the last annual report was made. Owing, however, to the rigid enforcement of the requirements of the law and to an apparent lack of knowledge on the part of the manufacturers, these establish- ments soon ceased work. During the year the packing plant at Chatham re-opened under new manage- ment. Extensive additions, changes and general overhauling took place in the establish- ments under inspection during the course of the year and the managements of these plants are to be commended on the manner in which they have carried out these requirements, particularly in view of the extremely high cost of material and labour. A number of plants have adopted towards their employees a commendable atti- tude and one quite different to that assumed by some establishments in years gone by. They have instituted cafeterias in which the employees are furnished with meals at cost, rest rooms and reading rooms are supplied, halls are provided for different forms of entertainment and quite modern, though small, hospitals are main- tained. This has tended to create a much better feeling and understanding between employer and employee and this naturally results in increased efficiency. Complete and detailed statistics covering the work of the Meat Inspection Division are attached. A. Total slaughter : — Cattle 965,394— Increase over 1918-19 of 77,621 head or SS6 percent: Sheep 601,170— Increase over 19I8-19of 203, 209 head or5106 Swine 2,171,650— Decrease under 1918-19 of 161, 704 head or 6-93 B. The provinces show increases or decreases as follows; — Cattle Sheep Swine Head ] % Head % Head % + 2,161 -1-44,636 + 3,522 +11,511 +15,960 + 1.741 - 523 0-58 19-30 2-83 3407 15-48 7-20 58-84 +110,869 + 57,384 + 10,371 931 + 17,296 + 8,293 - 4,040 57-23 64-20 31-95 16-37 44-14 79-77 35-57 +122,507 - 9,037 -125,346 - 23,613 -125,091 - 2,064 9-78 2-72 39-86 29-17 Alberta 42-89 5-36 New Brunswick - 1.387 42-62 + 3,967 25-11 + 940 ■?.QS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICOLTORE 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 C. The percentage of slaughter for each province to the total for Canada : — — Cattle Sheep Swine 38-24 2858 13-25 4-69 12-33 2-68 004 % 50-66 24-42 7-12 0-79 9-39 3-11 1-22 % 63-30 14-87 8-72 2-64 \lberta 7-67 1-67 6-i9 3-29 1-13 Slaughterings (Table B) Cattle. — The only provinces which do not show an increase are New Brutiswick and Prince Edward Island, the relative increases being much below - those of last year, especially Ontario, which was 9-52 per cent last period against 0-58 per cent this year; Saskatchewan last period 92-50 per cent, against 34-97 per cent this year. New Brunswick shows a decrease of 58-84 per cent, against an increase of 158-43 last year, and Prince Edward Island a decrease this year of 42-62 per cent, against 0-37 per cent last year. Sheep. — With the exception of Saskatchewan and New Brunswick, aU provinces show a decided increase both actual and relative, more especially Ontario, where the relative increase was 57-23 per cent. Canada must still produce more mutton before we can stop importing. Swine. — As was expected large decreases occurred, except in Ontario, where the relative increase was 9-78 per cent, aTid Prince Edward Island, where the relative increase was 3-98 per cent. This decrease in hog production is serious and may adversely affect our good standing on the English market because that market must have a steady supply. Our Wiltshire are equal to the best of the imported bacon on the English market and the supply should be kept up. With reference to the percentage of slaughter for each province to the total kill for all Ca-aada (Table C), while Ontario still holds the lead as the largest killing province it is falling oS in cattle, this year's percentage of 38-24 is lower than last year's, which was 41-33 per cent, and 45-33 per cent the previous year. In sheep Ontario improved her position, the percentage being 2 per cent higher than last year. The increased percentage in hogs is more -noticeable this year, being 63-30 per cent against 53-66 per cent last year. The provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta reduced their killing percentage from 13-48 per cent, 3-47 per cent, and 12-50 per cent respectively last year to 8-72 per cent, 2-64 per cent, aad 7-67 per cent respectively this year. During the course of reinspection the following meats were condemned: — _ Cattle Sheep Swine Poultrj- lbs. 77.144 129.264 434.946 113.708 3,039 lbs. 237 5,831 2,940 3.728 lbs. SO, 644 69,872 208,737 204,214 21.422 Ibs. 63 Total 758,101 12,736 584,889 63 Total amount condemned on reinspection 1,355,789 pounds. HEALTH OF AMilALS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b Carcase Condemnations The percentage of cattle condemned to total kill is somewhat higher than last year, being 1-28 per cent against 1-07 per cent last year. Sheep condemnations are 0-20 per cent against 0-12 per cent last year, and swine 0-23 per cent the same as last year. In cattle we find as usual, that tuberculosis takes the highest toll in condemna- tions, although this year's total is much below last year's 39-42 per cent against 53-85 per cent. Immaturity in calves accounted for 4,313 which is 34-96 per cent of carcases con- demned and much higher than last year, which was 21-18 per cent. Emaciation claims 7-28 per cent against 3-63 per cent last year. The greater part of these cattle were starved owing to blizzards in the western provinces. The same cause accounts for the large number of sheep condemned for emaciation. The other condemnations are about the same or a little lower than last year. Tuberculosis in swine is a shade lower than last year by 69-55 per cent against 69-78 per cent. This disease in swine could be wiped out or •nearly so, if we had compulsory pasteurization of milk and its by-products, used for the feeding of swine. All other condemnations in swine are about the same as last year. It is interesting to note the large number of cattle exported this year compared with last year, 515,000 against 311,000 last year. Of this total 84,000 were one year and under, American cattle prices being milch higher than Canadian, while in hogs the reverse held good. The following is a comparison between the hog killings of Canada, Denmark and Ireland for calendar .years 1912 to 1919 : — Canada Denmark Ireland 1912 1,650,966 2,'0'84,7S6 l,41i6.490 1913 1,564,246 2,215,850 1,181, 28ij\ 1914 2,255,479 2.654,041 l,266,62iO' 1915 2,616,461 1,960,965 1,376,063 1916 2,313,389 1,534,011 1,277,900 1917. . 2,086.009 1,000,000 967,475 1918 2,259,736 •63'8.000 730,177 1919 2,3-32,387 •650,0«0 878.465 * Estimated. The following summary shows the result of post mortem inspections of cattla sheep and swine, from April 1, 1919, to March 31, 1920: — Cattle marked "Canada Approved" 9^3,058 Carcases of cattle "Condemned" 12,336 Percentage of cattle "Condemned" • . . -. 1.28% Portions of cattle "Condemned" 250,051 Sheep marked "Canada Approved" 59'9,9'86 Carcases of sheep "Condemned" 1,184 Portions of sheep "Condemned" 150,821 Percentage of sheep "Condemned". . . 0.20% Swine marked "Canada Approved" 2.166,592 Carcases of swine "Condemned" 5,058 Percentage of swine "Condemned" 0.23% Portions of swine "Condemned". . '^54.959 Total number of carcases "Passed" 3,719,636 Total number of carcases "Condemned" 18.578 Percentage of carcases "Condemned" 0.50% Total number of portions "Condemned" 1,355,831 In addition to the animals slaughtered at inspected establishments, the following amounts of dressed and cured meats and lard, etc., were received during the fiscal year from foreign countries : — Beef (lb.) 3,211,554 Mutton " 2,191,572 Pork " 55,745t805 I.prd 5.176.538 46 DEPARTMEyT OF AQRWVLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 & 3 & i 6 s" 1 5,8,S7 2,929 9,190 512 echoes ocsci" K ■»»• ^ 1 1^ S s S| 00 IN 2 ^s S «0 ;^ t^ca S°°^ -S"Ss-'" a .a ?3 §1 1 i"*S""s^s "fe i oo o ' Cl — — ~ ~ -g-"- -.es — — --. u:; -^ o o <<*• (2 5 42,104 .39,912 15.6.54 04 2,711 89,090 355 2. 144 2,073 SS ^ S5 ? i or^ ^ IS 2 §::- (N 2SI*==: S|- s sssgs I 1 1 1 J \ \ t < ' ' t < 1 I < t 'A > c J J '5 c 1 i 1 I £ > ^ £ J a 'I > 1 1-^ •■i J J 1 c .2 i" 2 •J •1 .i 'I \ •I \ \ 'S ''■J \ c •y a £ 1 J HEALTH OF AXIilALS SESSIONAL PArZR No. 15b : ; : ■ ca : aj I ' ' o J : : : g ■•- S 2 5 o 3 0.-5 I g'S 48 DEPARTMENT OF AORICVLTORE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND CONDENSED MILK Early in the year a meeting of the managements of the different factories engaged in the canning of fruits and vegetables, was held at Toronto.' At this meeting the standards adopted the year previous were discussed fully, particular attention being given to their practical operation. A number of suggestions were received and minor criticisms were made which will be borne in mind at the time that new regulations are drafted. A commendable spirit of co-operation was shown by the manufacturers at this meeting who in some instances were inconvenienced and perhaps put to considerable expense as a result of the new standards, yet they were quite ready to admit that they were fair and just to the manufacturer and would undoubtedly be the means wherebj confidence would be established in the purchaser. New regulations or orders quite naturally require some little time to insure their enforcement in all their complete- ness without friction, yet it can be truly said that the objections made have been very few. The greatest difficulty experienced by this office, was in the adjustment of tihe labels. The new law required that no labels should be used unless they had been approved. This involved a tremendous amount of work and it was surprising to find th^t hundreds of labels had been in use that did not conform with the law inasmuch as they did not give a true and correct description of the contents of the package on which they were placed. Some latitude however, was allowed the canner where tlie discrepancy on the label was not too glaring and permission was given for the reprinting of many thousands. At the same time it was necessary to absolutely forbid the use of others and to order the destruction of large quantities that could not bq made to comply by any means whatever. Some manufacturers had purchased faulty labels when they might have known that the statements made thereon were absolutely contrary to the facts. During the year inspectors of this division visited the majority of the wholesale houses throughout Canada and obtained samples of the products which had been shipped to them by the manufacturers. An examination was then made to determine whether or not the contents of the tins were actually what they were represented to be on the label. This has involved an immense amount of work which has been some- what delayed owing to the small staff capable of carrying it out. The matter is now receiving more prompt attention and it is hoped that in the very near future a sufficient complement of qualified employees will be procured so that there will be absolutely no delay in reporting the results of such examinations. Particular attention was given to the examination of imports and the evidence obtained will amply justify the control now vested in this branch by the amendment to the Act made a year ago. Insi>eetors during the year visited regularly all the fruit and vegetable canneries as well as jam, jelly and pickle factories. From the reports received, these plants are, generally speaking, being maintained in a satisfactory condition. Special attention was paid to establishments engaged in evaporating apples. The condition of these plants and the quality of the product being manufactured to-day as compared with that of a few years ago is ample justification for the money expended on their inspection and supervision. The products now being exported from Canada will compare favourably with those from other countries, yet if the Canadian manufacturers want to establish them- selves on our foreign markets, more attention must be paid to grading and to the handling and sale of this class of foods on a quality basis. It is a matter of surprise to find that the majority of the men responsible for the handling of these cammo- HEALTH OF ANIMALS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b dities would, if left to themselves, pay no attention to the grading of the raw material or of the finished product. In too many instances they are content to hurry the fruit and vegetables into the cans and to get them on the market irrespective of the effect that such a procedure would have not only on the reputation of their own brands but on the trade in general. There are, however, a number of establishments that are beginning, particularly of late, to pay more attention to the grading of their products and they are making an honest effort to place upon the market a really high-class food. With the rigorous enforcement of the standards of quality as shown in the new regulations these manu- facturers will be protected to the extent that the careless or indifferent canner will not be permitted to show on his labels a quality above that which he actually produces. A 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1921 APPENDIX TO T^HE REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE REPORT DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS FISCAL YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1920 PRIXTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMEXT. OTTAWA THOMAS MULVET PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1921 LNo. IC— 1921]. II GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A. 1921 Ottawa, March 31, 1920, The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. Sm, — I have the honour to submit herewith, for your approval, the thirty-third annual report of the work carried on by the Experimental Farms Branch of the Department of Agriculture, during the year ending March 31, 1920. This report is merely a summary of the year's operations but an endeavour has been made to prepare it in such a way that it will be found both readable and giving a very fair general idea of the lines of activity pursued. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, E. S. AECHIBALD, Director, Dominion Experimerital Farms. 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Director's Report — E. S. Archibald, B.A., B.S.A., — including general notes and synopsis of the work on the Sub-Stations 0-15 Animal Husbandman — Report of the Acting Dominion IC- 22 Field Husbandman — Report of the Assistant Dominion 22- 24 Horticulturist — Report of the Dominion 25- 29 Poultry Husbandman — Report of the Dominion 29- 36 Tobacco Husbandman — Report of the 37- 41 Apiarist — Report of the 41- 42 Economic Fibre Specialist — Report of the 42- 43 Chemist — Report of the Dominion 43- 5S Botanist — Report of the Acting Dominion 58- 64 Cerealist — Report of the Dominion 64- 66 Agrostologist — Report of the Dominion 67- 70 Supervisor, Illustration iStations — Report of the 70- 83 Extension and Publicity — Report of the officer in charge 83- 85 Charlottetown, P.E.I. — Report of the Superintendent at 85- 91 Kentville, N.S. — Report of the Superintendent at 91-101 Nappan, N.S. — Report of the Superintendent at 101-108 Fredericton, N.B. — Report of the Superintendent at 108-113 Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, Que. — Report of the Superintendent at 114r-116 Cap Rouge, Que. — Report of the Superintendent at 117-130 Lennosville, Que. — Report of the Superintendent at 130-137 La Ferme, Que. — Report of the Foreman-Manager at 138-139 Kapuskasing, Ont.— Report of the Foreman-Manager at 139-142 Morden, Man. — Report of the Superintendent at 143-152 Brandon, Man. — ^Report of the Sujwrintendent at 152-156 Indian Head, Saek. — Report of the Superintendent at 156-159 Rosthern, Sask. — Report of the Superintendent at 160-163 Scott, iSask. — Report of the Superintendent at 163-166 Lethbridge, Alta. — Report of the Superintendent at 166-170 Lacombe, Alta. — Report of the Asst. to the Superintendent at 170-175 Summerland, B.C. — Report of the Superintendent at 175-178 Invermere, B.C-^Report of the Acting Superintendent at 178-187 Agassiz, B.C. — Report of the Officer in Charge at 187-193 Sidney, B.C. — Report of ihe Superintendent at 193-19-^ 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1920 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR E. S. .\rchlbald, B.A., B.S.A. FIELD CROP AXD LIVE STOCK ]S'OTES FOR 1919 The season opened tardily and practically no seeding had been done in the Haritime Provinces and Quebec at the end of AprU. In Ontario very little had been done as heavy snowfalls during the last week of April had left the land too wdt for tilling. In the western provinces, although the spring opened late, about 60 per cent of seeding was completed by May 1. At the end of June, the condition of the principal grain crops indica'ted that for the fourth successive year the yields of the Dominion would be below the average of the previous ten years. In Manitoba and Ontario warm rains and generally favourable weather gave promise of a good harvest. In the Maritime Provinces and Quebec, the conditions also were generally favourable and the harvest was good. The results of harvesting of grain crops in Alberta and Saskatchewan showed poor to very poor yields in the southern parts of those provinces, and poor to good in the northern districts. ' The area sown to wheat was 19,125,968 acres, as compared, with 17,353,902 in 191S. The total value of Canada's field crops for the year was $1,452,437,500, as compared with the 'total value of $1,367,909,970 in 1918. The area under roots and fodder crops amounted to 12,554,974: acres, as compared with 12,321,351 acres in 1918. The total estimated yield of potatoes for 1919 was 125,574,900 bushels, being much greater than the yield of 1918. In the following tables, details are given of the yields and values of 'the principal field crops for 1918 and 1919. In. table 3 the numbers of the various classes of livi stock in Canada are given for the period of 1915-1919. DIWAUTMRW or AdHiril.TCRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 192* Table I.— Compabiuon of Yields and Prices obtai.ved ron the Years 1918 and 1919 Crop Average Yield per aere. 1918 1919 Average Price per bush. Total Yield. 1918 1919 FaU wheat Spring wheat All wheat Oats Barley Rye Peas Beans Buckwheat Mixed grains Flax Corn for husking Potatoes Turnips, mangels, etc Hay and clover Fodder com Sugar beets Alfalfa busli. 1900 10-75 11 00 28-75 24-50 15-25 13-25 15-50 20-75 38-75 5-75 56-75 142-00 377-50 tons 1-40 9-50 10-00 2-25 bush. 23 9 10 26 21 13- 14 16- 23 31 5 64- 153- 354- tons 1- bush. 7,942,800 181.132,550 189,075,350 426.312,500 77,287.240 8,504,400 3,099,400 3,563,380 11,375,500 35,662,300 6,055,2001 14,214,200i 104,364,200 122,699,600 tons 14,772,300 4.787,500 180,000 446,400 bush. 16,000,000 177,254,400 193,260,400 394,387,000 56,389,400 10,207,400 3,406,300 1,388,600 10.550,800 27,851,700 5.472,800 16,940,500 125,574,900 112,288,600 tons 16,348.000 4,942,760 240,000 494,200 Table 2. — Comparison of Eastern C.kk.kda, Prairie Provinces and British Colt:.\ibia AND Prices obt.\ined Crop Fall wheat Spring wheat. . Oats Barley Peas Rye Flax Potatoes Turnips, etc... Hay and clover. Sugar beets Fodder com .\Jfalfa Eastern Provinces Average Yield per aere bush 19-50 20-21 37-58 33-74 12-89 16-11 11-99 144-49 399-33 tons. 1-43 10-00 9-73 2-28 bush 24-30 16-37 28-75 23-21 14-61 16-20 9-58 151-12 368-09 tons 1-5' 9-79 9-71 2-18 Average Price obtained 2 16 0 84 1 20 2 57 1 66 3 51 1 02 0 48 16 19 10 25 6 01 15 63 1 9; 2 18 0 9: 1 41 2 85 1 59 3 67 0 97 0 44 20 70 10 86 6 60 19 15 Prairie Provinces Average Yield per acre bush 15- n 10 18 23-73 20-95 19-38 15-01 5-53 123-43 219-28 tons 0-97 5-57 1-91 Average Price obtained bush 15-75 9-31 24-92 20-31 16-31 12-67 4-90 160-88 230-95 tons 1-21 8-32 1-90 $ 1 93 2 28 0 71 0 90 1 50 1 43; 3 II 0 80 0 66 14 14 10 50 20 49 1 98 1 86 0 68 1 35 3 07 1 31 4 15 0 So 1 02 18 60 12 89 27 69 British Columbia Average Yield per acre Average Price obtained- 1918 1919 1918 ! 1919 bush 24-7; 22-00 39-75 26-50 21-50 30 00 228-00 422-00 tons 1-90 1010 3-25 bush, 24 -7c 22-00 47-25 33-00 23-00 22-50 170-00 365-00 tons 1-50 11-50 3-00 2 15 2 08| 1 00 1 47 3 00 2 0' 10 00 32 25 $ 2 40 2 31 1 07 1 82 2 60 2 OS 1 00 0 75 12 00 37 00 EXPERIilEyTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 T.^BLE 3.— F.\RM .\.VD Live Stock, 1915-1919 Eastern Provinces — Horses Milch cows Other cattle Sheep Swine ^Vestcm Provinces — Horses Milch cows Other cattle Sheep Swine British Columbia — Horses Milch cows Other cattle Sheep Swine 1.442,063 2.075,750 1.848.504 1.569.488' 2,269,029j 1,492,681 553,152 1,450,212 420,770 804,328 61,355 37,944 100,439 46,404 38,543 1,396,760 1,998.318 1,727.773 1.483.065 2.096.832 1.800,270 792.797 1.929.844 493,607 1,340.179 61,312 39.318 lOS.lOlj 46,269 37,829, 1.434.832i 2,270,837( 2,103.329, 1,840,054 2,102,506| 1,922,793 882,44ll 2,423,990 485,446 1,479,188 55,124 49,005 191,338; 43,858 37,6SS 1,399.099; 2,585.285' 3.501.640, 2.404,319 2,842,507 2,166,027 907,350 2,810,4621 603,138 1,407,370 44,131 50,965 195,165 45,291 39,805 1,365,464 2,558,313 3,535,082 2,698,394 2,855,343 2,258,188 938.530 2,806.848 678.579 1,139,767 43,717 51,594 194,644 44,985 44,960 T.\BLE OF Meteorologic.\l Observ.^tioxs taken- .\t the Cextr.vl ExPERi.> n PU 'A^ S Tn. In. 0-99 2 0-69 106 7 0-39 6-76 11 1-30 1-92 9 0-63 2-79 13 1-74 0-81 3 0-56 1-26 7 0-40 0-52 3 0-40 0-17 o 012 0-25 1 0-25 015 3 005 015 3 005 16-83 64 EXPERniEyTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAF>ER No. 16 Some Weather 0b9ER\ THOSE ATION-3 TAKEN AT CeJ^TRAL EXPERIMENTAL FaRM, OtTAWA, AS COMPARED WITH TAKEN AT Fort Vermilion, Pbace River District, Alberta. April Ot tawa Fort Vermilion. . . . Mail Ottawa.." Fort Vermilion. . . . June Ottawa Fort Vermilion. . . , July Ottawa Fort Vermilion. . . . August Ottawa Fort Vermilion .... September Ottawa Fort Vermilion October Ottawa Fort Vermilion November Ottawa Fort Vermilion Deceynber Ottawa Fort Vermilion January Ottawa Fort Vermilion February Ottawa Fort Vermilion March Ottawa V Fort Vermilion Mean Tem- perature 38-68 34 13 55-31 42-85 71-11 49-85 71-96 58-64 66-53 56-37 58-62 46-43 45-71 18-63 31-30 -0-17 14-40 -9-04 12-60 6-13 28-36 5-31 Highest Tem- perature 69 0 69-9 84-0 76-0 960 89-2 990 89-0 91-6 82-5 S3 -8 82-0 75-0 58-9 58-0 42-0 44-0 49-0 33-8 260 33-0 46-0 63-6 42-5 Lowest tem- perature 3-0 10-2 32-0 13-5 44-0 20-0 50-0 340 41-9 28-5 35-0 140 25-0 -22-0 4-4 -46-9 -16-6 -500 -29-0 -58-9 -25-0 -41-0 -16-4 -47-0 Total Preeipi- tation In. 3-28 0-99 3-77 1-06 2-36 6-76 1-59 1-92 2-48 0-81 4-91 1-26 2-71 0-52 1-04 0-17 2-99 0-25 2-20 0-15 2-39 0-15 Heaviest in 24 hours In. 0-50 0-69 0-82 0-39 0-82 1-30 0-34 0-63 0-32 1-74 0-57 0-56 1-81 0-40 0-53 0-40 0-32 0-12 0-90 0-25 0-80 005 0-55 0-05 Total hours Sunshine Hr. 156-0 210-3 174-2 303-5 206-9 321-5 279-8 210-9 255 0 181-5 225-6 125-8 97-3 49-7 73-9 103-2 59-4 111-2 84-3 1.31-3 121-6 160-9 166 0 Average Sunshine per day Hr. 5-20 6-23 6-78 5-61 10-37 9-02 6-80 8-22 6-05 7-5o 4-05 3-13 1-65 2-46 3-32 1-91 3-58 2-71 4-52 419 5-19 5-35 12 DEPARTHEyT OF ACItlClLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Record or Scnshixe at Fort Vermiuok. Peace River District, Alberta, from Aprij, 1, 1919, lo March 31. 1920. Months Number o( days with sunshine Number of days without sunshine Total hours sunshine Average sunshine per day April 27 23 21 28 29 28 19 18 21 22 25 25 3 8 9 3 2 2 12 12 10 9 4 6 186-9 174-2 206-9 279-8 255 0 225-6 97-3 73-9 59-4 $4-3 121-6 166-0 6-23 May 5-61 6-89 July 9-02 August 8-22 September 7-52 3-13 November 2-46 December 1-91 January 2-71 Februarj- 4-19 March 5-35 EXPERIMENTS AT GROUAED, ALTA. Character of the season. — The fall of 1918 was exceedingly dry, preventing satis- factory ploughing. For this reason it was decided to sow in land previously in pota- toes, which proved a success. In the spring, the weather was cold for a long time, causing a delay of at least fifteen days in the season. The cold weather was followed by incessant rains and very little warm weather, which retarded maturity. Cereals. — Four varieties of spring wheat were tested. Prelude, Huron and ifarquis yielded, respectively, 32, 46 and 51 bushels per acre. Ruby, a new variety, seemingly the best suited to the region, yielded 49 bushels per acre. The barley test gave the following results: O.A.C. No. 21, 71i bushels per acre; inclined to lodge. Duckbill, 70 bushels; stiff straw. Albert, 52 bushels; early; inclined to lodge. A comparison of three varieties of oats showed that, although not the earliest. Victory, with a yield of 148 bushels per acre, is more advantageous than Banner or Daubeney, with 145 and 98 bushels per acre respectively. One-half pound of fall rye seed, not completely dry, was sown in October, 1918, and yielded 33 pounds. Horticulture. — !Many farmers expecting a long fall were deceived and a large quantity of potatoes and vegetables were left in the ground and grain in stook owing to the sudden setting in of winter. Although better success has been obtained in the past, our garden crops have been, as usual, remarkable. Cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, celery, kohl rabi and tomatoes, sown in hotbeds, all gave good crops except tomatoes, which had to be used green. Of the vegetables sown directly in the open, beans were either frozen - or failed to ripen, cucumbers were a failure, and salsify unsatisfactory. Beets, carrots, turnips, onions, parsley, parsnip, peas, radish and spinach gave excellent crops. Pump- kins and squash weighing 10 to 12 pounds were obtained, and also a few citrons, one weighing 1 pound. Squaw corn proved hardier and earlier than Early Sweet Mal- colm and gave several ripe well filled ears, but the season generally was unfavourable. Turnips were injured by rust. All the old varieties of fruit trees, single and improved Siberian apple trees have perished or are dying, and there is no chance of saving them. EXPERIMENTAL F.iRMS 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Currants, young and old, continue to give fine results. It is one of the best fruits for the region, as it always succeeds when pruned and sprayed with Paris green. ' Purple and white lilacs are always in good condition, they are easily multiplied and highly decorative. EXPERIMENTS AT BEAVERLODGE, ALTA. Early disappearance of snow in the spring of 1911) was followed by a prolonged period of cold, dry, windy weather with some hard frosts during May and June. New meadows made very slow growth and old meadows were almost failures. Insufficient moisture, amounting to only 4-16 inches from the first of May to the middle of July, retarded the growth of all crops. Wheat plots were seeded April 17 under favourable conditions but the weather following was not conducive to high yields. Rain fell in abundance in the latter part of the growing season and although the lowering of the temperature to 29-5 degrees Fahr. on the morning of September 1 affected the grade of wheat and the germination of oats, the yields of the late-maturing varieties were good. The first hard killing frost occurred on September 27. Six varieties of spring wheat were grown. Huron gave the highest yield of 46 bushels and 17 pounds. Marquis was second in yield, with 46 bushels and 15 pounds per acre. Ruby yielded well, but considerable loss resulted from shelling by the wind. Grande Prairie district as a whole is better suited for the production of oats than wheat or barley. Of the six varieties of oats tested this year Banner yielded 1S2 bushels 32 pounds. Victory 119 bushels 24 pounds and Liberty (hulless) 72 bushels 2 pounds. The last variety is very well suited to this district on account of its earliness, strength of straw and good yielding qualities. O.A.C. No. 21 barley gave the highest yield of the varieties of barley tested. The two-rowed Early Chevalier excels the six-rowed sorts in its ability to withstand the heavy winds. OI.A.C. No.; 21 yielded per acre 55 bushels 40 pounds, Guymalaye, a hulless variety, gave 49 bushels 8 pounds per acre. Other varieties tested gave smaller yields. The average yield of three plots of peas was 23 bushels 23 pounds per acre. "Winter rye gave a yield iper acre of 43 bushels 22 pounds and Turkey Red winter wheat produced 36 bushels per acre. The following experiments were conducted with forage crops in the past season. The nurse crop experiment; grass and clover mixture experiment; special alfalfa experiments; tests with field roots, annual hay, pasture and ensilage crops; inoculation tests with legumes; thickness of seeding tests with timothy and western rye grass; grasses and clovers for seed production ; three years' stand of timothy and western rye grass. Combining the sowings of 1918 and 1919, over five hundred plots of forage crops are under test at Beaverlodge. Special effort is being made to ascertain what grasses and clovers will succeed here. Of ten hay crops tried, western rye grass and timothy appear to be the most suitable, with sweet clover holding some promise for the provision of midsummer pasture. A mixture of red and alsike clovers seems to be the most likely clover basis for mixed seedings with a view to hay production. It appears at present that the most satisfactory rotation may prove to be the one in which hay crops are seeded during the latter half of May with a thin-sown crop of either barley or oats for green feed. Results from root crops have not been very encouraging. Turnips are the safest of these crops. Millet is not sufficiently hardy to be dependable. Corn for fodder is not hopeful but sunflowers promise to be hardy and productive. On frosty areas the production of rye grass and timothy seed promises to be a safe and more profitable line of production than the raising of grain. Red clover and alsike ripened seed on several occasions but no alfalfa seed has been produced. A date-of-seediug experiment commenced in 1918 was continued this year with wheat, oats, barley, flax and peas and considerable valuable data were collected. 14 DEPARTMKXT OF AGRIVILTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xo season for six years has been as unfavourable for vegetable gardening as the season of 1919. Cold dry weather until midsummer, frosts, lashing winds and insects destroyed many vegetable plots. Potatoes, however, made a first-class stand and pea? where not planted too shallow produced good rows and during the latter part of tho summer bore long and abundantly. Everything that got a good start attained a fin? development in the end, but so many seedins's were destroyed or made a late weak start that the rows of winter vegetables were nearly all ragged and thin and a majority of the specimens small. The freeze-up commencing October S destroyed many potatoes and other vegetables in the ground or seriously affected their eating and keeping qualities. The highest yielding varieties of potatoes produced at the following rates per acre: American Wonder, 4S4 bushels 30 pounds; Early Northern, 476 bushels; Gold Coin, 408 bushels. Several cultural tests are being conducted with potatoes, with fairly good results. A considerable number of flowers can be grown successfully in this district. Of the perennial flowers, pansies, larkspurs, Iceland and California poppies gave good results. Sweet peas, nasturtiums, climbing nasturtiums, marigolds, linaria and asters also produced a fine display of bloom. Chinese lilacs, Caragana, Manitoba maple, wild honeysuckle and two varieties of spiraea are proving fairly hardy. Several varieties of black, red and white currants gave excellent yields in the past season. The outlook for currants, raspberries, strawberries and gooseberries is very hopeful. The apples planted out are nearly all alive but the trees killed back badly in the winter of 1918-19. Table or Meteorological Observatioxs taken' at Beaverlodge, Grande Prairie. Alberta, from .^JRIL 1, 1919, TO March 31. 1920. cmxG the Maximum. Minimum, and Mean Temperature pob EACH MONTH, ALSO RaINTALL, SnOWFALL, A.VD TotAL PrEOPITATION. Months S E 'i E 3 e i 1 i 1 Q % 3 5 1 1 1 o n zn 1 = •r.2 11 X 0 April May 51-36 30-23 33-40 2113 23-20 22-83 24-61 21-45 21-92 20-38 16-05 16-38 16-87 19-34 19-45 40-79 45-01 5104 58-26 700 75-0 83-0 860 26 18 19 15 16&17 16&17 4 16&18 18&28 17 19 240 17-5 24-0 40-0 31-0 230 -10 0 -240 -35 0 -47 0 -12 0 -22 0 22 5 1 1&9 5 27&28 30 30 I 22 2 3 In. 0-42 104 2-48 2-22 2- 14 1-78 0-18 014 0-03 4-00 In. 0-82 1-04 2-48 3 5 11 13 9 4 9 10 8 10 1 10 In. 0-40 0-87 0-67 0-67 0-60 0-96 0-68 0-40 0-70 110 0-20 0-40 4 30 62-46! .^9 63 5 July 70-58 67-12 61-56 38-80 20-96 20-83 10-90 33-03 28-61 45-96 45-67 39-65 18-41 4-91 4-45 -5-96 13-68 9-22 2-22 19 .August September... October November... December. . . Januarj- February March 56-39 770 50-61 750 28-60 63-0 12-93 47-0 12-64 45 0 2-47 42-0 23-35 45-0 18-94 470 15-50 22-00 17-50 38-50 2-00 21-20 2-14 1-78 1-73 2-34 1-78 3-85 0-20 2-12 21 6 21 9 16 28 19 22 10-43 120-70 22-50 93 EXPERIMENTS AT FORTS .'^MITH. RESOLUTION AND PROVIDENCE, NORTHWEST TERRITORIES FORT SMITH The season was exceptionally favourable due to the absence of the usual June, July and August frosts. All crops gave uncommon yields, and carrots weighing 1 to li pounds each and cabbage 20 pounds each were obtained. Onions were 3 to 4 inches in diameter. The Prizetaker variety proved superior to Yellow Globe and Red Danvers. EXPERIMEXTAL FARUS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The average return of potatoes was 20 bushels for 1 bushel planted. Red varieties succeeded better than white. At 20 miles from Forth Smith we have 14 acres of good land for oats, wheat and barley. From 800 pounds of oats sown, we obtained 12,000 pounds. Wheat and barley matured but were destroyed by birds. FORT RESOLUTION* In general, the crop this year was the best ever obtained. Snow and rain hindered ploughing operations in May, and plants which germinated early in June suffered from drought and caterpillars. July and August were warm and wet, favouring the crops. Potatoes gave the best crop ever recorded, the total yield being 650 bags, an average return of 9 for 1. Tubers were all large, some weighing 2J pounds. In the old fields, a superficial scab was noticed on the tubers, which, however, did not affect their edible quality. A certain number of plants suffered from a disease which may have been of a fungous origin. At the outset the plants took on a bluish hue as that of a light mould, and quickly perished. The diseased plants were unproductive. As usual. Early Rose proved the best variety. Experiments conducted during the last six years show that Wicks Extra Early, Rochester Rose, and Beaves Rose are unsuited to this region. The best result was obtained with a mixture of two white varieties, one probably being Wee McGregor, which yielded 30 for 1. Cabbage did not succeed as well as usual owing to drought and insects, but the crop was satisfactory. Turnips gave an excellent yield which would be hard to surpass for some varieties. Purple Top Milan was easily the best, the average weight being 10 pounds and one specimen tipping the scales at 22i pounds. The crop was free from disease or insects this year, although no preventive treatment was applied. The beet crop was the best ever obtained and all other vegetable croj>s were splendid. An attempt to produce our own cabbage, turnip, carrot and beet seed proved a failure as the seeds did not ripen, the season being too short and wet. Barley was the only cereal sown. Inferior home-grown seed failed to germinate satisfactorily. Seed from Fort Smith was sown June 6. The crop was injured by frost in September and used as green feed. Hay was abundant, owing to the wet season. Rye grass and timothy, grown on a small scale, proved satisfactory. Clover sown June 7 gave a vigorous growth and a good crop is expected for next year. For the first time in seven years, our apple trees have blossomed, but the fruits were only the size of a small wild cherry in September. Apparently, these apple trees will never be more than an ornament. Tomatoes grown by the nuns of the Indian School were the size of an egg aud proved of good quality when ripened in the house. FORT PROVTDENCE The season was most favourable for vegetables and hay. Potatoes, our principal crop, gave an excellent yield: 107 bags were planted about May 17 and in September, 1,687 bags containing two bushels each were harvested, after providing for the needs of the institution since August 10. Carrots, turnips, beets, cabbage, cauliflower, peas, lettuce and radish gave good crops. Onions, radish and cabbage suffered from worms. Three bushels of barley, sown May 14, yielded 8 bushels, frost having injured the crop on June 1. The same frost completely destroyed the oats and injured the wheat, which yielded 4 bushels from 1 bushel sown. On May 24 we sowed 1 pound of couch grass, J pound of clover and 1 pound of rye in new land. Growth was excellent, esiiecially that of clover. The crop was used as cow pasture in September. Locusts were plentiful but fortunately they respected our crops. Large black caterpillars despoiled trees of their foliage for miles along the river. 16 DEPAiirMKyr of agiuculture 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 DIVISION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDKY REPORT OF THE ACTING DOMINION ANIMAL HUSBANDMAN, G. B. ROTHWELL, B.S.A. During the past year live stock work at the Central Farm has been successful with certain exceptions. In explanation of the comparatively small amount of experimental work done as compared with other years it may be stated that the season in so far as crops were concerned was a poor one. Further, the high cost of all foodstuiis and the difficulty of procuring certain feeds at any price made many contemplated lines of experimental work impossible. However, the most serious of all drawbacks was due to the fact that very heavy reactions to the tuber- culin test in the dairy herd not only caused 'the discontinuance of experimental work, but also. was responsible for a deficit in the general operations. There are now 602 head of live stock in the stables, as follows : 146 dairy cattle, 36 horses, 175 sheep, 305 swine. Shortage of pasture and range generally has made itself felt in two lines of work in particular, viz., sheep and swine raising. With the former, while a really excellent crop of lambs was raised, insufficient pasture was responsible for rather unsatisfactory development at the end of the season. With hogs, possibly due to the effort of this department to increase production to the limit and to consequent overcrowding, a rather serious infestation of internal parasites resulted. However, it would seem probable that greater range facilities would be available for sheep next season, and in the case of swine, reduction of the herd to normal size, together with careful treatment of all hogs for various forms of intestinal parasites, would render conditions for satisfactory work in the future better than ever before. HORSES The quality of the horses on 'this Farm has steadily improved and the stables in general present a most creditable line up. There are at present 36 horses and colts, including three drivers and 4 general-purpose or express horses. Among the Clydesdales are several registered mares of the highest quality and two promising home-bred stallions, two and three years old. Breeding operations, while net extensive, were very successful, four good foals being raised. Prophylactic use of the vaccine treatment against joint-ill proved entirely successful. The purchase of two well known show mares, both in foal, added materially to the increase in value of the horses, which amounts to $5,665. During the year 8,014* days of horse labour were accounted for. Valuing horse labour at $1 per day amoun'ts to $8,014.50, which covered even the unprecedented cost of horse maintenance during the winter of 191&-20. Entries of horses were made at both the Eastern and Western Winter Fairs at Ottawa and Guelph, with most creditable results indeed. The most encouraging winnings were those of 'the breeding classes, where Central Experimental Farm entries topped the classes. DAIRY CATTLE The former representation of dairy herds is still maintained but the herds are in some cases somewhat reduced in numbers. They are as follows: Ayrshires, 4S head; French Canadians, 8 head; Holsteins, 66 head; Jerseys, 13 head; Grade Ayrshires, 5 head ; Grade Holsteins, 6 head. The total of 146 head is 49 less than were on hand at 'the close of the preceding fiscal year. Apart from a number of EXPERIUEXTAL FAIiilii 17 SbSSIONAL PAPER No. 16 uufortunate losses duriug the year, the health of the herd has been all that could be desired, and production has in nearly all cases exceeded that of previous years. The replacing of some of the losses in live stock has caused a debit balance to be shown for the year. Dairy Cattle Experiments. — Owing to some clianges made in the management of the dairy herd it was not found possible to carry on as much experimental work as usual. However, the following work is to be noted: — The study of several compounded dairy meals, which were being put on the markets and being largely advertised and sold during the period -when meals were exceedingly scarce was completed. These were compared with a well-balanced home- mixed ration. The results go to show that while the ready-mixed rations and liome-mixed rations were about equal for milk production, the home-mixed ratioa is almost invariably the most profitable as it can be procured for about tsvo-thirds of the price of the others. Data on 'the cost of rearing have again been carefully kept for all classes and ages of young stock. These figures show the desirability and economy of each farmer raising his own dairy animals and of raising them well. The continued study and observations on tlie practical efficiency of various types of milking machines are making satisfactory progress. The study of contagious abortion in cattle as reported in last year's report has been continued. Tliis work consisted of trials of four different types of preven'tatives as follows : — 1st. — Lederle Killed Culture for pregnant animals, given in three progressive; doses. Thi-ee animals treated. Kesults — two calved normially and third slightly premature, but not typical abor'tion. Treatment apparently efEective. 2nd. — Lederle Live Culture for non-pregnant animals, one dose only. Twenty animals treated. Ten animals available for obsei-vation. Results — nine calved normally, tenth aborted upon being shipped to another herd. Treat- ment apparently effective. ■ 3rd.— Mulford's Serrovaccine, live culture, for non-pregnant cows. One dose only. Ten animals treated. Six available for observation. Five calved normally, one aborted. One cow which calved normally was given treat ment after service which theoretically should have caused abortion. Tbi? gives a negative appearance to the results of this 'test. ■1th. — Health of Animals Branch, vaccine treatment. Double doses for non- pregnant cows. Eleven cows treated. Five available for observation. Four calved normally, the fifth aborted having aborted also the previous year. Trea'tment only partially effective. 18 DEPAitrMEyr of aoriculture 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Dairy Cattle Itclunis — The following table shows the average production of the 07 cows which completed a lactation period during the year. The table also shows the production of the five best and the production of the 'total herd of each breed of cattle. The figures are very g^i-atifying showing as they do uniformly high produc- tion and profits throughout, the French Canadians being the only breed to fall below the average of 'the preceding year : A'S'ERAGES Number of Head. Breed Age Average days in milk Average lbs. mUk produced Average per cent fat in milk Average profit over cost of feed be- tween calvings. Labour, manure and calf, not included 67 All breeds and ages. Years 5 Days 311 lb. 8, 153 07 3-93 $ cts. 91 66 7 6 349 309 10,276-50 7,280-80 3-89 3-96 114 87 20 total herd. . .. 76 93 5 best French Canadian.... French Canadian... . 4 4 2S5 279 6,466-00 5,817-50 4-6 4-48 90 05 7 total herd 76 11 5 best 6 e 313 328 14,531-30 9,946-70 3-52 3-58 149 02 19 total herd 98 48 5 best 5 5 328 290 7.653-60 6,353-10 5-33 5-17 129 84 10 total herd 102 69 4 best . . Gr. Ayrshire Gr. Ayrshire 6 6 314 314 7,366-50 7,366-50 3-86 3-86 83 86 4 total herd 83 86 5 best Gr. Holstein Gr, Holstein 6 6 333 325 11,826-00 11,133-20 3-61 3-51 126 35 7 total herd 114 35 Official Records. — This year again a number of the cows and heifers of the various breeds were entered for official records. These, under very ordinary condl- tioiis for test work, made the f ollo^ving records in the respective tests : — - Canadux Record of Pehfohm.\nce Tests on Central Farm, April 1, 1919, to March 31, 1920. Name and Number of Cow Age at No. Pounds Pounds commence- days Milk fat ment of test milking produced produced Years 6 334 18,072 603 6 350 20,205 655 3 278 10,017 347 2 333 10,291 422 9 285 10,907 381 6 278 9,762 389 4 352 11.735 507 2 248 6,661 279 12 323 10,511 416 3 344 10.133 471 3 354 8,151 437 Average per cent fat Canaan Beauty 2nd 21172 Helena Keyes Posch 2137B Ottawa March Ormsby 36769 Ottawa Pietartje Ormsby 44451... Topsy Keyes 15669 Balmangan Queen 2nd 48431 Duchess of Briarcrest 50109 Flavia 7th of Ottawa 52310 (app.) Ottawa Kate 29601 Dcnise Fortune 3807 Nevas Princess 8005 Holstein Holstein Holstein Holstein Holstein Ayrshire Ayrshire Ayrshire AjTshire Fr. Canadian Jersey 3-34 3-24 3-47 4-10 3-50 3-98 4-32 4-19 3-95 4-65 5-36 I EXPERIUEy'TAL FAHMS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 HOLSTEIN ReCOBD OF MeRIT TeSTS ON CENTRAL Farm, April 1, 1919, TO Marcb 31, 1920. Name and number of cow Age at commencement of test Years l>Ionths I Days Number days on test Pounds milk Pounds fat Pounds 80% Butter Butter Boy Keyes 2nd Lass 196S6. Butter Boy Keyes 2nd Lass 19686. Canaan Beauty 2nd 21172 Canaan Beauty 2nd 21172 Conway Posch Butter Girl 19685. . Conway Posch Butter Girl 19685.. Helena Keves Posch 21376 Helena Keves Posch 21376 Jewel Belle Dewdrop 2nd 20244. . . . Jewel Belle Dewdrop 2nd 20244.... Komdyke Canarj- Butter Maid 49648 Komdyke Canarj- Butter Maid 49618 Ormsby Rhoda Maud 44200 Ormsby Rhoda Maud 44200 Ottawa Bessie .\nn 27130 Ottawa Bessie Ann 27130 Rosa Bonheur Flower 24620 Rosa Bonheur Flower 24620 Topsv Keyes 15669 Topsy Keyes 15669 541-5 2,221-0 611-0 2,565-9 458-0 1,9290 5,941-5 8,452-5 448-0 831-0 404-5 1,545-5 354-5 1,431-5 587-5 2,303-0 469-5 1,898-5 453-0 1,909-5 20-13 80-91 19-77 82-27 16-76 68-57 176-51 252-49 15-73 30-25 15-42 55-25 12-86 50-41 21-04 80 -.37 15-30 61-02 16-48 66-77 25-17 101-14 24-71 102-84 20-96 85-72 220-64 315-61 19-66 37-82 19-28 , 69-07 16-07 63-01 26-31 100-47 1913 76-28 20-61 83-47 Lxhilitions. — This year a start was made in exhibiting live stock in open com- petition at the fairs. Two junior Ayrshire hull calves were shown at the Ottawa vrinter fair and had the distinction of winning first and second in their class. These animals have since been sent to Branch Farms to head the Ayrshire herds maintained there. It is proposed to enlarge upon this work at the coming fall and ■winter fairs. The flock of sheep is composed of Leicesters and Shropshires of good type and quality. At the close of the fiscal year there were 175 head in the flock. The flock is still handicapi)ed by lack of pasture which is largely responsible for the rather poor returns this year, there being a small debit balance. ISext year unlimited range for sheep will be available, therefore a much better showing is expected. Some sheep were exhibited at the Ottawa Winter Fair but not with the signal success attending the exhibition of cattle. However, they made a creditable showing. There are now 305 swine of all ages on the Central Farm, a larger number than over maintained before and an increase of 26 over the previous year. Many difii- culties were met with in reference to experimental work, due, first, to a very dry early summer which made necessary the discontinuance of pasture experimental work with sows and growing pigs; second, to the results of a more or less severe infestation of intestinal parasites manifesting itself in the yotmg and growing hogs; and third, to the difficulty in securing eflicient hog-men to carry on such a fairly large enterprise. However, some excellent results were obtained. While a large gross turnover was shown, $8,.306.25, the actual profit was less than in other years due to high cost of feeds and labor, little demand for breeding stock, low selling price and to other causes already mentioned. However, accounting for all reg-ular debit items, extra labour for experimental work, losses, etc., and in a year notable as one of the worst in the history of swine raising, a profit of $304.16 is shown 16— 2 J 20 nF.PARTilE\T OF AGltlCVLTOUE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Summer Experimental Work. — The main experiment of the summer dealt with features already partially demonstrated the previous year. Pasture and limited grain vs. trough feeding vs. self-feeder (both fed outside) vs. trough and self-fed lots (inside feeding). The results of this test indicated a cost per pound gain as follows: — Pasture and limited grain 9.7 cents Trough fed (paddock) 10.3 Selt-fed (paddock) 9.8 Trougrh fed (inside) ... . ... 8.6 Seif-fed (inside) 9.3 Conclusions 1. Pasture feeding using a limited grain ration (trough fed) proved slightly more ecouomical than where the self-feeder free choice system was used the year before, con- sidering the higher cost of all feed. 2. That the self-feeding method proved slightly more expensive in cost per pound, but that the hogs so fed were ready for market from ten to fifteen days earlier. 3. That the self-feeder is a good hog fattener, but not to be recommended in the growing of young breeding stock. Trough feeding in this experiment proved more economical indoors. In outside feeding the reverse was the case. 4. That hogs fed in cool indoor quarters supplied with earth, charcoal, etc., and with a reasonable amount of green feed, make more economical gains than those similarly fed outdoors. Sun scald and sun burn generally is a most serious condition with the young white skinned hog. Tankage vs. Fish Meal. — Three lots of 10 pigs each were self-fed meal and were supplied with: Lot 1, tankage. Lot 2, fish-meal, in separate self-feeders. Lot 3 was given no supplement. Tankage fed lot cost 9.9 cents per pound gain. Fish-meal fed lot cost 9.4 " Ix>t receiving neither 9.89 The fish-meal fed pigs compared very favourably with the check lot fed meal and milk at a cost of 9.3 cents. Previous tests have indicated excellent possibilities for fish-meal as a supplementary hog feed, and it is proposed to carry out more extensive work in this line. The Self-Feeder. — Throughout all tests where self-feeders were checked against the trough-feeding method the average results bore out previous findings that about one- tenth of a poimd more meal was required per pound gain with the former method, which does not balance the saving of labour so effected. Sum^mer-Housing. — Several types of summer cabins were kept under observation : (1) the A-shaped cabin; (2) the straight-walled cabin with tight sides; (3) the latter c.E\V BUII.DI.N'GS Besides a well i;quipi)ed slaugliter-house, there lias beeu added a very complete little smoke-house with facilities for curing and smoking meats. During the past winter large numbers of hogs have been butchered and sold to farm officials and employees at market prices. A very serviceable cheap type of shed piggery with yards has been constructed with different interior arrangements. This has proven most satisfactory, illustrating as it does, the fact that expensive buildings for swine are not only unnecessary but less successful as well. BR.OCH FARMS Owing to partial disorganization of the Animal Husbandry Division and to the press of routine work at the Central Experimental Farm, the Acting Dominion Animal Husbandman was unable to visit the Branch Farm System other than certain Farms iu the province of Quebec. Every effort, however, has been made toward the assistance of Superintendents in the purchase of stock, feeds, etc., and in evei*y way possible through corresixjndence. BUILDtSG PLANS While little building work has been under way, a number of plans for buildings on the Farm System have been prepared. It is hoped to begin operations upon the much needed dairy building at the Central Experimental Farm early in the next fiscal year. Over 600 plans and si>ecifications of farm buildings have been forwarded to farmers throughout the Dominion. This line of assistance has become exceedingly popular and is only held back by lack of staff. MISCELLANEOUS The Acting Dominion Animal Husbandman, together with the staff of assistants, has visited numbers of exhibitions, shows, meetings, demonstrations and short courses. Considerable judging work has been undertaken throughout Ontario and Quebec. Increased correspondence and routine work, in general, has taken up much of the time of the staff. DIVISION OF FIELD HUSBANDRY EEPORT OF THE ASSISTANT "dOMIXIOX FIELD HUSBAXDMAX, W. L. GRAHAM, B.S.A. The soil cultural and rotation experiments that have been under investigation for several years now have been continued at the Branch Experimental Farms and Stations, and at the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa. The cost of production of crops grown under field and rotation experiment conditions has received considerable attention and data of results compiled, which are available for distribution to the farmers of Canada. The shallow versus deep ploughing experiment which has run now for sixteen years has been concluded and while yields in the different plots varied considerably from year to yi>ar, there has been no appreciable difference in the returns from the two systems of cultivation for the whole period. EXPERIifEyTAL FARyS 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 WEATHER CONDITIONS AND CROP YIELDS In spite of unfavourable weather conditions the crops at the Central Experimental i'arm at Ottawa have been fairly good. The dry weather that set in early in the season was not conducive to record yields, but a yield per acre in an ofF year of 51 bushels of oats, l-t tons of ensilage corn, 14 tons of mangels and over 2-i tons of hay is sufficient to demonstrate that by proper cultural methods and the following of a suitable rotation, the effects of adverse weather conditions can be reduced to the minimum. Yield OF Field Ckofs, Centr.\i. Experimekt.il Farm, 1919. Crop Area Total Yields Average Yield per Acre ac;-es 40 3 34 34 40 tons 562 43 lb. 1,470 1,675 bush. lb. tons lb. 14 l.'ifi bush. lb. Roots 14 1,225 Oats 1.757 24 51 23 36 103 13 140 1 2 118 1,153 Hay COST OF PRODl'CTION OF FIELD CROPS, 1919 The data obtained on the cost of production of field- crops are determined from fixed cost and return values. This is necessary in our work in order that the rotation and individual plot results within a rotation may be compared. This year the cost of production is not high when compared with the yield: — Crop Yield per acre Cost to Produce Per acre I Per ton | Per bush. Mangels Ensilage com Oats Oat straw Hay acres 3 40 34 34 40 tons 14-61 14 06 106 2-57 bush. 487 39 08 26 88 16 81 S 2 67 1 91 3 OS 8 00 ROTATION OF CROPS For various purposes, fifteen rotations are under way at this Farm. From these tests important conclusions have already been drawn, and the results now being obtained are providing valuable data. The rotations being conducted under regular farm conditions are as follows: — Rotaiion "A" (five years' duration). — First year, hoed crop, manured; 2nd year, grain seeded down with clovers and grass ; 3rd year, clover hay, top dressed with manure in autumn; 4th year, timothy hay, field ploughed in August, top worked and ribbed up in October; 5th year, grain seeded down with red clover to be ploughed under the following spring, when the succeeding hoed crop is corn. Rotation "B" (five years' duration). — First year, hoed crop, manured; 2nd year, grain, seeded .down with clovers and gi'ass, top dressed with manure in autumn; 3rd year, clover hay, ploughed in autumn; 4th year, gi-ain seeded down with clovers and grass; 5th year, clover hay. . Rotation "C" (four years' durati-on). — First year, hoed crop, manured; 2nd year, grain seeded down with clover and grass,; 3rd year, clover hay: 4th year, timothy haj' field ijloughed in August, top worked and ribbed up in October. 24 DEPARTMI.yT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V A. 1921 Eolation "D" (iliree years' duration). — First year, hoed crop; manured; 2nd year, prain, seeded down with clovers and grass; 3rd year, clover hay. Soiling Crop Botation "R" (three years' duration). — First year, corn for early fall feed, manured; 2nd year, clover hay to cut green. The records for the past year from the rotations outlined in the foregoing are given herewith. Cost, Returns, and Net Profits or Losses from Rotations, "A" "D", AND "R". 1919. Cost to Value of operate i returns per acre per acr» Profit or loss per acre I'A" (five years' duration).. .'B" (five years' duration).. /C" (four years' duration).. 'D" (three years' duration) "R" (three years' duration) 19 81 19 55 19 27 21 68 21 83 $ cts. 19 88 16 75 16 60 19 12 22 15 1 cts. 0 07 -2 80 -2 67 -2 56 0 32 summjuiy'of results of rot.^tioxs s and P I Shallow ploughing versus deep ploughing Year Rotation "S Shallow ploughing soiling and sub- Rotation "P" Deep Ploughing, Cost of operation per acre Value of crop per acre Profit per acre Cost of operation per acre Value of crop per acre Profit per acre 1904 .": $ cts. 19 89 22 88 19 35 20 13 15 84 16 65 13 67 14 24 19 47 18 13 17 96 19 02 18 83 19 38 20 10 19 92 S cts. 22 98 36 74 25 06 27 63 20 21 25 64 23 36 26 25 27 14 17 71 20 33 25 70 22 76 25 70 25 88 20 29 $ cts. 3 09 13 86 5 71 7 50 4 37 8 99 9 69 12 01 7 67 -0 42 2 37 6 68 3 93 6 32 5 78 0 37 $ cts. 19 89 22 89 19 39 20 29 16 03 17 05 14 42 14 53 19 02 17 52 17 36 18 84 18 84 19 36 20 14 19 89 $ cts. 22 98 36 89 24 93 27 41 20 34 25 80 23 60 26 72 28 99 18 34 21 12 24 35 21 55 23 29 22 84 20 71 ( cts. 3 00 1905 1906 14 00 .5 54 1907 1908 7 12 4 31 1909 8 75 1910 1911 9 18 12 19 1912 9 97 1913 0 82 1914 3 76 1915 5 51 1916 2 69 1917 3 92 1918 .. .. .. . 7 70 1919 0 82 295 46 18 47 393 38 24 59 97 92 6 12 295 48 18 47 269 86 23 12 99 28 6 20 Xew experiments are under way, the data from which will not be available to the public for several years yet. EXPERIMEXTAL FARM a 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE EEPORT OF THE DOMIXIOX HORTICULTURIST, W. T. MACODN The season of 1919 was a favourable one for fruits and vegetables on the whole at the Central Experimental Farm. One of the best crops of apples in the history of the orchard was gathered. The plum crop was also good, and the season proved particularly favourable to grapes, many varieties of which ripened. There were also good crops of small fruits such as stra;wberries, currants, gooseberries and raspberries. It was a favourable season also for vegetables, though the potato crop was not as large as in some other years. Breeding New Varieties. — The work in improving varieties of fruits was given special attention this season, strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, grapes, and hardy apples for the northwest being stressed particularly. Crosses were made among strawberries, the following parents being used both as males and females where the variety is perfect, or only as females in the case O'f their being imperfect : Bisel, Beder Wood, Early Jersey Giant, Francesca, Greenville, J. H. Cooke, Mele, Xew Globe, Parson Beauty, Poeomoke, Portia and Valeria. In raspberries the following were used as parents: Brighton, Cuthbert, Herbert, Loganberry, Xewman 23, Rubus odoratus, and St. Regis. All were selfed, and inter- crossed, reciprocals being made in every case. Breeding work in gooseberries consisted of crosses between the most promising American varieties and the best English and Grossularia varieties. Some four or five hundred crosses between R. osyaeanthoides, R. Cynosbati and Grossularia, made in the Horticultural Division at the Central Farm, fruited in 1919. From these several promising bushes have been isolated, among them being a few thornless ones bearing medium-sized fruit. These will be used for future breeding work. Freedom from mildew, combined with the size and quality of the English varieties, and the retaining of productiveness are the aims. If thornlessness can be incorporated without impairment of the other factors so much the better. As previously mentioned the work with apples was entirely for the improvement for the northwest of the existing hybrid crabs. Crosses and reciprocal crosses were made, using the best of several crosses which had already fruited, and the best hardest commercial sorts. Among the hybrid crabs, Rosilda, Redman, Lora, Printosh, were used while from the commercial sorts. Duchess, Wealthy, Mcintosh, and Dudley were selected. Promising Neiv Varieties Many of these new varieties of apples, plums and- small fruits were originated at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont. Apples. — Attention is again called to some promising varieties of apples origin- ated by this Division. Among these is Melba, which appears to be finding a place in commerce. It is a very beautiful, high quality, early apple of good size. This variety is doing well in Nova Scotia and good reports have been received of its behaviour in various parts of Canada. Resembling ilclntosh in quality and bouquet, the season of that superb variety is thus extended to August. Following ilelba in season there is Joyce, another apple of the Mcintosh class, which is finding favour. Both these varieties possess that high colour so desirable in early sorts, and this, combined with their quality, places them in the first rank of earlv sorts. 26 DEPAItTHEST OF AURICVI.TURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Niobe is a seedling of Nortlu'ni Spy and n mid-winter variety, of high quality. It is now in the hands of nurserymen, and should be on the market in large numbers in a few years. Plums. — The list of good varieties of plums which may be grown in the coldest parts of Ontario and Quebec is being gradually extended in a most encouraging manner. The Omaha and- Emerald plums, both productions of the late Theodore Williams of Nebraska, are very desirable. These are hybrids between Americana and Triflora. The Omaha is an early variety of very good size, handsome appearance and good quality. It is an excellont shipper, and the tree is hardy and a regular bearer. The Emerald is very similar to the Omaha but much later. Both varieties deserve a place in the plum orchards of Eastern Ontario and Quebec. In the Horticultural Division special attention is being paid to the improvement of the native plum, Pruniis nigra. To date, from a large numlber of seedlings of these native phims, two have been selected as worthy of name. They are Ottawa and Rideau. On acount of their extreme earliness these are particularly valuable. They come early in August long before ftiost varieties of plum are ready. They make excellent jam and jelly and are rapidly increasing in popularity on the markets, so that it is questionable whether they arc not our most profitable plum. For the past two years they have sold on the Ottawa market for from seventy-five cents to one dollar and a quarter for six-quart baskets. The opportunities contained within the species Nigra are many, and crossed with Triflora this species should give some varieties equal to the best now growii in the large fruit districts. Growers will do well to pay more attention to the improved and earliest varieties of Nigra. Small fruits.- — Portia strawberry is a new variety originated at the Central Experimental Farm, ■which has demonstrated its fitness as a canning and shipping berry of unusual merit. This variety is an imperfect sort and requires a pollinizer for which purpose Parson Beauty seems suited. Among gooseberries the Horticultural Division is introducing the variety Mabel. This berry has been outstanding in .yield, vigour, and freedom from disease. It is also large and of good quality. It is hoped to introduce this variety to the trade during the next season. ,The Kerry black currant, another Experimental Farm variety has, together with the iSaunders and Climax, been introduced to the trade. Eeports from commercial plantations of these varieties are very encouraging. A new variety of raspberries, Newman No. 23, originated by Mr. C. P. Newman, Ville la Salle, Que., which has been under test here for some few years, gives promise of great things. This variety, not yet introduced and still held under restriction, is outstanding in firmness, and therefore an excellent canner and shipper, It is of large size, good colour and is a heavy cropper. Altogether it is the most promising new commercial variety. Among early raspberries -nothing in the Horticultural Division trial plots has equalled Count or Brighton, two Experimental Farm crosses. The former of these is probably the better shipper and yielder, but both are exceptionally early and of very good quality for early sorts. They are now being multiplied on a large scale. VEGETABLES Most of the experimental work with vegetables in progress in recent years wa.? continued in 1919, and some interesting results were obtained. The breeding of new varieties of early vegetables continues to be an important part of the work, and some of those originated at the Central Experimental Farm gave a good account of them- selves. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Corn. — The early Malcolm and Sweet Squaw corn have been introduced to the trade and are finding favour in many quarters. Theee are both earlier than the Golden Bantam, and are good sorts to lengthen the season of com of high quality. The Sweet Squaw is particularly suitable for the Prairie Provinces. The Pickaninny, a dwarf black seeded variety, is still earlier than either of these other varieties, and is proving a very useful corn. Potatoes. — ^Many experiments with potatoes have been carried on in the Horti- cultural Division during the past twenty-five years, but in recent years two experi- ments have been given special attention at Ottawa. These are in regard to time of planting and source and quality of the seed. Source and Quality of Seed. — Since 1907,experiments have been in progress at Ottawa in comparing the results from seed potatoes of the same variety from various sources, from selected and unfielected tubers, from different dates of planting, from different dates of digging, and from different methods of storing in order to determine how to get the best seed. The results of this work up to 1917 were reported upon in Bulletin No. 90, "The Potato in Canada," by the writer. The last few years' experi- mental work has proved that the great differences obtained in yields of the same variety at Ottawa are not due to seed from any particular time of planting or digging, nor to methods of selection or storage, but the great differences in yield depend on whether the potatoes were grown the previous year near other potatoes with pwor tops, which poor tops had been caused by one of the obscure physiological diseases to which the plant pathologists have been paying particular attention in recent years. The following table shows the results obtained in 1919 from Central Experimental Farm Green Mountain seed which had been grown in 1918 from potatoes which had been giving very poor crops for several years as compared with stocks obtained from the cooler parts of Canada. These results, it is believed, prove that most of the differences between the yields from seed brought from the cooler parts of Canada, and seed secured at Ottawa and other places in Ontario are due to the fact that certain as yet obscure diseases are not prevalent, or do not cause material reduction in the crop, where the climate is relatively cool. Experiments in this direction are being continued. Variety Source of Seed Total Yield per acre Yield per Acre marketable Yield per Acre unmarketable Green Mountain . Green Mountain Green Mountain Green Mountain. C.E.F., Ottawa... Fredericton, N.B. Xorthem Ontario. Rimouski, P.Q — bush. 330 312 299 206 lb. 00 277 193 lb. 00 12 bush. 44 13 Dates of Planting Potatoes. — Irish Cobbler, an early variety, and Green Mountain, a medium late sort, were used. Irish Cobbler was planted May 15 and 29, and June 12 and 26, in 1915; May 14 and 27, and June 10 and 24, in 191S; May 17 and 31, and June 14 and 28, in 1919. Three years' average yields per acre of marketable potatoes were: 1st planting, 324 bushels, 42 pounds; 2ud planting, 249 bushels, 42 pounds; 3rd planting, 207 bushels, 32 pounds; 4th planting, 124 bushels, 40 pounds. Green Mountain was planted May 15 and 29, and June 12 and 26, in 1915; May 12 and 26, and June 9 and 23, in 1917; May 14 and 27, and June 10 and 24, in 1918; May 17 and 31, and June 14 and 2S, in 1919. Four years" average yields per acre of marketable potatoes were: 1st planting, 307 bushels 27 pounds; 2nd planting, 264 bushels 51 pounds; ord planting, 236 bushels 24 pounds; 4th planting, 79 bushels 45 pounds. 28 HEIWUTMHST Ol' Aillilll l.TURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 It will be seen that thero was a regular det'liue in yield from the first to the fourth dates of planting in both varieties. These results confirm those which were obtained years ago when a test was made of different dates of planting for six years ; it was found then that the highest average yields came from the earlier plantings, as has been the case at Ottawa in these later experiments. These results have been found to be true of all parts of Canada with, perhaps, the exception of the Maritime Provinces. Tomatoes. — For the past twenty years experiments have been in progress in tomato breeding. One of the cliief objects in this work was to obtain a variety which would ripen a large proportion of its crop in the early part of the season when prices were high. The Alacrity tomato, resulting from this work, has been on the market for some years. It has proven particularly valuable in the cooler parts of Canada where it is difficult to ripen a large proportion of the tomato crop. Very favourable reports were received of this variet.y in 1919. Crosses have been made to obtain, if possible, a smoother variety that would be just as early. Two of the most promising of these are Alacrity x Earlibell and Alacrity x Hipper. Peas. — ^Experiments in breeding new varieties of garden peas have been made for the purpose of obtaining more productive early varieties with large pods and peas. Some of the most promising crosses in 1919 were English Wonder x Gradus and McLean Advancer x Gradus. ^•EGET.\BLE SEED PRODCCTIOX Experiments were continued in 1919 in growing biennial vegetable seed including beets, carrots, cabbage, onions, parsnips, celery and salsify, and useful information was obtained in regard to cultural methods and storage. HOME CANNING Experimental work in canning fruits and vegetables was continued in 1919. Different varieties were compared for canning purposes and various recipes tried. Dem- onstrations were given to the public which proved very popular. A bulletin giving the results of two seasons' experimental work called, ''Preservation of Fruits and Vege- tables for Home Use," was published, and proved very useful. GREENHOUSES Experiments wore continued in the greenhouses in 1919 with the principal vege- table crops such as tomatoes, lettuce and cucumbers. A variety of tomato called Grand Rapids is very promising for the fall crop as it sets better than some of the others. Experiments in testing different varieties of head lettuce were continued, and it was found that the Early Paris gave best results. This lettuce has given the best average for three seasons, and is recommended as a non-scalding variety. There is a very fine collection of chrysanthemums at the Experimental Farm for comparison of varieties, and thousands of visitors took the opportunity of seeing these when they were in bloom. Particular attention was paid to the development of new varieties of geraniums in 1919 as in previous years. ORNAMENTAL GARDENING The ornamental grounds at the Central Experimental Farm are very attractive to the public, and there was a large number of visitors in 1919 to see the experimental work with trees and shrubs and herbaceous plants. The rose garden is of particular interest to specialists in this flower as there are many varieties under test. Fine collections of paeonies, iris, phlox and other special flowers may also be seen and the varieties compared. EXPEIilMEyTAL FARMS 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BRAXCH FARMS AND STATION'S A visit was paid to each of the Experimental Farms and Stations in 1919 by the Dominion Horticulturist, and he also visited tie sub-stations at Fort Vermilion and Bcaverlodge, in the Peace Kiver District. In this district small fruits such as rasp- berries, currants, gooseberries, and strawberries, succeed well, but tree fruits are diiBcult to grow. ilost vegetables succeeded admirably and flowers bloom in abundance. CORBESPOSDESCE Brief reference is made to the correspondence, which, however, is one of the chief features of the work and takes much time. Xotwithstanding the many agencies in Canada for disseminating information in regard to horticulture, the correspondence of the Horticultural Division steadily increases. It is felt, however, that this is very useful work, as anyone taking the trouble to write for information desires to get it and is likely to profit by it. POULTEY DIVISION REPOET OF THE DOinXIOX POULTRY HFSBAXDiEAN, F. C. ELFORD The year 1919-20 may be considered a fairly satisfactory year in poultry keeping, fpr^ though production was comparatively jwor and feed high, the demand for all kinds of poultry produce, hatching eggs and breeding stock, reached a high-water mark. The winter of 191S-19 was mild and resulted in a comparatively high egg pro- duction, but the following spring was cold and backward and the hatching corre- spondingly late and unsatisfactory. The pullets being late were not matured in the fall and the past winter was very cold and the egg yield low. The supply of new laid eggs was so far below the average that dealers complained that the receipts were very much smaller than they had expected. Coupled with the low production was the continued high price of feed, all of which made production somewhat discouraging. On the other hand, the prices for eggs have been high. In some cities, new laids brought as much as $1.25 a dozen and even $1.50 was paid in exceptional cases. The demand for stock has also been good. The high prices in general have induced many persons to go into the poultry business, including a large number of returned soldiers. The city poultry keeper who kept a few hens in his back-yard during the war found that it paid, and he is stiU continuing to produce new laid eggs for his own table. The war has eliminated a good many of the nondescript poultry keepers, and also the mongrel hens, and this has helped to put the poultry business on a better basis. Commercial poultry keeping is increasing, and those who are engaged in it in a large way are proving that it is a sound financial proposition, if handled as any business should be handled. Therefore, though production was light and feed high, there was a ready sale for everything that was produced, and those engaged in poultry production as a business, a side-line or a hobby, have found that when proper methods were employed the results for the past year were satisfactory. 30 DEPARTMEyr OF AGRICCLTORE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 GENERAL WORK OF TUE DIVISION The work of the Poultry Division has continued to grow. .At the end of the year the list of Farms conducting a poultry plant is as follows. The list includes the number of females and varieties of birds at each plant at the end of January, 1&20 : — Station Barred Plymouth Rocks White Wyan- dottes White I/eghorns R. I. Reds Buff Orping- tons Total 169 119 334 94 lis 136 131 139 141 206 183 69 129 37 113 155 361 232 Cap Rouge, P.Q 334 Charlottetown, P.E.I . 317 35 411 74 30 142 106 110 16 243 166 276 Kentvillp, N.S ^ 245 94 345 Lennoxville, P.Q 206 53 16 236 95 180 129 .Sidney, B.C 261 21 70 225 57 261 Scott, Sask 142 84 56 219 Ste. -Ajine de la Pocatiere, P.Q 154 225 Ottawa, Ont i92 315 564 Totals 2,389 1,315 917 110 56 4,787 There are also a number of turkeys at Ottawa, Lethbridge, and Invermere, and geese and ducks at Ottawa and Kentville. The demand for bred-to-lay cockerels from pedigree stock has been much larger than the supply. Breeding eggs are supplied in limited quantities, and more incuba- tion space has been added to the equipment at a number of the Stations in order to supply day-old chicks to some of those who are so situated that they cannot hatch their own chicks early enough. After several years' experimentation and observation, it must be admitted that there are sections in Canada where it does not seem practicable to attempt to hatch early chicks, and this applies to farmers as well as to others. The only way for poultry- men in such districts to secure winter egg production is to be able to purchase at a reasonable price, from a reliable source, early hatched day-old chicks. At the present time this supply is not available, and until such chicks can be purchased through other sources, this division is endeavouring to help by supplying a part of this demand. Most of the Branch Farm poultry plants are now developing pedigreed stock and have reached a high average production and some record yields. This is particularly the case with Sidney, Vancouver island, and Indian Head, Sask., where good averages and high individual records have been obtained. A number of other Stations have done well, and though no exceptional individual records have been obtained, high averages have been secured at Agassiz, Lethbridge, Lacombe, Brandon, Lennoxville, and Kentville, which speak well for stock and management. INVESTIGATIONAL AND EXPERIMENT.\.L WORK The breeding for higher egg production under the supervision of Mr. George Robertson has been receiving attention throughout the whole system. More detail of this will be given in later paragraphs. Poultry houses have received continued consideration. The results from the straw-loft farmers' house are still satisfactory. At the present time this house is EXPERIilEyTAL FARMS 3i SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 providing the very best of conditions and is, in most locations, the one which is recom- mended for the accommodation for (fne hundred or more birds. The work on turkeys and waterfowl which, for several years, has not been emphasized, is being taken up again, and it is expected that further investigation on the diseases and breeding of turkeys and waterfowl will be conducted. Considerable data have been secured on feeds and feeding, in coimection with all ages of birds, various rations for chicks, electric light for egg production, pituitary substance as a stimulant, etc. Work on incubation and brooding has been continued and further investigations on diseases carried on. BREEDING AND PEDIGREE WORK Pedigree breeding work has been carried on at the Central Farm for years. It is intended gradually to extend this work until it is conducted on every Farm of the entire system. The ultimate aim is to produce heavy laying strains from the leading varieties of fowl, always keeping in mind standard qualities. Unfortunately, at the start, owing to limited accommodation, progress was not as rapid as could be wished, so instead of working on the two, it was deemed advisable to overlook the standard qualifications and devote attention entirely to laying qualities. This year, with a view of getting started on standard lines, about sixty exhibition bred White Leghorn pullets are being carried over, and it is hoped that enough heavy producers may be secured to give a foundation for a new line. To carry on pedigree breeding each bird is leg banded, the band being stamped with the number representing the individual bird and letters are used to indicate the yenr, thus: A-1, B-1, C-1. This would indicate that A-1 was hatched a year before B-1, and B-1 a year before C-1. Trap-nests are used, and when a hen enters the nest to lay she is " trapped" until the attendant takes her out of the nest, notes the number of her leg band and marks it on the egg. Each hen is credited with every egg she lays, and in the breeding season records are kept of the eggs set and the chicks hatched. On the 18th day of incubation the eggs are put into covered wire baskets, a separate compartment for each hen's eggs so that when the chicks are* hatched, the breeding of each individual chick is traceable by reference to the records. The chicks are then leg banded with small bands, which in about three weeks are taken from the legs. Slits are then made in the wings where the bands are inserted and sealed. These wing bands remain on the birds throughout life so that in case the adult leg bands, which are put on when the birds go into winter quarters, are lost, these wing bands will identify the birds. For the recording of the work, various forms are used, viz., Monthly Egg Eecords, Mating, Hatching and Chick Eecords. These all lead up to, and are incorporated in, the Egg and Breeding Records, on the reverse side of which is given the pedigree and photographic record, so that this latter form contains all the required information of the individual bird. While progress is of necessity slow, considerable advancement is being made. For instance there was a strong feeling that high egg laying records could not be made in the Prairie Provinces owing to the severity of the weather. It has been demon- strated that this is not so. At the Indian Head Farm some good records have been made. One White Wyandotte pullet, "Prairie Queen," laid' 259 eggs in a year. At the Lethbridge Farm where Barred Plymouth Eocks are kept, there have been very high averages and there will he some good individual records made this year. The most noteworthy pedigreed records to date are those made at the Experimental Station at Sidney, Vancouver island, where the White Wyandotte, "Island Queen," with a record of 261 eggs in her pullet year, has produced the following sis daughters that have given good records: "Island Princess," 274 eggs, "Princess Victoria," 300 eggs, " Princess Eoyal," 291 eggs, " Princess Ena," 243 eggs, " Princess Alice," 201 eggs; and "Princess Mary," 214 eggs.* The average production for the six sisters 32 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICLLTUEF. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 was 254 eggs. As " Princess Victoria " is the first 300-egg hen produced on the E.xperimental Farm System her egg record is giverl in full to illustrate her performance throughout the year. Space will not permit going fully into the detail? of the breeding work, but on application to this division, it will be gladly furnished. Variety— White Wyandotte. H.^tched — .\pru. 28, 1918. Chick Band Xo. 86. Out or Matlvo B-2. -Vdult Band No. 279. Date 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 4 J 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 7 i 8 1 9 10 " i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 u 12 13 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 15 16 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 N ] i 1 18 i 1 1 1 1 B 1 1 1 1 19 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 1 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 23 24 O 25 1 i 1 1 1 1 i 26 N 27 28 29 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 30 31 1 1 1 1 1 Totals Xovember. . December. . January February. . . March April May June July 23 24 23 24 94 28 28 19 75 30 28 August 25 83 September. . October Total 1 i 26 22 48 300 Body Weight 5 lb. 5 oz. Egg Colour, Tinted. Egg Weight 25 oz. B-Broody. N. On Nest. DISE.\SE EXTESTIGATIOX. The work undertaken by Dr. A. B. Wickware in relation to poultry diseases is progressing favourably. Experiments are being conducted on avian tuberculosis, to determine, if possible, its exact relation to the types of this disease to be found in the domesticated animals. These are in the nature of sensitization experiments which will be reported on later. The life-history of certain parasites and mites such as those causing scaly leg is being worked out. A flock is being kept under observation at the Biological Laboratory. The study of the life-history of these poultry parasites involves the length of time necesary for the infection to show up in contact fowls, the degree of infection and the longevity of the parasites in infected quarters. Study and experiments are also being conducted on chicken-pox to determine the efficiency of different vaccines in the treatment and prevention of pox, canker, roup, etc. A collection of internal worms such as tape-woi-nis, round worms, etc., is being made to determine the particular species of worm found in Canada and the locality peculiar to certain types. The problems to which attention is directed and concerning which more work is contemplated may be summed up as follows. — (1) A complete study of the conditions known as contagious epithelioma or chicken-pox, roup, canker, swelled head, etc. These affections which are now considered to be only different manifestations of one and the same disease are very prevalent throughout Canada and occasion serious losses not only by a large mortality rate but by decreased egg production in slightly affected fowls. (2) Le^ weakness or transient paralysis of fowls, which is also very common and usually affects the best layers thus reducing the egg yield to a minimum. (3) Tuberculosis of fowls, which annually accounts for large numbers of death.- and for the eradication of which comparatively nothing is being done. This disorder is EXPEiayKSTM, rmus 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 prevalent throughout Eastern Canada and from the numerous inquiries received appears to be firmly established in all the Prairie Provinces. (4) Parasitic infections, including internal and external parasites. A complete survey, relating to distribution, life histories, etc., is urgently required. (5) Entero-Hepatitis or blackhead in turkeys. This disease is making big inroads and rapidly depleting the flocks at present in Canada. So far, no progress has been made in combating this affection and comparatively little is known as to the cause, means of transmission, etc. This list might be largely supplemented by chick diseases, keel in ducks, etc., but only a few of the disorders of mature fowls are herewith tabulated. CHEMICAL IXVESTIG.\TI0N in March, 1019, Mr. R. L. Don-ance, of the Chemistry Division, was detailed by the l>ominion Chemist to devote his time to chemical research for this division. Mammoth Incubator. — At that time, a 10,000-egg mammoth incubator which had recently been installed was not giving satisfactory results, and this was the first subject of investigation. It was suggested that the fault lay in lack of ventilation in the cellar, the exhausted air from the machine remaining in the cellar, and being drawn into the machine causing such a concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the machine, that the developing embryos were smothered. A number of determinations of the moisture and carbon dioxide content of the air in the incubator were made, and these compared with the results of readings made on a 150-egg Cypher's and a 400-egg Buck- eye. These two incubators, both of which were giving satisfactory results at the time the test was made, are lamp machines, the former being a hot-air machine and tho latter a hot-water machine. The results of these determinations as well as a short resume of work done by previous investigators was reported at the close of the incubating season. The average moisture content of the 10,000-egg machine was found to be 0.602 per cent as compared with 0.910 per cent in the 150-egg Cypher's ami 0.896 per cent in the 400-egg Buckeye. The average carbon dioxide content was 0.266 per cent in the 10,000-egg incubator while in the 150-egg Cypher's it was 0.253 per cent and 0.206 per cent in the 400-egg Buckeye. The air in the room was found to have a moisture content almost indenticul with that of the 10,000-egg machine and a lower carbon dioxide content, 0.192 per cent. Basing a conclusion on these data, it would seem that the poor results from the 10,000-egg machine were due not to an excess of carbon dioxide but possibly to a low humidity. The results obtained from the investigation, from a study of the works of previous investigators and from the experience of the average poultryman showed quite clearly that there was a great need for further work on this subject. To that end, an experimental incubator was designed and built. l^ags. — A start was made on the physical and chemical characteristics of eggs. Up to date about 150 eggs have been measured and weighed, their columns calculated and the specific gravity determined. One dozen eggs from each of the breeds kept by this division, viz.. Barred Plymouth Eocks, White Leghorns and White Wyandottes, were analysed to determine if there is any chemical and hence nutritional difference in the eggs of the different breeds. The results showed little or no difference. It seems quite probable that there is as much difference in eggs from individual hens of the same breed as in the average of a number of eggs from hens of different breeds. The average physical characteristics and chemical composition of hen's eggs were found to l>e as follows : — • PHTSIC.VL CH-VRlCTEniSTICS. Lengtli 5.33 cms. Per cent shell.. .. ' 14.ni Breadth 4.02 cms. " white 33.59 Whisht in air Sl.TflOl grms. •• yolk 32.40 Sp. Gr 1.079 Yolk Kdible Portion Per cent Per cent Per cent ■ S9.«2 4S.&6 73. SI 931 17.16 12.64 n.2S 32.22 12.31 0.49 l.GG 0.92 99.70 ■ 99 . 70 99.65 34 nf:PAifTMK\T OF iafiicvi.ri'nr. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Chemical Composition of Hen's Eggs. Shell or refuse. . ■ 14 .01 pe^r cent. Moisture . 63.47 " Protein ... 10..S7 Fat .. i6..t9 Ash . . 0 . 80 99.74 per cent. Chemical Composition of 'White, Yoi.k .vnd Edible Portion of laocs. Composition of 'V\liite Moisture Protein Fat Ash . . . . Chicle Feeding. — ^Duriii.s the iiionth> of July :ind August some experimental work in chick feeding wns carried, on. Twelve pens each comprising 44 chicks, a.? nearly alike as possible, were fed on different rations for five weeks. Pen No. 1, fed wholly on cracked grain as a scratch feed and ground grains as a mash with water to drink, made' the lowest gain, 1-67 ounces, and suffered the highest mortality, 31. in the five-week period. Pen l^o. 11, fed on cracked grain in the litter for scratch feed and a mash consisting of ground grain to which boiled egg and meat meal were added with a supply of green feed and milk to drink, made the best gain, 5-85 ounces, and thirty-five birds were alive at the end of the test. A study of the results from the different pens showed that eggs, meat meal and greens are essential for proper vitality and development, and of these, eggs played a ver.v prominent part. Further chemical research work is being conducted on incubation, brooding, feeds, nutrition, the value of eggs and poultry in the diet, etc.. the results of which will be reported as the work progresses. EXTENSION WORK tJnder this department comes such work as " Exhibitions,'' " The Farm Egg and Poultry Accomit," " Survey Work," " Judging," " Institute Work," and the work conducted by the poultry inspector for the Maritime Provinces. Exhibitions. — During the year the Poultry Division has contributed to all the exhibits made by the Extension and Publicity Division throughout the Dominion, and in addition to this, a special poultry exhibit imder the supervision of Mr. W. T. Scott, covered a circuit of eleven fairs in Ontario during November, December, and January. The exhibit was an arrangement of coloured transparencies of different varieties of fowl, poultry houses, etc., with appropriate legends, a number of models of the best type of house or farm or back-yard and a good disjilay of feeds in glass frames. A representative trio of live fowl of the most popular utility breeds was included, with their distinctive merits plainly lettered on the coops. The exhibit has been received with great enthusiasm by the officials of the local associations and the general public. The interest sho\vn and the apparent desire for information have been gratifying, and a number of letters of coijgratulation have been received by the division, and many requests for the return of the exhibit at some future date. There is no better method than this of getting in direct touch with the right person. In some instances, where advice is sought, the work has been followed up by a visit to the farm of. the applicant and practical help and advice given. EXPERUIEyTlL FARM!^ 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 i Farm Egg and Poultry Account. — This is a simple form for the purpose of supplying a convenient method of keeping accounts in the poultry plant. One of the troubles in poultry keeping is the lack of business methods. Few- pretend to keep any accounts of the exi)enditures and receipt*, and as a result, poultry profits are more or less in doubt. To offer a simple method of keeping accoimts and to prove that a well managed flock is a paying investment, these account forms were distributed to th<)se who would return a copy each month. The advantage is mutual. Better methods have been adopted. Figures as to profit and loss are available. The Division obtained a good deal of useful information as to markets, feeds generally available, prices, and the outlook in the locality for the poultry industry. In return the farmer received the free blank forms, seasonable advice and replies to questions on feed and management. The popularity and usefulness of the work were evident by the number of requests for the blanks, and though there is a good deal of correspondence and tabulating -work involved, it is considered of great value to the correspondent and to the Division. The information given in the following table as well as other data, was extracted from the reports sent in: — Section-al A%-eraces per Farm, Feed, etc. Province or Provmces Average number of hens per farm Average | Average cost of i profit over feed and ; expenditure appliances per hen per hen Percentage of farms profitable Quebec Maritime Provinces. Ontario .'. Prairie Provinces. British Columbia. Average 52-9 34-8 38-9 54-6 S3-6 $2-46 3-48 2-32 2-55 3-75 52-9 2-91 $2-30 11-92 1-63 2-82 1-54 204 820 82-3 82-6 880 87-5 ' The most pleasing feature of the table is that the great majority of thq flocks show a profit, and that the profits are substantial, considering the outlay. Survey Worl: — Mr. E. Dumaine has continued the work started in Quebec from the Experimental Farms, and in addition to this he has acted as Inspector over similar work conducted at four centres by the Provincial Department. This inspection requires a visit to 115 competitors once every three months. He has also attended a large number of institute meetings and has assisted at the short courses conducl^d in that province. During the show season he also judged poultry at a number of fairs. At the request of the Provincial Department he organized the. first poultry association in lower Quebec. This association had its first poultry show at Ste. Anne de la Poeatiere, March 21. where nearly three huildred birds were exhibited. The demand for his services in the province has been such that the bulk of his time is taken up at this work and even tlien he ciinnot fill all the requests for assist- ance. Inspectioit. — Something similar to the survey work conducted among the farmers surrounding the Experimental Stations in Quebec was the inspection work this year started in the ifaritime Provinces by ilr. .1. G .Morgan. 16—3} 36 m:i'ARriti:\T ni- ACRtcvi/ruRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 111 addition to the survey work from the Experimental Farms, his duties ineUnl assistance and advice to 'tlie poultrymen in charge of the work at the Farms, demon- strations and lectures at the Farms, speaking at Institute meetings, judging and demonstrating at fairs, the inspection of the laying coutes'ts conducted by the Experi- mental Farms at Charlottetown, Nappan, and Cap Kouge, and tlie insi)ection of th.' contest at Truro under tlie inanagemefft of the Provincial Department of Xova J^ootia. ECG LAYING CWNTESTS AND REO'RD OK PKIIFOR M ANTE The establishment of a Record of Performance for poultry whicli was instituted from the first of November, 1919, marks an advanced step in jwultry keeping. At- the present time. Record of Performance is divided into two sections. Section A and Section A A. Section A is the inspection of trap-nested flocks on the farmers' awn premises, which comes under the supervision of the Poultry Division of the Liv>' Stock Branch. Section AA is the trap-nesting of the birds in laying contests which are conducted by this Division. The egg-laying contests conducted in 1010-20, with the number of birds ami thi locality, is given in the following table: — Eog-Latixg Contests, 1919-20. Name No. Birds Location 500 Ottawa 200 Nappan 190 Indian Head 120 Lethbridge This work has created consideralble interest, and with the adoption of registration Record of Performance will be an established medium which will do away with tho uncertainty of individual records, and will make it possible for the buyer to know what he is paying for. BULLETLSS .O'D CORllESPONDLNCE A number of the esliibition circulars are being re-written, one new bulleti.i, Xo. 91, ■' Poultry Feeds and Feeding," by George Robertson, was published during^ the year. Bulletin No. ST, on " Poultry House Construction,"' is exhausted and is bcin^ le-wi-itten. The demand for poultry literature has considerably increased during the last year or two, as hag also the correspondence. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 TOBACCO DIVISION REPORT OF THE CHIEE OFFICER, F. CHARLAK The growing season of 1919 was notable for a period of drouth lasting fronj early in June until the middle of July. During this time the temperature was high, which brought on 'the seedlings rapidly and gave a supply ready for transplanting at an early date but the drouth made the work in ti-ansplantiug very difficult. Growth was slow during the dry period and the plantations did not commence to grow vigorously until the end of July. The yields, however, were a good average in Ontario but in Quebec they were below the normal. The high price paid for the 1918 crop led to an increased area being planted with tobacco both in Quebec and Ontario. The harvest iu Quebec was one of the greatest obtained up to the present, especially in the districts iioi'th of the St. Lawrence. Iu Ontario a notable increase in the area planted to yellow flue-cured tobacco was noted, and especially an increase in the area under "White Burley. In 1918 the hurley harvest was estimated to be about seven million pounds, while in 1919 it rose to about twelve million pounds. The prices paid for Canadian tobacco, especially Ontario grown, in the course the fall of 1910 were the highest ever yet obtained. The average price of good quality hurley was 40 cents per pound, while the price paid for yellow flue-cured tobacco was about 60 cents per pound. Certain lots of Comstoek Spanish grown in the province of Quebec were sold at 50 cents per pound but this price was not paid for a great deal of the crop. While tlie Ontario tobaccos were absorbed by the market very rapidly, in the coursfe of a very fev.- days, the tobaccos grown in Quebec were bought much more carefully and slowly and during the winter no buyers were found willing to offei 40 cents per pound, although the demand of manufacturers for C-anadian binders was still far from being satisfied. This can only be explained by the fact that many plantations of Comstoek Spanish did not reach a sufficient development to furnish j good proportion of leaves suitable for wrappers. The buyers also felt that the area planted to tobacco had been so increased last year that they would have no difficulty in getting the quanti'ty they required. The curing of the crop of 1919 was carried out under very favourable conditions both in Ontario and Quebec. Speaking generally, the colour of the burley was brighter than in 1918 or 1917. The Quebec harvest contained a much smaller per- centage of mildew than has been usual so that, although the produce was a little lacking in development, one may say that the crop as cured was in the best condition of anything produced for many years in that section of Canada. EXPERIMENT.er 15th. For the first time there was obtained from a selection of Cuban grown in Canada a satisfactory weight of crop. The average shows good plots going above 1,600 pounds per acre. As to the Brazil, which was especially studied with a view to the production of aromatic plant, the yield was less encouraging, scarcely coming up to 1,150 pounds per acre. The Tamaska Xo. 1095-4 gave 1.400 pounds. The Yamaska Xo.*'2011 gave over 1,600 pounds. Under these conditions the growing of the last-named might prove jirofitable, in spite of the fact that the proportion of leaves large enough for wrappers is not as great as in the case of the Comstock Spanish. The great difficulty found with the Yamaska on the plantation is the frag-ility of the leaf and its rapidity of ripen- ing. This latter feature makes it necessary to gather the crop very quickly if loss is 10 be avoided. 40 /)/;/'.iA'7 1//. \T '//• AanicruruK 11 GEORGE V. A, 1921 Tests of L'ommercuil Fi rliJhers. A very complete test of commercial fertilizers was carried on in 1919, covorin;; 30 plots. These had been manured in the autumn of 1918 at the rate of eight or nine tons per acre. On the plots, besides the commercial fertilizers generally employed, the tobacco grower tried ground bone, linseed meal, cotton-seed meal, fish scrap and tobacco stems. Twelve of the plots were treated with ground limestone, slack-lime and quick- lime. In every case the use of the fertilizer showed a profit. The lime, taken altogether, did not show the results wc had expected. .Tobacco Diseases. The effort to control and eradicate the root rot in tobacco (Thielavla Basicola) undertaken under the direction of the Tobacco Division was continued, and up to the present, the disinfection of the soil of the seed beds, either by steam or formalin, and th adoption of rotations not including plant* on the roots of which the Thiehvia basicola can flourish, are the only methods which have been found effective. It is hoped to publish shortly the results of the experiments carried on during the last four years in this direction. As to mosaic, as well as to tobacco root rot, certain varieties have shown them- selves particularly resistant, while others have been shown themselves especially liable to it. This seems to indicate the possibility of isolating strains of tobacco resi.s- tnnt to the disease. At any rate, an attempt will be made in this direction. The work of selection of a type or types of White Burley resistant to root rot mad'.' good progress during the year. On the Harrow Station we were able to isolate, in using seed furnished by Mr. Johnson, of the Experimental Station of Wisconsin, a strain of White Burley Resistant which gave a yield equal to that of the ordinary Burley Broad Leaf. It also seems that there is good hope of obtaining the same re«nlt with a White Burley cross coming from a cross of White Burley with a variety of tobacco naturally resistant to this disease. Co-operative Worh u-ith Fertilizeis This work carried on in co-operation with a certain number of Ontario tobacco growers was continued in 1919. It has been found to be one of the best means of teaching the method of using commercial fertilizers. In every case the result.s have been most favourable. The weight of the crop has been considerably increased and also the money yield therefrom. f This co-operative work was conducted on a still wider basis by the Superintendent of the Farnham Tobacco Station and the same favourable results were obtained. It is hoped to publish the results of this work in the near future. A test of lime was carried out on an acid soil but it did not give the results expected. One might have hoped at least on a soil rich in humus for a marked increase in weight of crop and better development of the plant, but neither result was obtained in 1910. The study of tobacco soils in Canada was continued as far as time would permit. Trom the work so far done it is now hoped to be able to judge fairly closely the kind of soil best suited to each of the types of tobacco grown in Canada. The examination of the soils of Norfolk, Out., indicates that this district is sure to become a very important tobacco growing centre which will be able to specialize in the production of yellow flue-cured tobacco of the Virginia type. As in previous years the Tobacco Division gathered statistics as to the total crop grown in Ontario. The production of Yellow Virginia type amounted to some one million five hundred thousand pounds and about ten million of White Burlej- was grown. KXPEHIMKXTAL FARHS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 CEXTCAI. EXPERIMEXTAI, F.VRM, OTTAWA The experimental area at the Ctentral Farm was devoted in 1919 to the production of seed of Comstock Spanish, Canelle, and Little Havana. A special endeavour waf made to prepare for the expected increase in demand for seed of Comstock Spanish, owing to the high price paid for tobacco of this variety during the preceding year. The harvest of seed -svas good as a whole, in spite of the fact that growth had been considerably held back by the drouth and cold nights of the month of June. WAREHOUSE As heretofore the tobaccos grown on the Quebec Farm and the Central Farm were all treated in the warehouse at Ottawa. Some difficulty was experienced owing to lack of help but the work was carried on without special incident. The fermenta- tion of Tamaska of Farnham was particularly successful. The Brazil did not give quite so good results. The curing of these tobaccos was unsatisfactory and their fermentation was difficult. It is very likely that this arose from the presence of ii disease affecting the leaf tissues but which had not been noticed during the growing DIVISION OF BEES REPORT OF THE API.VRIST, F. W. L. SLADEX The work of the Bee Division during the year may be divided into (1) General Work, (2) Special Experiments. Under General Work is included the maintenance of the Central Farm apiary at Ottawa, a summer out-apiary in connection therewith, and apiaries at fifteen of the Branch Farms; correspondence; interviewing and giving advice to visitors; cooperative exjjeriments with private beekeepers in certain little-known and promising localities; the issue of press articles on timely subjects giving the results of experi- ments; exhibition work, etc. The season of 1919 was favourable for the production of clover honey at the Central Experimental Farm, where from 3S colonies there was an average production of 200 pounds to the colony, bringing the annual average production per colony during the last seven years up to ICi pounds. Lethbridge produced an equivalent of 213 pounds to the colony, mainly from alfalfa, bringing the average annual production for the past six years up to 99 pounds. Other Branch Farms that scored high yields in 1919 were Invermere, B.C., 12'7 pounds to the colony; Kentville, X.S., 122 pounds to the colony; and Sidney, B.C., 109 pounds to the colony. Under Special Experiments are included several promising lines of investigation that have been singled out for progressive work. 1. Management experiments; particularly the study of methods of (o) reducing the labour incidental to controlling swarming, and (b) increasing honey production by utilizing the very favourable conditions for breeding up in the spring in many parts of Canada (particularly at Ottawa, where the chief experiments were carried on). A system of management that was devised in 1918 was tested and further developed and was found to reduce labour and increase the number of bees raised to work on the clover so that a larger return of honey was obtained per colony with less labour than by the methods generally employed. 42 DI-:i'.\KTMi:\T OF XaniCILTVlitT 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 2. A brpcding exix>rimeiit. In July, queens and drones were taken in sixteen nuclei to Duek island, at the eastern end of lake Ontario, whore complete isolation for mating purposes was found to exist. The results have bc^n of considerable scientific interest and have indicated that this is likely to be a satisfactory place for studying isolated matins which appeiirs to be essential for the maintenance of any definite work in breeding bees for improvement. 3. Investigation of northern conditions at the Experimental Station at Kapus- kflsing, Ont. As a result of preliminary experiments with bees at Kapuskasing mado by the writer during Julv. 1!>18, two colonies were sent there from Ottawa early in August, 1919. When visited on September 11 and 12, it was found that they were doirig very well, having gathered a large quantity of honey from alsike and white clover, fireweed, and Aster macropJit/Uus. Plans were made for extending the bee experi- ment work here. 4. An experiment to ascertain the actual value of honey bees iu the production of apples in Nova Scotia has been undertaken at the Experimental Station at Kent- ville. By request, an address was given on this subject at the Annual Convention of the Xova Scotia Fruit Growers' Association, held at Kcntvillc in .lanuary. DIVISION OF ECONOMIC FIBRE PRODUCTION REPORT OF THE FIHKE SPECIALIST. ]{. J. Hl'TCIITMSOX Owing to the necessity of devoting a very large proiX)rtion of time to the pro- duction of " pure line seed " in a commercial way, the division found it impossible to proceed with much of its usual work. Variety Tests. — During the year a total of eleven acres, including seven varieties of seed, were tested at the Central Experimental Farm.- Th following table will show the average yield ixr acre of scutched fibre: — Variety of seed Germina- tion of seed Yield of scutched fibre Long Stem Ontario Dutch Child. ... Imported Dutch Indian Head Long 8tciii . lapancse Siberian Dutch White Flowering. Imported English 1-10 of an acre l-IO of an acre l-IO of an acre 1-10 of an acre 1-10 of an acre 1-10 of an acre 1-10 of an acre ■468 pounds 344 pounds 4065 pounds 204 pounds 307 pounds 3G4 pounds 214 pounds No. 3 No. 3 No. 1 No. 4 No. 2 No. 1 ■ No. 5 From the striking uniformity of the flax straw produced from each of the pure line seeds as compared with that grown from any of the commercial varieties, and from the results of the trials, it is certainly evident that the flax crop can be greatly improved, throug'li the propagation of pure line seed from selected plants. Flax Tests. — Approximately nineteen acres of flax in plots ranging from one- tenth to one acre in size, were grown in ditlerent districts throughout Canada. Owing to the dry spell, during the growing season, the flax was so extremely short as to render it useless for scutching purposes. EXPERlHEyTAL FARMS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Prairie Flax Si rati: — The experiments to determine the possibilities of recovering and utilizing the straw from flax grown for seed production have been completed. The fibre obtained was chemically treated in specially prepared vats by a fermen- tative process, which required only a few hours. After thus being treated the fibre was shipped to Doon Twines, Limited, Kitchener, Out., where it was carded and manu- factured into binder twine. The twine has not been tested sufficiently under field conditions to justify a pro- nounced statement. It was approximately two lea yarn, twisted four-ply, running about 650 feet to the pound. Commercial twine and rope were also made, but no conclusions reerarding their value have been established. The waste material from the carding operations was found useful for felting purposes, and when mixed with 20 per cent of cow hair, it can be used for insulation. The binder twine was manufactured at a cost of approximately 131 cents per pound and the commercial twines at 20J cents per jKiund. Seed Inspection. — In order to safeguard the export trade to Ireland, through tho maintenance of a uniform standard of high quality seed, the Federal Department of Agriculture made provision for an inspection and grading service for the flax seed crop of 1919. It may be expected that for years to come Ontario seed will come into keen competition with Japanese, Dutch and Eussian seeds, and unless Ontario can insure the Irish trade with the quality of seed that will compare at least favour- ably with that from other countries mentioned, it will be much handicapped in maintaining a market. Flax Scutching. — ^Bad scutching not only lowers the value of the flax, but increases the output of tow. The whole aim in flax production is to obtain a maximum of flax fibre with a minimum of tow. A new method of flax scutching which has been put into operation, and which is suitable for Canadian conditions, is for the scutchers to work in pairs at adjoining stocks. One is the learner doing the rough scutching (which is called buffing) and then passing the head of flax to the skilled worker, who completes the final cleaning. Grading. — The system of flax grading, which was started in the year 191S is working very satisfactorily. Flax Pulling Machines. — Several commercial flax pulling machines have been made of different designs. At least one machine of Canadian invention, of the belt pulling type, has been proven in various trials to be a commercial success. With the approval of the Director, Experimental Farms, ten weeks were spent in various parts of the flax growing districts in Ireland to investigate the seed and fibre market. DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY KEPOET OF THE DOMINIOX CHEMIST, FEAXK T. SHUTT, M.A., D.Sc. F.I.C. EDUCATIONAL AND AmiSORY WORK It may be regarded as an encouraging and hopeful sign for the future of Canadian agriculture that our fai'mers year by year in increasing numbers are educating them- selves in the principles which underlie economic and rational farming. One means of so doing is by taking advantage of the offer of information and advice, in matters in which the science of chemistry can render assistance — in the treatment of various 44 PLI'MnMi:\T or acricvltirk 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 types of soils, in the caro and use of manure, in the application of fertilizer.-;, in the economic employment of fodders and commercial feeding stuffs, in the preparation of insecticides and fungicides and in many other and closely allied every-day practical problems of the farm. The policy of constituting the division a bureau of information in respect to what might be termed the " chemistry of the farm," inaugurated in the very earliest days of the history of the Experimental Farm System, has proven one of great practical service. It has been continued and developed with increasing ini|)ortance and value to the country. It received an impetus in the early months of the late war from the institution of the special campaign for the greater production of food stuffs, and the wider interest that spread throughout the Dominion in matters pertaining to better and more profitable farming practice has not materially diminished in these later days of peace. This branch of our work — the correspondence — therefore becomes year by year more important, entailing more and more thought and labour and consuming more time, but we feel that it is one which in the present stage of our agricultural history and development must be regarded as an impKsrtant phase of our activities, acc-m- plishing much for the present and still more for the future. SAMPLES RECERED FOR ANALYSIS The total number of samples received for analysis during the past year was 7,643. These samples, for the most part, fall into four large groups: (1) samples collected in connection with the investigations carried on by the division ; (2) samples sent in by fanners for examination as to nature, value, etc.; (3) samples submitted by the Meat and Canned Foods Division of the Health of Animals Branch ; and (4) samples of flour forwarded for analysis as to moisture content by the Wheat Export Company (agents of the Allied Governments) and the Canadian Wheat Board. A more detailed classification of these samples is submitted in the subjoined tabic: Samples KECEnEo for Examinawok and Report dubixg the Twelve Months entoixg March 31, 1920. Samples B s o O 5 1 <: 1 1 a: 1 c .2 1 i 2 ■ > 0 2 ■3 S Total Soils 45 1 13 13 611 16 5 63 2 19 367 179 56 5 43 60 25 8 5 18 18 6 1 5 1 802 14 Manures and naturalb'-occurring fcr- 1 9 23 1 11 25 1 9 106 Feeding stuffs and fodders, includ- ing forage plants, seeds, etc Waters, including rain and snow Samples from Meat and Canned 497 280 1,809 Miscellaneous, including dairy pro- ducts, fungicides, insecticides, etc. 12 9 18 8 114 '44 3 6 3 219 3.916 7,643 EXPKiiniEyrAi. fi/m/.s 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 i;\AM!XATll>.\' or SOILS FOn TAinlEUS Soil samples, in considerable numbers, have been sent in by fai-mers from many widely distant points in the Dominion. Without submitting these to complete analysis, which, in the majority of instances, would be quite unnecessary, a sufficiency of chemical and physical work is done upon them to determine their nature and condition to permit of a report of a suggestive and helpful character as to their treatment. The chief points upon which information is furnished in connection with this work ai-e drainage, cultivation, manures and fertilizers, liming, alkali content and suitable crops. As certain information respecting present drainage, the history of the soil as to past cropping and manuring, etc., is necessary to the satisfactoi-y interpretation of our results, a special " form " giving directions as to the collection of the sample and containing questions to be answered by the sender on the above mentioned matters, is issued. The form is obtainable free upon application to 'the Division. IXVESTIGATIOXAL WOUK WITH FERTILIZERS Experimental work with fertilizers has been carried on during the season of 1919, on the Farms and Stations of the System, as follows: Charlottetown, P.E.I., Kent- ville, N.S., Fredericton, N.B., Cap Kouge, Que., Ottawa, Ont., Brandon, Man., Indian Head, Sask., Lacombe, Alta., Invermere and Summerland, B.C. Experiment Plan " E". — The details of this plan were given in our refwrt of last year; it may therefore be only necessary to state that this scheme has for its primary object the determination of the most profitable combination and quantity of a ferti- lizer mLxture throughout a three-year-crop rotation consisting of: 1st year, hoed crop; :2nd yeiir, grain ; 3rd year, hay. This e-xperiment is of a comprehensive character, permitting the study of the influence of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, as furnished by fertilizer materials, separately and in several combinations and proportions. It also includes the applica- tion of barnyard manure, alone and with fextilizers, and the effect of liming. The plan calls for from 60 to 75 plots and was commenced in 1918 at Charlottetown, P.E.I., Kentville, N.S., Frederieton, N.B., Cap Eouge. Que., and Agassiz, B.C. The season of 1919 constitutes the second in the rotation. Any detailed statement of the results of the season obtained at the several points of experiment would be too voluminous for this report and, further, general deductions must be left ujitil the rotation is completed, but certain inferences at this stage appear warrantable. The fertilizer and manure applications were made in the first year of the rotation, on the hoed crop. On certain of the plots in the second year (grain) a dressing of nitrate of soda was given. In the majority of instances these latter plots gave a decidedly larger yield of grain and straw, as compared with those which did not receive nitraite. The conclusion seems warranted that on poor soils ,an application at seeding time of nitrate of soda, say of 100 to 150 pounds per acre, for grain will be a profitable practice. It is also evident from a study of the results that a complete fertilizer, i.e., one containing nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, will give on most cultivated soil? which are not in a high state of fertility, a larger and more remunerative yield than one containing any single clement of plant food. Further, it is apparent that for. the most profitable results, the soil, especially if it be poor in humus, must receive some manure. Fertilizers are much more effective and profitable if associated with manure applications than when used alone, and it may also be stated, more profitable returns have been obtained in a largfe numiber of cases from this jjlan than from heavy manurial dressings without fertilizers. 46 DEPARTMKM' OF AGRWILTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 In the ilaritime provinces generally and in Quebec the intluence of liming: has been marked. As an example the results obtained at Kentville, X.S., may be cited: — Hay- Average of limed plots 4,786 pounds per acxe. Averagre of unlinieer acre, with nitrate of soda and muriate of potash. In the xJotash group, the maximum yield was from the plot receiving Nebraska potash (sulphate) 200 pounds with nitrate of soda and superphosphate. The best yields in the whole three series were obtained on the plots receiving nitrogen in one or other of the forms employed, which may be taken as indicating that nitrogen is the limiting element or the element chiefly deficient in the soil of the exijerimcntal area. FERTILIZER MATKP.l.iLS AM> AMENDMENTS Limestone. — The wide interest thst has been taken in the application of lime compounds, more especially ground limestone, during the past five years may be regarded as indicating a notable step forward in Canadian field husbandry. The evidence that has accumulated, more particularly from Eastern Canada, is most satisfactory and encouraging. "We feel assured that it is a practice that is bound to become a permanent feature in our soil treatment, not generally necessary throughout the whole Dominion, but more especially beneficial in districts under humid conditions and in which cultivation and cropping have long been practised on soils naturally poor in lim(L During the year the Division has analysed and reported on a number of lime- stones, forwarded for the purpose of learning if they were rich enough for the purpose EXPEniMEXTAL F.iR.VS 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 of inanufaoturing ground limestone. The larger number were submitted by the Provincial Department of Agriculture of New Brunswick, and the results, as in previous years, showed that many excellent limestone deposits occur in that province. An.\LYSIS of LlMESTOIfES, 1919 Lab- oratory No. 43491 45146 45252 45253 46369 47896 49602 .50080 50296 50340 50433 50434 50673 44293 46995 48248 47093 47000 46230 462S8 47094 475S9 4963S .1. H. Havelock, N.B A. .S. Edgwood, B.C .1. B. Chatham, N.B .J.B.Chatham, N.B J. G. Edmundston, N.B A. W. C, Dorchester, N.B J. H. G., Three Rivers, Que . . M.D., Restigouche, N.B E.P.B., Upper Kent, N.B E.L.. Mont Joli, Que J.N.B., Nashe's Creek, N.B. . . . .J.N.B., Nashe's Creek, N.B. . E.L., Mont Joli. Que .A.W.S., Kingston, Ont G.-\.L., Sherbrooke, Que G..\.L., Quebec, Que G..\.L., Quebec, Que G..\.L., Quebec, Que .\..I..\., Okanagan Mission, B.C. A.J.C., Kaslo, B.C G..\.L., Quebec, Que G.A.L.. Quebec, Que J.H.G., Three Rivers, Que Mineral Matter insoluble in acid Oxide of Iron and Alumina 0-84 2-68 1-30 0-80 600 2-24 9-75 309 2-99 206 1-52 0-31 1-85 2-27 0-38 0-78 110 0-84 0-10 0-90 1-00 0-72 105 Carbonate of Lime 94-79 78-70 59-89 94-55 45-04 56-00 25-94 45-69 66-09 50-00 56-30 98-30 76-50 89-02 94-79 97-21 97-32 98-01 94-05 93-68 98-21 98-18 93-62 Carbonate of Magnesia 30-51 5-45 The outstanding functions of lime (including the forms slaked lime, ground' lime- stone and marl) may be briefly stated as follows : the correction or neutralization of soil acidity, commonly known as sourness — a property more or less injurious to the growth of most farm crops ; the furnishing of an important element of plant food ; the improvement of the tilth and structure of many types of soils and especially of heavy clay loams, making them more retentive of moisture, more readily drained and more easily worked and better adapted to the extension of the crop's root system; the promotion of conditions favourable to the development of those microscopic organisms within the soil which play so important a part in the preparation of crop food from inert soil material and by encouraging the growth of clover in adding available nitrogen to the soil from the free and otherwise unavailable store of that element in the atmosphere. Marl. — -Marl is essentially carbonate of lime. It is a form eminently adapted for agricultural use, being soft, friable and easily reduced to a po-ypder when air- dried. Its preparation and application are simple and its results are fully equal to those of ground limestone. As a naturally occurring amendment its value has not yet been fully realized. Deposits of marl, usually associated with swamp muck, are found in many parts of Canada. As might Ibe expected, it is variable in composition. There are marls in the air-dlried condition which contain 90 per cent and over of carbonate of lime, others, due to admixture with clay, organic matter, etc., in which the carbonate of lime content may be from 25 to 50 per cent also occur — hence the value of a chemical analysis. The larger number of marls analysed during the past year, as will -be seen from the following table, were of excellent quality. DEI'ARTMICW OF AGRICLLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Analysis or Marls (\ih-dhied) 1919. Labor- atory No. Locality Mineral matter insoluble in acid Oxide of iron and alumina Carbonate of lime Moisture, organic mattrr, etc. Tun- detorniinixl) 44316 43490 44605 44606 44607 4460S 44609 44610 45463 48722 48723 48963 49247 49305 .)0305 .50306 .50454 50489 50490 A.E., Kimberley, B.C P.L., Maple Green. N.B CO., Dixville. Que C.C. Dixville, Que C.C, Dixville, Que C.C, Dixville, Que C.C, Dixville, Que C.C, Dixville. Que T.S.. Salmon Arm, B.C E.P.B., Fredericton, N.B... E.P.B., Fredericton. iV.B. . . N.P., Kelowna. B.C S.B., Benton Landing, B.C.. R.H., Apple Hill. Ont C.J.P., Clinton, B.C C.J.P., Clinton. B.C Wm. E., Victoria. B.C V.C, Maria, Que H.B., Montreal. Que 22-69 6-44 14-80 2-30 206 2-40 104 2-56 3-46 8-85 2-55 0-48 7-27 6-88 9-04 10-83 5-50 ?-44 0-39 2-38 1-12 1-02 0-94 0-40 010 1-50 1-13 1-19 1-63 0-50 0-40 0-22 57-67 80-19 60-39 85-38 86-38 84-64 87-12 83-90 89-22 81-81 86-49 90-44 61-7!>' 70 10 66-50 71-00 84-50 94-00 91-00 15-34 12-25 24-81 12-32 11-56 12 -96 11-84 13-54 6-30 ,S-40 10 -.50 8-98 29-48 21-89 20-90 14-47 9 ■ .50 :!-IU 8 ■-■'.9 Aoriciiltural Lime — This material is now to be found on the market. It shouUl always be purchased on guaranteed analysis, ae a considerable difference in lime content may be met with in the various brands offered for sale. The throe samples analysed all showed high percentages of quick lime. Lime. 1919 Labor- atory No. 46994 47092 4S249 Insoluble Residue Dominion Lime Co F. Carnac Marquis. Dominion Lime Co 1-36 0-40 0-32 Oxide of Iron and Alumina 2-54 1-94 206 Carbonate of Lime 87-25 90-60 81-84 Undeter- mined 1-59. 3-2S Tobacco Products. — The waste of by-products of the tobacco factory — dust, stem';. etc. — possess a distinct though variable fertilizer and insectieidal value. Potash and nitrogen are their chief elements of plant food and when purchased for manurial purposes an analysis showing the percentages present should be obtained. The poorer materials, e.g. tobacco dust, frequently contain large amounts of sand. The variabilit.v in composition and hence the difference in value of these by-products may be observed from the following analyses made during the past year: — Waste Products from the Tobacco Factort Labor- atory No. ■ Moist- ure Ash Loss on Ignition Insoluble Residue Phos- phoric Acid P=Os Potash K:0 Nitrogen 50298 50299 .50300 50301 50302 50303 Tobacco dust No. 1. Tobacco dust No. 2. Tobacco dust No. 3. Cigarette Stems Burley Stems B.E. Stems Tobacco Dust 2-29 4-25 3-17 7-87 7-03 7-45 1-97 76-30 44-57 63-44 18-53 22-56 22-57 15-U 21-41 51-18 33-39 73-60 70 41 69 98 78-40 70-57 34-75 55-20 0-55 0-38 0-43 0-12 0-40 0-19 0-63 0-92 0-52 0-65 1-62 1-07 4-49 7-69 7-60 0-59 1-39 0-89 1-04 2-89 1-47 0-43 EXPEI![Uh:\T.iL FARMS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Miscellaneous. — Among the various materials having fertilizing value analvsed during the year were wood and mill ashes, incinerator ashes, Nebrask potash. California potash, " basic slag with potash ", bracken, decayed seaweed, fish wastes, guano, gypsum, "tomato slush" from cannery, mucks, pond and river muds. Many of these natural deposits and waste products Aave been treated of in previous reports: lack of space unfortunately prevents their detailed discussion here. CLASSIFICATION OF JERICVBLE L.\NDS The chemical and physical examination of soik in connection with the classifi- cation of lands in irrigable areas in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, commenced in 1913, has been continued. This work was undertaken for and is reported to the Eeclamation Service, Department of the Interior. It has had for its chief object th^ determination of " alkali " in suspected areas, the data obtained permitting the classification of the lands involved into irrigable and non-irrigable from the standpoint of possible future injury due to rise of alkali under irrigation. During the year 12S soil samples, comprising 32 groups, have been analysed and the areas involved reported on as to suitability for cultivation under irrigation. 'Several investigations are being carried on in connection with alkali problems, e.g., the alkali content of soils as related to crop growth, the vertical movement of alkali under the influence of irrigation, etc., and interesting and valuable data thereon have been obtained from the past year's work in field and laboratory. The detailed analysis of a number of waters from artesian wells in southern Aliberta has been made, with a view of determining the suitability of these waters for irrigation, provided they were in sufficient voliune in any case to permit of their employment for this purpose. Our report shows that the waters examined were all more or less saline and not safe or suitable for irrigation, though in limited quantities and occasionally applied, certain of them might be used for a time on soils with good drainage without marked injury. The most recent phase of our work for this branch of the Department of the Interior has been the examination of soils from areas in the northwestern ijrovinces under consideration for reclamation by drainage. This is not simply an alkali problem but a determination of the nature and quality of the soil, so that a decision may be reached as to the practical farming value of the land if the area involved were reclaimed by drainage. CHEMICAL IWESTICATIONS IX POULTUY IIUSBAXDRY Poultry husbandry as well as all other branches of animal husbandi-y has numerous problems, tlie solution of which lies in the application of the theories ani principles of chemistry. For this reason and the increasing importance of the poultry industry the services of a chemist were placed at the disposal of the Poultry Division of the Central Farm and during the past year a beginning has been made ' on several lines of investigational work. Incubation. — The losses suffered by the farmers and poultrymen of Canada due to poor results in incubation amount to millions of dollars annually. It is generally believed that "the purity of the air and its moistiire content in the incubator materially affect the vitality of the developing embryo. To determine conditions existing in the incubators used by the Poultry Division the air in all the machines was analysed. The air in a 10,800-egg Buckeye incubator, in use for the firfft time, was found to have a moisture content of 0-61S per cent and carbon dioxide content of 0-3wO per cent at the top where the eggs were less than seven days old, while at the bottom or ho'ttesc part where the eggs were between 14 and IS days in tlse incubator, tb.e moisture 50 rnii'MiTMEsr of acuki ltluk 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 t'Oiiteut was 0-332 ix'r ccirt aud the eai-lum dioxide content was 0-2*2T i)er cent. A ■■!50-egg Buckeye incubator and a loO-egg t'yplier's inc\ibator in use in the same cellar at the same time sliowed moisture contents of 0-S9G and 0-910 per cent and carbou dioxide contents of 0'2OG aud 0-252 per cent. To study this question in detail a special incubator designed to meet the need-.- of a strictly scientific investigation, i.e., control of the various factors, temperature, humidity, etc., was built. Preliminary tests seem 'to indicate tliat this niacliinc wVil, prove satisfactciry. A detailed description and rc-^ults olitaincd will be given when f\irther work has been carried out. Nidriiion. — The study of the nutri'tiou of poultry has not advanced to the sani'! tlegree as for other classes of live stock, and coefficients of digestibility and the protein and calorific requirements per diem for poultry have only been determineJ in a few instances. As a fir.st step in this study, a feeding experiment on chiekei..s was carried out. Twelve pens of forty-two chickens each were, fed for a five-week period and weekly gain in Aveight and the mortality noted. The basal ration consisted of finely cracked corn, wheat and oats and finely-ground bran, shorts and comineal. Pen ^o. 1 received the Ibasal ration only, the rations in the other pens being supple- . mented by one or more feeds, e.g., greens, eggs, meat and milk. Pen No. 1, the poorest, lost 31 Tjirds and the survivors made an average gain of only l-()7 ounces. Pen Xo. 9, fed meat, eggs and greens in addition to the basal ration, suffered the lowest mortality, 4 birds or 10 per cent, and gained 5.2t> ounces per bird, while in Pen No. 11, which had a ration similar to Xo. 9 but had milk to drirdc, the mortality was 7 birds but the gain of 5 -ST per cent was the highest pen average. The relative value of these four feeds can be well shown by a 'comparison of the results when they were fed singly in /addition to the basal ration. Pens 2', 3, 4 and 5 received meat, eggs, milk and greens respectively and 'the mortalities were 26, IS, 28 and 21 while the average gain per bird was 3-32, 3-44, 2-79 and 2-Sl oimces. These figure? clearly demonstrate the value of eggs as one of the first ingi-edients of food for young chicks. Proposed Work. — -The work begun in 1919 will be carried forward during 192«). Xutritional investigation work on chicks will be developed and extended to older fowl. The study of " watery " eggs and new laid eggs with '' lieaA'y " yolks, which the trade classify as extras rather than specials, with a corresponding lower price, \vill be investigated and special attention paid to the keeping qualities of these eggs in storage. SCGAR BEET,S FOR FACTORY PlRl'OSES Eighteen years ago this division began the systematic testing out of approved varieties of sugar beets as to quality and yield aud this investigation continued from year to year is now carried on, as far as the growth of the beets is concerned, on sixteen of the Farms, Stations and Substations of the System. By this means data' of a reliable character ai'e being amassed as to the suitability of soil and seasonal conditions for the successful gi-owtli of this crop at a number of widely-distant points throughout the Dominion. For a long number of years the seed sown in this investigation was specially imported from Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux et Cie, Paris, France, the varieties being those with a high reputation for both sugar and yield. For the past three years Canadian grown seed lias been largely used in this experiment and it is gratifying to record that in every respect the results have been as satisfactory as those from tho best imported seed. EXPEHIMEM'AL FARMS 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 With one exception, Wohanka, imported fi-oni Russia, the seed sown last season (,191'0 was all , grown in Canada, that denoted '"Chatham" and "Waterloo'" bein^ Ontario grown, that designated as "British Columbian" being from the province of that name. All the seed used was obtained through tlie courtesy of the Dominion Sugar Co., Wallaceburg, Ont. The varietal averages, as obtained from the results of the analyses of the beets grown at the sixteen points in the Dominion, in respect to sugar content, are as follows : — Varieties or Sugar Beets, 1919. Source of Seed Sugar in juice (average) Coefficient of Purity (average) 16-30 1717 17-34 17-71 84-56 85-49 80-92 85-89 These results are somewhat higher than those of lOlS and are to be regarded as indicating an exceedingly satisfactory root for sugar extraction. They furnisli further proof that beets from home-grown seed may be fully equal in richness and purity to those from the best imported stock. The detailed da'ta in connection with this work are unfortunately too voluminous for this summarized report, but the following averages as obtained from the several averages will he of particular interest in showing at a glance the richness of the beets as grown at sixteen of the Farms and Stations of the System throughout the Dominion : — AVEKAiiE' PERCEXTAGE OP SUOAR IN .IriCE, 1910. Sugar in Juice Per cent Charlottetown. P.E.I 18.33 Kentville, N.S 19.25 -Xappan 18.83 Fredericton, N.B 20.94 Lennoxville, Que 15. 91 Cap Rouge, Quo 16.88 Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere. Que 18.89 Le Ferme, Que 16.05 Ottawa, Ont 17.79 Scott, Sask 14.39 Indian Head, Sask 15.68 Lethbridge, Alta (Irrig.) 14.31 Fort Vermilion, Alta 17.35 Agassiz, B.0 17.02 .Sidney, B.C 17. 9S Invermere, B.C 14.72 The analytical and "yield" data of this investigation for the past eighteen years are now being carefully studied in relation to seasonal' conditions — temperature, precipitation, etc. It is expected that this inquiry will indicate and more or less elo.sely delimit those areas or districts in which, in so far as natural conditions aro concerned, sugar beets might be successfully grown for sugar production. FIELD ROOTS. The object of this investigation, now in its fifteenth year, is the determination by chemical analysis of the relative nutritive or feeding value of the several varieties of mangels, turnips and carrots grown for stock use. The roots examined were grown on the Central Farm, Ottawa, by the Division of Forage Plants, and the laboratory determinations were dry matter, sugar in juice and the weight of root. 16—45 S2 DEPARTMKXr OF MSUlrri.rVRR 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Mangels.- — The series including eighty reputed varieties comprised eighty samples grown from seoil ohtaiiiod from 11 of the more important Canadian seed houses, and the varieties included all those types generally found upon the market. It will only be possible in this report to ])resent averages and the more iniiiortant summaries. Man'gei.s, 1919. Dry Matter Sugar in Juic« Per cent Per cent Maximum 18.29 S.Sl Minimum 8.42 3.4« Average of 80 varieties 12.58 6.26 Average for 15 years 11.13 5.76 The six varieties first in the series as to nutritive value, in the order of merit, are: Giant Yellow Oval, Mammoth Golden Giant, Giant Yellow Intermediate. Mammoth Long Red, Red Emperor and Gate Post. All these contained over 15 per cent of dry matter, with a sugar content ranging from 7-5 per cent to 8-5 per cent. The following table epitomizes the more important data obtained in this investi- gation during the past 15 years : — Mangels — Yield a.vd Average Compositio.v, 1904-1919 1904. 1905. 1906. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1912. 1913. 1914. 19^5. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. Average tor 15 years. Number of varieties analysed Average weight of One Root Yield per acre tons lb. 30 1,277 39 369 31 159 27 680 23 690 28 920 56 57 29 61 23 50 36 1,157 17 428 Dry Matter p.c. u-eo 1004 11-63 12-64 11-87 11-21 10 04 9-51 10-51 12-79 9-25 8-86 12-64 11-78 12-58 Sugar 6-62 4-67 5-93- 7-46 5-33 6-21 4-46 6-43 5-63 7-75 4-27 2-66 6-72 613 6-26 5 76 Influence of Heredii;/ in Mangels. — There are several distinct and well-recog- nized types of mangels and the evidence of this investigation, now in its twentietli year, clearly shows that weU defined varieties possess and transmit, in a marked degree, characters as to quality or composition. In illustration of this fact the results of our analysis of the '"Gate Post" and "Giant Yellow Globe," two very widel.v-grown varieties and representative of two distinct types, may be presented. In the following table the epitomized results of this investigation are given and it will be observed that throughout the whole period, without a single exception, the Gate Post has proved the superior variety. EXPERIMEyTAL FARilS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Dry Matter and Sugar ix Gate Post ant> Gunt Yellow Globe Mangels Season of Gate Post Giant Yellow Globe Growth Average one weight of root Dn,' Matter Sugar in Juice Average one weight of root Dry Matter Sugar in Juice 1900 lbs. oz. p.c. 1114 9-41 13-90 12-93 12-64 1207 12-90 12-53 1202 11-82 9-59 10-04 8-98 10-98 14-40 11-41 9-79 14-24 12-87 15-5 p.c. 6-15 4-15 9-39 7-38 7-62 6-83 6-59 7-25 4-94 6-64 4-26 3-86 5-05 6-27 8-00 4-15 407 7-41 7-22 9-4 lb. oz. p.c. 8-19 9-10 10-24 10-89 9-24 8-64 12-73 10-78 10-66 10-95 7-80 6-66 7-87 "■"-64 1901 1902 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 1 3 6 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 9 3 14 13 2 10 11 14 , 8 11 5 5 11 15 10 13 8 11 3 3 3 3 1 3 6 3 3 1 2 2 3 9 13 13 12 8 4 7 13 1 2 4-08 5-24 1903 6-17 1904 5-26 1905 3-55 1906 6-45 1907 6-34 1908 4-47 1909 5-82 1910 .... 2-74 1911 1-85 1912 4-75 1913 15 ! S-90 5-18 1914 1^ 9 0 44 14 11-16 8-21 8-68 11-39 9-73 10-68 6-32 1915 3-31 1916 3-17 1917 5-89 1918 2-84 1919 5-50 Average for 20 2 3 11-95 6-33 2 13 9-62 4-57 1 It is well known that the composition of mangels, in common with that of farm roots generally and sugar beets, is influenced by seasonal conditions, but the fact that the two varieties analysed in this series have been grown side by side under practically identical conditions of climate and soil gives to tlie above results a special significance. They furnish satisfactory proof that distinct varieties possess in a marked degree qualities due to heredity and capable of transmission. Turnips. — Ninety-five samples of turnips were analysed, the series containing ninety-five reputed varieties obtained from nine Canadian seed houses. The varie- ties include both swedes and fall turnips. The following table presents the averages for the past fourteen years : — TcRKiPs, Yield axd Average Composition, 1905-1919. Y'ear Number of Varieties Analysed Average wjight of One root Y'ield per acre Dry Matter Sugar 1905 20 20 14 13 13 10 19 19 30 33 33 58 16 95 lb. oz. 2 l.'l tons 30 15 33 27 f 29 31 33 24 22 19 16 lbs. 1,060 1,890 142 1,033 542 565 155 1,271 130 1,522 681 p.c. 10-09 12-18 10-14 9-87 11-30 10-87 8-65 9-58 9-68 9-60 10-67 11-04 11-18 12-10 p.c. 1-10 1-78 Ml 1-52 1-43 1-07 1-10 1-54 0-76 1-29 0-92 1-41 106 Ml 1906 1 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 10 5 12 10 11 12 14 0 6 13 13 3 13-3 1907 1908 1909 1910 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 ." 1917 1918 10 869 1919 2 6 10-49 1-22 54 ui:i'\inMi:\r or \i,i!iii irritE 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Lack of space 'forbkls the inclusion of the detailed data of this work but two important conclusions therefrom may be stated as follows: (1) that turnips as a class contain somewhat less dry matter and considerably less sugar than mangels and (2) that the swede is decidedly richer both in dry matter and sugar than the fall turnips. Carrois. — 'I'his series consisted of thirty-six samples, comprising thirty-si.\ reputed viirieti(^s, obtained from nine Canadian seed houses. Carrots — Yield and Average Composition, 1905-1919 Vesir Number of varieties Analysed Average weight of one root Yield per acre Dry Matter Sugar 1905 , 11 10 6 6 6 5 6 0 8 10 10 13 3 36 lb. oz. 3 2 1 3 tons 25 19 24 22 17 13 18 24 21 16 11 lbs. 1,510 1,605 1.517 133 ■ 1,680 1,640 545 1,100 1,.359 1,500 1,140 p.c. 10-25 10-59 10-30 10-89 10-40 1017 lO-.iO 911 11-42 1008 11-40 12-69 12-13 1204 p.c. 2 -.52 1906 3-36 1907 302 1908 3-34 1909 2 30 1910 9 1 8 10 6 10 6 7-2 3-23 1912 2-54 1913 211 1914 . . . : 2-62 1915 1-86 J9IC 2-87 I9I7 ;.:•:.. 1918 . . 2-92 31 266 5-30 2-79 Average for U years 14 10-85 2-91 In nutritive value, as measured by dry matter and sugar, carrots as a class are superior to turnips: varietal differences, as in the case of mangels and of turnips, were aSHED BY RaIN" A.VD SxOW Total precipita- tion in inches Nitrogen By rain lbs. per acre By snow lbs. per acre Total lbs. per acre Year ending February 28th, 1918 Year ending February 28th, 1919. ; Year ending February 29th, 1920. Average for 10 years ending February 28th, 191 32-86. 35-59 33-23 4-719 4-929 5-909 1-540 0-916 1-208 6 259 5-845 7-117 While the total precipitation for the year closeljr approximates the normal — the average for the past 29 years being 33.68 inches — the amount «f nitrogen furnished thereby is somewhat greater than the average obtained from the first ten years' work. This investigation has shown that the precipitation in the neighbourhood of Ottawa furnishes approximately 6.5 pounds of nitrogen per acre usable as crop food, of which about So pet cent, or roughly 5.5 pounds, is contributed by the rain. At a conser- vative estimate we ma.v place the value of this plant food supplied per acre by the rain and snow at $1.75. THE coMi»osrnox of wheat as influenced by seasonal conditions This study, begun in 1908, has shown that climatic or seasonal conditions not only affect the yield but may profoundly modify the protein content of the grain. The plan of the investigation is simply to sow wheat from the same stock on the Farms and Stations of the Experimental Farm system, making careful weekly observations of the crop, weather.^etc, throughout the season of growth, A sample of the harvested wheat from each of the plots is forwarded to the laboratories at Ottawa and analysed. In this work, the Division is fortunate in having enlisted the co-operation of the Meteorological Service, which has undertaken the plotting, tabulation and correlation of the statistics and data. Press of urgent work during the period of the war has made it necessary to defer the analysis of the wheat samples since 1916. These are now in course of analysis and as soon as completed the results will be correlated with the weather statistics. By this means the growth, yield and composition of grain ma.y be studied as affected by environ- ment. The earlier results of this investigation indicated that the conditions conducive to a hard berry with a high gluten content, characteristic of wheat of high quality, are c. moderately dry soil and fairly high temperatures during that period in which the kernel is filling out and maturing. 56 DEPARTMEST OF AORWVLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 FEEDING STUFF'S As a result of war conditions not only has the price of all feeding stuffs gre;itly advanced but a large number of exceedingly poor feeds have been put on the market. This inferiority of quality or adulteration has been chiefly, but not entirely, found in chop feeds and feeds of an allied nature .-jold under proprietary names, and is due to the presence of mill waste and sweeping?, oat hulls and weed seeds, many of which render the feed unpalatable and in cases dangerous to stock. To ascertain the extent to which sucli inferior and dangerous feeds were on tlie market a special collection, comprising about 400 samples, was made throughout the Dominion. These have been submitted to chemical analysis as to nutritive value and, through the co-opcratiou of the Seed Branch, to microscopical examination for the detection of noxious weed seeds and other foreign matter. This work is now cmin- pleted and is being classified and tabulated for publication in bulletin form. The widespread dissatisfaction that was felt with regard to the purity and quality of many feeds on the market has naturally led to numerous inquiries respec- t^iig feeding stuffs of all kinds, from farmers in various parts of the Dominion and more particularly from Ontario, Quebec and the Maritime provinces. In not a few instances claims have been made that the feed or feeds in question have been found unpalatable to stock or entirely refused even when diluted with other feeds of first-class quality. Other farmers have reported that certain feeds have proved of little nutri- tive value, the animals fed thereon showing marked lack of thrift; and again we have had cases presented to us of alleged fatal results from their use. In the course of this work a considerable number of samples were sent in for examination. These included bran, shorts, middlings, iecA flour, oat by-product^, barley by-products, chop and mixed feeds of various kinds, gluten feed and corn by-products, special poultry feeds, oil cake meal, cotton seed meal and ground screen ings. Aanong the miscellaneous feeds analysed may be mentioned fish meal, beef meal, tankage, dried brewers grains, dried potato pulp, evaporated skim milk, dried carrots, sunflower seed, locust bean, cana-mola, refuse from the manufacture of ice cream cones. • j I Since it is impossible in this summary to discuss these feeds in detail it must suffice to indicate our findings in general terms. It must first be stated that the results have indicated that the larger number of staple feeds, bran, shorts, middlings, feed flours, oil cake meal, etc., while naturally varying somewhat in composition according to the process of milling or manufacture, are practically free from sweepings, miU refuse, weed seeds or other foreign matter. A few of the samples of bran and shorts examined were of inferior quality, showing an objectionable admixture of sweepings and weed seeds, but such cases were excep- tional. If the material is finely ground the detection of adulterants by mere insiwc- tion is frequently impossible, though, by tasting, the presence of certain of the unpalatable and noxious weed seeds may be detected. In such eases, however, a microscopical examination is necessary as supplemental to the chemical analysis. In this connection and by way of illustrating the value of microscopical work it may be stated that several cases of adulteration with cocoa shells in oil cake meal and pea hulls in chop feeds were detected. Adulteration is most frequently found in the chops and mixed feeds, a number of which are put on the market under brand names. These need careful scrutiny, chemical and microscopical. Certain of them are unduly loaded with ground oat hulls — a fibrous and worthless product from the standpoint of nutritive value — -while others have been found to contain large admixtures of objectionable weed seeds. This latter form of adulteration may not lower the percentages of the more valuable nutrients in the feed, indeed many weed seeds possess a higher protein and fat content EXI'ERIMFXr.iL FARMS 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 than the feed which they serve to adulterate. Their presence however is to be depre- cated on the ground of making the feed unpalatable, less digestible and possibly directly poisonous. Analysis has been made of a number of forages, among which the following list of silages stands out as notable : sunflower ; Japanese millet ; sweet clover ; oat, pea and vetch; pea and com; pea and com refuse from cannery. Shortly after the outbreak of the European war the Division was entrusted with the oflicial examination of all flour purchased in Canada bj- the British War Office. This control work has been carried on continuously to date. The purchasing for military and civilian use overseas was taken over in 1917 by the Wheat Export Com- pany, the Official Canadian Agents of the Allied Governments and more recently by the Canadian Wjheat Board. During the year 3,916 samples of flour have been examined and reported on as to moisture content. This control work has not only effected a very large pecuniary saving to the Empire and the Allies but has served to ensure, by keeping down the moisture content, the flour from spoiling during ocean transportation and storage. It has also undoubt- edly been of value in maintaining and enhancing the reputation enjoyed overseas by Canadian flour for quality and strength. PACKIXG HOUSE AND CA>SERY PRODUCTS An important phase of the laboratory work is the chemical control of the products of establishments — packing houses, canneries, etc., — under 'the provisions of the Meat and Canned Foods and Oleomargarine Acts. This work which is necessarily of a very varied character is undertaken for the Meat and Canned Foods Division, Health of Animals Branch, Department of Agriculture and the results reported to the Veterinary Director General. During the year 1919-1920 a total of 1,809 samples were submitted to chemical or microscopical examination. These are classified in the following table: — Lards, tallows, oils, oleomargarines and butter.. 335 Preserved meats, sausages, mince meats, etc SI Pickling solutions 73 Spices and condiments '. . .. 101 B\'aporated apples, waste, etc 648 Preservatives 36 Miscellaneous, infcluding condensed milks 536 A considerable amount of investigatory work has been done in connection with the examination of these samples, but it is impossible in this summary to enter into details. It must snffice to say that important results have been obtained in several lines and that this whole work of control has been carried out in as practical and thorough a manner as possible. • WATERS FROM FARM HOMESTEADS The total number of waters from farm homesteads analysed during the year was 103. Of these 2.3 per cent were found to be pure and wholesome, 13 per cent suspicious and probably dangerous, 28 per cent seriously polluted, and 36 per cent too saline to be potable. Quite a number of samples received were too small for the purpose of a satisfactory analysis, and in this connection we would point out to those desirous of an analysis that they should first apply to the Division for an application form giving directions as to collection and shipment of the sample. No fee is charged for the analysis but the express charges must be prepaid. 58 Di:i'Mri'\ti:\'r or acuki i.tihk 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 An ample siipi)l.v of pure water i< one of the most valuable assets that a farm <'aii ix)ssess and no rejisionable expense should be spared to procure it. Pure water is one of the most potent factors which make for the good health of the farmer and his family, the thrift of his live stock and the (piality and wholesonieness of his dairy products. The cause of contamination in the larger number of instances is the access to the well of drainage of an excretal character, from stable, barnyard, privy, etc. Our records show that the polluted wells for the most part are shallow, merely collectors of soakage water from the surrounding soil, and located, for the sake of convenience, near the farm buildings in the barnyard, making contamination practically inevitable. It should be remembered that impure water of the character indicated is always a menace to health. nrvisiON OF botany ItKPORT OF 'I'lIK ACTIXO 1K).MI.\!0.\ P.OT.VXIST, K. S. ARCHIBALD, B.A., B.S.A. AMEMI.MKXT.S TO THE UESTlilCTlVK INSECT AND PEST ACT By Order in Council passed -April 4, subsection / of section 7 of the Destructive Insect and Pest Act relative to admitting currant and gooseberry plants from the state of New York into the province of Ontario, was amended, providing for the admission of said vegetation into the province of Ontario from the state of New York. •Section 12 of the same Act was amended April 4, prohibiting shipments of five-leaved pines, currant and gooseberry plants into Alberta and British Columbia from any other province of the [Dominion. By Order in Council passed on April 10, subsection (i is added to section T of said Act, prohibiting the importation into Canada of certain species, hybrids and varieties of Berheris and Odostrmon (ifahonLa). Section 12 of the same Act was amended April 10, prohibiting shipment of certain species, hybrids and varieties of Bcrhrrlx and Odoslemon (Mahoni) specified under subsection "(/", section 7, into Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta from any other ]U-ovince of the Dominion. WHITE PINE BI.lSTEl! RUST Scouting. — ^Surveys were conducted to learn the distribution of the blister rust fungus in northern Ontario. The rust fungus was found on the following number of properties: three out of forty-one in SLmeoe county; three out of eleven in Muskoka district; not one out of twenty-one in Haliburton county; three out of thirty-two in Hastings county; twenty-five out of ninety-two in Renfrew count.v; not one out of seventeen in Temiskaming and Kenora districts. The scouting that was done in northwestern Ontario was not extensive enough to be conclusive 4hat the fungus doe? not exist there. Control Areas. — The establishment of four control areas begun in 191S was completed in 1910 and a fifth area was laid out. The control areas are located as follows: Lincoln county, Ontario; Bowmanvllle, Out.; Carillon, P.Q.; Berthier\-ille, P.Q., and! Lachutc, P.Q. The object of the control areas is to determine the eflSciency of removing all currants and gooseberries within the area, as well as those within five hundred yards of the control areas. Results will not be obtainable for a period of years. EXPEHniKXTAI. FMtMS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The suiTeys of thirty-five pine woodland areas in the Niagara peninsula, around Oakville and in Simooe county, conducted in 1918 and cheeked in 1919 have showi; that:— (a) "While an average of about er of diseased trees was found in 1919 over the number found in 191S. POTATO INSPECTION SERVICE The insijection service has been conducted from the central laboratories instead "f from Charlottetown laboratory. This was found to be necessary in order to liive the work the closest supervision possible. Thp work is being continued along systematic lines with certain modifications aiming at an improvement of the service. The main difiiculty arises from the Use of temporary men, who lack experience, but every precaution is being taken to prevent rhe consequences arising from errors on their i)art. The work this season included the province of Alberta where much interest is being shown. FIELD LABORATORIES ST. CATH.4RIXES, ONT. The investigational work at the Laboratory of Plant Pathology at St. Catharines, Out., the past year was interfered with by the fact that the officer in charge, Mr. W. A. JlcCubbin, resigned on June 1, and his successor. Dr. W. H. Eankin, formerly of the Plant Pathological Staff, Cornell University, was not appointed until October. Brown Eot of Stone Fruits. — In continuation of certain surveys conducted in 1918 to determine the prevalence and iniportance of brown rot of stone fruits, similar surveys were conducted in 1919. These surveys included an apothecial survey, a blossom injury survey, and tabulations of the amount of loss on the trees, in the market and in cold storage. The most important points learned from these -urveys are as follows. In peach orchards, not plowed, there were found an average iif 5-44 apothecial clusters under each tree, while in orchards, spring plowed, an average of l-l-t clusters, and in orchards, fall plowed, an average of 1-93 clusters under each tree. In the case of plum orchards the difference was not so large. In orchards, not plowed, there were an average of .3-64 clusters under each tree, in orchards, spring plowed, 2-15 clusters, and in orchards, fall plowed, 1-22 clusters under each tree. The amount of blossom injury was found to range from 4 to 73 per cent for peaches, from 0-4 to 95 per cent for cherries, and from 00 to 94 per cent for plums. In seventy-five out of one hundred and twenty-two peach orchards examined, the blossoms injured by brown rot ranged from 10 to 30 per cent; in fifty- eight of eighty cherry orchards it ranged from 1 to 50 per cent, and in sixty-nine of the eighty-six plum orchards from 1 to 20 per cent. The amount of injury occasioned by brown rot at the time of ma'lurity of the fruit was determined in forty-six orchards in the Niagara Peninsula to vary from 1-2 to 9-5 per cent. Peach Canker Eradication hy Surgery.— The experimental work on the eradication by surgery of the peach canker in a commercial orchard was continued in 1919. Results are to be tabulated after another season's work. Raspberry Leaf Curl or Yelloivs. — An attempt was made to determine in two commercial plantations if the removal of the affected bushes was sufficient to check the spread of yellows or leaf curl. The results this season seem to indicate that it does not prevent the spread of this trouble, but no definite statement can be made until tlie work has been continued for a longer period. 60 DFA'ARTillSr or AilUlCl LTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Sew Projects Started. — The rwirgauizatiou of the laboratory and field work under the new officer iu charge was completed during the winter. Additional floor space is now available for the proper arrangement of the new laboratory equipment. The laboratory is now well equipped to carry out its functions in this district except that land and greenhouse facilities are not yet provided for. It is to be hoped that these necessary adjuncts to the laboratory will soon be forthcoming. 1. Leaf curl of raspberry. Investigations to determine the connection between true leaf-curl and the composite disease known as yellows. An effort is to be made to determine the specific cause of leaf curl and the manner of its transmission. 2. Canker of peach. Investigations to determine the cause or causes of peach canker and the relation between environmental and biotic conditions which determine its variations in prevalence and destruetiveness. 3. Tests of spray mixtures and dusts on plums and cherries. A comparison of four liquid and dust schedules for the control of insects and diseases. This project is to be carried on in co-operation with the Entomological Branch. 4. Comparative tests of the more practical spraying and dusting schedules for apples on a commercial scale. This project is to be carried on in co-operation with the Entomological Branch and the Fruit Branch of the Ontario Department of Agriculture. 5. Comparative records on the results obtained in practice by growers in controlling fruit diseases with the object of determining the best control practices now in use. 6. Plant Disease. Survey. A determination of the losses due to the commoner diseases of cultivated plants in Southern Ontario, as a part of the general survey now being organized to include the entire Dominion. 7. A determination of the fundamental reactions of plants during infection and the development of diseases which it is hoped may aid in determining means for con- trolling the factor of susceptibility. Several requests during the winter were acceded to for assistance on the pro- grammes of institutes and agricultural organizations. CH.U5LOTTET.3WX, P.E.T. The officer in charge, ilr. P. A. Murphy, left the Department to assume more remunerative work with the Department of Technical Instruction in Ireland. Experiments and Laboratory Investigation on Potato Diseases. — The principal diseases dealt with were, early and late blight, leaf roU, mosaic, curly dwarf and similar diseases, wilt and powdery scab. The results of previous years' work on late blight were amply verified by those obtained in the season just past. The year was a particularly favourable one for the spread of this disease and it was found that five sprays were necessary to control it instead of four, as formerly recommended. Experiments were continued on a larger scale than before to determine the way in which the disease spreads, special attention being taken of the relation of air and soil temperatures. Exxieriments on the invesrtigation of leaf roll and mosaic were continued which proved conclusively that both these diseases infect neighbouring healthy plants. Up to. the present no casual organism has been found ; insects which attack the vines are believed to be responsible, in part at least, for the spread of mosaic in the field, the same may also apply to leaf roll through the agency of soil insects. In the series of experiments carried out in collaboration with the Superintendents, at Charlottetown, Kentville, Nappan, Frodericton, Lennoxville, Ottawa, Brandon, Indian Head, and on a private farm at Fort William, Ont., it was found that climatic conditions have considerable influence in determining the amount of disease present. It was shown that diseased seed originally grown at Charlottetown developed little or no symptoms EXPERlMEyTA-L FARMS 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 of mosaic when planted at Brandon and Indian Head, but when the same seed waa again returned to Charlottetown the disease proved to be as virulent as before. Work was started to determine whether diseases of the curly dwarf type, which have been named temporarily " Crinkle and Leaf Drop," are communicable to healthy plants of the same variety in adjacent rows. The investigations of wilt and powdery scab were continued as in previous years. Very little powdery scab was found in any of the plots, the corrosive sublimate treat- ment 1-2000 for three hours together with formalin 1-300 for three ho\irs being the most effective. Spraying Demonstrations. — Potato-spraying demonstrations were conducted on twenty farms in Prince Edward Island with a horse-power machine with excellent results, the farmers in every case being thoroughly satisfied and firmly convinced that spraying pays. Their remarks may be summed up in a few words : " Thorough spraying is the only means of growing a sound crop of potatoes." The amount of rot which developed in unsprayed portions of these fields ranged from 0.0 per cent in the resistant varieties up to 85 per cent in the susceptible varieties, while the sprayed plots resulted in an increased yield in every case, as well as a sound crop. As a result of this work several machines are being purchased for next season's work, not only in the districts where the demonstrations were carried out, but also in others. Spraying is becoming more general every year. FREDEEICTON, N.B. • The investigational work conducted during the year 1919-20 consisted of a con- tinuation of experiments previously started with a few additions, including field and cellar inspection of potatoes, potato spraying and dusting, leaf roll and mosaic diseases of potatoes, anthracuose of beans, bean mosaic, sclerotinia rot of beans, glume spot of wheat, turnip steekling rots, club-root of crucifers, and observations on other diseases occurring during the growing season. Potato Spraying. — In conjunction with other pathologists a potato-spraying experi- ment consisting of thirty plots was conducted to determine the proper time for spraying, and the number of applications required to give the best returns. The period of commencement, the period between applications and the number of applica- tions varied with each plot. The largest returns and the least rot were obtained with five or more applications commencing when the plants were about eight inches high and continued at intervals of ten days. The increased yield from five or more sprays varied from 100 to 108 bushels per acre with from 25 to 28 bushels less rot per acre. Bean Anthracuose. — This disease was not so severe this season as during the summer of 191S and the results were consequently not so evident, but confirm in a large measure the results obtained last year. The work consisted of experiments on, — (1) Seed selection. (2) Seed treatment. (3) Spraying. (4) Resistant varieties. (5) Seed from different sources. Seed Selection and Seed Treatment. — While not serving as complete control measures, seed selection and seed treatment confirm the results of last year in that selected and treated seeds develop less disease than unselected or untreated seed. More- over, the disease did not become pronounced until later in the season. 62 DEI'MtTMIlM l iiifiisurc. Serious injury to the foliage was proilucod by the first and second sprays; the injury caused probably ' equalled the beneficial effects produced by the spray. The spraying in some tests had to be discontinued on account of the injury. Besistance of Different Varieties. — No varieties have hecn found immune and, in fact, the Well's Red Kidney Wax, which was practically free last year (one or two pods slightly spotted) developed considerable disease this year; some pods were badly injured. Bean Mosaic. — The experiments on bean mosaic consisted of tests to determine: — (1) Its presence or absence in commercial beans offered for seed purposes. (2) To what extent the disease is hereditary. (3) Its nature and methods of spreading. These studies show that commercial stock may contain considerable quantities of mosaic infected seed, some lots developing as high as 23 per cent diseased plants before the disease commenced to spread in the field. Heredity. — Seed obtained from diseased plants in Ontario (grown during l!tl8) when planted reproduced diseased plants to the extent of 43 per cent on first count ; many diseased plants developing later. It was impossible to determine whether these later developments were from diseased seed or the result of infection from neighbouring plants in the field. Not all seed from diseased plants produced diseased progeny. The results obtained, however, undoubtedly proved that the disease is hereditary since seed grown in New Brunswick, and known to have been free from the disease the previous year, did not develop mosaic, except a few individual plants in rows adjacent to a diseased row and which developed late in the season. Two lots of .seed, supposedly from healthy plants collected in Ontario were tested ; one from Vineland proving to be free from the disease, while the one collected at Dutton from a diseased field showed a high percentage of infected plants. Transmissihility. — The disease was transmitted from diseased to healthy i)lants by means of hypodermic injections with extracts from diseased leaves, and b.v pressing leaves of healthy plants between the fingers moistened with the extract from infected leaves, as high as 100 per cent infection being obtained by both methods. GR.VIX HESE.4KCH IX WESTERN C.VN.VDA Work was carried on during the season of 1919 with headipiarters at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, and field stations at Brandon and Indian Head. Field and Laboratory experiments w-ere undertaken to determine the life-history and method of control of the smut of western rye grass, which is more or less prevalent all over Western Canada. The experiments were successful and showed that this smut belongs to the seedling infection group and may readily be controlled by seed treatment, with a solution of formaldehyde as in the case of oat smut. E.xperiments were also carried on to determine the injury to grains caused by treating with solutions of formaldehyde of various strengths. The seed'was tested for germination at the Seed Branch Laboratory at Calgary. The results showed that practically no injury resulted from treatment with tlie solutions of formaldehyde commonly used. They, however, indicated that spraying with a strong solution of forifialdehyde may seriously injure germination in wheat, especially if an excess of the solution is used. By field experiment at Indian Head, this dry method, as it is some- times called, gave good control of oat smut and no evident injury to the seed. There was a severe outbreak of stem r.ust in soiithern ^Manitoba and in parts of Saskatchewan, and great loss, especially of the later sown grain. Leaf rust of wheat has also been severe in some districts in llanitoba, but did little damage in comparison with the stem rust. Alberta was practically free from rust, until the grain was gener- ally harvested. EXPERIMEyTAL FIRMS €3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Careful attention was given to the study of the overwintering and origin of spring infection of the stem rust, but without much result. It was found, however, that the summer spores of this rust may survive the winter on grasses, and it is possible that spring infection may arise from these spores. There was, however, no direct evidence that this is the case. To gain information as to the best time of cutting rusted grain, experiments were carried on at Indian Head and an opportunity was given to study similar experiments carried on at the Manitoba Agricultural College by the Field Husbandry Department. Both of these experiments indicated tliat a greater yield was obtained by leaving the grain to mature than cutting earlier. Some time was spent in a barberry survey in ilanitoba, and a number of barberries were located. It is expected that all these will be eradicated before the season for infection. The stripe disease and related diseases due to species of IIelmint,hosporium were locally severe in barley. There was also considerable wheat attacked by Helminthos- porium. The scab of wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum was quite prevalent in the districts in Manitoba where there was a considerable rainfall, but not much was noticed in Saskatchewan. Some investigational work on the stem and leaf rusts of wheat was undertaken in the greenhouse at Saskatoon but sufficient space was not available for extensive work till late in the season. This phase of the work will receive more attention in the future. GENERAL ECONOMIC BOTANY During the year a large number of requests of the usual kind, namely, information on the best methods of controlling certain weeds, poisoning of domestic animals by various plants, medicinal .uses of plants, culture of wild rice, etc., were received, ^liscellaneous enquiries covering a wide range of sulbjects were received dealing with such questions as the cultivation of Aromatic plants, insect flowers, utilization of juniper berries, sumac, peanuts, guayule rubber, the treatment of hawthorn seeds with sulphuric acid to facilitate germination, etc. The number of weeds and wild plants sent in for naming and report on their properties was smaller than usual, amounting to 631 specimens. In connection with the Herbarium a specimen case containing 100 species of seeds of weeds and other plants in bottles was received through the kindness of the Seed Commissioner. Four dried specimens of plants were received from Mr. W. B. Anderson. of British Columbia, and a white-fruited specimen of .Tuneberry. sent in from Rigaud, Quebec, was added to the Herbarium. Information having been received from the Board of Public Works that certain harbours on the Atlantic coast were being blocked up by drifting sand, and a suggestion having been made that some iserson should visit these localities, Miss F. Fyles paid a visit to jSI'ew Brunswick and ISTova Scotia and made a study of the present condition of the sand-dunes and collected samples of the different kinds of vegetation growing thereon. Copies of the Annual Exchange List of Seeds were sent out to various botanical gardens in British Columbia, United States, Xew South Wales, Japan, Italy, Switzer- land, France, Holland, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, and Sweden. During the year 526 packets of seeds and 29 rooted plants were sent out and 573 packets of seeds were received from foreign botanical gardens. Considerable additions were made to the collection of living plants in the Arboi-etum. A sample of broom corn obtained from St. Eustache, Que., which appeared to be suited to the climate of Canada, was sown and proved to have a "brush" of a fair length. A considerable number of well-ripened seeds were obtained from it for further experiment. 64 in:i:iKT\if:\r or .ioinci i.tchi: 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Press articles on Plants used for Tanning, Sunflowers, the Castor Oil Plant, the Cultivation of Mustard, and Broom Corn, were prepared and a bulletin on "Wild Rice," by Miss F. Fyles, was handed in for publication. Some further progress was made during the year in the preparation of a Catalogue of the Native Plants of Canada. THE CEREAL DIVISION REPORT OF THE DOMIXIOX CEKEALI.ST. CII-VS. E. SAUXDERS. B.A., Ph.D. THE SEASON The season of 1919 was, on the whole, unfavourable to cereals. In some parts of Eastern Canada good crops were produced, but, in other sections, as at Ottawa, the drought and extreme heat of June and early July very materially reduced the yield. However, the quality of the wheat was good, and that of the oats and barle? was fair, though the grain was not so plump perhaps as usual. In some parts of Manitoba and over large areas in Saskatchewan and Alberta, unusual drought prevailed, amounting, in some cases, to a total destruction of the crop. In additioii to the drought, there were high winds in some sections which, at times, produced disastrous consequences. Owing to these adverse conditions no crop was produced on the Experimental Station at Rosthern, or on the non-irrigated area on the Experi- mental Station at Lethbridge. The other Farms and Stations in these three provinces succeeded however, in obtaining results worthy of record, showing that even nude: conditions of unusual drought, good paying crops can sometimes be reaped. Many sections of British Columbia also suffered from the remarkably dry weather, and though cereals are not an important croi) in that province there was a consider- able loss from the reduced yields. At Ottawa, the first grain was sown in the fields on April 00, though seeding did not become general until several days later. Harvesting began on July IS, which was exceptionally early; and the first threshing was done on July 31. TESTS OF VARIETIES Almost every season reveals some possible improvement in the method of carrying on the plot tests of varieties. The system is therefore being graduallv modified from year to year as experience accumulates. In spite, however, of the greatest care, it is not practicable, in very unfavourable seasons, to secure results of much value. Fortunately, at Ottawa, the weather is less liable to extreme fluctua- tions than at some other places and it is therefore possible, here, to obtain fairl/ good results every year from plot tests. During the past season, there were grown at Ottawa 570 very small plots of new varieties of wheat, oats, barley, iieas and flax, and 596 regular test plots of cereals, etc. In addition to these, there were 36 plots of barley sown for hay purposes and 79 large strips of cereals for propagation. The total number of plots and strips at Ottawa was 1,281, representing about 1,100 varieties. Nearly all of these are new cross-bred sorts produced by the Dominion Cerealist. MARQUIS WHEAT It is a pleasure to be able to record still further triumphs for Marquis whear. While during the last few years, some new varieties Tiave been pushed into jromin- EXPERIilEyiAL FARMS 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ence as rivals of ITarquis, that variety again won the highest award in an interna- tional competition, last autiimn, when Mr. J. S. Fields, of Regtna secured the world's prize and sweepstakes for the best spring wheat at the International Soil Products Exposition, Kansas City, Missouri. The season in Saskatchewan was not very favourable, owing to dry weather and the prevalence of rust, but ilarquis wheat did very well considering 'the adverse circumstances, and showed itself decidedly mor'j resistant to rust than the variety Eed Bobs with which it has sometimes of late come into competition. HULLESS OATS The new variety of hulless oats recently inti-oduced by the Dominion Cerealist, under the name of Liberty, Ottawa 480, gave an excellent account of itself last season in almost every locality where conditions were at all favourable. Fortunately, it appears that this oat is likely to do best in those somewhat northern sections of Alberta where the raising of hogs and other live stock must always occupy a largo and permanent place in agriculture. As the hulless oat makes excellent feed for almost all classes of animals, and particularly for young pigs, it is very gratifying to note its special adaptability to the region in question. Last autumn, when the annual distribution of free samples of seed grain began, there was very little demand for the Liberty oat, as many of the farmers had not heard of it up to that 'time. However, an announcement in the newspapers and agricultural journals soon brought too great a number of applications and we were unfortunately obliged "to refuse very many of them. Arrangements have been made, however, for the growing of a much larger acreage during the coming season, and it is hoped that the supply of seed will be fairly adequate next winter, at least so far as "the free distribution is concerned. Of course, in the case of any new variety of striking merits, it is impossible entirely to satisfy the demand for seed during the first few years. EUBY WHEAT The new extra-early ripening wheat called Rub.v, Ottawa 623, which was intro- duced recently by the Dominion Cerealist, has done exceptionally well on some of the ■ farms in rather northern latitudes in the central provinces. There is no doubt that this variety fills a real wan't in districts for which Marquis has proved a little too late in ripening and where the greatest possible earliness, such as is found in Prelude wheat, is not essential. OTHER NEW VARIETIES Three other new varieties which are attracting attention may also be mentioned. A new fibre flax under the name " Longstem, Ottawa 5-3 " — a selection from some flax received from Ireland — has given very good results in the ifield ,and has shown itself of excellent fibre quality. A few samples of this variety were sent out last autumn and arrangements have been made to distribute a larger quantity next season. It is believed that this variety, on account of the exceptional length of its fibre, wiU be of great value. The yield of seed produced from it is not at all large. A selected bean, under the name of " Norwegian, Ottawa 710," was distributed in considerable quantities this last winter. Wtile this bean is brown and therefore lacks the attractiveness of the white varieties, it is so early in ripening and so productive that it will probably prove of eonsidera/ble value in some of those districts where the season is short and for which hitherto no variety of field bean has beeri in'troduced which ripened sufficiently early. The new pea which has already been announced, Mackay, Ottawa 25, was not distributed this season, because the stock of seed on hand was not more than was 16 — 5 66 DEPARTMEST OF AGRICVLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 required for propagation. Arrangements have been made by which it is hoped thai a certain quantity of this variety will be available for distribution next winter. Tha Mackay, thuuuh somewhat hvfe in ripening, is certainly one nf the nifist prodni-tivi peas known. PfBLIC.\TIOXS ISSrKI) Two important little bulletins were sent out during the pas'l season. The first of these is called " The Best Varieties of Grain." In it details are Riven as to the varieties recommended for the different soils and clima'tes of (^anada. Ihe other bulletin is entitled "The Use of Coarse drains for Human Food.'" Its aim is to encourage the use of oats, barley, peas, etc., as human food, on account of the advantages which they possess from a point of view of health as well as price. It was also desired to show how the cost of food in outlying districts might be reduced by the farmers growing more material which they could themselves grin! for use at homo. FREE DISTRIBrTICX OF SEED S.\MPLES A somewhat larger number of free samples were sent out last season than in the inimediatel.v preceding years. It is expected that the distribution will increase in amount as our stock of seed of the most desirable varieties is gradually built up. It was deeply to be regretted that several thousand applications for samples of the new hulless oat, Liberty, Ottawa 4S0. had to be refused. The quantity of seed on hand was not nearly sufficient to satisfy the very large and somewhat unexpected demand. A great many applications for flax had also to be declined. This was the first se&son for the distribution of fla.x and beans. The stock of beans was quite adequate, and i't is expected that a sufficient quantity of flax w-ill be on hand next season. It is not easy to foresee just what will be the demand in any particular case and, especiallv when new varieties are being introduced, we are frequently unable to provide enough seed the first year. The following tables give some details as to the distribu'tinn of this season: — Seed Distribution, 1919-1920. Classified 3Y Provinces Prince Nova New Mani- Saskat- British — Edward Scotia Bruns- Quebec Ontario toba chewan .\lberta Columbia Total Island wick Oats 55 199 112 824 615 236 574 564 153 3,332 Wheat 2!) 132 58 593 233 185 432 455 121 2,238 Barley S 61 19 455 166 83 191 184 44 1,211 Beans 14 105 44 268 71 50 88 127 51 818 3 40 13 24 4 260 116 165 100 39 70 111 118 133 49 44 12 819 Flai 489 Total... 116 550 261 2.516 1.350 663 1.514 1,512 425 8,907 MILLING AND BAKING TESTS The number of milling and baking tests during the past twelve months was not ■very large owing to the fact that at the present time there is no special assistant for this work, the former milling 'and baking assistant occupying now the position of chief assistant and having, therefore, less time to devote to any special line of work than formerly. The study of the effect of storage on flour and wheat was continued and a few other special investigations were also made, but the greater part of the time devoted to milling and baking was given to tests of new cross-bred varieties which are intended for the large, central, wheat growing sections of Canada, where baking quality is of special importance to the reputation of the grain. A number of interesting crosses between Marquis and Prelude wheats were examined as well as some others. . Alto- gether sixt.v samisles of wheat were ground and 2&3 small loaves were baked. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DIVISION OF FOKAGE PLANTS EEPORT OF THE DOMINION AGROSTOLOGIST, M. O. MALTE,, Ph.D. The effects of the war still being felt in the matter of providing for an adequate suppl.y of field root seed of t-he best quality being: kept available in commercial quantities to the farmers of Canada, the Division of Forage Plants was in duty bound to try to secure, by emergency production, the necessary quantities of the field root seed needed. Accordingly, the production of field root seed on a commercial scale was, in the activities of the Division, given preference over other phases of work, such as plant breeding and research work in general, on the ground that immediate results, necessitated through the effect of the war on general agricultural conditions, must be considered of more vital importance to Canadian agriculture than investigations ex- pected to bear fruit in the future. Nevertheless, and in spite of the time and energy that the providing of a commercial field root seed supply cost the Division, the necessity of preparing for constructiye work of a nature calculated to be of value in years to come was realized as clearly as it was in the previous year, when, also, most of the activity of the Division had to be devoted to war emergency work. Accordingly, much was done in preparation for the resumption of the normal work coming under the scope of the Division. On account of its varied nature, it can however, not he reported upon in detail. It may be mentioned, though, that a large number of types of grasses and other forage plants were collected, the said types to be used for breeding purposes as soon as the conditions associated with the termination of the war may allow the Division to resume its normal activities. EMERGENCY ROOT SEED PRODUCTION In 1918, the Division of Forage Plants arranged, as stated in last year's report, to have considerable quantities of mangels, swede turnips and carrots grown for the purpose of having available a supply of roots suitable for seed growing, in case the conditions in the spring of 1919 should warrant emergency seed production. As the conditions governing the field root seed market in the spring of 1919 seemed to call for an emergency production of root seed, the division undertook, so as to enable the farmers to secure seed of the bestpossible quality, to plant as many roots of the most popular varieties as were available for seed production. Without going into details of the carrying through of the seed-growing programme — although many obsei-vations might be worthy of being brought to the notice of the agricultural' public — the Division begs to report the production of the following quantities of marketable field root seed. In doing so, the Division wishes to state t-hat the quantities as given below were disposed of commercially through the Markets Intelligence IHvision of the Seed Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, with the exception of what was needed for the Farms and Stations of the Experimental Farms' System. Pounds Grown, at the Central Experimental Farm. Ottawa — - Yellow Intermediate mangel 5,605 Danish Champion carrot 366 Grown at the Dominion Experimental Station, Charlottetown, P.E.I. — - Tellow Intermediate mangel 1,6 opened early, work on the land commencing April 3. The seed went into the soil in nice shape and started away in a uniform manner. By June 20 continued dry weather, persistent attacks of gophers and blasting of heated winds had done their effective work. Eains did not follow in time to give any relief, and consequently the field crops were a total failure. Wheat was sown on April 17, and oats were sown on May 8. Cost of summer-fallowing three fields, a total of 15 acres, was $4.90 per acre standard and $7.21 per acre actual cost. Cost of operating the station of ten fields, a total of 50 acres, was $4.68 per acre, standard, and $6.84, actual. Delacour. — Operator, G. M. McElroy. The spring of 1919 opened in good time, work on the land commencing April 10. Sufficient moisture was in the ground for a uniform germination, and the crop came along fairly well for a time. By Jtme 24 the effects of drought and heat could be noticer bushel and at an actual cost of $2.84 per bushel. Cost of summer-fallowing three fields, a total of 15 acres, was $3,84 per acre, standard, and $5.10 per acre, actual. Milh River. — Operator, B. L. Cornwall. The spring of 1919 opened in average time, seeding being in progress by April 17. The moisture supply was equal to good germination and gave the grain crop a fair start. Frequent showers were received during May and the fore part of June but only at one time did an appreciable quantity of rain fall. As a consequence before the end of June, from drought and heat, croj® were on the verge of burning. Later there was no relief by summer rains and condi- tions grew worse, with the result that only a small amount of grain was harvested. \^Tieat sown April 17, ripened August 16, and oats sown May 13, ripened August 20. One wheat field gave a yield of 2 bushels and 30 pounds per acre and was grown at a standard cost of $3.59 per bushel and at an actual cost of $5.40 per bushel. Oats gave a yield of 11 bushels and 23 pounds per acre and were grown at a standard cost ol 51 cents per bushel, and at an actual cost of 81 cents per bushel. Cost of summer- fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $5.33 per acre, standard, and $8.01 per acre, actual. Precipitation at this point from April to September amounted to 5-41 inches. Munson. — Operator, E. E. Fraser. The spring of 1919 opened somewhat late, the fii'st seeding being done on April 30. Moisture conditions were favourable which were partly due to retentive nature of the soil in this locality. Germination and start of crop were fairly imiform and growth continued healthy throughout the season, ■wheat lengthening from 10 inches to 26 inches between June 13 and July 5. A good crop of wheat was harvested on August 27, and oats sown on May 13, were cut on August 25. The work and results on this station merit special mention in this generally poor crop year. Cost of summer-fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $4.44 per acre, standard, and $6.28 per acre, actual. — Yield per acre Standard Cost Actual Cost 27 bush .. $0 27 per bush.. 0 23 per bush . . 0 24 per bush . . 0 13 per bush . 1 87 per ton — 6 80 per ton.... $0 42 per bush. 0 36 per bush. 0 37 per bush. 0 22 per bush. 2 16 per ton. 8 12 per ton. Wheat alter wheat in 3-year rotation 37 bush... . Wheat after fallow in 5-year rotation 44 bush .-Ufalfa... .. 1 ton 1,333J lbs. 74 DKl'ARrME\T OF AUIttClLTURE 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Vincher Creel-. — Operators, ^Messrs. Sandgrcu aiid Carlson. The spring of 1919 opened early, seeding being in progress by the 4th of April. Germination was onl.v fair, and early in the season a laek of moisture was noticed by the drifting of the soil. The growing erop huug on persistently until the latter part of June; at this time owing to continued drought, heat, and inroads of gophers, a greatly redticed yield became apparent and the result was almost total crop failure. Wheat sown April 4, ripeneil August 15, and oats sown May 12, were cut on August 15. Cost of summer- fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $4.46 per acre, standard, and $6.35 per* acre, actual. Yield per acre Standard Cost Actual Cost Whi^at aftpr [.tllow in 3-ypar rotation 1 bush. 12 lbs. Wheat after wheat in 3-ycar rotation '1 bush. 36 lbs. Wheat after fallow in 5-year rotation 13 bush. 24 lbs. Oats after wheat in 5-year rotation.. Western rye grass in 5-year rotation. .\lfalfa 5 bush. 7 lbs 600 lbs 1,333J lbs. S 7 03 per bush [$10 68 per bush 4 72 per bush i 7 47 per bush 2 52 per bush , [ 3 84 per bush . 1 .54 per Ijush i 2 83 per bush . 17 48 per ton.. . 19 13 per ton. 8 97 per ton.. . 10 52 per ton. Taher. — Operator, 1. L. Holman. The spring of 1919 opened about the average time, seeding being in progress by April 18. Drought and soil drifting were in evidence early. Aided by snow and rain at the beginning of ^lay, a fair recovery and some promise of crop was made up to the middle of June. From this time drought and hot winds prevailed, resulting in a very meagre stand, which was further reduced at cutting time by a hailstorm. As a consequence of these unfavourable circum- stances, this district suffered an almost complete crop failure. On the station, a small return was given by certain fields. Wheat sown April 18, ripened July 28, and oats were sown on May 13. Cost of summer-fallowing three fields, a total of 15 acres, was $4.52 per acre, standard, and $6.41 per acre, actual. Yield per acre Standard Cost Wheat after fallow in 2-year rotation Oats after fallow in 2-year rotation, taken as roughage feed Wheat after fallow in 4-year rotation ' >ats as hay in 4-year rotation Western rye grass 3 bush . 1,200 lbs 4 bush. 36 lbs. No crop No crop SI 94 per bush . 16 40 per ton.. 1 96 per ton.. $ 2 86 per bush . 23 95 per ton. 3 01 per ton. ^Vainwright. — Operator, G. C. Boyd. The spring of 1919 opened in average time, seeding being in progress by April 16. A scant moisture supply ^as early in evidence, soil bc-coming drifty by the end of May. By the middle of June owing to drought and heat, the wheat crop was pretty well burnt. Rains came later in the season and encouraged a second growth which when cut with the mower, made of wheat .i roughage feed for stock. These late rains came in time to save part of the oat crop, permitting a thi-eshing which gave about one-third of a fair return in grain. Wheat was sown on April 16, and oats sown April 25, ripened September 18. This being the first season for operating the station at this point, a variation in yield due to position in rotation is not seen. Wheat as roughage feed gave a yield of 1,200 pounds per acre at a standard cost of $13.82 per ton, and at an actual cost of $21.47 per ton. Oats gave a yield of 20 bushels to the acre and were grown at a cost of 36 cents per bushel standard and 58 cents per bushel actual cost. Cost of summer-fallowing three fields, a total of 15 acres was $6.18 per acre, standard, and $9.73 per acre, actual. Whiila. — Operator, R. H. Babe. The spring of 1919 opened in average time, seeding being in progress by April 19. ^Moisture content of the soil was sufficient for EXPEIUMEXTAL FARMS 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 germination and gave the seed a uniform start. Crop growth held on fairly well until about the middle of June. By this time, the drought was having an eflfect, hot winds soon added their blight, gophers i^ersistently attacked and the combined result was disastrous to the wheat. Oats were withered back to the ground. At harvest time hail further reduced what little wheat remained, resulting in an almost total failure. Wheat sown on April 19, ripened August C, and oats were sown on May 14. Cost of summer-fallowing three fields, a total of 15 acres, was $8.46 per acre, standard, and $14.29 per acre actual. — Yield per acre Standard Cost Actual Cost Wheat after fallow in 2-year rotation Oats after fallow in 2-year rotation Wheat after fallow in 4-year rotation Oats as hay in 4-year rotation, grass seeds failing Western rye grass in 4-year rotation 2 bush No crop 2 bush.._ No crop 1,000 lbs 1 ton $ 7 74 per bush . 6 45 per bush . 11 67 per ton... 5 58 per ton.. . S12 86 per bush. 10 73 per bush . 13 78 per ton. 7 04 per ton. Youngstoivn. — ^Operator, G. S. Coad. The spring of 1919 opened towards the end of April, seeding being in progress by April 22. The moisture supply was short, and by the 20th of May effects of drought were seen, and the destructive work of cutworms was in evidence. Drought continued and by the forepart of July, a crop failure had become a probability. Throughout July and August showers occurred on ten different dates, but the quantity of rain received at no time was effective and consequently almost a total crop failure was experienced. Wheat sown April 22, ripened August 18, and oats were sown on May 7. Wheat gave a yield of 1 bushel and 40 pounds per acre at a standard cost of $4.75 per bushel and an actual cost of $7.28 per bushel. Oats cut for roughage feed gave one ton per acre at a standard cost of $8.61 per ton. Western rye grass gave a return of 1,000 pounds per acre at a standard cost of $5.26 per ton and an actual cost of $11.54 per ton. Cost of summer-fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $4.90 per acre, standard, and $7.21 per acre, actual. Precipitation at this point from April to October amounted to 7-48 inches. II.LUSTR.^TION STATIONS IN S.\SKATCHEWAN Assinihoia. — Operator, P. J. H. Warren. The spring opened here a little later than usual and seeding was started April 22. There was very little moisture in the subsoil, owing to the previous dry season. There was a fair amount of moisture in the spring and all crops made a favourable start Dry weather followed with very little rain and crops suffered considerably. Then a hailstorm in July practically destroyed all crops. Later rain caused a second growth in the oat crop, and gave a small quantity of green feed. Biggar. — Operator, S. E. Shaw. The spring opened here about the usual time and seeding operations were started April 15. The subsoil was dry, but there was a fair amount of moisture in the spring from the snow and light showers of rain. Crops had made a good beginning when the dry weather set in and the dry winds began to blow. Late spring frost did slight damage. The winds caused the soil to drift and cut off the tender plants or covered them over. With these unfavourable conditions the result was practically a crop failure. Some small quantity of green feed was taken from some of the fields. Three of the fields were sown to fall rye and the plan for next season is to seed the whole station down to grass, alfalfa and sweet clover to restore fibre to the soil. 76 DEPAinUEXT OF AGRICVLTCRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Davidson. — Operation, R. Lloyd. The spring opened here later than usual and seeding commenced about the latter part of April. There was a fairly good supply of moisture and the grain made a good start. The treather was dry for a time after seeding, but some good rains came in time to keep the crops growing. Wheat was harvested August 7, and oats August 19. Yields were fair. Late rains added considerably to the yield of the late oat crop. Cost of summer-fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $4.90 per acre, standard, and $5.89 per acre, actual. Yield per acre Standard cost Actual cost Wheat after fallow in 3-year rotation Wheat after wheat in 3-year rotation Wheat after fallow in 5-year rotation Oats after wheat in 5-year rotation Oats where grass failed in 5-year rotation Hay in 5-year rotation 18 bush 9 bush 17 bush. 12 lbs, 21 bush. 20 lbs, 23 bush. 20 lbs 1,200 lbs $0 67 per bush. 1 02 per bush . 0 70 per bush. 0 44 per bush . 0 43 per bush . 8 26 per ton... W 78 per bush. 1 27 per bush. 0 84 per bush. 0 52 per bush. 0 51 per bush. 9 01 per ton. Herbert. — Operator, M. Holmes. The spring opened in fair time here and seeding commenced about the middle of April. Though the soil was fairly dry from the previous dry season, the seed went in under fairly good conditions, and the grain made a good start. Soon after it was up, dry weather set in and continued. Hot winds in July further dried out the soil. The result was an exceptionally early harvest and extremely light crops. Wheat was cut the first week of August. Late rains caused the late oat crop to develop and helped the feed situation. Wheat sown April 22^, ripened August 4. and oats sown May 26, ripened September 9. Cost of summer- fallowing three fields, a total of 15 acres, was $6.28 per acre, standard, and $7.97 per acre actual. — Yield per acre Standard Cost Actual cost $4 83 per bush.. 7 22 per bush . . 4 88 per bush. . 4 50 per bush . . $5 S6 per bush. Ibush 8 97 per bush. 2 bush No crop No crop 2 bush 5 67 per bush. No crop Lloydminster. — Operator, H. Hill. The spring opened about the usual time and seeding was started about the middle of April. The soil was dry from last year, but some spring showers helped this condition somewhat. Dry weather soon set in, which, with the hot winds of July, cheeked the growth of all crops and resulted in an early harvest and light crops. Late rains helped the oat crop, but interfered with the harvest operations. Wheat sown April 17, ripened August 20. Oats were sown May 10. Cost of summer-fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $4.62 per acre, standard, and $5.11 per acre, actual. Yield per acre Standard cost Wheat after fallow in 3-year rotation Wheat after wheat in 3-year rotation Wheat after fallow in 5-year rotation Oats after wheat taken as green feed in 5-year rotation Oats for hay crop in 5-vear rotation Hay 10 bush. 30 lbs. No crop 11 bush 1 ton 1 ton No crop SI 05 per bush. 1 01 per bush. 9 25 per ton... 6 38 per ton... $1 26 per bush. 1 21 per bush. 11 57 per ton. 8 26 per ton. EXPERIMESrAL FARMS 77 SESSIONAL PAPER, No. 16 Madison. — Operator, Ottawa Farm Co. The spring opened here a little later than usual with a good supply of moisture. The grain made good growth on the start, hut dry weather later with hot winds in July checked the growth. Later rains helped all crops, but particularly the late ones. Harvesting was started about the end of August. Wheat was sown April 26, ripened August 29. Oats were sown May 24. Cost of summer-fallowing four fields, a total of 20 acres was $3.64 per acre, standard, and $12.89 per acre, actual. Wheat after fallow in 3-year rotation Wheat after wheat in 3-year rotation Wheat after fahow in 5-year rotation •. Oats after wheat taken as green feed in 5-year rotation Oats for hay crop in 5-year rotation Hay Yield per acre 4 bush. 24 lbs 6 bush. 12 lbs 7 bush. 4S lbs 1,000 lbs.... 1,000 lbs.... No crop Standard cost . $ 2 46 per bush , 1 56 per bush 1 46 per bush 14 32 per ton.. 10 12 per ton.. Actual Cost $ 3 14 per bush . 2 00 per bush. 1 51 per bush . 17 13 per ton. 12 4C pel ton. Maple Creek. — Operator, Q. L.JHammond. The spring opened a little later than usual and there was but little moisture in the subsoil from last year. Seeding was started April 21, and the grain made a good start, as there was a fair amount of moisture early. Dry weather followed accompanied by warm winds which checked the growth, a hailstorm on June 16 completed the damage, and as a result crops here were practically a failure, a little green feed only being taken off some of the fields. Meota. — Operator, Walter Tait. The spring opened in fair time in this district and seeding was started about April 15. Conditions were favourable for growth at first but dry weather soon set in and continued for a long time with very little rain. During July some hot winds came which did material damage to the growing crops. As a consequence all crops were light and harvest early; wheat was cut July 30. Late rains about harvest time helped the late oat crop and the feed situation. Wheat sown April 15, ripened July 30, and oats sown May 14, ripened September 2. Cost of summer- fallowing three fields, a total of 15 acres, was $5.19 per acre, standard, and $6.65 per acre, actual. Yield per acre Standard Cost Actual Cost Wheat after fallow in 3-year rotation Wheat after wheat in 3-year rotation Wheat after fai.ow in 5-year rotation Oats after wheat taken as green feed in 5-year rotation Oats in place of hay crop in 5-year rotation Oats as green feed for hay crop 11 bush 2 bush. 36 lbs. 10 bush. 36 lbs., 1,200 lbs 10 bush. 131 lbs 1,200 Iba $1 OS per bush . 3 86 per bush . 1 12 per bush . 19 69 per ton... 0 69 per bush 11 71 per ton... $ 1 29 per bush. 5 12 per bush. 1 34 per bush. 24 67 per ton. 0 88 per bush. 16 04 per ton Pambrum. — Operator, C. W. Appelgren. The spring opened here a little later than usual, seeding was started April 18. The subsoil was dry from the previous dry season, but due to a fair supply of moisture from the snow and early rains the germination was good on most of the fields. The dry weather which followed with winds dried out the soil and caused practically a failure of all crops. A small quantity of green feed was secured from some of the fields. PreZafe.— Operator W. Huxtable. The spring opened a little later than usual and seeding was started about April 20. The conditions at first were favourable and the grain made a good start. Dry weather soon followed and hot winds in July did further damage. The njsults was that all crops were light and harvest early, wheat being cut the first week of August. Later rains helped the late oat crop. Wheat sown April 78 DEPARTMEyr OF AGRICULTURE 11 <5E0RGE V, A. 1921 2t, ripened August 4, and oats sown April 28, ripened August 9. Cost of summer- fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $6.33 per acre, standard, and $7.96 per acre, actual. Yield per acre Standard Cost Actual cost Wheat after fallow in .'J-year rotation. Wheat after wheat in 3-year rotation. Wheat alter fallow in .^year rotation.. Oats after wheat in 5-year rotation. . . Oats for hay in 5-year rotation. 10 bush. 30 lbs. . $0 94 per bush 5 bush 1 71 per busli 16 bush 0 fi6 per bush 16 bush I 0 51 per bush No erop $1 15 per bush. 2 14 per bush. 0 79 per bush . 0 61 per bush. Alfalfa hay in 5-year rotation 1,000 lbs I 7 24 per ton....| 8 90 per ton. Radville. — Operator, E. Xoble. The spring opened here later than usual and seeding was started April 26. The seed went in under fair conditions though there was little moisture in the subsoil. All crops made a good growth at first, but the extremely dry weather which followed with the hot winds checked the normal develop- ment and ripened the crops early. Harvest was started on July 28, and oats were sown May 21. Cost of summer -fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acre.*, was $5.30 per acre, standard, and $7.04 per acre, actual. Yield per acre Standard Cost Actual Cost Wheat after fallow in 3-year rotation Wheat after wheat in 3-year rotation W heat after fallow in 5-year rotation Oats after wheat taken as green feed in 5-year rotation Oats as green teed for hay crop Hay, rye grass 1 bush. 36 lbs 1 bush 3 bush. 36 lbs 1,200 lbs 800 lbs 800 lbs $ 6 32 per bush 7 73 per bush 2 87 per bush 15 52 per ton.. 26 29 per ton $ 8 02 per bush . 9 97 per bush . 3 58 per bush . 20 68 per ton. 35 46 per ton. M z» per ton. . . so 46 per ton. 13 26 per ton.. . 13 85 per ton. Shaunaron. — Operated, Neil iTcLean. The spring opened here a little later than usual, and there was not much moisture in the subsoil owing to the dry season of 1918. Seeding was started April 25 and some showers helped to start germination so that the wheat made a good start and oats fair. Dry weather with warm winds soon set in and continued through the growing season with scarcely any rain. The crops were practically a failure, only a small quantity of green feed being taken from some of the fields. Tugaske. — Operator, E. Wilson. The spring was later than usual in this district and seeding of wheat on the Station was started May 2. There was a good supply of moisture and a fine firm seed bed. All grain made a good start, but dry weather later delayed the growth somewhat, but rains came in time to prevent much damage. Crops were fairly good and harvest was early, both wheat and oats matured by August 7. Wheat sown May 2, ripened August 7, and oats sown May 9, ripened by August 7. Cost of summer-fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $5.62 i>er acre, standard, and $7.01 per acre, actual. Y'ield per acre Standard cost Actual Cost Wheat after Callow in 3-j'ear rotation Wheat second field crop in 3-yf ar rotation Wheat after fallow in 5-year rotation Oats after wheat in 5-year rotation Hay in 5-year rotation Hay in 5-year rotation 18 bush. 48 lbs. 15 bush. 48 lbs. 16 bush. 12 lbs. 38 bush. 13 lbs. 1 ton 1 ton $0 65 per bush. 0 74 per bush . 0 73 per bush. 0 31 per bush 5 62 per ton... 5 62 per ton . . . $0 76t)erbush. 0 87 per bush. 0 85 per bush . 0 32 per bush. 6 54 per ton. 6 54 per ton. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS • 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Weyburn. — Operator, E. Meredith. The spring opened here a little later than usual with a fairly grood supply of moisture. Seeding was started a'bout April 20, and the grain germinated well. Weyburn experienced) one of the driest .years in her history, and ae a result, harvest was early, and crops light. Cutting of wheat was started on July 30. Late rains helped the late oat crop and thus relieved the feed situation. Wheat sown April 22^ ripened July 30, and oats sown May IT, ripened August 11. Cost of summer-fallowing two fields, a total of 10 acres, was $5.09 per acre, standard, and $7.37 per acre, actual. Yield per acre Standard Cost Actual Cost Wheat after [allow in 3-year rotation 6 bush. 30 lbs. Wheat after wheat in 3-year rotation 6 bush 30 lbs.. Wheat after fallow in 5-year rotation 6 bush Oats after wheat in 5-year rotation 24 bush. 17 lbs. Oats in place of hay in 5-year rotation 26 bush Oats in place of hay in 5-year rotation 27 bush. 17 lbs. $1 63 per bush. 1 39 per bush . 1 53 per bush. 0 35 per bush. 0 34 per bush . 0 ,30 per bush $2 09 per bush . 1 81 per bush . 2 07 per bush . 0 44 per bush. 0 42 per bush . 0 39 per bush . Zealandia. — Operator, W. M. Roberts. The spring was later than usual here and seeding of wheat was started April 24, and oats May 19. The seed went in under favourable conditions and the growth at first was promising but the season was so dry with hot winds in July that all crops suffered and were very light. Harvest was started on August 20. Late rains caused considerable new growth in the late oat crop. Wheat and oats were in the shock when the early snow came and winter set in. Cost of summer-fallowing three fields, a total of 15 acres, was $.5.51 per acre, standard, and $0.90 per acre, actual. ILLUSTRATION STATIONS IN QUEBEC Aubrey, Chateaiiguay county. — Operator, Samuel Eeddick. Four-year rotation. Field A. — ^Clover hay and seed. Yielded 2J tons of hay first cutting; actual cost $4 per ton and standard cost $3.30 per ton. There were 200 pounds of seed per acre, at an actual cost of 6 cents per pound and a standard cost of 6 cente per pound. Field B. — Hay, two crops. Yielded 4 tons per acre, at an actual cost of $2.6S per ton, the standard cost ibeing $2.66 per ton. . Field C. — Banner oats. Yielded 26 bushels per acre, at an actual ccsi of 68 cents per bushel and a standard cost of 59 cents' per bushel. Straw estrnoated at 1,000 pound's per acre, at $6 per. ton. Field D. — Corn. Estimated yield 7-9 tons per acre; actual cost, $4.34 per ton, standard cost, $4.30 per ton. It will be noticed that yields of grain and corn are very low. This is due to the late spring and to the excess moisture in the eoil. This land affords an excellent opportunity for a tile drainage illustration. The actual cost of manual labour was 20 cents per hour and for horse labour 7i cents per hour. As a result of the illustration work, Mr. Eeddick has sold $1,500 worth of clover seed. Cap Chat, Qaspe County. — Operator, Chas. F. Roy. Four-year rotation. Field A. — Banner oats. Yielded 441 bushels per acre. Estimated yield of straw, 4.000 pounds. Actuial cost of oats 22 cents per bushel, standard cost being 19 cents per bushel. Field B. — Oats. Yielded 44i bushels per acre. Straw estimated yield, 4,000 pounds. Actual cost of oats, 22 cents per bushel, standard cost, 19 cents per bushel. 80 DEPARTilEST OF AORICOLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Field C. — Banner oats. Yielded 441 bushels per acre. Estimated yield of straw, 4,000 pounds. Actual cost of oats, 22 cents per bushel, standard cost, 19 cents per bushel. Lachute, Argenteuil County. — Operator, S. E. Smith. Four-year rotation. Field A. — Clover Hay. Estimated yield, 3 tons per acre. Actual cost, $3.91 per ton, standard cost, $3.74 per ton. A second crop was taken off this field for seed, which crop gave a yield of 113^ pounds per acre. Field B. — Banner oats. Yield 29* bushels per acre. Straw gave an estimated yield of 1,500 pounds per acre. Actual cost of oats, 45 cents per bushel, standard cost, 37 cents per bushel. Field C — Corn. Estimated yield 16 tons per acre. Actual cost, $2.66 per ton, standard cost, $2.46 per ton. Field D.— Pasture. Charges for labour: Actual cost of manual labour, 21i cents per hour, for horse labour, 10 cents per hour. Standard cost of manual labour, 20 cents per hour, for horse labour, 7 cents per hour. Lac a la Tortue, Champlain County. — Operator, S. T. Lupien. Four-year rotation. Field A. — Timothy hay. Estimated yield, IJ tons per acre; actual cost, $10.1,t per acre or $ S.12 per ton, standard cost, $9.68 per acre or $7.74 per ton. Field B. — Banner oats. Yielded 15 bushels per acre. Straw yielded 1,500 pounds per acre. Actual cost of oats, 78 cents per bushel, standard cost, 55 cents per bushel. Field C. — Clover hay. First crop yielded 50 pounds clover seed per acre and 1,500 pounds straw which was used as fodder. The actual cost was $6 per bushel and the standard cost $5.40 per bushel. Field D. — Corn. Estimated yield, 11.42 tons per acre. Actual cost, $3.52 per ton, standard cost, $3.13 per ton. Estimated cost of manure used, $15 per acre. Height of 'corn between six and seven feet. The soil on this Station is very light sand but splendid results are being obtained and the land is gradually improving. The second turn of the four-year rotation is now started on this Station and crops are increasing. Montmagny, Monimacjny County. — Operator, F. G. Fournier. Four-year rotation. Field A.— Banner oats. Yielded 29| bushels per acre. Estimated yield of straw, 2,600 pounds per acre. Actual cost of oats, 46 cents per bushel, standard cost 38 cents per bushel. Field B. — Clover hay. Estimated yield, li tons per acre. Actual cost, $6.50 per ton, standard cost, $6.34 per ton. A crop of seed was grown on this field. Field C. — Banner oats. Yielded 20 bushels per acre. There were 2,600 poimds of straw. Actual cost of oats, 70 cents per bushel. Field D. — Hay. Estimated yield, 1\ tons per acre. Actual cost, $8.32 per ton, standard cost, $8.11 per ton. A heavy hailstorm damaged the grain crop on the Station, lessening the yields about one-half. New Carlisle, Bonaventure County. — Operator, E. M. Legallais. Four-year rota- tion. Field A. — ^Hay. Estimated yield, 3 tons per acre. Actual cost, $4.61 per ton, standard cost, $4.53 per ton. Field B. — Oats. Yielded 53 bushels per acre, actual cost being 41 cents per bushel, standard cost, 37 cents per bushel. Straw yielded 1,500 pounds. Field C. — Potatoes. Yielded 350 bushels per acre. Actual cost, 47 cents per bushel, standard cost, 46 cents per bushel. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Field D. — Hay. Estimated yield 3 tons per acre. Actual cost, $4.61 per ton, standard cost, $4.53 per ton. The actual cost of manual labour was 20 cents per hour and of horse labour 10 cents per hour. An application of fish was applied to Field D and gave very good results. New Richmond, Bonaventure County. — Operator, J. B. Cyr. Four-year rotation. Field A. — Hay. Estimated yield, 1 ton per acre. Actual cost, $11.21 per ton, standard cost, $9.91 per ton. This field was seeded before the illustration work was commenced. Note the difference in yield and cost later. Field B. — Banner oats. Yielded 31^ bushels per acre. Estimated yield of straw, 1,000 pounds. Actual cost of oats, 62 cents per bushel, standard cost, 41 cents per bushel. Field C— Banner oats. Yielded 31J bushels per acre. Estimated yield of straw, 1,000 pounds. Actual cost of oats, 51 cents per (bushel, standard cost, 38 cents per bushel. Field D. — Hoed crops. Turnips : Yield, 18 J tons per acre; actual eos.t, $2.88 per ton, standard cost, $2.18 per ton. Corn: Estimated yield, 12J tons per acre; actual cost, $4.57 per ton, standard cost, $3.54 per ton. Charges for labour: actual cost of manual labour, 30 cents per hour, for horse labour, 15 cents per hour. Standard costs: 20 cents per hour for manual labour and 7 cents per hour for horse labour. Rimouski, Rimouski County. — Operator, Nazaire Begin. Four-year rotation. Field A. — Potatoes. Yielded 250 bushels per acre. Actual cost, 39 cents per bushel, standard cost, 32 cents per bushel. Fish was used as a fertilizer on this field. Field B. — Hay. Estimated yield, 2 tons per acre. Actual cost, $4.72 per ton, standard cost, $4.46 per ton. Field C. — Banner oats. Estimated yield, 40 bushels per acre. Straw yielded 1,700 pounds per acre. Actual cost, 37 cents per bushel, standard cost, 35 cents per bushel. Field D. — Hay. Estimated yield, lA tons per acre. Actual cost, $8.32 per ton, standard cost, $7.65 per ton. Three-year rotation. Field A. — Pasture. Field B. — Hoed crop. Potatoes: Yielded 355 bushels per acre. Actual cost, 45 cents per bushel, standard cost, 41 cents per bushel. Turnips: Yielded 475 bushels per acrei Actual cost, 15 cents per 'bushel, standard cost, 12 cents per bushel. Corn: Estimated yield 10 tons per acre. Actual cost, $5.41 per ton, standard cost, $4.75 per ton. Field C. — Banner oats. Yielded 53 bushels per acre and 1,700 pounds of straw per acre. Actual cost of oats, 31 cents per bushel, standard cost, 24 cents per bushel. Stanbridge East, Missisquoi County. — Operator, C. 'S. Moore. Four-year rotation. Drained Land. — Field A. — Banner oats. — Yielded 33.8 bushels per acre. Straw estimated at 1,500 pounds per acre. Actual cost of oats, 42 cents per bushel, standard cost, 32 cents per bushel. Field B. — ^Hoed crop. Turnips yielded 15;^ tons per acre, at an actual cost of $3.05 per ton, the standard cost being $2.92 per ton. Mangels yielded 21J tons per acre, actual cost being $2.16 per ton, standard cost, $2.07 per ton. Field C- — Hay. Estimated yield 1 . 9 tons per acre, at an actual cost of $5.87 per ton, standard cost of $5.58 per ton. 82 DEPARTMKST OF ACRICVLTURK 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Field r>. — flay. Estimated yii-ld 2.7 tons per acre. Actual cost, $4.83 per ton. .standard cost, $4.47 per ton. iJndrained Land. — Field E. — TIay. Estimated yield 1 2/5 tons per acre. Actual cost, $9.14 per ton. standard cost, $8.62 ]>er^ton. Field F. — Hay. Estimated yield 1 2/5 tons per acre, actual cost being $3.95 per ton standard cost, $8..53 per ton. Field G.— Corn. Estimated yield, 7 tons per acre. Actual cost being $3.95 per ton, standard cost, $5.17 per ton. Field II. — Banner oats. Yielded 31} bushels per acre, 1,500 pounds straw. Actual cost, 45 cents per bushel of oats, .standard cost, 37 cents per bushel. The actual cost of manual labour was 18 cents per hour; of one horse, 33 cents per hour, and of a two-horse team, 48 cents per hour, including man. Standard cost of manual labour, 20 cents per hour, of horse-labour, 7 cents per hour. Note. — In 1918 seed sown on drained land produced 24.09 bushels more than that sown on undrained land. Taking $1 as price of seed per bushel, the difference is $24.09. It will be noticed that the difference has not been so great in 1919, the reason being the special preparation of the land and the exceptionally favourable weather for crop production on low lands. St. Julie, Verchcres County. — Operator, L. Hebert. Four-year rotation. Field A. — Banner oats. Yielded 46 bushels per acre with 1.500 pounds of straw, at an actual cost of 30 cents per bushel, the standard cost being 25 cents per bushel. Field B. — ^Hoed crop. Corn : Estimated yield of 14 tons per acre, at an actual cost of $3.26 per ton and a standard cost of $2.99 per ton. Swedes : Yielded 7 J tons per acre, actual cost being $3.26 per ton and a standard cost of $2.99 per ton. Field C. — Clover Hay. Estimated yield 3A tons per acre, actual cost being $4.0S per ton, standard cost, $3.57 per ton. This field yielded 93 pounds of clover seed per acre, at a cost of 11 cents per pound, making a profit of $45.57 per acre. Field D. — Hay. Estimated yield per acre li tons; actual cost, $6.38 per ton, stan- dard cost, $6.22 per ton. Charges for labour : actual cost of manual labour 22i cents per hour, horse labour 10 cents per hour. St. Gedeon, Chicoutimi County. — Operator, Wilfred Simard. Four-year rotation.. Field A.— Hay. Estimated yield, 2J tons per acre. Actual cost, $4.32 per ton, standard cost, $3.88 per ton. Field B. — Banner oats. — Yielded 23 bushels per acre. Straw estimated at 1,000 pounds per acre. Actual cost, 54 cents per bushel, standard cost, 44 cents per bushel. Field C. — Potatoes. Yielded 246 bushels per acre : actual cost. 40 cents per bushel, standard cost, 35 cents per bushel. Field D. — Hay. Estimated yield IJ tons per acre; a.ctual cost, $7.65 per ton, standard cost, $7.38 per ton. Charges for labour : Actual cost of manual labour, 23 cents per hour, for horse labour, 10 cents per hour. Standard cost for comparison: manual labour, 20 cents per hour, horse labour, 7 cents per hour. Si. cut, Yaudreuil County. — Operator, L. Besner. Four-year rotation. Field B. — Corn. Yielded 12 tons per acre. Actual cost, $2.67 per ton, standard Actual cost of oats, 49 cents per bushel, comparative or standard cost, 45 cents per bushel. Field B. — Corn. Yielded 12 tons per acre. Actual cost, $2.67 per ton, standard cost, $2.60 per ton. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Field D. — Hay. Yielded 2 J tons per acre. Actual cost, $2.37 per ton, standard cost, $2.31. The oats suffered greatly from rust. L'Assomption, L'Assomption County. — Operator, J. Papin. The land at L'Assomp- tion is in preparation for commencing a four-year rotation in 1920. ILLUSTRATION STATIONS IN QUEBEC, li>20 Illustration Stations which will be in operation in 1920 have been selected at the following points in Quebec: — Buckingham, Ottawa county. Operator, E. Brady. St. Etienne des Gres, St. Maurice county. Operator, T. Bournival. St. Tite, Champlain county. Operator, N. Delisle. Pierreville, Tamaska county. Operator, S. Traversy. Weedon, Wolfe county. Opera'tor, J. Allard. Plessisville, iTegantic county. Operator, E. Jutras. St. Casiijiir, Portneuf county. Operator, E. St. Germaine. St. Malachie, Dorchester county. Operator, K Tremblay. ILLCSTRATIOX STATIONS IN NOVA S(X)T1A. 1920 Illustration Stations have been selected at the following points in 5vova Scotia, and will be in operation in 1920: — Big Baddeck, Victoria coimty. Operator, .T. A. Kiley. Kenneteook, Hants county. Operator, Norman Neil. Mabou, Inverness county. Operator, Duncan Boyle. New Glasgow, Pictou county. Operator, Geo. Eraser. Sydney, Cape Breton county. Operator, Daniel Morshead. Tataniagouche, Colchester county. Operator, Galvin Clark. ILLUSTRATION STATIONS IN NEW BRUNSWICK, 1920 Illus'tratioii Stations have been selected at the following points in New Bruns- wick, and will be in operation in 1920: — Apohaqiii, King's coimty. Operator, Jas. Manchester. Middle Coverdale, Albert county. Operator, H. E. Mitton. Millville, York county. Operator, P. Graham. Rexton, Kent county. Operator, J. D. Dickinson. Woodstock, Carleton county. Operator, E. W. Turner. DIVISION OF EXTENSION AKD PUBLICITY EEPORT OF THE OFFICER IN CHARGE, W. A. LANG The work of tlie Division of Extension and Publicity during the past yeav consisted, as in previous years, in the preparing and staging of exhibits at fall fairs, poultry shows, seed fairs and corn shows, etc., in the distribution ef literature at these different exhibitions, and in attending to applications for literature, which have been received through the mails and at exhibitions and fairs during the year. 16—6} 84 DEl'AiaHEXT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Early in 1919 the chief of the division was sent by the Department of Trade and Commerce with a combined exhibit to the Industrial Fair a't Lyons, France, and was absent from Canada until August. The exliibit from the Department of Agriculture, Canada, to the Lyons Fair consis'ted of a display of Canadian apples, whose size, variety, and colour evoked the highest admiration; grapes, pears, and peaches, preserved in alcohol in transparent glass jars were also a notable addition to the fruit display. Sheaf samples of Cana- dian grains, specimens of flax, hemp, wool, flour, etc., were also exhibited and to add to the attractiveness of the exhibit large lighted transparencies were used to illustrate such subjects as Canadian sheep-reariiig, wheat fields, fruit-growing, etc. A general exhibit was prepared at the Central Farm and sent ou't to cover the provincial fairs in Western Canada, held at Eegina, Calgary, Edmonton, Saskatoon, and Brandon. This exhibit was supplemented by local exhibits from the Branch Farm iu the district in which the exhibition was held. Exhibits consisting of recommended old and new varieties of cereals, models of poultry houses and equipment, models of live-stock buildings, together with attractive, backgrounds with instructive legends and coloured transparencies, were prepared at Ottawa and sent to 'the following places in Ontario : Woodville, Orangeville, Listowel, Mitchell, Milverton, Thorndale, Avonmore, Newington, Norwood, Bowmanville, ifetcalfe, and Russell. Larger exhibits of the same style were staged at London and Ottawa exhibitions. During the fall and winter months, a special poultry exhibit was sent to the poultry shows at Toronto, Niagara Falls, Sarnia, Owen Sound, Peterborough, Paris, Oakville, Beamsville, St. Catharines, and Pictou. This exhibit was an arrangement of pillars holding coloured transparencies of different varieties of fowl, poultry houses, etc., appropriate legends, display of different poultry feeds, and models of poultry houses and appliances, etc., that had been given a trial and found satisfactory on the various Branch Farms. Live fowl were also exhibited with timely hints for their care and management. A special grain exhibit, emphasizing corn-growing in western Ontario. wa« staged at the Chatham Com Show. As the same exhibit structures had been at some of the Branch Farms for >• number of years, it was thouglrt advisable to have these changed, and during th'j month of January the structures from Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbin were assembled at Lethbridge, where the British Columbia exhibits were repaired, revarnished, and the legends changed to suit the Prairie Provinces, and the prairi>> structures changed to suit British Columbia. They were then reshipped to the different Farms. During the fair season in the different provinces, each Farm was made a centre from which exhibits were sent out. Local material such as grain, threshed, and in the sheaf, grasses, flowers, fruit, etc., were added to the models and strucrtures at the Branch Farms, and thus a complete exhibit was staged as follows: — Charlottetown, Experimental Station exhibited at Charlotteto-«-n, Souris, George- town, and Sumiiierside; Frederieton Station at Fredcricton, Woodstock, and Chatham: Kappan Farm at Oxford and Shubenacadie ; Lennoxville Station at Sherbrook '. Hrome, and Ste. ScholaStique; Cap Rouge Station at Three Rivers, Quebec City, St. Romuald, St. Michel, and Bale St. Paul; Morden Station at Plenty, Zealaudi-i. Alsask, Kindersley, Bounty, Maclin, Lussland. At the Brandon Farm live-stoel-r exhibits were sent to the provincial summer and winter fairs at Brandon, and championship and other prizes were won. The Indian Head Farm sen't exhibits to the Regina summer and winter fairs, SLntaluta, Indian Head, and the Swift Current poultry shoiv. In British Columbia, the Summerland Station exhibited at Kamloops. Armstrong, Kelowna, New Westminster, Peachland, Pentlcton, Xaramata, Summer- EXPERIMESTAL FARUS 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 land; Inveriiiere Station at Cranbrook, Creston, Nelson, Trail, Kaslo; the Sidney Station at Vancouver, New Westminster, Duncan, and Kamloops ; and Agassii Farm contributed to the combined exhibit at New Westminster and Vancouver. Due to the scarcity of help at some of the Farms and Stations, it was found impossible to do any exhibition work. During the year, a large number of applications for literature, both exhibitioi^ circulars and bulletins, were received and attended to by the division. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, CHARLOTTETOWN. P.E.I. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, J. A. CLARK, B.S.A. THE SEASON The winter of 191S-19 was exceptionally mild. The '"freeze-up'' occurred on November 26, and sufficient snow for sleighing fell early in December. This remained on the ground throughout the winter. There were very few storms, and no heavy thaws. The month of April was cold and backward. The fields were dry enough to plough, but were not fit to seed until after the middle of May. The grass wintered well, and gave excellent crops of hay and pasture. No frost occurred in Jtme, which was very unusual. June and July were very favourable for aU crops except com, which started slowly. Haymaking was somewhat retarded by rainy weather, but most of the crop was saved in good condition. Grain crops were so heavy that considerable lodging occurred. September was a very favourable harvest month, and the grain went in the barns in splendid shape. Potato tops were first killed by a frost on the 15th of September, The fruit crop was above the average. October was showery, but favourable for autumn work. The first killing frost occurred on the Sth of October. Potatoes, which were a heavy crop, were stored in good condition. The pastures remained good late into the autumn, A severe frost occurred on the 16th of Novem- ber, but the plough was still going at the end of the month, and winter did not com- mence until about the middle of December, when a very severe cold wave sent the thermometer down to 14 degrees below zero, January and the first haK of February were exceptionally cold, with very little sunshine. A heavy gale occurred on the 19th of February, which unroofed a great many barns and broke a great many trees. The thaw that occurred at this time rendered the country roads impassable for several days. The first part of March was cold, and it was not until the 23rd that the snow cleared oif the fields. Another heavy freshet occurred on that date, destroying a great manv mill-dams. DFPARTMKXT OF ACRICILTURE METBOROLOGICAt Hecords— 1919-20 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Temperature Fahrenheit Bright Sunshine - Maximum Minimum Mean Total Date Degree Date Degree Degree Inch<^s Hours 1919 25 4 28 24 26 5& 18 5& 6 22 1 30 1 18 G 26- 55 74 83 81 78 75 65 55 55 35 44 60 10 2 2 9 12 16 21 & 31 29 17 31 1 3 23 27 34 39 41 36 26 10 -14 -17 -15 - 7 37-965 47-903 59-233 64-064 63-915 56-95 44-048 26-683 19-112 8-115 20-517 29-483 409 2-91 2-22 3-29 4-13 4-78 3-71 3-17 2-60 1-45 4-81 4-75 100-2 215-2 230-5 July 208-9 209-3 September October November December 1920 January February 151-2 113-8 ' .52- 80-1 87-9 73-2 130-4 Totals 41-91 1,658-7 LIVE STOCK Horses The dTaught horses .at this Station at the close of the year, consisted of 3 pure- bred Clydesdale mares, one Clydesdale foal and a Clydesdale gelding, 3 grade draught mares, a grade draught gelding, and in addition to these, one express horse. During the year, 2 grade draught mares were purchased, and the driving mare sold in the autumn to provide stable room for the other horses. The horses are in a good healthy condition, and ready for the spring work. Dairy Cattle During the year 5 pure-bred Ayrshire cows were purchased for the Station: Diana, No. 39821, Sylvia of Glenholm, No. 42135, Buttercup of Glenholm, No. 56491, Pandora of Glenholm, No. 35104, and Lily of Melrose, No. .30634. These, with Lily Helen. No. 53710, and her calf, Eavenwood Victoria, No. 66314, and the Ayrshire bull Ottawa Ivanhoe, No. 60140, constitute our pure-bred Ayrshire herd. The grade cow " Jessie " was slaughtered during the year, as she had reacted to the tuberculin test. Beef Cattle Four pens of cattle were purchased December 1, 1919, and fed an equal amount of hay, turnips and grain for 115 days. Pen I wore scrub, dry cows, Pen II were Shorthorn and Shorthorn grade cows. Pen III were grade Shorthorn steers and Pen IV were grade dairy steers. The following table gives the purchase price, weights, gains, sale price, cost of feed, total cost and profit or loss. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BEEF FEEDING EXPERIilEXTS No. of pen Weight Dec. 1, 1919 Weight Mar. 24, 1920 Gain Cost per cwt. Dec. 1 Average sale price per cwt. Mar 24 Range of price for similar stock, Toronto, Mar. 24, per cwt. Cost of feed Total cost Profit or loss I 3,560 3,900 340 SS 62 $11 35 $10 00 to SIO 50 $ 162 27 S 469 14 *$26 69 II . . . 4,285 4,780 495 9 50 U 55 10 50 to 11 00 162 27 569 35 •17 36 Ill 3,690 4,585 895 10 00 12 88 12 00 to 12 50 162 27 531 27 59 38 IV 3,340 4,190 850 9 85 12 52 11 50 to 12 00 162 27 491 26 33 46 Totals. . . . 14,875 17,455 2,580 9 49 average 12 08 average 11 25 average 649 08 2,061 02 48 79 From this experiment it is evident tha't in Prince Edward Island, where dry cows bring a high price for fox feed in the autumn, it does not pay to try to fatten them. The average loss per Shorthorn grade cow was $4.34, and the average loss on the scrub dry cow was $6.67. On the other hand it does pay to feed a good type of steers. The Shorthorn grade steers gave a profit of $14.85 and the dairy grade steers a profit of $8.36 each. * Swine ' The three grade sows were fattened and marketed. The breeding sows were wintered in a hog cabin 8 feet by 10 feet. One sow contracted pneumonia and died. Hea-s-y storms had blocked up the runway so that she did not have enough exercise. The others came through in good shape and gave Irtters averaging 8 pigs each. An experiment in feeding wheat screenings to pigs over two months old, indicated that a considerable amount or about one-third screenings could be safely substituted for mill feeds. The poultry plant was enlarged to include more yard space so that the chickens could run on new ground. Seven additional contest houses were built. These wer - used for rearing chicks during the brooding season. The total number of chicks hatched in March, April and May, 1919, was 2,032. Of these, 801 were sold when a day old, 907 were reared to maturity with a death loss of 324; 3©7 pullets were transferred to the laying pens, cockerels were sold for breeding stock or retained for mating in the breeding pens. There were 43 culls and 449 broilers and chickens that sold at an average of 75 cents each. A Eecord of Performance was kept of all the birds on the Station and those that made the best records were used as breeding stock. Tlie eleven laying and breeding pens were made up of 79 hens and .537 piillets as follows : — • Pullets Hens Males S.C. 'White Leg-horns . . Barre-20 Prince Edward Island Egg Laying Contest, which will be conducted for 52 consecutive weeks. There are nine pens of Barred Plymouth Rocks, eight pens of White Leghorns, two pens of White Wyandottes, and one each of Rhode Island Reds, Silver Wyandottes and Speckled Sussex. There are sixteen pens from Prince Edward Island, four from Nova Scotia and two from Quebec. The two colonies of Italian bees increased to four during the summer. These were wintered in a four-colony case out of doors. One colony was lost while niovins it late in the autumn by the combs melting down with heat generated by a very strong colony on a warm day. The others wintered well without artificial feeding. An Act for the Prevention of Infectious and Contagious Diseases and for Instruction in Bee-keeping, was prepared for the Provincial Government and passed at the session of 1920. FIELD CROPS The field crops on the rotations gave the following average yield per acre: — Acres Bushels Pounds Barley, Charlottetown No. SO 3 51 9 Oats, Banner 2 69 21 Wheat 3 26 20 Potatoes 3J 235 21 Tons Mangels 1 1" 1.175 Turnips 1 13 »6() Clover hay 13 2 378 Timothy hay 3 3 1,382 CULTUR.\L PLOTS The cultural work on over three hundred plots was continued. The season was favourable and much valuable data were obtained. Twenty-five varieties of cereals were tested in duplicate on uniform test plots, and records of habit of growth and yields recorded. Mass selection is carried on each year using the uniform test plots for the hand selected plots under the Canadian Seed Growers' Association regulations, ilultiplying plots are growTi each year from this seed. They are carefully rogued and the seed inspected by a Canadian Seed Growers' Association inspector before it is sold to farmers. Two varieties of wheat deserve special mention, viz., Early Red Fife, which over a period of many years has shown itself to be well suited to this province, and Huron, a bearded sort of hard wheat, that withstands the wheat scab and glume spot diseases better than most other sorts. Banner oats, that is so favourably known throughout the province, is a good reliable sort and merits first place, which it now holds. Daubeney, an early ripening ▼ariety, gave a full crop for the first season in ninny years. EXPERIilEyTAIj FARMS 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The barley crop shows a considerable increase and the demand for a late ripening barley is increasing. For this purpose the Charlottetown No. 80, a deciduous awnei, two-row sort is strongly recommended. It ripened in 102 days, or at the same date as Banner oats. This sort is now largely sown in the province, replacing the six-row varieties with the tenacious awns. It seems probable that the 62 per cent increase in acreage and the 15-8 per cent of increase in the yield throughou't the province may be attributed to this most promising sort which was originated at this Station. The O.A.C. No. 21 maintained its position as one of the best of the six-row sorts. FORAGE CROPS Boots Fifty-five lots of mangels were sown in uniform test plots to test out commercial seed from different sources. The home-grown seed from the different provinces did not show up as favourably as usual. Home-grown seed had led in yield for a number of years, but in 1919 the best was thirty-seventh in our list. The turnips were quite badly injured by club-root wherever grown without a liberal application of lime. Sugar beets gave an average yield. The carrots were almost completely destroyed by the carrot rust fly. Com The season was unfavourable for ensilage corn. Very few varieties matured beyond the tasseling. The average yield was 6} tons. Grass and Clover Mixtures The following general conclusions have been arrived at after observing 28 grass and clover mixtures for four seasons: Timothy is the standard hay grass, western rye grass is unsuitable for Prince Edward Island, orchard grass and meadow fescue are both promising pa'Sture grasses, sown either alone or together, with or without clover. Tall oat grass fails to persist after the first year and is of doubtful value. Kentucky blue grass is unsuitable to land infested with natural grasses, but on clean land with clover it did fairly well. Eed top is a vigorous persistent grass naturally adapted to the soil, and once started it keeps gaining in strength and vigour. Its value, however, is as a bottom grass for pasture purposes and the present commercial sort could be greatly improved if special pasture strains with thick bottom growth were developed. Boot Seed Production Root seed was produced on a commercial scale and a satisfactory yield obtained The seed did not mature quite as evenly as we would like to have had it, and it was slightly undersized. The following quantities were grown and sent to the Central Experimental Farm for recleaning with the best machinery:- — Name Pomids Half Sugar White mangel 11,363 Yellow Intermediate mangel 1,747 Yellow Intermediate mangel (Charlottetown selection) 1,060 Champion Swede turnip 2,286 90 DEPARTIIF.ST OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 HORTICULTURE Tree FruUs The orchards of apple, cherry and plum which have grown slowly since planting in 1910 did very much better in 1919. It was found that the young trees had been lifted by the frost the first few years and that the roots were too close to the surface. The remedy applied was the ploughing of soil towards the trees and the banking of the individual trees to. some extent with soil. The result has been marked in the growth. The pear orchard which was moved and reset more deeply a number of years ago. has grown much better than the other orchards. The orchards were sprayed regularly and kept free from disease and insects. A small proportion of the trees fruited and gave fruit of good quality. Small Fruits Prince Edward Island is adapted to the production of small fruits and the many varieties of strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, and currants did well. Raspberrie.; regularly produce a fiUl crop if given reasonable attention, and the demand for this fruit is much greater than the supply. Trees, SJtruhs, Flowers and Lawns The approach to the Station is steadily improving from year to year as the scheme of planting is more fully developed. The general effect at present is verv beautiful, with the Station buildings as the center of a landscape and the several groves, shrubs and flowers as the setting round about. The severe winter of 1919 killed quite a number of shrubs that were considered hardy here before. This was probably caused by the very low temperatures of December before the snow came. The flowers are one of the greatest attractions for visitors to the Station. These were very fine throughout the entire season. The pond lilies, sweet peas, dahlias and the beds of perennial flowers merit special mention. Vegetahles Cultural and variety tests were conducted with all the lea'ding varieties of ve^- tables in the field and garden. Over seventy-five sorts of potatoes were grown and a record kept including the percentage of leaf roll and mosaic diseases present. Amone the few varieties that were free from these diseases was the Mclntyre. An attempt is being made to locate disease resistant potatoes in order to overcome these diseas'^ which are at present taking such a hea\-j- toll from the potato crop. The outstanding vegetables for the season were: Celery, tomatoes, beans and peas. The celery deserves special mention. It was grown in trenches and produced a full crop which wintered well, some stalks being available for seed purposes in 1920. An office building 30 by 30 feet was constructed just west of the Superintendent's residence. This is a frame building, with a concrete basement, including a vault for the storage of records. The first floor has a main office 28 by 14 feet, the Superin- tendent's office, 14 by 14 feet, and a hallway with closets. The second floor is used as a general workroom, for the selection of grain, and for the preparation of exhibition material, etc. Seven contest houses were constructed for the egg-laying contest. EXPERIMESrAL FARMS 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 UNDERDEAIXAGE. The underdi-ainage systems have worked very satisfactorily, with only a fe-v- broken tile which require to be replaced. PICNICS, DEilOXSTEATIONS AND ACRICULTURAL MEETINGS A number of farmers' picnics were held at the Station during the summer. The number coming by automobiles for this purpose has greatly increased. The Prince of Wales students also held their annual picnic at the Station and later attended several demonstrations there. The Superintendent gave a series of lectures at the short courses throughout the province and at the classes in home economics held at Charlottetown from time to time. A. course of lectures on horticultural subjects Was also given to the dependents of the returned men, under -the auspices of the Soldiers' Settlement Board. Addresses were also delivered before the Central Farmers' Institute at Charlotte- town, and the Nova Scotia Farmers' Association of Kentville. The Superintendent also attended the several live-stock conventions in the province, the Maritime Provinces and the Dominion live-stock conventions in Toronto. He attended the Toronto International Exhibition and the Maritime Fat Stock Show. EXHIBITION'S Exhibits were prepared and shown at the provincial exhibition at Charlottetown late in September, and at the county exhibitions at Souris, Georgetown and Summer- side the last week of September and the first week in October. A very iine display of descriptive panels and models was shown together with the natural and preserved specimens of the products of the Charlottetown Station. The attendance was good, the weather favourable and the Farm booth was one of the big features of all the exhibitions held in the province. EXPERIMENTAL STATION. KENTVILLE, N.S. EEPORT OF THE SUPERINTEXDENT, W. SAXBY BLAIR THE SEASON April opened up with no snow on the ground and the frost pretty well all out. There were heavy rains during March but this had been fairly well dissipated by the first of April. Eain fell on eighteen days during the month; this, with three light snowfalls which melted as they fell, resulted in the ground being about as wet at the end of the month as at the beginning. However, light lands which drained readily were in good condition for ploughing after the middle of April and the first work on land was done at this Station on April 24. The temperature was about normal. Clovers and grasses came through the winter in excellent condition. There was almost uninterrupted fine weather during May to the last week and the precipitation up to that time being light, farming operations were pushed along without a stop. As a result, much more work on land was possible during the month than in any other previous year. 92 nEPARTMEXT OF AORiri f.TLRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The crops seeded and grasses and clover came on rapidly showing every indication of conditions being ideal for their growth. The temperature was about 2 degrees above normal, which greatly aided in crop development. A rain of 1'13 inches on the 25th and 26th, which fell gradually, was all taken up by the soil. The sunshine was a little above normal which also helped materially in crop gn"owth. There was frost on the 10th and again on the 15th, 16th and I7th, which was the last of the season. All seeding and the planting of practically all crops had been completed by the first of June at this Station. Never before has it been possible to complete this work so early in the season. June was also a favourable month. There was no rainfall, except two light showers, until the 20th. This made it possible to do very much more work on damp land than is usual. Toward the end of the month the land was pretty dry, but seasonable showers at that time helped out crops and they continued to make strong growth. Fruit trees were in fuU bloom on June -t and the weather being dry with a high temperature during the blossoming period favoured a good set of fruit. The amount of bloom was unusually large and indications pointed to a large fruit crop. A period of dull weather with considerable humidity favoured apple scab development from the 10th to the end of the month and trees not sprayed early developed considerable spotted fruit. The sunshine during the month was above the average. The rainfall was not as gi-eat as usual for June, but all the water which fell was absorbed by the ground, which is u.«ually not the case. Heavy rains of short duration are generally lost by surface drainage. During the first of July crops on naturally dry lands suffered for want of moisture, but after the 6th seasonable showers supplied crops to their requirements. The month was generally favourable throughout for all crops. Clover which was cut early was gathered in fine condition and was a splendid crop of good quality, but because of wet weather during the latter part of the month haying operations were very much hampered. The early part of August was favourable for haying and hay generally was gathered in good condition, but in some cases because of shortage in help this operation was drawn out well into the grain harvest. The first cutting of grain started on the 16th. Dull and unfavourable weather followed until the 13th of September; this was a great drawback as early seeded grain from large areas had to be handled several times to get it into a condition for threshing or storing. Fortunately the rains in the aggregate were not great and little damage to crops resulted in this section, although in some places the grain was injured considerably. The first half of September was wet, after which it came in di^y and farmers had an opportunity to gather all late grain crops without loss. The first frost of the fall was on the 16th when 1 degree was recorded. Traces of this frost were noticeable only in places at this Station, but in some sections tender crops were badly damaged. The corn crop was exceptionally good and was gathered during the last week in September in excellent condition. The month of October was cold, the temperature being about 3 degrees lower than the average. There were 7, 8, 7, 5. 2, 12, 6, 3, 9 and 6 degrees of frost on the 2nd, Otli, 13th, 14th, 18th, 20th, 24th, 29th, 30th and 31st, respectively. The worst frost was on the 20th and this did much injury to unpicked apples in many places. The fruit, generally, because of the frost, seemed to mature prematurely, making it necessary to use greater care in handling it than is usually the case. Because of the very large crop, shortage of efficient picking help, scarcity of barrels and the presence of the cold weather the harvesting was delayed later than usual, but in spite of this handicap all the crop was secured in fairly good shape by the last of the month and very little loss resulted. To s;dd to the troubles of apple gathering rain fell on 15 days during the month, hindering fruit harvest very much. These rains were not excessive, however, and ploughing could be followed up as time permitted. EXPERIMESTAL FXRMS 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The rainfall during Xovember was normal, tLe heaviest being 2-61 inches on th.? 6th, which held up ploughing for a period except on sandy areas. There were light snowfalls on the 15th, 20th and 27th, which melted soon after falling. There was no very cold weather during the entire month and ploughing was not interrupted because of frost to the end of the month. After the 30th no work was done on the land. December has been cold, the mean temperature being 5 degrees lower than the average. The snowfall has been light but with the temperature low and the rain forming ice as it fell, sleighing was possible at certain periods. Toward the end of the month the roads became good for sleighing and continued good throughout the winter. The temperature went below zero on 8 days, the lowest being 11 degrees below on the 18th. January was cold, the mean temperature being 10.105 degrees, while 21.28 was the average for this period during the five previous years. The thermometer went below zero on 14 nights, the lowest being 19 degrees below on the 26th. There is no record of a more severe January and frost penetrated cellars formerly considered frost- proof. There was no rain during the month and the precipitation reported was from melted snow. The snow aggregated 27 inches and only for this snow the frost would have penetrated much more deeply into the soil and even as it is, water pipes considered well below the frost line _have been frozen. There have been no drifting snowstorms and roaKls in this section have not at any time been blocked. There was much more snow from Middleton to Yarmouth than in this section. On the 1st of February the thermometer registered 24 degrees below zero; this is the lowest temperature recorded at this Station. After this there was no more zero weather, the remainder of the month being moderate and pleasant throughout with the mean temperature about normal. There were light snowfalls and the roads were fine for sleighing during the entire month. There were frequent heavy gales, and one in particular on the 19th did damage to buildings. March on the whole was a fine month without the usual heavy snowstorms. Sleighing broke up on the 12th and 13th, when warm weather and a heavy rain of 1'85 inches caused severe floods which did much damage to bridges and roads. The temperature was higher than normal, although zero weather was recorded during the first week in March. The meteorological records for the six months from April 1, 1919, as compared with the average for 1918, and the previous six years, are given in the following table:— Mean Temperature Month Average 1913 to 191S inclusive 1918 1919 39- 17 48-29 57-66 64-95 64-08 56-76 38-74 53-97 57-58 65-43 61-80 58-56 May 50-17 July 94 DEl-ARTMHW l)F .UlItlCL I.TCRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Month Average 1913 to 1918 inclusive 1918 1919 April Miay Inches 2 61 217 2-796 2-998 2-64 3-43 Inches 0-89 1-21 2-30 4-99 1 72 8 06 Inches 3-28 2-48 2-25 July 2-77 .August Soptember 2-21 3-13 Total 16-644 19-17 16-12 Month Average 1913 to 1918 inclusive 1918 1919 April... ; Hours 148-6 173-t) 208-7 217-6 212-5 179-9 Hours 203-7 224-6 214-9 197-8 234-2 165-8 Hours 118- 200-4 244-85 Julv 221-98 191-77 158-45 Total 1,138-9 1,241-0 1.135-45 Meteokolooical Records, 1919-1920 Temperature Precipitation Hours bright sunshine Months Maximum Minimum Mean Rainfall Snowfall | Total Degrees Degrees Degrees Inches Inches in Inches rainfall 1919 April 61 75 87 86 80 82 66 60 50 38 52 67 22 27 34 37 41 31 20 15 -11 -19 -24 -10 40-43 50-17 59-58 65-03 63-19 58- 45-2 37-4 20-8 10- 115 21-80 31-09 3-28 2-48 2-25 2-77 2-21 3- 13 3-93 7-27 2-66 -21 2-73 2-42 Melted Melted 3-28 2-48 2-25 2-77 2-21 3- 13 3-93 3-56 2-91 4-83 3-04 118 May 200-4 244-85 July 221-98 191-77 September 158-45 124-50 November December 1920 January February Melted 9-00 27-00 21-00 6-25 57-25 83-8 59-85 68-71 123-45 Total 35-34 63-25 41-66 1,653-01 I.IA'E STOCK ShorthoTm Catfle. — The registered Shorthorn stock on hand at the close of this year numbers 50 head, which consists of 1 herd bull, 22 cows, 8 heifers one year and over, 13 heifers under one year, and 6 bulls under one year. One cow Louisa May 2nd EXPEItlMEyTAL FARMS 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 and the old lievd bull Jilt's Denis were disposed of for breeding purposes. Six youna; bulls were also sold during the year for breeding. Seven of the cows have qualified in the Record of Performance test, giving credible returns from twice a day milking with ordinary dairy care and regular yearly breeding. The R.O.P. production was as follows: — Hedgyn Susan 7 yrs. old 7,534 lb. Milk 804 lb. Fat Hillview Victoria. . . . . . 12 " 6,596 " 275 •• ■• Meadow Flower 24.th . . .. 11 ■' 6,786 •• 257 ■• ■' Meadow Blossom.. . . 10 " 6,2»3 " 259 " Jleadow Princess . . . . . . 11 •• 6,0T4 ■• 271 " Kentville Jessamine . . 5 •' 5,930 ■' 23« " Kentville Fairj- 2 •• 4,601 " 217 " •• This is an average of 6,257-7 pounds milk and 260-1 p()unds of fat. Ten cows are running in this test at the present time. Sixteen cows have finished lactation periods during the year; 8 mature cows, 6 four-year-old, 1 three-year-old and 1 two-year-old. The cows are handled in every way as a dairy herd. Feed rations are made up as economically as possible and fed for milk production. Meal is given at the rate of 1 pound to 3 or 4 pounds of milk produced. Roots and ensilage from 40 to 60 pounds and hay from 8 to 12 pounds per day, in two feeds. The grain mixture during the year was made up of : — 400 pounds bran at $2.ioi6 per cwt 3i00 pounds cotton seed at $4.50 per cwt. 2'0i0 pounds ground oats at $2.56 per cwt. 100 pounds oil meal at $4.58 per cwt.. . $10 24 13' 50 5 12 4 5S 1.0010 pounds costing. Average cost per 100 pounds about $3.3.5. Hay was charged at $18 per ton and roots and ensilage at .$3 per ton. Salt is given in the meal ration, 1 pound of salt to 100 pounds of meal. Pasture is very limited, making it necessary to feed succulent feeds in the barn during the summer months. The cows were grazed on t"he dyke during September which helped the fall feeding problem materially. The herd of 16 completing their lactation period during the year averaged 271-3 days in milk, and produced 4,747-69 pounds of milk each, averaging 17-49 pounds of milk per day. The per cent of fat in milk averaged 4-09. The butter per cow averaged 228-9 pounds. The value of the butter was $123.74 and the skim-milk $14.63 per cow. The cost of feed per cow from calving to calving was $107.28|, leaving a profit per cow of $31.09. Heifer, Kentville May 2nd cost to one year of age $85.18, made up as follosvv: — Whole milk. 584 lb. at $2.50 per cwt $14 60 .Skim-milic 1.303 lb. at 50c. per cwt 6 51 Meal, 1,-367 lb. at $3.23 per cwt 44 115 Roots. 4,768 lb. at $5 per ton 11 91 Hay, 891 lb. at $18 per ton 8 01 $85 18 Kentville Symmetry cost to one year of age as follows, — ■ Whole milk, 43* lb. at $2.5-0 per cwt $10 75 Skim-milk, 1,452 lb. at 50c. per cwt 7 26 Meal, 1,292 lb. at $3.23 peir cwt 4173 Roots, 3,734 lb. at $5 per ton .. .. 9 34 Hay, 712 lb. at $1-0 per ton g 40 $75 48 96 DEPSRTilEXT OF AGIilCCLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Kentville Susan cost from one to two years of age as follows: — Meal. 1,198 lb. at $S.2S per cwt J38 O Hay, 1,+21 lb. at J18 per ton 12 78 Roots, 7,105 lb. at (5 per ton 17 76 Pasturage, June 1 to Nov. l, 5 months at $1.50 7 50 J76 73 We aim to breed the heifers at 20 months of age. Steer Feeding. — Twenty steers were purchased October 25, 1919, dehorned, and divided into lots of ten each and placed on feed. For the first thirty days they were fed hay, waste potatoes, turnip tops, and a small allowance of grain consisting of mostly wheat bran. From Xovember 2.5 to February 28 the meal mixture was made up of 300 pounds bran, 300 pounds cotton-seed, 200 pounds oats and 200 pounds screenings, and for the remainder of the period a mixture of 300 pounds bran, 300 pounds cotton-seed, 200 pounds oats, and 100 pounds oil meal. The average cost of meal per hundredweight throughout the period was $3.15. Turnips were fed from November 25 until the supply was exhausted, and then ensilage was given for the remainder of the period. Average amount of roots and ensilage fed each steer per day was 35-83 pounds. The steers received 10 jwunds of hay each per day and averaged 6 ■ 1 pounds meal per day throughout the period. They were watered in the yard except for a short time, when water was before them all the time. N>imber of steers fed 20 Number of days In period 150 Total weight of steers at start 18,140 pounds Average weight of steers at start 907 ■• Total weight of steers at finish ; 22.572 Average weight of steers at finish 1,128.6 " Total gain in weight 4,432 Average gain in weight per steer 221.6 " Total cost of steers at start at 9J cents ?1.768 00 Total selling price of steers at 12Sc 2,S21 50 Total gain in value . . 1.053 50 Average cost P^r steer 88 40 Average value per steer at sale 141 07 Average gain in value per steer 52 67 Total amount of meal eaten, 18,320 lb. at $■8.15 per cwt '. % 578 67 Total amount of hay eaten, 30,000 lb. at $18 per ton 270 00 Total amount of ensilage eaten, 46.000 lb. at $5 per ton 115 OO , Total amount of roots eaten, 40,000 lb. at $5 per ton 100 00 Total cost of feed for period 1.063 57 Loss on 20 steers 10 07 Average loss per steer 5^0.35 cents Horses. — One driving horse was purchased during the summer, making a total of 13 horses. During the winter one of the older and u^ideeirable teams was dis- posed of, making a total of 11 horses now on hand. Swine. — The five Torkshire sows bred in December and January farrowed 45 pigs in April and May. Five of these were lost at farrowing time, 32 were sold for breeding, and 8 were disposed of for feeding. These sows were bred again during the summer, but intestinal troubles developed, apparently from the wheat screenings used, resulting in one sow losing her litter and another failing to develop any milk at farrowing time. The other two produced weak and inferior litters, of which several were lost from intestinal parasites. These parasites had found lodgment in the lungs, resulting in an unthrifty development and in some cases loss from pneumonia. The lungs from several of these young pigs were forwarded to the Health of Animals EXPERIMEyTAL FARMS 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Branch, Ottawa, to locate the trouhle. Two of the old sows were disposed of and two produced litters of 10 and 12 during March. The pigs on hand on March 31, 1920, were 1 boar, 2 sows, and 22 small pigs. Except the consti'uction of three 6 by 8 colony houses for housing growing chickens, no additions have been made to the poultry housing equipment. A Buckeye incubator, with a capacity of 2,440 eggs, was installed during the early spring of 1919. This incubator is iitted with fans for distributing the warm air through the egg chamber. These fans are run by electricity, and because of having only night electric service difficulty was experienced in arranging motor power for the fans. This was supplied by a water motor, but the results were not very satis- factory. Out of 1,936 eggs set, of which 91 per cent were fertile, only 27 per cent hatched. This was due to uneven water pressure and consequent variation, together with some vibration from the water motor. The hatch from 369 eggs put under hens was 80 per cent. It was decided wise to confine the stock to Barred Plymouth Rock and Wliite Wyandotte. After a careful selection on November 1, breeding pens were made up of 90 pullets and 28 hens of Barred Plymouth Eock and 68 pullets and 24 hens of White Wyandotte. In addition there were 40 late hatched pullets and 3 hens, making )a total of 198 pullets and 55 hens. During the winter some of the pullets were disposed of, so that on March 31 there were 42 breeding hens, 121 breeding pullets, and 31 pullets undesirable for breeding. The total egg yield from 183 pullets was 9,024 eggs for the five months com- mencing November 1, an average of 49-3 eggs per pullet for the whole flock. In January, 45 pullets laid over 20 eggs each. In February, 75 pullets laid over 20 eggs each, and in ]\Iarch, 87 pullets laid over 20 eggs each. Pen 1 averaged 19-8 eggs in February and 25-3 eggs in March. Pen 3 averaged 19-5 eggs in February ■and 24-7 in March. Pen 3 averaged 18-3 eggs per pullet in February and 24-2 in March. The best pullet had 134 eggs to her credit on the 31st March and six had laid over 100 eggs. As stated above, the whole pullet flock has averaged 49-3 eggs each for the five- month period from November 1. These at 60 cents a dozen represent a value from each pullet of $2-465. Feeding. — The whole grain fed during the winter was cracked corn, wheat and oats. The dry mash was made up of bran, shorts and crushed oats in equal parts. Oyster shell, grit and beef scrap were before the hens all 'the time, and whole mangels v.'ere supplied daily for green feed in quantity that wo\ild be eaten up nicely in two hours. The feed cost per month has beea 33-4 cents per pullet. The average pullet production during the five months commencing Novemberl was 49-5 eggs per month, which were sold for $2.46, and the cost of feed was $1.67 for the same period, or a profit above cost of feed of 79 cents per pullet. It has been possible to make considerable progress with bees during the season. Of the twelve colonies wintered, eleven came out in the spring fairly strong. In addi- tion, ten colonies were purchased, and these, with the increase, gave a total of thirty- six colonies. All were wintered in cases outside, as is the usual practice. One colony produced 316 pounds of honey. Twenty-one colonies yielded 701 pounds of apple blossom honey. In one colony 83 pounds were gathered in five days, 1ft— 7 98 nEPARrilE\T OF AURICILTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 or an average of 16-3 pounds per day during the height of the fruit bloom. This same eolony brought in 19 pounds of honey in one day as the greatest daily produc- tion. The average of the twenty -one colonies was 132-8 pounds for me season. FIELD HUSB.WDRY Hay. — The field crops were exceptionally good during the year. The clover hay produced on the Station amounted to 61 tons 1,610 pounds; of this, 25 tons .">50 pounds were gathered from S acres. The dyked areas yielded 5S tons MO jioiinds. The total hay crop amounted to 135 tons. Grain. — The gn'ain yield amounted to 1,352 bushels. Twelve acres of Banner oats yielded 623 bushels per acre and A\ acres of Victorv oats yielded 60 bushels per acre. Ten acres of Banner oats grown at Coldbrook yielded 574 bushels. This makes a total of 1,926 bushels threshed. Com. — Eight acres of Longfellow cora produced IS tons 1,620 pounds per acre. Other areas not in good fertility for corn produced nuich smaller yields. The total com harvested for ensilage amounted to 255 tons 1,590 pounds. Mangels. — An area in mangels averaged 939 bushels per acre, and the plot inangels averaged 9S0 bushels per acre. The total yield was 3,213 bushels. Turnips. — ^Because of club-root it is impossible to grow a good turnip crop. Tlie yield on one area was only 460 bushels per acre because of this disease. A small area fairly free from the disease yielded 780 bushels per acre, and a field apparently free yielded 820 bushels per acre. A total of 3,040 bushels was harvested. CERE-^LS The cereal crops were grown in one-half acre areas. The crop yields were as follows : — Victory oats S3 . 5S hushels. Banner No. 4!' oats 71.29 ' Alanohurian barley 33.12 Xo. 80 C barely -39 . 04 Duckbill barley 36. f 6 " Marquis wheat ;;4.S3 Huron wheat 24 . 16 Red Fife wheat 26 . 6S Spring rje 27..=i9 inches of rain and 6 inches of snow. In spite of this, the root crops were successfully harvested and approximately one hundred acres of land were ploughed in preparation of the season pf 1920. December was an abnormal month. It was characterized by unusually severi' weather, the coldest, with the exception of 1917, during the previous seven years. Cold settled weather prevailed throughout, with nine days of zero weather, the coldest of which occurred on the 18th when the mercury dropped to 18 degrees below zero. The precii)itation aggregated 2'05 inches, made .up of 1'2 inches of rain anil 8J inches of snow. At no time during the month was there snowfall sufficient for sleighing. Meteorolooical Records Month Temperature Precipitation Sunshine Highest Lowest Mean Rainfall Snowfall Total Days 1 Hours January February 39 53 60 7.5 84 85 80 78 64 60 48 -13 0 20 24 31 33 38 33 20 7 -18 20-99 23-72 29-75 38-65 48-40 58-38 64-83 63-17 56-80 43-11 35-98 17-44 Inches 1-24 0-48 2-24 3-26 2-27 2-73 3-88 1-28 3-97 2-50 5-09 1-20 Inches 3-25 15-00 Inches 1.56 1-98 2-25 3-26 2-27 2-73 3-88 1-28 3-97 19 86-7 17 101-7 19 120-9 17 94-:! May 29 197. H 28 28 28 238-2 July 206-7 200-0 September 134-0 2-50 i 22 127 0 November December 600 8-50 5-69 2-05 15 20 .58 -S 98-3 Total 30-14 32-75 33-42 1,664-4 LIVE STOCK Horses. — Eighteen horses are kept at the Station, including four pure-bred Clyde mares, two two-year-old mares, one two-year-old stallion, one one-year filly, one span of grade Clyde mares and one grade yearling colt. The remaining horses are ju*t ordinary grades. The above horses are used to carry on the work at the Station, as well as for breeding and experimental feeding work, and are in good condition for this year's work. Dairy CatUv. — The ''grade-up" experiment, being conducted with dairy cows of average breeding, has now completed its seventh year's work. The object of this experiment is to prove tliat by the use of a pure-bred sire of the highest type which is backed by high milking qualities one can increase his profits many times, and that, after all, it pays to use nothing but the best if the most paying results are looked for. Up to date this has been proven as the majority of the individuals produced are superior to their dams, not only in production, but likewise in type and dairy confor- mntion. Beef Cattle. — Twenty-three steers of average beef type were fed during the winter. These steers were dividetl into four lots. Lot 1 consisted of eight steers which were tied. Their average weight at the beginning was 1,062 pounds and at the finish, their weight was 1,2S6'7 pounds. These were fed the following meal mixture: 200 pounds bran, 200 pounds oats, 100 pounds cotton seed, 50 pounds oil cake. Lot 2 consisted of five steers loose in box stall. Their average weight at the beginning was 1,061 pounds, aad lit the finish, their weight was 1,22-J: pounds. These received the same meal mixture as Lot 1. EXPERIHEXTAL FAliilS l03 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Lot 3 consisted of five steers loose in box stall. Their average weight at the l:>eginniiig was 893i pounds and their weight at the finish was 1,067 pounds. The meal mixture they received was as follows : 200 pounds bran, 100 pounds crushed oat~, 100 pounds ground screeni-ags. Lot 4 consisted of five steers loose in box stalls. Their weight at the beginning was 837'6 pounds and at the finish, their average weight was 1,001'6 pounds. They received the following meal ration : 100 pounds bran, 200 pounds screenings. 100 pounds cotton-seed, 50 pounds oil cake. The costs per pound of the meal mixtures are as follows: Lots 1 and 2, 3-19 cents. Lot 3, 3"15 cents. Lot 4, 2'93 cents. The following table is a summary of the four lots fed, giving the main points of interest, for comparison : — How Housed ■ Tied in bam Loose in stall Lot! Lot 2 Lot 3 Lot 4 Roots and meal Roots and meal Roots and meal Roots and meal Number of steers Average weight of steers at start Daily rate of grain per steer Cost of 1 pound gain Cost of feed per steer per day . Profit per ??teer lb'.' lb. . . cts. . cts. . $ 8 1,062 2081 22-35 46-54 20.60 1,061 1-947 23-89 46-54 19.08 5 893-4 2-066 21-16 46-11 14.96 837-6 1-952 22-42 43-78 13 69 The most striking point in the above test is that there is a greater profit to be realized in the feeding of steers over 1,000 pounds, because you have increased in value, in the heavier steer, a larger amount of meat, which costs you some two or three dollars less than that for which it is sold. The spread in this case was $3.48, which is a fairly good spread between the buying and selling price. The profit per steer should be encouraging to the beef feeders inasmuch as fair profit may be realized out of beef even at the' high prevailing price of mill feeds. Sheep. — Two flocks of sheep are kept at the Farm. One is a grade flock, consisting of thirty-one breeding ewes of all ages. We are carrying on improvement work in breeding up more profitable ewes by the use of good pure-bred rams. Some excellent results have been obtained up to date. The pure-bred Shropshire flock consists of thirty-two breeding ewes of all ages, which are in good condition and giving most satisfactory results. The object of this flock is to aid in the improvement of the Shropshire breed by selling out good stock rams, to show the cost of production and profit to be realized out of a good pure-bred flock and to obtain information on the cost of maintenance. Swine. — Two herds are kept, viz. : Yorkshire and Berkshire. Unfortunately, we have not had very good residts from our pigs as many of the young stock have died with white scours. At the present time we have eight pure-bred Yorkshires, one Yorkshire boar, one Berkshire sow, one Berkshire boar and thirty young feeders. The past year has been a very successful one at this Farm in the poultry work. Three breeds were kept, namelj". Barred Rocks, S. C. White Leghorns, and White Wyandottes. The number of each breed wintered during 1919-20 was as follows : S. C. White Leghorns — 3 males, 40 hen> and 56 pullets; Barred Rocks — 1 males, 6>? pullets; White Wyandottes — 17 pullets. 104 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICILTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Wcatlier conditions in the Maritime Provinces are such that the successful hatching of early chicks is a very difficult task. The aggregate number of eggs set during April and May, 1919, was 2,758. 72'9 per cent proved fertile, and 39'77 per) cent hatched, giving a total of 791 chicks. Owing to a severe attack of white diarrhoea, however, the mortality was very high. This condition is brought about very largely by sudden changes in temperature and the chicks getting a chill. Consequently, only 268 were brought to maturity. From the winter production of eggs more satisfactory results were obtained. The number of eggs laid and the cost per dozen is as follows: November, 86 eggs at $1.52 per dozen; December, 202 eggs at 60 cents; January, 456 eggs at 39 cents; February, 534 eggs at 26 cents, and March, 657 eggs at 22 (ients. Taking into account the very severe winter, this may be considered a very good showing for 181 birds, most of which were late-hatched pullets. Egg-laying Contest. — Egg-laying contests in the past have been a factor not only in stimulating a greater interest in poultry work, but have aided much in increasing production from a commercial standpoint. For these reasons it was decided to start a contest at Nappan with the object of helping the poultry breeders in the sections of the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, which this Farm serves. The contest was opened November 1, 1919, with twenty entries of ten birds each. Out of the twenty contestants, nine were from Nova Scotia, eight from New Bruns- wick, two from Ontario and one from Quebec. In spite of the cold winter, and the fact that many of the birds entered were late hatched pullets, the results up to date are most encouraging. Approximately 9,000 eggs have been produced during the five winter months from 200 birds. From an apiarist's standpoint, the past season has been only fair. A fairly mild winter, followed by a late cold spring, caused a heavy mortality. Seven colonies which survived the winter of 1918-19 were increased to fourteen during the season. The total productiou from fourteen colonies was 599 pounds of extracted honey. The highest production from a single colony was 147 pounds and the average for all colonies was 85-5 pounds. A ready market was found for the honey at 30 cents per pound. FIELD HUSBANDRY The past season was considered only a fair one so far as general farm crops were concerned. The spring was cold and backward, retarding growth until well on to June. However, good growing weather was experienced through June, July, and part of August, but the conditions for the curing of hay were most unfavourable. Con- sequently, the quality was not nearly so good, on the average, as for 1918. There was, however, an increase of one-half ton per acre over the previous season. The total amount of hay cut at this Farm during the season was 325 tons 440 pounds. The upland hay ranged from 1 ton 1,400 pounds per acre, to 2 tons 108 pounds per acre, while the marsh lands ran from 1 ton 675 pounds to 1 ton 836 pounds per acre. The latter yields are good when it is taken into account that during the Idst three years these marsh lands have been heavily flooded. All grains, eJtcepting mixed grain, were below the average yield of 1918. The following are field returns. Banner oats, 39 bushels per acre; Ligowo oats, 46 bushels per acre; Charlottetown No. 80 barley, 23 bushels per acre; French Chevalier barley, 16 bushels per acre; Red Fife wheat, 16* bushels per acre; Huron wheat, 15 bushels per acre; Silver Hull buckwheat, 13i to 16i bushels per acre; mixed grain, 44 bushels per acre. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 It was only a fair season for corn, the weather being too cold and wet during the early stage. The five acres produced 62 tons 1,960 pounds, or 12 tons 1,192 pounds per acre. Roots were not a very successful, crop. The season was by no means favourable for big yields. This held true throughout the district with but few exceptions. The yield at this Farm was away below the average. It was only 508J bushels per acre on an eight-acre field, which was well tilled and had received plenty of fertilizer. FIELD EXPERIilENT The experiment we conducted to show the value of ground limestone, when used on our heavy clay soils, gave results that are very convincing as to the part ground limestone will play in increasing production, especially in the case of clover hay. The average results over a period of- three years showed a profit over the cost of the limestone, when used in difierent quantities per acre, as follows: One ton per acre, $0.38; two tons, $4.56; three tons, $2.71; four tons, $2.86; five tons, $1.69; check plot, zero. This shows that on the average, two tons per acre is about the most profit- able amount to use. The total values of three-year crops were $60.29, $69.03, $73.08, $72.21, $81.56, and $55.87, respectively. Wheat. — Ten varieties of wheat were tested in duplicate test plots of one-sixtieth of an acre each. The highest yield was Huron (Ottawa), 2,640 pounds, or 44 bushels per acre. The lowest was Xo. 86 D-2, 1,710 pounds, or 28 bushels 30 pounds per acre. Barley. — Eight varieties of barley were tested in like manner to those of wheat. The highest yield was six-rowed Stella-Ottawa 58, 1,680 pouads, or 35 bushels per acre. The lowest was Albert, 600 pounds, or 12^ bushels per acre. In the two-rowed varieties, Charlottetown No. 80 gave 2,715 pounds, or 56 bushels 27 pounds per acre. The lowest w^ Duckbill-Ottawa 57, 1,590 pounds, or 33 bushels 6 pounds per acre. Oats. — Ten varieties were sown in test plots. Highest yield was Ligowo, 3,090 pounds, or 90 bushels 30 pounds per acre. The lowest was Lincoln, 2,535 pounds, or 74 bushels 19 pounds per acre. Buckwheat. — Only five varieties of buckwheat were sown and gave the following yields: Grey, 1,410 pounds per acre; Japanese, 1,455 pounds; Eye, 1,380 pounds; Silver Hull, 1,515 pounds and Tartarian, 1,185 pounds per acre. Field crop of seed grain. — One acre of Eed Fife gave 16 bushels 30 poimds per acre of fairly good grain. One acre of Huron yielded 15 tons of good seed. This grain will be used for seed purposes. FORAGE plaxts Com. — Ten varieties of fodder corn were tested in duplicate plots of one one- hundredth of an acre each. The highest yield was obtained from Longfellow, 14 tons 500 pounds per acre. The lowest was from Yellow Flint, 7 tons 250 pounds per acre. Sugar Beets.— Fonv varieties only were tested. The highest yield wag obtained from Chatham-grown, 10 tons 250 pounds, or 405 bushels per acre. The lowest was from Waterloo, 9 tons, or 360 bushels per acre. Turnips. — Fifty varieties were tested in plots of one one-hundredth of an acre each and the highest yield was obtained from Perfection Purple Top, while the lowe«<^ was from Drummonds, 0 tons 400 pounds, or 248 bushels per acre. 106 DEPARTUEyr OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 A commercial variety test was also made of some fifty leading varictie-s as to tlioir purity and trueness to type. Samples of the same varieties were obtained from ditferent wholcealo seedsmen and planted in duplicate plots. The results obtained wore most striking, inasmuch as it was found that a great many of the varieties, sold under different names, were practically identical; further, that verj" few of the present varieties were pure or true to type. For example, Elephant and ilonarch are sold as two distinct varictiee, yet, so far as the eye could tell, they were identically the same. Other varieties would run as low as 50 per cent true to type. Turnip Seed Production. — Five and one-half acres were planted to Monarch steeklinffs on May 15. Seed was gathered and threshed on September 18, threshed oa canvas Septcnuber 23 and later it was cleaned. The average yield per acre was 30*') piHinds. The yield is below the previous .season, which ranged from 500 to 1,200 pounds per acre. HORTICULTURE Apples. — The apple crop was above the average for most varieties. Arabka Winter was one of the heaviest producers at the Farm. Northern Spy, CharlamofiF, Pewaukee. Baxter, Grimes Golden, Wealthy, Astrachan, and ODnchess yielded in order of standing. The non-productive varieties were Rome Beauty, Mcintosh, and Bethel. The highest percentage wae No. 2. Strawberries. — Fifty-two varieties were on test, eight of which were winter-killed. The yields were not more than average, principally due to too heavy soil. The highest yield, 5,808 quarts per acre, was obtained from Success. The lowest was from Bederwood with only 1,584 quarts per acre. The average was approximately 3,872 quarts per acre. Raspberries. — Eight varieties of raspberries, which were on test, showed a marked falling off in yield as compared with previous season's yields King yielded 4,840 quarts, while Hubert produced only 1,331 quarts per acre. The average yield for all varieties was 2,718-7 quarts per acre. Gooseberries. — ^Seventeen varieties were planted in 1916. The majority were English varieties which have since suffered severely with Downy Mildew. Conse- quently, the yields were not sufficient to warrant them being recorded. Currants. — Most satisfactory production was recorded from the black, red and white currants, with the exception of Clipper, a black variety. The highest yields from the blacks, 14,189-6 quarts per acre, was obtained from Victoria. The lowest yielder was Clipper which produced no fruit. Eclipse was next with only 705-7 quart? l>er acre. The average for all varieties was 5,908-6 quarts. Of nine varieties of reds. Red Dutch gave the best returns, 18,278-9 quarts, while Pomona only yielded 4,423-9 quarts per acre. The average for all varieties was 11,908-0 quarts per acre. Only three varieties of whites were grown. The yields per acre from these were as follows: Large White, 10,209-0 quarts; White Cherry, 6,694-6 quarts; White Grape, 7,078 quarts. Potatoes. — Thirty-one varieties of potatoes were tested in duplicate plots of one one-hundTedth of an acre each. The season, on the whole, was most unfavourable tor large returns to be realized, especially during the latter part of July and August. when the weather was fairly wet. Consequently, the conditions were ideal for blight, and the yields certainly show the effect of it. The highest producer was British Queen, an English variety, 433 bushels 20 pounds per acre. The lowest was Dalmeny lieauty, 136 bushels 40 pounds per acre. The average for all varieties was 342 bushels 24 pounds per acre. EXPERIilENTAL FARMS 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 ante Stock. — The improvement of the strains of Irish Gobbler, Wee MacGregor. Green Mountain, Empire State, Carman No. 1, and Eawling's Kidney was carried on, but the result during the past season was not very encouraging, for on inspection, it was found that a number of the varieties were infected with Leaf Roll and Mosaic. Vegetable Seed Production. — -A start was made in producing vegetable seed but only fair results were obtained. The season was unfavourable, especially at harvest time, making it almost impossible to harvest the seed properly. However, four poundi of good parsnip seed were produced. This work will be continued next season. Skrubs.—AH ornamental shrubs came through the winter in fairly good condition and madte a very satisfactory display 'during the summer. Annual Flowers. — Only fair results were obtained from bedded -plants, most of which were stunted in the hot beds before setting into the open. Sweet peas and nasturtiums did exceptionally well. FARM IMPROVEMENTS The roof of the bull and calf barn was shingled and ventilators were required. A new farm cottage was erected on the opposite side of the main road from th./ Superintendent's house. The size of said cottage is 26 feet by 33 feet with four rooms and bath upstairs, and a living room, diniag room, kitchen and pantry down- stairs. The foundation is of concrete 7 feet high and 12 inches thick. The floor of the cellar is also concrete. An addition of 30 feet by 33 feet was built on to the old house at the creamery and the whole made into a double house. On the south side there are three bed-room? and a bath upstairs, and a living room, hall, dining room and kitchen downstairs. On the north it is the same except that upstairs there is one more small bed-rcom. Both sides were wired for electric light on separate meters. When the water system ifi installed in these houses, they will be two very comfortable dwellings. Ten new colony houses Were built in October for the contest work and one for thr main plant. These houses were 10 feet by 12 feet, each of which was divided equally by wire mesh partitions. Each pen was fitted out with roosts, dropping 'boards, trap nests, water bowls, grit, shell, charcoal, beef scrap and dry mash hoppers. The necessary repairs were made to all farm buildings. Fences. — All fences were put in as good repair as possible for the year. Approxi- mately 2,000 feet of woven fence, style No. 950, 9-line wire. 50 inches high, uprights 22 inches apart, was erected on the north side of the Farm. Farm Roads. — -The split log drag was used on all the roads several times during the season in order to keep them in good repair and prevent the growth of weeds. Some time was also devoted to the maintenance of the public highway between the Experimental Farm and Nappan and Maccan stations. EXCURSIONS AND VISITORS The two largest gatherings held at the Farm during the season were the Cumber- land County Farmers' Association on July 16, with a small attendance owing to unfavourable weather conditions, and the Knights of Pythias on August 20, with an attendance of approximately 2,500 people. A number of small parties and farmers' clubs visited the Farm at various times during the season. Everything possible was done to make the time interesting and of value to the visitors. 108 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 MEETINGS AND EXHIBITIONS Throughout the year the Superintendent and the Assistant attended as many agricultural meetings and exhibitions held within the province as possible, giving assistance wherever their services were requested. Following is a list of meetings addressed and exhibitions attended: Dorchester, June 12; Amherst Head, October 9; Amherst Ploughing Match, October 14; Dorchester, October 15; Amherst Head, organizing a farmers' club, October 29; Halifax Poultry Show, November 2; Truro Poultry Show, November 20; Oxford County Show, September 25 and 26; Maritime Winter Fair, December 16 to 18; East Amherst, December 26; Nova Scotia Farmers' Association ileeting at Truro, January 7 to 9;«Fruit Groweijs' Meeting at Kentville, January 27; Dominion Live Stock Breeders' Meeting at Toronto, February 2 to 5; Experimental Farm, Ottawa, February 8. The Farm exhibit was put up at Oxford on September 25 and 26, and at Shuben- acadie on October 1 and 2. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, FREDERICTON. N.B. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, W. W. HUBBARD THE SEASON The autumn months of 1918 were fine and mild enabling the closing up of farm operations in well advanced condition for the spring of 1919. Ploughing was possible till November 23, and live stock remained on pasture during the day till that date. Snow came early in December and made goods roads till the middle of the month. The ground was then bare till the 25th, after which there was a nice even blanket of snow until the 20th March. There was very little winter-killiag; the ground dried out early and ploughing began on April 23. Seed turnips were planted on the 28th and wheat seeded on the 30th. Grasses and clovers and fall grain came through the winter and spring with a full stand. Farm work generally was a week ahead of the average. Fall rye 30 inches high began to head out on the 1st of June. There was a frost at this date which cut down anything susceptible. June was dry with cold nights throughout, and Jul.y did not bring the usual heat. The weather was dry but this was favourable to soil conditions on the Station and all crops except corn did well. August was moist and cloudy without much precipitation, grain filled well but it was poor weather for harvesting. September brought moist cloudy days with very heavy rain on the 13th, conditions which interfered seriously with harvesting. Considerable grain sprouted in the stock and there was also caused a wide-spread infestation of Late Blight on potatoes. Slight frosts oti the 16th and 28th of September did not do any damage on the Station. Frosts on the 2nd and 9th October, however, cut down garden crops and potatoes and night frosts were frequent during the rest of the month. November brought hard freezing on the 3rd. From the 13th a warm spell followed U'atil the 19th, when winter set in, but with little snow till February. From then till the end of March was one of the roughest periods in the meteorological history of the province. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Meteorological Records Month Temperatures F. Precipitation Mean Highest Lowest Rainfall Snowfall Total 1919 April. . 89-7 54 64-2 67 64 56-5 43-5 33-5 11-8 41 16 27 64 77 11 82 76 62 55 44 35 38 63-5 18 28 52 46 39 30 19 2 25-5 -25 -25 -19 Inches 201 3-70 2-24 3-29 2-07 5-21 2-85 2-31 1-04 Nil 1-73 1-68 Inches Inches 2-21 3-70 2-24 3-29 2-07 5-21 2-90 2-91 2-34 1-25 6-93 3-58 Hours 126 May 213-20 205 July 201-40 163-35 138-95 ■50 6 13 12-50 52 11 121-80 81-75 121-55 1920 110-15 97-55 March 152-70 28-13 97 00 38-63 1,733-40 Lm: STOCK Horses. — Fourteen draught horses and two driving and general purpose horses were kept to carry on the work during the year. Of these, eleven worked throughout the year, and five worked from April till Ifovember. There were also three three- year-old colts, three two-year-olds, one yearling and two colts under one year. Of these, seven were pure-bred Clydesdale mares and fillies, nine were high-grade Clydes, tire were high-grade Percheron, two were draught geldings of undetermined breeding, and two were partly standard bred, Morgan and thoroughbred. A two-year-old Clydes- dale stallion was received in November from the Central Experimental Farm. Two grade Percherons, on cheap winter feeding, each cost $13.48 for food during January, February and March. One weighed 1,430 poimds on January 1 and 1,425 poimds on April 1, while the other weighed 1,435 pounds on January 1 and 1,380 pounds on April 1. Dairy Cattle. — Three pure-bred dairy herds are kept, viz., dairy Shorthorns, Ayr- shires, and HoLsteins. The largest producer for the season was an eight-year-old dairy Shorthorn. Her milk yield for 395 days was 14,682 pounds with a butter yield of 619 pounds. The best Ayrshire was a two-year-old that, in an unfinished period of 179 days gave 7,637-5 pounds of milk and 370-3 pounds of butter. The best Holstein was a five-year-old which in 376 days gave 9,800 pounds milk and 400 pounds of butter. The grading up experiment is now fully started as three first cross herds, viz., Holsteins, dairy Shorthorns and Ayrshires are in the stable. These heifers are out of cows of no particular breeding that were cheaply picked up in the country "nearby. Most of the Holstein grades are well on in the second lactation period. The dairy Shorthorns have completed their first period, while the Ayrshires have not all as yet been bred. While some of the common cows above mentioned proved very good producers, most of both the Holstein and Shorthorn grade heifers excelled their dame in their first period. Eight of the original cows from which Holstein grade heifers were bred, gave an average milk yield for the season, of 4,596 pounds of milk and 218 pounds of butter. 359 pounds of butter. Her mother gave 5,367 pounds of milk with 257 pounds of milk and 229 jjoirnds of butter. no nEi'Aitr\n:.\T or auhhvlture 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Eight of the original cows from which Shorthorn grade heifers were raised, gnve an average season's milk yield of 5,422 pounds with 270 pounds of butter, while their eight Shorthorn grade daughters as two-year-olds averaged r),159 pounds of milk, with 240 pounds of butter. The best individual Holstein grade in 373 days gave 8,833 pounds of milk with 359 pounds of butter. Her mother gave r),3<;7 pounds of milk with 257 pound.s ot butter in 272 days. The best individual Shorthorn grade in 384 days gave 7,545 pounds of milk with 336 pounds of butter. Her mother gave 6,428 pounds of milk with 265 jwunds of butter i-a 254 days. The records kept on the cost of rearing dairy Shorthorn grade heifers have shown that the cost of their feed to one year of age was $36.21, to two years of age, $82.2!<, and to the time of calving from $104.79 in the case of n heifer 2 years and 7 montli^ old, to $152.22 for a heifer 3 years 4* months old. The stable ration fed these heifers while carrying their first calf cost 27i cents per day. Their weights recorded a few weeks before calving averaged 1,037 pounds. Beef Cattle. — No steers were bought in for feeding. Three second cro.^s Shorthorn grade steers were raised. One of them took first place at Amherst Winter Fair in his class, and championship for the best beef animal sired by a Shorthorn bull. The other two weighing respectively 895 and. 850 pounds at 13* months old, were sold at auction for beef at $96 each. The 895-pound steer dressed 497 pounds of beef, and the 850-pound steer dressed 493 pounds of beef. The feed cost of these steers was approximately $61 each. A pure-bred Shorthorn heifer that would not breed, was sold for beef at 3 years and 9 months old, by auction for $191. She weighed 1,450 pounds and dressed 963 pounds. Her beef sold from 50 cents per pound down, according to the cut, for the Easter market. Swine. — Five pure-bred Yorkshire sows and two grades have given good litters both spring and fall. The young pigs from the pure-bred sows have been sold for breeding, and those from the grade sows were sold for feeding. Sows have been ■ running on pasture during the summer and wintered in cabins with plenty of yard room for exercise. Experience with feeding and rearing fall litters has not been satisfactory though yard exercise in fine weather has been constantly given them. Breeding sows were winterea largely on mangels. Sheep. — The flocks ot Shropshires and Cheviots have done well except that, unfortunately, the Shropshire ram proved useless, and no lamb crop was obtained from ewes of this breed. Cheviot rams were sold to New Brunswick farmers. A prize winning Shropshire ram lamb was bought from Prince Edward Island and an excellent lamb crop has started for the season of 1920. A large percentage of ewes are throwing twins and two lots of triplets have come. The flock for the winter of 1918-19 consisted of 88 White Leghorns, 115 Rhode Island Reds, 24 Barred Rocks and 45 White W^yandottes, with 12 male birds. The egg production for the year averaged 101 eggs per hen, and the average price per dozen for eating eggs was 52 cents. The average return per hen on a purely eating-egg basis was therefore approximately $4.37, and the cost of feed averaged $3.60, leaving a profit of 77 cents per bird, or $217.91 for the flock. The extremes between hens ranged from a profit of $4.98 for a bird laying 195 eggs, to a loss of $1.94 for one laying only 48 eggs. A pen of 23 April hatched White Wyandottes cost for food $85.27, and the eggs they laid were worth $141.21, leaving a profit above cost of food of $55.94, an average profit per bird of $2.43. ESPERIMEMAL FARMS 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A pen of fifty-six April-batched Rhode Island Red pullets made a profit of $74.06 above cost of feed ($1.32 i)er bird) for the sis months from Xovember to April, inclusive, while a pen of May-hatched pullets (56 birds) of the same breed for the same period, made only $13.63 profit or a little less than 25 cents per bird. Four hundred and fifty chickens were raised and a number sold for breeding purposes. Hatcliing eggs from the best pens were also distributed in considerable numbers. BEES Ten colonies of bees were wintered, two in the honey house and eight in quadruple winter cases. One colony in winter case died. The remaining nine colonies made 69S pounds of extracted honey of a total value of $199.64. The greatest yield from one colony was 160 pounds. The average return per colony was $22.18. Colonies were increased to eleven. Hone.y was gathered principally from dandelion, fruit blossoms, raspberry, clover and goldenrod. The date of the last flight of bees in the fall was October 23 and the first flight in the spring, ilarch 23. The time employed in the care of the apiary averaged approximately five hours per week from May until September. FIKLD HUSGAXDRY Hay, oats, turnips, silage corn, potatoes, fall rye, wheat and mangels were the principal field crops grown, in the order of acreage mentioned. Approximately forty- five and one-haK acres in hay yielded 9^J tons. Twenty-one and three-quarter acres of oats yielded 65J bushels of oats per acre. Four acres of oats on fertilizer test plots averaged 48^ bushels per acre. Fifteen and four-fifth acres of turnips yielded 733 bushels per acre. Ten acres of silage corn planted on the 3rd, 4th and 5th of June yielded at the rate 17-2 tons per acre as hauled to the silo. Eight and two-third acres of potatoes gave 297 bushels per acre. The cost of growing a single acre set apart for the purpose, including everything except reat of land and depreciation of machinery, was $100.88. Xo fertilizer except 18 tons of stable manure on a clover sod was used. The cost of manure and applying it was charged at $19.92. Seventeen bushels of seed cost $1.50 per bushel. The value of the potatoes when shipped to Ottawa in the spring at $7 per barrel was $549.76, leaving a profit over all costs of $4S7.48 per acre. (Had commercial fertilizer been used exclusively instead of stable manure the profit would probably have been at least $70 less.) Four acres of fall rye yielded 33^ bushels per acre. Three acres of White Fife spring wheat gave 27 bushels per acre and one acre of Dawsons Golden Chaff fall wheat, 33J bushels. An acre and two-fifths of Yellow Intermediate mangels yielded at the rate of 1,205 bushels per acre. An acre of peas and oats gave 7 tons 1,275 pounds of green fodder as hauled to silo, and 27 tons 1,595 pounds of clflver, grasses, etc., were gathered up around the headlands, orchards and second growth clover, and ensiled. FERTILIZER EXPERIMEXTS The eighty-eight plots on which fertilizers at different rates and varying composition were applied in 1918 for a potato crop, were this year in oats, and an average yield of 48i bushels per acre was obtained with variations from 57 bushels per acre to 25-2 bushels per acre. This experiment will be concluded in 1920, but should be repeated for several rotation cycles on the identical plots, as the residual results of a previous and entirely different test on the plots are quite evidently causing results which make the present experiment not very readily intelligible. The tests of varieties of wheat, oats, barley and peas were continued. Seren varieties of wheat were grown. White Russian, with 25 bushels and 50 pounds per 112 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRfClI.TCRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 acre, gave the best yield. There was considerable glume spot on the crop which inter- fered with the filling of the grain. Of si.x varieties of oats, Banner led with C5 bushels and 10 pounds per acre, Victory came next with 62 bushels and 22 pounds, followed by Ligowo with 55 bushels and 30 pounds. Banner ripened in 91 days, Victory in 94 days, and Ligowo in 96 days. Of five varieties of barley, O.A.C. 21 was best with 36 bushels and 37 pounds ripening in 85 days. Peas were very poor though one plot of Arthur peas gave 35 bushels per acre. FOR.\GE CHOPS The field forage crops have been reported on under Field Husbandry. Turnip seed grown on the Experimental Farms was tested in comparison with commercial seed as otfered by the trade. Swede Purple Top seed from the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa gave the best crop, with 1,1683 bushels per acre, and the average yield from the six samples of seed grown at the various Eastern Experimental Farms was 911 bushels per acre. The average yield from 59 samples supplied by seedsmen was 84T bushels per acre which demonstrates that Canadian grown seed is at least as vigorous as any that cab be obtained by the seed trade. Turnip stecklings grown in 1918 were stored in pits and cellar by different methods. One pit had upright ventilation every eight feet only, one had bottom ventilation connecting to uprights and one had side as well as bottom ventilation with uprights. Ivone of the pits kept well, and were emptied in March for feeding. The pit with the most ventilation was best preserved. In the cellar the stecklings were stored in bar- rels, crates, deep narrow bins, wide shallow bins and shelves. In all but the deep bins stecklings kept well till the end of March but during April crown rot took a large percentage except those in the barrels and crates. Stecklings spread 15 inches deep in another large cellar kept almost perfectly. On one field of 3-34 acres there was only about a 50 per cent stand due to crown rot and the yield of seed was 878 pounds. A field of 1-59 acres planted from the cellar where the roots kept well, gave a seed yield of 1,256 pounds. Tests were made in the comparing of stecklings of different sizes, planted at different dates, at different distances and different depths, and the largest yield was from turnips above 4 inches in diameter planted 12 inches apart in rows 42 inches apart. HORTICULTURE Large Fruits. — The apple orchard came through the winter in good condition and several varieties bore their fijst fruit. Included in these were a number of promising new varieties in the variety orchard. Two sprays were applied durinsr the season. Many trees in the plum, pear and cherry orchard are in poor condition. Two varieties of cherries, the English Morello and Orel bore a good crop. One variety of plums, Moores Arctic, bore fruit. Small and Bush Fruits. — In the spring of 1919 a aew strawberry plantation was set out to replace the one destroyed by fire. The black currants bore a good crop, and different varieties showed a wide range in yielding capacity. The highest yield was 13,794 boxes per acre from Ken-y. The lowest yield was 2,178 boxes per acre. The red currants were badly attacked by Anthracnose and some varieties were quite defoliated early in the season. The highest yield was 7,865 boxes per acre from Perfection. The lowest yield was 242 boxes per acre. Goose- berries have not done well. Growth has been slow and yields poor. Raspberries have done fairly well. The highest .yield was 5,445 boxes per acre from Xewman's Seedling No. 23. The lowest yield was 495 boxes. The vineyard continued to make satisfactory growth and several varieties ripened fruit. All varieties, except two, bore fruit. The highest yield was five pounds of ripe fruit from a vine. EXPERIMENTAL FARilS 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Vegetables. — Variety tests of vegetables were continued again in 1919 and a large number of varieties were grown under comparative conditions. Grounds. — A large assortment of annual flowers were grown. These in conjunc- tion with the perennial borders and shrubs attracted much favourable comment. The large campus fronting the river was levelled and seeded to Kentucky blue grass for lawn. FARM IllPROVEMENT A much needed bull bam was built during the year, providing large box-stalls for four bulls, with doora-ays to the south so that the doors may remain open most of the time allowing the buUs continuous yard exercise. The north gable of the main bam was double boarded and battened to prevent driving storms from beating through. Two brooder houses were also built. CLEARING LAXD Five acres of new land was stumped, burned and ploughed during the smnnaer. A great many boulders were broken up and removed from various fields, and all stone coming to the surface during ploughing and cultivation in all fields were cleaned up. EXHIBITIONS Exhibits were made at the Provincial Exhibition, St. Stephen, and the Interpro- vincial Exhibitions at Fredericton and Chatham, where literature was distributed, applications for seed samples, etc., received and a continuous discussion conducted with visitors on the work of the Experimental Farm System and agriculture generally. A live stock exhibit at the Maritime Winter Fair, with 18 animals, drew seventeen awards. IIEETINGS ATTENDED The Superintendent and assistant to the Superintendent addressed various meet- ings throughout the province, and attended the sessions of the Farmers and Dairy- men's Association, and New Brunswick Fruit-growers at Fredericton. The Superin- tendent also attended meetings of the Maritime Stock Breeders' Association, the Nova Scotia Farmers' Association and the New Brunswick Potato Growers, and the assistant attended the Maine State Pomological Society's annual meeting at Bangor, MaiTie. EXCURSIONS The New Brunswick Fruit Growers' Association had a field day on August 28 and visited the Experimental Station among other orchards. Lunch was provided at the Station for one hundred and fifty visiting fruit-growers. The New Brunswick Farmers' and Dairymen's Association visited the Station on March IS and dinner was given to two hundred and fifty visitors. They were given addresses by the Superintendents of the Kentville and Fredericton Stations, the assistant Superintendent of the Fredericton Station, and by Mr. Geo. E. Sanders, of the Dominion Entomological Branch. Live stock demonstrations and discussions were also conducted. 114 DEPARVMKST OF ACRICVI.TLRE 11 GEORGE V. A, 1921 EXPERIMENTAL STATION, STE. ANNE DE LA POCATIERE, ftUE. REPORT OF THE SUPERIXTBXDEXT, JOSEPH BEGIN CHARACTEU OF SEASON The winter of 1018-19 was mild with abundant snow, which protected the soil from early spring frost. The snow disappeared about two weeks later than usual. April and the first part of May -were cold and rai'ay. The first work on the land was done on May S, and the first sowing the next day. Germination was slow, the first shoots appearing above the ground about May 14, at which time seeding was becoming general in this district. There was a period of drought from ifay Sf) to July 10, less than two inches of rain falling during that time; but after the latter date rainfall was abundant. This, however, was too late for the hay. which gave a crop below the average. The grain harvest in the district suffered from late season and slow early growth owing to drought. The ,^■ield was, therefore, reduced and the crop wae only fair. Roots and potatoes gave a good crop on the whole. Apples were fair, but plums, usually abundant in this district, yielded almost nothing. Small fruits yielded very poorly, botli in quantity and quality, a frost on the 30tli c.f May having done considerable injury to the buds. The winter of 1919-20 has been remarkable for light snowfall and intense cold duriiig its early months. The soil froze deeply and water supplies were frozen up to a great depth by the end of December so that the shortage of water was more severe than it has been for many years. LIVE STOCK Horses. — ^There arc at present on the Station twenty horses kept for the purpose of doing farm work and for carrying on breeding experiments. Of the above number eleven are registered Percherons, seven of them being mares varying in weight from 1,500 to 1,750 pounds, a three-year-old stallion, two youngsters of two and three years of age respectively, and a young spring colt. Xo feeding experiments were carried on with these during the last year, the object in view being to keep the horses in good condition for work, and to maintain the young stock in good growing condition witli the least possible expenditure for purchased feeds. Cattle. — The whole herd at present comprises 66 head of all breeds and ages divided as follows : 38 pure-bred registered Ayrshire and 28 common grades and Ayr- shire grades. The Ayrshire herd is headed by a very good bull used with the pure-bred Ayrshire herd and with the Ayrshire grades; IT milch cows from two to tea years of age; eleven young bulls from one to two years of age a-nd nine spring calves. The cross- bred herd is made up of five milch cows, seven young grade Ayrshire heifers, nine bulls of the first Ayrshire cross and seven grade spring calves. Fourteen Ayrshire completed their lactation period during the year. These gavi- a total of 81,214 pounds of milk during a period averaging 339 da.ys per cow. The average yield of milk was 5,801 pounds per cow, or a daily average of 17.1 iiounds. The average per cent of butter fat was 4.0143. Twelve Ayrshire crosses also completed their lactation period during the year. They produced a total of 58,873 pounds of milk during a^ average lactation period of 315 days, giving an average yield per day of 15.5 pounds. The percentage of butter fat was slightly less than that given by the pure-bred herd, viz., 4.20. A number of young stock were sold during the year, some to local butchers, others to farmers fo;- -.reeding purposes. EXPKIilVKyTAL FARJUS 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Su-ine. — At the close of the year the herd of swine consisted of a good Yorkshire boar, four sows from one to three years of age, five young sows and three young boars le£s than a year old. No feeding experiments were carried on during the year. The object in view was the production of pork as economically as possible using the feeds produced on the Station with the smallest possible amount of purchased concentrate*. Among the farm feeds those produced commonly on farms in Eastern Quebec were uced. such as clover, forage beets and sugar beets. These were used especially in connection with winter feeding of sows, young growing pigs, autumn pigs after weaning and also for young spring pigs, which were being raised oa pasture. Some valuable information was obtained in this work. Notes -were also taken on the advan- tages of ix)rtable cabins for the wintering of sows and boars. Sheep. — A flock of pure-bred Shropshires and a flock of Shropshire crosses are being formed. The total sheep on hand at the end of the year was 66. 22 lamfbs were >old during the year and 307 pounds of wool. The two utility breeds. White Wyandotte and Plymouth Rock, are kept at the Nation. The flock is only a small one but wider experimental work Is being planned or the coming year. Both the native black bees and the hybrid Italians were kept. Eighteen colonies were wintered in the cellar and S in boxes out of doors, each box containing 4 hives. The bees wintered in the cellar came through satisfactorily only a single colony being lost ; those wintered outside all wintered well. The spring was not favourable for early work with the bees. The production of honey was delayed by cold weather, and conse- quently was very short. The average yield per hive was 62 jwunds as compared with t'6 pounds the previous year. FIELD HL'SB.VXDRY V Roialicns. — Four rotations of three, four, and five years are carried on regularly. The four-year rotation is carried on in duplicate on drained and undrained land. The three-year rotation is certainly the best adapted to high production of crops suitable for a dairy farm and for the raising of young cattle. This rotation requires more work but it produces more abundantly. Consequently, it is well suited to sm:ill farms having a certain area of natural pasture. The four-year rotation permits of keeping up the fertility of the soil, lessens labour on account of having two consecu- tive crops of hay and thus is well adapted to the system of farming pursued in eastern Quebec. On farms not having natural pasture, this rotation provides for a large area of hoed crops, an area under grain, a hay crop and pasture. The five-year rotation is planned for farmers wishing to grow more grain. It differs from the two former ones as it commences with a grain crop seeded down to clover to be ploughed down along with barnyard manure the next spring; tliis is followed by a hoed crop, grain the third year, clover hay or pasture the fourth year, and millet or pasture the fifth year. This rotation allows for the improvement of larger areas with less manure since the clover ploughed down adds to the fertility. The yields from all the rotations were good with the exception perhaps of hay. which was a little below the average of the three former years. 16 — S5 116 DEI'ARr}(F.KT OF AGRICVLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 CEREALS The average yield of all the cereals except peas, was slightly lower than the average of the tliree preceding years. The only apparent reason for this lighter yield was the late date of seeding. The average yield? were as follows: — Wheat — Huron 3S bu. 20 lb. Marquis So " l.i " Ruby 32 " 25 " Oata — Banner 64 " 10 " Daubeney . . 58 " 22 " Ligowo 56 " — Barley — Manchurian 36 " 20 " Albert .'il " 10 " Success 24 " 12 " Peas — Arthur 34 " 40' " HOKTICULTURE For lack of suitable la-ad, a large portion of the experimental work in horticulture was not carried on last season. "With potatoes, the chief experimental work was the testing of different sprays to prevent disease. A large quantity of cabbage, beet, carrot and lettuce and flower seed was gathered in good condition. This was intended for a small local distribution. The trees winter-killed in 1917-18 were replaced in the spring. These established themselves perfectly and made good growth, ripening their wood well before winter. The yield of plums was the lightest in many years, the European varieties did not produce at all. The Lombardy poplars planted as a protection around the orchard made an averag-e growth of 5 feet 7 inches during the year. ^AR^[ IMPROVEMENTS Considerable work was done in removing stone from the cultivated fields, in draining certain areas, and in the general improvement of those portions of the farm intended for experimental work with cereals and forage plants. The surface drains were also greatly improved on the level part of the Farm. A main 6-inch drain was put in for about 1,600 feet to improve conditions about the barnyards and vicinity. Necessary repairs were made to several buildings on the Station. EXCURSIONS AND EXHIBITIONS Exhibits of farm produce were made at the county fairs of Bellechasse, Mont- magny, L'Islet, Kamouraska, Rimouski and Matane, and the Station also exhibited at the seed fairs held in the same counties during the winter. Over 4,000 farmers visited the Station during the summer, and were present at practical demonstrations in the various lines of farm work. The Farm was also visited by members of the Council of Agriculture of Quel^ec and by the teachers and pupils of a number of schools and agricultural institutions. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL STATION. CAP ROTTGE. QUE. EEPORT OF THE SUPEEIXTEXDENT, G. A. LAXGELIER CH.\RACTER OP THE SEASON The six months during which plants grow in central Quebec were warmer, dryer and brighter than the average of eight years, the mean temperature being respectively 57-48 and 56-27° F., the precipitation 25-43 and 25-87 inches, the number of hours of sunshine, 1123-5 and 1084-5. The frost-free season lasted 138 days, from May 15 to October 1, which is exactly the average length since 1912. The following were very good: silage corn, timothy, currants, gooseberries, cabbage, cucumber, egg plant, garden peas, lettuce, parsley, sweet corn, barley, clover, potatoes, apples, grapes, strawberries, cauliflower, garden beans, muskmelons, ornamental shrubs, perenrdals; oats, wheat, raspberries. Brussels sprouts, carrots, celery, garden beets, onions, parsnips, annual flowering plants, bulbs were medium; field peas, roots, cherries, i>ears, plums were practically a failure. Meteorological Records, 1919-20. Temperature F. Precipitation Sunshine Month Highest Lowest Mean Rainfall Snowfall Total Heaviest 24 hours Total Hours 1919 April 560 800 930 900 81-0 800 62-0 49-0 39-0 32-0 39-0 55-0 8-2 29-2 38-2 45-2 43-2 32-2 21-2 5-2 -25-8 -29-7 -25-8 -19-9 34-28 51 05 65- 16 67-40 63-39 55-31 42-57 30-45 9-64 1-93 18-51 24-33 1-81 3-49 3-20 7-10 3-39 4-21 4-04 , 2-25 0-40 0-00 000 1-86 13-00 3-11 3-49 3-20 7-10 3-39 4-21 4-04 3-50 1-59 3-50 3-40 3-71 0-60 0-90 1-28 1-74 0-97 0-72 0-75 0-80 0-30 0-SO 0-80 1-30 May 228-0 July 220-5 207-7 129-1 123-5 November 12-50 11-90 35-00 34-00 18-50 51-5 67-4 1920 71-1 February 67-0 142-0 Total 31-75 124-90 44-24 1,640-1 Lite Stock In general, all live stock kept in very good condition throughout the year.. DAIRY C-\TTLE The herd numbered 60 head on March 31, 1920, which is an increase of 13 over last year. There were 57 pure bred and 3 grade French Canadians. They are kept mainly for experimental woric, but the sale of high-class breeding animals and clean dairy products brings in a good revenue. mik ProducHon.^Eighteen heifers and cows, ranging in age from 2 to 14 years, finished a lactation period during the fiscal year. Their average production was 5,127 pounds of milk testing 4-4, which is equivalent to about 260 pounds of butter per 118 i)i:rAKTMi:\r or Aaincci.TCRK 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 year. Seven i>oor milkers, sold since, are included in the alx)ve lot and it is interetJting to note that, hud they not been in the herd, the average produ<-tion would have been 5,906 pounds of milk testing 4-5, which is equivalent to over "/K) pounds of butter jier year. High Class French Conadian Cat lie. — There are now. at the Cap Rouge Station, more cow.s and heifers which have qualified for Record of Performance than in anv other herd. The four fir.st daughter* of the senior herd sire, entered in the test easily went through, which brought in the bull. As his dam qualified three time< and is entered for the fourth, Dt'lphi.s de Cap Rouge 3283 should throw some good milkers. EXPERI.WENTAL BKEEOINC OF U.MRV CAlTLli Project Xo. Ido — Comparing methods of breeding dairy cattle. — The object is to compare close breeding, line breeding, and outcrossing. A cow is b»ed to her son. then to a bull in the same line, and lastly fo a sire not related to her. The offsprings are compared for milk production, vitality and conformation. This was connnenced in 1915 and it is yet too early to draw conclusions. Project No. 1 — Grading up a dairy herd. — This projecft was started in 1911 to find out if heifers out of grade cows, by a pure bred bull, would be better milkers than their dams. The sire used was an outstanding exhibition animal but not on' of his daughters could qualify for Record of Performance though the dams of many of them had that distin(?tion. This seems to indicate that the word " scrub " may sometimes apply to pure bred animals. Project No. ISi — Increasing milk production with a pure bred sire of Arnoifn. ancestry. — A grade French Canadian, Kate, gave 54S pounds of milk during the month following her first calving at Cap Rouge. To the service of a bull of unknown ancestry, she dropped a heifer, Reine, which gave 166 pounds of milk during th^- month following her first calving. Reine, bred to a bull whose dam qualified for Record of Performance, produced Franooise which gave 736 pounds of milk durin;; the month following her first calving. EXPERIMENTAL FEEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE Project No. 4 — Feed requirements of dairy heifers until calving. — All feed given to eight heifers was weighed until their age averaged 27 months IS days. At this age their weight was S.13 pounds. Each of them consumed 536 pounds whole milk. 5,668 pounds skim-milk, SSI pounds meal, 3,164 pounds liay. 377 pounds green feed. 4,235 pounds roots, 5,521 pounds corn ensilage besides being 96 days on pasture. It is easy to see that, at present prices for feeds, it costs a good deal to kcei) a heifer until she calves, which means that only good ones should be raised. Project Xo. S — Whole mill- vs. sMm-milh and supplements for calres. — Sincj 1917, three lots of calves, comprising 29 different animals, were fed differently urttil twenty-four weeks of age, one bunch receiving whole milk, the second, skim-milk anj commercial caK meal, and the last, skim-milk and home mixed calf meal consistin;.' of 6 parts com, 3 parts oats, li part flaxseed, by weight, all ground together. Calculating feed at 'the valuations of the start, in April, 1917. viz., whole milk at $2. skim-milk at 25 cents, home made calf meal, also commercial calf meal, at $5 per lOO pounds, bran at $40, hay at $15, silage and roots at $4 per ton, it co,«t $49 for each of the whole milk calves, $17.51 for each of the commercial meal calves, and $1 ('>.."•• for each of the home-mixed meal calves. During the test, the average increase in weight of the whole milk calves was 2-2S pounds, of the homo meal calves. 219 pound-, and of the commercial meal calves, 16S pounds. EXPERIHEyTAL FARMS 119 SESSIONAL PAPER N'o. 16 EXPERIMENTAL HOCSISG OF DAIRY CATTLE f reject Xo. 6 — Keeping cattle in single hoarded open front sheds. — Since 191 j, three bulls have been kept all the year around in single boarded open front sheds, whilst two heifers, during the winter of 191S-19, and sixj during the winter of 1919-20, received the same treatment. All these animals remai-aed in fine health and did not seem to be at all affected by the cold weather. EXPERIMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE Project Xo. 5 — Extra good vs. average rearing of heifers as influencing size and type, and production of the mature cow. — Twins were chosen for this experiment, ^ > as to minimize the chance of error due to breeding. One of them, Eglantine de Cap Rouge 4159, was well fed, weighed S15 pounds just previous to dropping her first calf and g^ve 5,972 pounds of milk, qualifying for Record of Performance, during the first lactation period. The other, Elegante de Cap Eouge 4160, came in heat a couple of months later than her sister, aborted, was served again, weighed 645 pounds just previous to dropping her first normal calf and gave only 1,944 pounds of milk during this lactation period. This experiment is continued with oth.ir heifers, whilst a careful record will be kept of the two above mentioned. There were 61 horses on the Station on March 31, 1920, which is an increase of .34 over last year. There are 55 pure-bred French Canadians amongst 'the lot, and most of these are for the new Horse Farm at St. Joachim, Que. They are kept for experimental purposes, but the work which they perform and tlie sale of the colts are to their credit. U'o;/.- on the Farm In a breeding establishment the number of hours of work of horses may be high iind still the actual amount of work performed low, because youngsters and brood mares must receive si^eoial attention. This is the reason for discontinuing to give in this report the number of work hours. In general, too many horses are kept on farms, ind by carefully planning operations or even by using a tractor when conditions warrant it, the number of work animals may be decreased. Breeders of good stock wUl not suffer from this, as high-class animals will continue to command remunera- tive prices. High-class Frtnch-Canadian Horsi\i The studs of French-Canadian horses at Cap Rouge and at St. Joachim are admitted by everybody to contain the best and largest collection of these animals in existence to-day. In co-operation with the French-Canadian Horse Breeders' Associa- tion, it is intended to regenerate the breed and to form a class of horses weighing between 1,200 and 1,300 pounds which will not look out of place on the surrey or on the plough. EXrERI>tESTAL BREEDING OF HORSES Proj'ct Xo. 7 — Comparing methods of breeding horses. — This is to compare close breeding, line breeding and out-crossing. A mare is bred to her own son, to a stallion in the same line, and to a sire not related to her. The offspring is compared for eonstit ition, size and conformation. It i- yet too early to draw conclusions. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXPEEIMENTAL FEEDING OF HORSES 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Project jS'o. 11 — Feed requirements of work horses. — All the feed eaten by a team was weighed during two and a half years. Their average weight was 1,270 pounds at the beginning of the experiment and 1,273 at the end. Each of them worked 1,736 hours and ate the following quantities of feed: 5,809 pounds hay, 6,604 pounds oats, 1,034 pounds bran, and 95 pounds molasses. Prices fluctuate eo much nowadays that it seems useless to state how much horse labour has cost per hour, according to the above experiment, but it is easy for anybody to find this out at current prices. The above horses ate a little over IJ pounds of hay and 2 pounds of concentrates per 100 pounds of their live weight, per day. This is somewhat more than is generally recommended, but they also worked more hours than farm teams generally do and they were kept i-a the best of condition at all times. Project No. 10 — Feed requirements of young horses until of working age. — All feed given to two colts and seven fillies was weighed until they were fit to work, when their average age was 33 months and 9 days and their weight 1,265 pounds. Since weaned, at the age of five months, each had received 363 pounds skim milk, 4,018 pounds oats, 4,506 pounds bran, 10,326 pounds hay and had been at pasture six months. The amount of feed could have been decreased if more pasture had been available, but it is a fact that a young horse, ready to work, costs a good deal of money, 'which means that only good mares and stallions should be used, so as to mini- mize the number of culls. EXPERIMENTAL IIOUSISG OF HORSES Project No. 12. — Keeping horses in single-hoarded open front sheds. — Since 1913, twenty different young horses were wintered, during the first year of their life, in single-boarded open front sheds and, though the temperature went down as low as 34° F. below zero, never one was seen to shiver. Stallions are kept in sheds of this kind all the year around and brood mares have been wintered in the same manner. EXPERIMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF HORSES Proje.ct No. 8 — Raising fall colts. — Since 1-915, four colts were dropped in the autumn alid weaned in the spiring, which allowed the dams to do much more work during the cropping season. The youngsters were raised in loose boxes, which they shared all winter with their dams. There are two difficulties to be watched: the foals are liable to get too fat and top heavy, that is the weight of the body is too great for the limbs; and it is hard to get a mare, foaling in the autumn, to settle that year, as .^he generally goes until spring before she is safely in foal. Project No. 9 — Work vs. no work for irood mares. — The same mare was bred five years running and subjected to different ways of exercising. Two winters, she was used reasonably all the time until foaling; two others, she was kept outside, with a single-boarded shed as a shelter, until a few weeks before dropping her young, when she wag put to medium work: and another time she was kept idle in a box stall to within a month or so of foaling, when she was worked moderately. She dropped a strong foal each time, which seems to show that if exercise is essential for the brood mare, the mode of exercising is not of importance. The flock numbered 88 head on March 31, 1920, which is an increase of 25 over last year. They are all pure-bred Leicesters. The main point in keeping them is experimental work, but the sale of breeders and of wool brings in considerable money. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL BREEDING OF SHEEP Project Xo. 172 — Rams out of prolific dams as sires of prolific ewes. — The same ewes are bred to rams out of prolific dams and also out of non-prolific dams. Records are kept not only of the number of offspring, but of their constitution, size, conforma- tion, and fleece. It is yet much too early to draw conclusions, as this experiment was only commenced in 1916. EXPERIMENTAL FEEDING OF SHEEP Project No. 13— Winter feed requirements of hreeding ewes. — During three years all feed was weighed which was given to 41 breeding Leicester ewes, of a little above medium size, for about 200 days, from the time in autumn when there was not enough good pasturage, until spring when grass was sufficient. Each ewe, during that time, ate per day 3-16 pounds of hay, 1-63 pounds of swedes, 0-93 pounds of oats, and 0-63 pounds of bran. EXPERIMENTAL HOUSING OF SHEEP Project No. H — Raising lambs in single-hoarded open front sheds. — The ewes are wintered in single-boarded sheds, with an open front facing about south. They are brought to the sheep bam a short while before lambing, but as soon as the young- sters are from a week to two weeks old, and after they have been docked and ear marked, they are sent back to the shed with their dams. Only two lambs, both triplets, were lost out of 72, in 1919 and 1920, so that this way of raising them looks like, a good one. POULTRY The flock numbered 541 on March 31, 1920, which is an increase of 260 over last year. Out of that number there were 199 for the Quebec Egg Laying Contest and the Farm owned 342, all Barred Eoeks. TVliilst the main purpose is to do experimental work with them, the revenue from the sale of breeders, meat and eggs is not to bet disdained. Province of Quebec Egg Laying Contest The Laying Contest for the Province of Quebec was placed at Cap Rouge and twenty pens of ten birds each, entered as follows on Xovember 1, 1919 : 70 Barred Rocks, 60 Single Comb Rhode Island Reds, 30 Single Comb Wliite Leghorns, 10 Rose Comb Brown Leghorns, 10 Single Comb Black Leghorns, 10 White Rocks, 10 Canadians. All birds are to remain in the houses for the whole twelve months. Egg Production An average of 183 layers were kept during the year, and the total egg production was 15,816 eggs, which is 86 per bird.. This is just half a dozen eggs per layer more than last year, or an increase of 7-5 per cent. EXPERIMENTAL BREEDING OF POULTRY Project No. 161 — Pedigree worlc with poultry. — Pullets are trap-nested and only those kept for breeding purposes which laid more than 30 eggs during Xovember, December, January, February, and more than 150 during the 12 months following the date on which they first laid. Eggs from each bird are placed in separate wire cages in the incubator, near the end of the hatch, with the number of the layer on each cage. The chicks are leg-banded before leaving the wire cage and a sealed band is put, three weeks later, through the thin part of a wing, so that their identity is never lost. The pedigree of each wing-banded bird can thus be traced as easily as that of horses, cattle, sheep or swine. 122 DErAHTMF.W OF .\<1I!IVI I.TIRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Project No. 102 — Haichahilihi of eggs and liability of chicks from good and from poor layers.— It is claimed by some tliat a hen which lays a great many eggs loses strength and cannot transmit to its offspring the vitality necessary for large produc- tion. To throw light on this question notes are taken of the number of eggs laid by a certain number of good layers and a certain number of poor layers, the number l)laced in the incubator, the number of chicks hatched out and the number living at three months. No conclusions can yet be drawn. Project No. 121 — Tlatchahility of eggs and viahiUty of chicks from pullets awf from hens. — Will eggs from hens hatch better and produce stronger chicks than eggs from pullets, is a subject on which more light should be thrown. To help answer the question satisfactorily, notes are taken of the uiumber of eggs laid by each lot, the number placed in the incubator, and the number of chicks hatched and living at three months. More data will have to be gathered before figures are given out. KXPEKIMEXTAL FEEDING OF POt'LTRV Project No. 79 — Commercial grain vs. screenings. — This experiment has now run four seasons, November to February inclusive, each year. An average of 24 birds were in each of two pens and both received practically the same quantities of aninwl and green food, meal, grit and shells, one lot getting commercial grain and the other screenings. The average of four trials shows, that commercial grain gave mor^^ )irofit because the birds each increased in weight by about ten ounces. The number of eggs laid by each pen was practically the same, but, leaving aside the increase in v.oight of the birds, the cost of egg production was lowest with screenings. Project No. 80 — Boots vs. clover leaves. — This experiment was conducted during four seasons, November to February inclusive, each year. An average of 23 bird* were in each pen and both received practically the same quantities of grain, meal, animal food, grit and shells, one lot getting roots and the other dry clover leaves. Th<- birds receiving dry clover leaves took on a little more weight, laid better and produced eggs at a lower cost than those receiving roots. The dry clover leaves fed in this experiment were gathered on a barn floor and given in a box. Project No. 81 — Skim milh vs. heef scraps. — This experiment has now run four seasons, November to February inclusive, each year. An average of 25 birds were in each pen and both received practically the same quantities of grain, meal, grit and shells, one pen getting skim milk and the other beef scraps. The skim milk pen gained a little more weight and produced eggs for about half the price of the beef scrap lot. Project No. 82 — Water vs. snotv. — This experiment was conducted during four seasons, November to February inclusive each year. An average of 22 birds were in each pen and both received practically the same quantities of feed, one pen getting water and the other snow as soon as it was available in the autumn and all through winter. The pen getting snow laid a little better and the cost of egg production was somewhat lower for them. EXPERIMEXT.VL HOISIXO 01' POULTRY Project No. SJ — Winter temperature in poultry houses of different widths. — For five years, during November, December, January, and February, the highest and tho lowest temperature were taken outside, in a colony house 8 feet wide, in a laying house 12 feet wide, and in another house 10 feet wide. All these buildings were ofl the shed roof pattern, had about twice the area of cotton as of glass and were placed so as to be about equally sheltered from the wind and to get about the same amount of sun. The average difference between the highest and the lowest temperature, during all that time, was 381 degrees outside, 24-9 in the narrow house, 23-3 in the colony and 21-7 in the wide house. EXPEniilEXTAL FARMS 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 KXPERIN[ENTAL MANAGEMENT OF POL LTRY Project Xo. S', — Comparison of layers at different ages. — For this experiment, foui- pens of about 25 birds each were used, five years in succession, from November to February inclusive. If the cost of production of one dozen of eggs, during winter, is taken as 100 for early pullets, hatched before Hay, it would be represented by 249 for yearling hens, by 2S0 for late pullets, hatched after April, and by 84S for two year old hens. A remarkable thing is that a pen of early pullets, giving by far the highest profit O'ne winter, went down to second place when, the following year, they were com- pared, as yearlings, with another pen of early pullets. EGG PRESERVATnES Project No. 78 — Comparison of different methods of preserving eggs. — Eight different ways of preserving eggs have been tried for fotir years, viz., lime water, water glass, wrapping in paper and leaving alone, wrapping in paper and turning daily, putting away in oats, putting away in sawdust, and two commercial preservatives, .•samples were tested at the Chemical Division, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and at the Cap Rouge Station. Up to the present, only lime water and water glass I'ave given full satisfaction. Eleven colonies were kept during 1910, which is one less than the previous year. They are mostly hybrids. J'roducfion of Honey The .season was a very bad one in the district of Quebec for the production of honey. The reason for this, according to beekeepers of long experience, is that the weather was bad. either rainy, cloudy or extremely windy, during the very short period when bees gather hone.v. The greatest yield from one colony at the Station was 32 pounds, which shows how poor the crop was. Experimental Feeding of Bees Project A'o. 16 — Comparison of different l-inds of stores for winter feeding of hees. — During the last four winters, some colonies were fed early gathered honey, others late gathered honey, others early gathered honey and sugar syrup, and others only sugar syrup. Results, to date, are contrary to expectations, as the bees fed on sugar alone and on late gathered honey only, have done practically as well as those fed on early gathered honey alone and on early gathered honey with sugar. It would thus seem better to await further experimental work before coming to conclusions. Fjei.d Husbandry Work for this Division comprises agricultural engineering, crop management and soil management. ^ AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERKG Owing to the scarcity of funds, very little could be done during 1919 at clearing land, draining, fencing and road making. A good horticultural barn was put up, with a large under-ground cellar of 40x25, and rooms for washing vegetables, packing small fruit, and storing seeds. DEPARTMENT OF AGHICVLTURE CROP MANAGKMENT 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Project No. SG — Field Crop Areas and Yields — Corn, hay and barley were a better crop than usual, whilst swedes, oats, wheat and peas were lower. Crop Yield per acre in pounds 1919 Average Longfellow com Good Luck swedes Timothy hay Clover hay Banner oats Manchurian barley Huron wheat Arthur peas 20,929 11,410 4,530 4,256 1,175 1,475 1,528 1,260 16.496 23,599 3,772 4,197 1,701 1,179 1,647 1,408 8 years 8 years 8 years 8 years 8 years 6 years 5 years 5 years Project No. 35 — Cost of production of field crops.- — ^Since 1913 inclusive, accurate records have been kept on 106 acres, for the three main crops of the district, swede turnips, oats and hay, with the following results: — Crop Yield per acre Average for seven years Yield per acre Good Luck swede turnips Banner oats Clover and timothy hay. lbs. 11,460 1,339 4,378 $10 82 per ton.. 0 59 per bush 7 35 per ton.. lbs. 24,628 1,804 4,540 $3 70 per ton. 0 39 per bush 6 12 per ton An increase in yield lowers the cost per acre, invariably, in the above cases. Project No. JfS — Different rotations.— A three, four, a five and a six-year rotation have been compared for nine years. Contrary to expectations, the profit seems to be greater as the rotation is lengthened, but it is also easily seen that the land is getting weedier each year on these longer rotations. This is work which must be continued for a great many years before reasonable conclusions can be arrived at. Project No. 38 — Different rates of sowing oats. — This experiment, commenced in 1913, comparing thirteen different rates of sowing oats, from 1 to 4 bushels inclusive, going up by a quarter of a bushel, has been run on a sandy loam of better than ordinary fertility. The average, for seven years for the five best rates giving the yield in pounds per acre, less the amount of seed used, is as follows: 3 J bushels, 2,025 pounds; 2i bushels, 1,995 pounds; H bushels, 1,965 pounds; 2f bushels, 1,890 pounds; 3 bushels" 1,S68 pounds. Until more light is thrown on the subject, it is recommended to sow 2 1/2 bushels per acre on soil such as the above mentioned. Project No. 39 — Different rates of seeding timothy, red clover and alsike mixed — Since 1912 incIusiv^l4S plots of 1/60 acre each were used for thie project. On half of this number of plots, 12 lbs timothy, 8 pounds red clover and 2 pounds alsike were sown per acre, with Banner oats as a nurse crop, whilst the others only received half of these quantities. The ,thick seeding gave 193 pounds more hay per acre, or only an increase of about 4 per cent, which shows that on a sandy loam where fertility is not as necessary to sow large quantities of grass and clover seed as on a piece of badly worked land. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Project No. Jfi — Yield of clover hay after different hinds of nurse crops. — Since 1912, all the trial plots, 378 in number, were seeded down with timothy, red clover and alsike, at the rate of 8, 12 and 2 pounds respectively per acre. The crop of clover hay was at the rate of 2 tons and 1,.593 pounds per acre after barley, 2 tons 1,237 pounds after wheat, 2 tons 953 pounds after oats, 1 ton and 1,898 pounds after peas. Project No. Jfl — Yield of clover hay with different rates of sowing oats. — For seven years, Banner oats was sown at different rates and the crop of clover was weighed the following year, to see after which density could be had the largest quantity of hay. Contrary to expectations, the rates above 2 1/2 bushels of oats per acre have been followed, in general, by a larger crop of clover hay than those below. It is interesting to note that the average rate of 2 1/2 bushels of oats per acre has been followed by exactly the average of the clover crop for all densities. SOIL MAXAGEMEXT Project No. Jt2 — Spring vs. autumn ploughing for silage corn. — The average of three years is all in favour of fall ploughing, as the yield was 16 per cent more and the land was freer of weeds, which necessitated less hand labour. This is no small plot work, as all the crop was weighed on 26-40 acres. Experiments were continued with the main cereals of the district, grown singly and in mixtures. Project No. 19 — Improvement of harley hy selection. — In 1914, this project was started with the results that for 1918 and 1919 the Cap Rouge selection is at the head of the six varieties in the trial plots. Project No. 23 — Variety tests of harley. — Since 1911, seventeen varieties and strains of two-rowed and six-rowed barley were tried and nine of them were dropped because they did not yield enough. The highest yielder, in 1919, was Cap Rouge selection of Manchurian which yielded at the rate of 1,860 pounds, or about 39 bushels per acre, and came to maturity in 86 days. The above variety is the one recommended to farmers of this district. Project No. HO — Variety tests of field beans. — In 1919, two varieties of field beans were tested. The Norwegian produced at the rate of 1,633 pounds per acre and the Yellow Rye at the rate of 865 pounds. Both took about the same time, 103 days, to mature. The difference in yield was probably due mostly to the freeness of disease in the Norwegian. Project No. 85 — Variety tests of flax. — Since 1915, two varieties of flax have been tried. Longstem, more adapted to the production of fibre, had an average length of about three feet, took 104 days to mature and produced at the rate of 559 pounds of seed per acre, whilst Novelty had an average length of some two feet, took 109 days to mature and produced at the rate of 811 pounds of seed per acre. Project No. 26 — Variety tests of oats. — Since 1911, fourteen different varieties and strains of oats have been tried and seven of them were set aside because they did not yield enough. Banner is the one which is recommended here. For an average of eight years, it produced at the rate of 2,244 pounds, or 66 bushels, per acre and came to maturity in 99 days 126 DHi'Mii ui:\r or miiiicvlicrk i 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Project Xo. Si — The influence of the preceding crop on the cooking qualities of fitld peas. — Arthur peas have been used three years for this experiment. The average results show that if the time to cook field peas grown after grain is 100, it would be represented by 139 for those grown after a hood crop and by 170 for those grown after sod. Project Xo. 2Jt — Variety tests of field peas. — Since 1911,, twelve varieties or strains of field peas have been tried and eight of them were dropped because they did not yield enough. Arthur is the variety recommended to farmers of the district. For an average of eight years, it yielded at ihe rate of 1,905 pounds, or about 32 bushels, per acre, and took 97 days to come to maturity. Project No. 32 — Improvement of spring wheat by selection. — In 1913, this project was started, with the result that, for 1918 and 1919, tl)e Cap Rouge selection stands ,-i'cond, for yield, amongst the eleven varieties which were in the trial plots. Project No. 27 — Variety tests of spring wheat.- — Since 1911, twenty varieties and strains of spring wheat have been tried and eleven set aside because they were low yielders. Huron is recommended to farmers of the district. Its average production, for nine years, is 1,280 pounds, or over 21 bushels, and it took 100 -days to come to maturity. Project No. 18 — Mixtures for grain production. — Since 1912, twelve different mixtures were tried for grain production, but these have been cut down to five, as the others did not yield enough. In general, mixtures have not yielded as much per acre as the different grains sown alone. Another disadvantage is that a farmer gener- ally feeds the mixture as harvested, when the proportion of each grain is often not what it should be for the ptirpose. FORAGE CROPS Investigations were continued with the forage crops suitable for this district. Project No. -57 — Improvement of alfalfa by selection. — This was started in 1915 with Grimm, seed which was sown on an exposed place, so that by natural selection, the plants not strong enough to withstand the rigors of winter could be rogued out. Then 600 plantt? were put in and progeny record notes are kept from the most promising. Project No. 56 — Variety tests of red clover. — This project is to compare different varieties or strains of red clover as to hardiness, yield and number of crops they will produce. Three varieties are on test: the ordinary commercial red clover, a variety from S^veden, and a C.E.F. strain which is said to be perennial. A careful record will be kept of the date of cutting, the yield, and the percentage living the second, third, and fourth years. Project No. JU — Variety tests of silage corrt.— Since 1913, twenty-two varieties or strains of corn were tested for silage production. Longfellow is recommended to farmers of the district. For an average of six years, it yielded forage at the rate of 18,339 pounds per acre. Project No. 45 — Variety tests of field carrots. — ^Since 1911 nineteen varieties or strains of field carrots were tested. Improved Short White is at the top with a produc- tion of 16,474 pounds per acre, for an average of eight years. Project No. 55 — Methods of helping the germination of mangel seed. — The result'^ of twelve different teste made in flats, in the greenhouse, show that if the check is taken as 100, soaking seed in water for fifteen hours would give a germination of EXPEKIMKXTAL /MffU.S 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 106; soaking seed in a mixture of liquid manure and -water for fifteen hours, of 101: packing the soil, of 99 ; watering' every day, of 99 ; packing the soil and watering, of 95; mixing a complete fertilizer with the soil as in harrowing, of 84; applying a complete fertilizer in the row with the seed, of 55; mixing salt with the soil as in harrowing, of 4S; applying salt in the row with the seed, of 14. Project Xo. 53 — Variety tests of swede turnips.- — -Since 1911 forty-eight varieties and strains of swede turnips were tested. Good Luck is recommended to farmers of the district. For an average of nine years, it has yielded at the rate of 34,701 pounds per acre. Project So. 167 — Trueness to type of swede turnips produced from commercial seed. — In 1919, eeed was obtained from the trade of fifty-one varieties or strains of swede turnips. When the crop was pulled, a careful examination showed that 36 or 71 per cent were true to type and 15 or 29 per cent were not. Of these 15, 5 were not of the right colour, and ten were not of the right shape. Of the latter ten. 2 werr 5 per cent off, 5 were 10 per cent off, 2 were 15 per cent off and 1 was 50 per cent off. FERTILIZERS Project J\ 0. l-lfl — Infiuen<:e of phosphoric acid in promoting maturity of corn. — The resiilt of this experiment, for one year, shows that the addition of about 500 pounds of acid phosphate, per acre, to twenty tons of good barnyard manure on a sandy loam of better than average fertility, made no difference in the degree of maturity and, moreover, did not increase the crop. HORTICULTURE Experiments in horticulture relate to fruits, ornamental plants, and vegetables. FRUITS Projects on hand deal with apples, cherries, pears, plums, grapes, black currant?. red currants, white currants, gooseberries, strawberries and raspberries. Project No. 91 — Comparison of different cover crops for an apple orchard. — The object is to find out a good cover crop for an orchard. The following are com- pared: red clover sown every year; vetches sown every year; rape sown every year; clover followed by rape in a two year rotation; permanent sod, hay used as mulcii for trees; permanent sod, hay taken away. It is remarkable that, for an orchard planted in 1913, the growth is much weaker where there is a permanent sod. Variety Tests Project No. 87 — Apples. — -About 150 varieties, consisting of some 900 trees, were on test. The largest crop was from an Okabena planted in 1911 which gave 3'^ gallons of fruit. The best apples adapted to this district are Yellow Transparent. Lowland Raspberry, Red Astrakan for summer; Duchess, Montreal Peach for autumn: "Wealthy, Milwaukee. Wolf River, Fameuse, Mcintosh Red, McMahon White fo:- winter. Project No. S6 — Cherries. — Xone of the sweet cherries is hardy enough for this district. Of the sour ones, 16 varieties, consisting of 55 trees, were on tes: Most of these had been planted for 6 to 8 years and though some bore fruit previ ously, not one of them did so in 1919. Early Richmond, Griotte Morello, Montmorency Large, Orel Xo. 25, and Vladimir are promising for Central Quebec. 1^ DEPARTUEST OF AORICVLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Project No. 93 — Pears. — There were 4 varieties of pears, consisting of 40 tree.-j, on test. Though planted in 1913, they have not yet produced, and it is nearly sur? that this is a fruit which will not be a success so far north. All the trees made a good growth in 1919 and were in fine condition in the autumn. Project Xo. 76 — Plums. — There were 32 varieties of plums, consisting of 130 trees, on test. Most of these were planted between 1911 and 1913. None of the Europeans fruited in 1919, but a few of the Americans did so, amongst which weri.- Bixfby and ifankato. Contrary to expectations, a larger percentage of "the Euroi)ean ^varieties have lived at Cap Kouge than of the American varieties whose wood breaks much too easily. Project No. 122 — Grapes. — There were 28 varieties of grapes, consisting of 120 plants, on test. Many of 'these fruited in 1919, the ones which were nearest maturity being Manito, Champion, and Early Daisy amongst the blacks, Wyoming and Moyer amongst the reds, and Starr Early amongst the greens. Project No. 68 — Black currants. — Of the fourteen varieties of black currants on test for eight years. Climax leads with an average yield of 8,065 pounds per acre, followed by Saunders with 6,931 pounds and Topsy with 6,658 pounds. The highest yield was fruit or at the rate of 17,424 pounds per acre. They can be recommended for this district in the order mentioned above. Project No. 69 — Red currants. — Of the eleven varieties of red currants on test for eight years. Fay leads with an average yield of 9,272 pounds per acre, foUowe'l by Eed Grape with 8,275 pounds and Ked Cross with 7,951 poimds. The highest jield was obtained in 1919 from six plants of Eed Cross, set in 1912, which produced 63-75 pounds of fruit or at the rate of 15,427 pounds per acre. For this district, Fay Perfection (7,798 pounds per acre) and R^d Cross are to be recommended, as the fruit of Ked Grape is too small and 'the clusters do not fill well. Project No. 70 — White cuirants. — Three varieties have been on test for eight years and have yielded as follows, per acre: White Cherry, 4,326 pounds. White Grape, 4,293 pounds; Large White, 3,584 pounds. The highest yield was obtained in 191<] from six plants of Large White, set in 1911, which produced 29.75 pounds of fruit or at the rate of 7,199 pounds per acre. White Grape, on account of its superior quality, is the most recommendable variety for this district. Project No. 71 — Gooseberries. — Of the eleven varieties of gooseberries on test for eight years, Houghton leads with an average yield of 19,821 pounds per acre, followed by Downing with 14,227 pounds and Queen Anne with 14,054 pounds. The highest yield was ob'tained in 1919 from six plants of Houghton, set in 1912, which produced 150-25 pounds of fruit or at the rate of 36,360 pounds per acre. The varieties to be recommended for this district are Silvia (13,560 pounds per acre). Downing and Queen Anne, the two first on account of the size and quality of the fruit and the latter because it is firm and a good shipper. Houghton is a hea-i'y yielder, but though it might suit for canning purposes, its fruit is too small for ordinary markets- Project No. 72 — Baspherries. — A new plantation was made in 1919, so that this year is not included in the results. Of the six varieties of red raspberries on test for at least six years, Herbert leads with an average yield of 2,113 pounds per acre, followed by Brighton with 2,0S5 pounds and King with 1,971 pounds. The highest yield was obtained in 1916 from twelve plants of Herbert, set in 1912, which produced 36-5 pounds of fruit or at the rate of 5,445 pounds per acre. The varieties recom- mended for this dis'trict would be the ones mentioned above, in the order named, with fi preference for King if extra earliness is wanted. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Project No. 7It — Comparison of methods of planting strawberries. — The hill system is compared with the matted row. The average of two years shows a yield of 0-66 pound per plant for the first and 0-76 for the second. But as the plants were set 30 by 12 inches for the hill system and 42 by 12 inches for the matted row, the yield was at 'the rate of 11,051 ijounds per acre in the first instance and 9,8.91 in the second. Project No. 7S — Variety tests of strawherrics. — Of the twenty-four varieties of strawberries on test for at least five years, Valeria leads with an average yield of 9,077 pounds per acre, followed by Cassandra with 8,961 pounds and Portia with 8,22-6 pounds. The highest yield was obtained in 1916 from 46 plants of Portia, set in 1914, which produced 44 pounds of fruit or at the rate of 13,8S8> pounds per acre. Valeria is too small and not coloured enough; Cassandra is good in every respect; Portia is late and very firm to ship, but is an imperfect variety. Excelsior, with an average of 5,241 pounds per acre, is recommended for an early crop, whilst, of all commercial kinds, Dunlap, with an average of 7,705 pounds per acre, seems the best. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS Tests have been carried on with 370 varieties of annual flowers and bulbs, 170 varieties of perennial flowers, and 140 varieties of ornamental shrubs and trees. As a market proposition dafi'odils, sweet peas, aster^ and delphiniums would be remunerative to a grower near a fair sized city. The best liked shrubs are the lilacs, hydrangeas, roses, spireas, and honeysuckle. VEGETABLES Tests were carried on with a number of varieties and strains of the following vegetables: Asparagus, 11 varieties; garden beans, 66; garden beets, 34; cabbage, 48; garden carrots, 48 ; cauliflower, 9 ; celery, 13 ; sweet corn, 69 ; cucumbers, 30 ; musk- melon, 6; onions, 33; parsnips, garden peas, tomatoes, potatoes, turnips and rhubarb. Experiments in the improvement by selection of the following vegetables were carried on : Asparagus, garden beans, garden beets, cabbage, garden carrots, sweet corn, garden peas, and tomatoes. Some of this work was started several years ago and some in 1919. Before definite results can be secured it will be necessary to continue this selection for a number of years. There were nineteen different cultural experiments with vegetables as follows: Yield of asparagus when plants are set at different distances : sowing garden beans — one vs. four varieties; yield of garden beets when plants are thinned to different distances; comparison of methods of protecting cabbage against root maggots; yield of garden carrots when plants are thinned at different distances; comparison of methods of protecting cauliflower plants against root maggots; comparison of methods of blanching celery; comparison of different sizes of onion sets for yield; comparison of yields of onions which have been sown, transplanted, or planted as sets; yield of onions when plants are thinned at different distances ; yield of parsnips when plants are thinned at different distances; sowing garden peas — one vs. four varieties; comparison of different kinds of potato sets for yield; effect on yield of potatoes by plastering the seed; comparison of methods of treating rhubarb roots for forcing; comparison of methods of starting tomato plants; comparison of methods of training tomato plants; methods of pruning tomato plants; methods of artificially ripening tomatoes. EXTENSION AND PUBLICITY The work for this division consists in making exhibits at fairs and in distributing: literature. 16—9 130 I)FPAliT.VK\T OF Af!HlCl LTillF 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Exhibitions Exhibits were made at Three Rivers, Quebec, Baie St. Paul, St. Eomuald, and St. Michel. It is estimated that over 65,000 persons saw the Station exhibit at these five places. Diplomas were received from the two large fairs. Three Rivers and Quebec. It is interesting to note that the greatest number of inquiries were about horticulture, bees, poultry, cereals, forage plants, live stock and field husbandry in the order named. Publicity At the above exliibitions, and from the Station, nearly 4,000 circulars and bulletins were distributed during the year, whilst a great many names were added to the mailing list of the Publications Branch. DISTRIBUTIONS The following all grown at Cap Rouge, were distributed during the fiscal year: 312 apple trees, 126 black currant bushes. 111 red currant bushes, 78 white currant bushes, 18 gooseberry bushes, 132 raspberry canes, 3,150 strawberry plants, "60 i)erennial flowering plants, besides IOC packages of tomato seed, 180 of flower seed, 62 of cabbage seed. 25 of potatoes, 5 of sweet corn, -1 of garden beans and 10 of field beans. VISITORS There came 4,945 visitors to the Farm during the year, besides the large numbers, sometimes over one hundred at a time, who visit the Station on Sundays or holidays. Anybody asking for information is given special attention and it would be hard indeed to find even a few persons who could say that they have not been courteously treated at Cap Rouge. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, LENNOXVILLE, QUE. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, J. A. Mc^LARY. THE SE.\SOS The weather throughout the month of April was dull and wet. Ploughing was commenced on April 19 and no seeding was done until May 8. The fine weather the latter part of itay enabled farmers to get their seeding practically all completed. The clover wintered very well and we commenced cutting the first crop on June IT, the second crop being used for silage purixises. The crop of hay in the district was above the average. The grain crop was extra good and reaping was commenced on August 16. We commenced to harvest corn" for silage puri'oses September 13. A very satisfactory yield was secured. October was dull and wet, rain falling on fourteen days. The first snowfall of the season was on November 5 when we had a fall of 8 inches, after which the weather was fine and a considerable amount of ploughing was done. The weather in December was quite severe, the St. Francis river freezing over on the 16th, where a year ago it froze over January 7. The weather through the winter was remarkably cold which was very hard on fruit trees and shrubs throughout the district. EXrEIilMKMA L FAKilH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Meteoholomcai. Records, 1919-20 Month Temperatures Precipitation Total Sunshine Hours Maximum Minimum Mean Rainfall Snowfall Total 1919 April Date 23 23 5 4 7 21 10 8 13 3 25 68 77 93 92 83 83 74 58 45 35 44 66 Dale 4 6 29 8 12 27 30 28 18 26 1 0 25 30 40 35 26 18 - 4 -23 -44 -47 -33 37-43 51-75 64-33 65-82 62-19 54-81 43-93 32- 14 11-37 1-60 12-65 55-32 Inches 1-32 2-99 3 19 3-18 3-59 4-31 6-63 1-29 0-45 0-79 Inches 13-6 Inches 2-68 2-99 3-19 318 3-59 4-31 6-63 2-74 105 211 1-90 3-09 103-9 Mav . 213-8 248-7 July . . ■ 239-6 196-8 September 138-2 ■ 14-5' 60 21-1 190 230 103 0 52-6 December January (1920) 98-3 84-6 85-6 March 150-5 Total 818 6816 65-50 65-75 23 1-91 10-8 4-25 493-34 41-11 40-81 36-39 27-74 2-77 2-98 3-45 97-2 16-2 13-56 16-8 37-46 3-12 3-28 3-29 1,715-6 Average per month , 1919-20 142-9 Average per month. 1918-19 132-9 Average per month, 1917-18 130-9 LIVE STOCK Horses. — There are at present eighteen horses at this Station, consisting of three legistered Cl.vdesdale mares, one registered Clydesdale stallion, one registered Clydesdale filly born in 1918, one registered Clydesdale filly born in 1919, one carriage horse, nine grade Clydesdales and two grade Percheron work-horses. The mares are bred to foal in August or September so as to have the use of them in the spring when horse labour is so necessary in getting the crops in. The foals are run with their dams until March when they are weaned, and the mares put into condition for spring's work. Work-horses not needed in the winter are run in yards with good shelter and fed a ration consisting of 20 pounds hay, 30 pounds silage and 2 pounds bran per da.v. Caftlc. — The Ayrshire herd at this Station on March 31, 1920, consisted of forty head as follows : One aged stock bull, nineteen cows, two two-year-old heifers, seven yearling heifers and eleven calves. The young stock from our herd sire, "Gardrum Bold Boy" — i7138 — is looking very promising and, with the excellent Record of Performance that this bull has back of him, we are looking for good results from his calves. This Station has never offered any females for sale as the policy of the Farm is to build up a herd from the small foundation we had to start with, in order to keep the herd ae clean and healtb.y as possible. The young bulls are sold to farmers when from six to twelve months old, from which we expect to see good results. Slwiihorns. — Our Shorthorn herd consists of three cows, two two-year-old heifers, two yearling heifers, one heifer calf, one bull calf and one herdj bull, "Kentville Tudor" — 123902. This bull was bred at the Kentville Experimental Station from a dam in the Record of Performance test with a record of over 8,000 pounds milk. Three of these animals were purchased in the month of March as an acquisition to strengthen our present herd. 16 — 9i 132 DKI'ARTMFST OF AGRICCLTVRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Beef Steers.— There was purchased in the fall of 1919 ninety-two steers which were tied in the barn on November 10. They were fed corn, clover silage and hay until January 15, when a light grain ration of 2 pounda per day was commenced and gradually increased to 7 pounds per day on May 12. These cattle were sold on May 12 and an average gain of 270-10 pounds was made. Sheep.— The sheep at this Station comprise fifty-nine head as follows:— One registered Oxford Down ram, nine registered ewes, thirty-four grade Oxford ewes and fifteen shearlings. Tlie wool and lambs from this flock are disposed of through the Sherbrooke County Wool Growers" and Sheep Breedens' Association, which has done much to enable the farmers to procure better prices for these products than heretofore by having the wool graded as well as the lambs so that they can be offered to prospective buyers by the different grades that they require, thereby receiving higher prices. Su'ine. — There was on hand on April 1, one Yorkshire boar, five brood sows, twenty-four breeders and seventeen young pigs. We have sold throughout the year to tlie farmers in this district, a number of breeders from our lot. both males and females, which seem to be in good demand. A start was made in poultry work on this Farm in the spring of 1919, by purchasing eggs and incubating them on the Farm. All chicks were hatched between May 15 and June 12 and were brooded in colony houses 10 by 12 feet in size, with coal burning brooders for heat. These houses were moved out into the field when the chicks were two months old to give more free range. A strict account of all the feed used during each month was kept and charged at market price. The feed used during the last two weeks in May was charged in the June account and the foUowing is the average cost per chick for feed during the following months: June Si cents; July 8J cents; August 15 J cents; September 1S| cents; and October 22i cents. To demonstrate the advantage of fattening poultry befoje marketing, two lots of cockerels were weighed before being put into fattening crates, valued at the local price for range birds and an account was kept of feed used to fatten them for three weeks. At the end of that time they were again weighed and valued at the local price for crate fed chickens alive, and then they were killed and marketed at best market prices. No. Birds Total Weight Local price for range stock Value Live wt. after 3 weeks Local price for quality Value Dressed Weight Price Value 45 148 0-26 $38 48 209 0-30 $62 70 185 , 0-41 $75 85 Cost of feed for 3 weeks $10.25 or 16J cents per pound of gain. Lor No. 2 36 162 0-26 $42 12 211 0-30 $63 30 0-41 $76 67 Cost of feed for 3 weeks $8.80 or 175 cents per pound of gain. Sour skim-milk was used in Lot No. 1 to moisten mash instead of water, which accounts for better gains at lower cost per pound gain than in Lot No. 2. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 It was found that the sale of cockerels and cull pullets left a balance on hand after paying cost of all feed until November 1. This left 215 pullets, some of which were commencing to lay and could not have been replaced for an average of $2.50 each, on hand to commence paying their own way. These pullets were housed in straw loft type houses which have proved very satisfactory for this climate. All birds were trap-nested from November 1 and some very interesting records have been secured. The vast difference in various individuals in their ability to produce eggs is very marked. In the same pen, ten of the best individuals laid during the four winter months November 1 to February 29, 672 eggs or an average of over 67 eggs per bird, while the ten poorest producers only laid 118 eggs or an average of a little over 11 eggs each. The average producers only laid 118 eggs or an average of a little over 11 eggs each. The average price of eggs for the four months was 84' cents, therefore the eggs laid by the first ten would be worth $47.04 while the eggs from the ten poorest producers would only amount to $7.26. These birds were all of even maturity and under the same care. The average cost per bird for the four months was $1.22 or $12.20 per 10. Thus the 10 best producers would have a profit of $34.84 while the 10 poorest producers would be a loss of $4.94. At the end of February all pullets which had not laid more than 25 eggs during the four winter months, November 1 to February 29, were culled out and disposed of as market poultry. The pullets which laid during same period more than 50 eggs were put into three pens and mated to pedigreed males which were purchased and were out of hens which had laid over 200 eggs the previous year. All chicks from those matings were pedigree banded and their number recorded for further selection. The remainder of the pullets were mated to males from high producing stock and the chicks from those matings were toe-punched. The incubator has been started again about March 20, and is doing good work so that prospects are promising for another year. SuMiuRY OF Egg Production for Five Months from November 1, to March 31, 1920. Month No. Pullets Cost of feed Eggs laid Price sold Total value Profit Losa Average Eggs per bird Average Profit per bird November 215 206 206 •205 tl66 $ cts. 46 55 62 17 63 02 64 05 40 05 306 2,142 2,663 2,124 1,973 cts. 90 90 80 75 75 S cts. 22 95 160 65 177 52 132 75 123 30 $ cts. "98 48 114 50 68 70 83 25 $ cts. 23 60 If lot 12} 10| lU 47; 56J 335 50J January March *2 cockerels fed. t9 cock erels fed HOR TICULTU RE Seasonal conditions at the outset of the spring of 1919 were quite promising for horticultural crops. For a brief interval in the early weeks of spring there was a spell of fine weather which gave every promise of an exceptional season; this lasted until June 28 and 29, when a very severe frost occurred which cut off potatoes, tomatoes and many of the other tender varieties of garden crops. It should be noted here, that some localities were affected more severely than others. Cultural Apple Orchard. — Work was begun in this orchard early in the month of April, pruning and the removal of the paper protectors, etc., in preparation for the other operations. 134 DFriRTVEST OF AORICI LTIRE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The replacing of the trees killed during the winter of 1917-18 was carried out to quite a degree, especially in the ease of Mcintosh, Fameuse, Scott Winter, Duchess, Wealthy, Alexander, Wolf River, Yellow Transparent, Dudley, Langford Beauty and Crimson Beauty. It wafi considered to bo worth trying to establish the better varieties of fruit trees once more and then if they killed out, some other policy could be adopted with regard to the planting of the orchard with varieties that would be hardier. However, it was thought advisable to discard two of the varieties entirely. Blue Permain and Bethel, because of the heavy losses sustained since the orchard was first planted out. These two have been replaced with McMahon White and Patten Duchess. ^ From indications it seems that another variety will have to be discarded, that is Milwaukee, on account of the large percentage of the trees that have been killed. Variety Apple Orchard. — There is a much better appearing lot of trees in thi= orchard than in the cultural, generally speaking, although in some parts of the orchard where the land is so wet, it has been found that a very hard impervious svh- ?oiI exists, and the trees clearly show this area by their lack of vigour. A very fine lot of trees are to be found o-ii the hillside sloping to the north and another lot quite as vigorous at the extreme southeast corner of the orchard site. A set of under-drains has rendered the conditions somewhat better in this corner. This is very noticeable in the size and vigour of the trees. The trees in both of the apple orchards ripened their wood in good time this year to withstand severe weather. Plums. — The plums wintered well last year and many of tliem fruited. Of course the crop was small but some very good fruit was taken from the standard trees; of these Weaver and Omaha did the best. Some of the seedling trees produced small crops; of these the following seemed to l>e outstanding: Gloria Seedling, 0-4.^(! ; Oren Seedling, 0-423; Caro Seedling, 0-419: Hawkeye Seedling, 0-417. Cherries and Pears. — The cherries and pears did better this season than in former years, but there is yet miich to be hoped for so far as the development of the trees is concerned. Grapes. — This part of the division did even poorer than any year past, which was due to a very large measure to the late frost which occurred June 38 and 39. At this time serious damage was done to the vines. Baspherries. — A very good crop of fruit was harvested from some of the varieties this year. It should be understood that in no wise are any of the canes layered in the fall of the year, this method of handling shows the hardiness of the varieties to good advantage. King has proved the leader in hardiness and yielding ability, of course the fruit may not be quite as firm for shipping as Herbert, but there is plenty of quality in this variety to recommend it for growing in this district, when hardiness is such an important feature to be borne in mind. Brighton, Count and Sarah follow next in order as to hardiness and yielding abi'lity. Currants. — There was a small crop from the bushes this season, but the quality of the fruit was very good. Black. — Saunders, Kerry, Climax a-id Buddenburg. EXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Bed. — Red Grape, Lees Prolific and Victoria. White. — Cherry, Grape and Large White. All the foregoing varieties are in order of merit. Gooseberries. — The crop from this class of fruit was small again this year but the bushes are becoming well established. Strawherries. — >X very good crop of strawberries was obtained from the plantation and good prices obtained throughout the entire season. The following varieties are recommended for this district: Senator Dunlap, Glen Mary, Parsons Beauty, Buster, Howard Xo. 41, Portia (Seedling) and Valeria. The last mentioned seedlings, especially Portia, are of exceptional merit. The large, uniform, bright, firm fruit borne very uprightly on strong stems are some of the features of the variety, along with its ability to yield over a very long season, with fruit of good quality to the last pick. Propagation. — Currant cuttings of several of the best varieties were made and planted out in nursery rows, to have them ready for distribution. The cuttings did not take as well as desired, but there are quite a lot of very good young bushes on hand. Caragana, Honeysuckle, Lilac and Japanese Quince, were started from seed. VEGETABLE GAIiDEX This branch of the work involved the expenditure of considerable time, especially in connection with the hotbed work. In connection with the cultural and variety test work, %-ery satisfactory results were obtained. The following cultural experiments were carried on : — Thinning of beets, carrots, parsTiips and onions; successive crop teets with peas and beans; training of tomatoes to stakes and wires; control of browu streak in potatoes and actual yield of one healthy tuber; yields from the planting of whole small potatoes, sets with one eye, two eyes and three eyes; control of the cabbage root maggot; different methods of celery blanching. The testing of the different varieties of vegetables was carried on as usual. Cab- bage, cauliflower, carrots, beets, onions, parsnips, salsify, tomatoes, peppers, peas, beans, radish, lettuce, spinach, kale, kohl rabi, melons, cucumbers, citron, corn, pumpkins and egg plants, were all under test, in addition to some of the seasoning herbe. Garden beet, cabbage, parsnip, carrot, radish seed and Malcolm corn were grown this year, with quite good success. This seed is being kept for seed distribution. ORXAMENTAL GROINDS The borders, both perennial and shrub, were very attractive this past season. All the hedges made splendid growth and were much admired by the numerous visitors. To make the space occupied by the hedges more attractive, grass was sown and long narrow flower beds cut between each of the hedge rows. One variety of perennial flowers was planted in each of these narrow beds. The effect was very pleasing. It has been found that the early spring flowers attract very much attention, even the scant variety which we had last spring brought very many people to the garden. Tulijw of the early doubles, singles, late singles, Darwins, daffodils and a few snow- drops comprised the collection. In the annual flower garden there was quite a. profusion of bloom from the middle of July until the frost came. A small quantity of seed from some of the best perennial flowers was saved for distribution to people desirous of securing these varieties. 136 DEPARTMEyr OF AGltlClLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 SEED DISTRIBUTION The distribution of garden seeds was limited to the minimum last spring; seed was sent only to those who made a epecial request to the office. During former years a notice was inserted in the local papers announcing the seed distribution. The demand was very great and the supply of seed barely met the demand. It was discovered that the seed grown here gave very satisfactory results, and we feel that continuance of this distribution work would not attain the object sought, viz., the growing of garden seeds at home. JIany of the people would feel that if it was possible to secure seed from the Station, there would be no need of growing seed at home. The general distribution was discontinued, therefore, on these grounds. Potatoes. — Distribution of seed potatoes was conducted from thle Station again last spring, and over five hundred three-pound bags were sent out. Four varieties were used, Irish Cobbler, Early Ohio, Green Mountain, and Rose of the North. FIELD HUSBANDRY Rotations. — Very little work has yet been taken up in this division outside of the regular field husbandry work of the Farm in general. The general rotation followed is a four years' rotation consisting of hoed crops the first year such as roots, potatoes and corn ; second year, sown to grain and seeded with 10 pounds of clover and 10| pounds of timothy per acre; third year, two crops of clover, the second crop being used for seed purposes or put into the silo ; fourth year, hay. Crop Yields. — The crop of hay harvested the past season, amounting to 280 tons, was one of the best ever produced at this Station. The clover predominated very strongly in the first year's crop and gave a very good yield. The first cutting was com- menced June 20 and a large amount of the second cutting was put into silos. The cereal crop consisted of 60 acres of oats which yielded 46 bushels per acre. Two acree of wheat yielded 19 bushels per acre. Twenty-six acres were planted to Indian com for silage. There was a mixture of sunflowers added to part of this crop which increased considerably the tonnage of the same. FORAGE CROPS Eoots. — Twenty-two varieties of swedes were tested, Ewing's Conqueror Green Top giving the highest yield and Ewing's Universal the lowest yield. Thirty-one varieties of mangels were tested, Steele Brigg's Giant Half Sugar Rose giving the highest yield and Steele Brigg's Prize Mammoth the lowest. Thirteen varieties of silage corn were under test; the dent variety giving the highest yield was White Cap Yellow Dent with Wisconsin 7 next. Longfellow was first and NortJi Dakota second in the flint varieties. Sunflowers were also sown for silage purposes which gave a yield of 16 tons l.-WJl pounds per acre. Japanese Millet yielded, 13 tons 210 pounds per acre, and oats and vetches yielded 7 tons 388 pounds per acre. FARM IMPROVEMENTS Road Work.— The Farm road above the Ascot Consolidated School running from the northeast corner of the Station to the southeast corner has been completed. This road is used by the school vans to convey scholars from two districts to this Con- solidated School which shortens the distance about two miles. Four hundred and eighty loads of gravel were used to surface the roads running through the Farm. A light application of gravel is added every two years. These roads are dragged at different inter\'als throughout the summer months in order to EXPERIilEyTAL FARMS 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 keep them in good condition. The drag is one of the best road making machines Lf used often and at the proper time after a rain. Fences. — Three hundred and fifty rods of wire fencing was erected the past season, also two hundred and twenty-five rods of rail fencing. Drainagei — Thirty-two thousand five hundred feet of tile was laid during the summer of 1919 as follows: 15,000 feet of 3-inch, 8,000 feet of 4-inch, and 9,500 feet of 6-inch tile. There was also one hundred rods of open ditch dug. Clearing Land. — Seven acres of aew land was stumped and rocks taken out and field ploughed, which will be an acquisition to the cultivated area. Buildings. — There was built the past season a sheep barn 30 by 75 feet with a side addition for feed room and lambing pens 16 by 16 feet. This building is divided into five pens with yard run for each pen. This has added much to the convenience of handling our flock. There was also built one i)ermanent poultry house 16 by 32 feet for the accom- modation of 100 hens and also three colony houses. Other necessary repairs were done on other buildings. • There was held on the 14th of August the fifth annual Farmers' Day gathering at this Station which was very well attended by people from all parts of the district who took much interest in the different lines of work, such as ■ live stock, field husbandry, horticulture and poultry, etc.. Addresses were given by the Hon. Dr. Tolmie, Federal Minister of Agriculture : Dr. Grisdale, Deputy Minister of Agricul- ture; Mr. A. T. Charron, of the Provincial Department of Agriculture; Mr. Crepeau; Mr. Ritchie, Assistant to the Superintendent; Miss Chute, of the Domestic Science Branch of Macd-onald College, and others. Mr. T. F. Ritchie, Assistant to the Superintendent, and Mr. Lang, of the Poultry Division, held meetings throughout the winter months in different districts. EXHIBITIONS This Station had an exhibit at the Great Eastern Exhibition at Sherbrooke, occupying a space of 12 by 50 feet in which was arranged models of buildings, cereals, roots, seeds, sheaves of grain and grasses, vegetables and flowers. There was also an attractive poultry exhibit comprising day-old chicks, water fowls and equipment for poultry work. This exhibit was in charge of Mr. Ritchie, assistant Superintendent, Mr. Lang, of the Poultry Division, and Mr. Lemyre, of the Horticultural Division. The Farm also had an exhibit at the Brome County Fair, which is a fair of three days' duration, and also at the Ste. Scholastique Fair in the county of Two Mountains. TVe are pleased to say that the visitors at this Station show a marked increase from year to year and much interest is shown in the horticultural, poultry and live stock work. 138 in:i'M{TMK\r or miuicvltirk 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 EXPERIMENTAL STATION, LA FERME, QUE. REPORT OF THE FOREMAX-MANAGER, PASCAL FORTIER, B.S.A. THE SEASON" April of 1919, although rather cold, was very pleasant and the warmth of tha following month favoured seeding operations. Rain fell in sufficient quantity to permit of a uniform germination. However, the drouth of June injured all crops and rain in July, August, and September made harvesting operations and fall ploughing and seeding difficult. From October, 1919, to April, 1920, the weather was compara- tively favourable for this district. It is interesting to note that during 1919 there was no frost from June 28 to September 10, but just before the former date severe frosts completely destroyed the Indian corn and beans and damaged the potatoes. It is altogether probable that the late spring frosts and early winter frosts will become less frequent as the land is more and more cleared. % Meteorological Record, 1919-20 Month Temperature F. Precipitation Sunshine hours Mean Highest Lowest Rainfall Snowfall Total April 28-86 49 6515 65-5 59-2 48-3 3512 21 1 -0-47 68 89 94 94 83 72 63 44 27 26 27 58 ° Inches -13 216 17 3-62 27 1-43 34 4-14 40 ■'1-67 Inches 800 Inches 2-96 3-62 1-43 4 14 5-67 5-15 2-96 2-29 3-9 1-9 May....." 308-2 July 241-9 137-1 30 14 -23 -40 -48 -41 -29 515 2-96 1-69 90-7 45-8 November 600 39-00 19 1920' February .'{■79 March.... 1-^-74 LIVE STOCK -There are at present on hand ten heavy work horses and two light drivers. The work horses have been employed in clearing and general farm work. For feed they have cost an average of 67 cents per day per head, the high cost being due to the fact that considerable roughage had to be purchased from distant points. Cattle. — On March 31 the herd was made up of three grade Aj-rshire cows, one grade Holstein cow, one Ayrshire bull, 3 grade Ayrshire calves and one grade Holsteiu calf. From the first of April, 1919, to March 31, 1920, the milch cows gave 30,468 pounds of miUc and cost $^64.92 for feed. The milk yielded a revenue of $2.18 per himdred pounds and the cows cost 31 cents per head per day. Xo exi>erimental work has yet been carried on with the dairy cattle. Swine. — On March 31 there were on hand four sows, one boar and 32 swine of JifFerent ages, the latter being fattened for sale. The breed kept is the Yorkshire. During the year careful figures of the cost of fattening 12 pigs bought October 26, 1»1S, were kept. On April 10, 1919, they weighed 970 pounds and on the 9th of KXPERIMKNTAL FARMS 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 August, 1,873 pounds, or a gain of 903 pounds in all, or 75 pounds per head. On the last-named date they had cost for feed $279.69 and they were sold at 15 cents per pound. This return is very satisfactory when one remembers the high cost of feeds and the rather unsatisfactory temporary quarters in which they were kept. It is hoped to build a modern piggery in the course of the year 1920. HORTICULTURE The season was very good for garden crops, with the exception of corn, tomatoes and beans, which were injured by frost early in June. Very good crops were gathered of peas, lettuce, cabbage and carrots. The growth of the apple trees was considerably kept back by the frosts of spring. The raspberries and strawberries were also damaged by frost. Gooseberries gave good results. Flowers bloomed very freely; until the end of September one might see flowers in bloom which are generally confined to the milder regions. These included dahlia, phlox and China asters. With the exception of the maples, which were winter killed, the elms, poplar, oak and ash trees sent here by the Central Experimental Farm and by the Quebec Department of Agriculture grew very well in the nursery. FARM IMPROVEMENTS A boarding house large enough to accommodate 35 men and with all necessary conveniences was built during the year. Two cottages were also put iip, one for the assistant to the superintendent and the other for the farm foreman. These buildings will be a great assistance in obtaining the necessary supply of farm labour. Part of the old barn built by the Militia Department was remodelled into a stable. A consider- able amount of road-work was done and it is hoped next year a road will be finished from the Station to the railway station. About two miles of fencing was put up and a considerable amount of stone removed and surface drainage done. Plans were also prepared for the underdrainage of the Farm, which it is hoped be taken up next year. EXPERIMENTAL STATION. KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO REPORT OF THE FOREMAN-MANAGER. SMITH BALLANTYNE WEATHER CONDITIONS The spring of 1919 opened very early and was more favourable for work on the land than any spring since the opening of this Station. Seeding was commenced May 17, and extreme heat, and light rains following" seeding were responsible for a quick germination of all seeds. The growth was very rapid during the first part of June, but owing to a severe and lengthy spell of drought during 'the latter part of June and during the month of July serious damage was done to crops, especially to the root crop. During the months of August, September and October heavy rains did consider- able damage to crops, and greatly retarded the progress of harvesting and fall ploughing. Winter weather set in early in November and during the montlis of December, January, February and March very low temperatures with heavy snowfalk werp recorded. 140 DEPARTMEyT OF AGRICULTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 FIEIJJ IIUSBANDnV Both spring and fall wheat did remarkably well despite adverse weather condi- tions; fall wheat harvested July 26 yielded thirty bushels per acre. Four varieties of spring wheat were sown, Marquis, Prelude, Huron and Ruby, all of which matured. Ruby wheat matured in sixty-nine days and threshed twenty- six bushels per acre. The other varieties matured, but as they were much later than Ruby wheat they were spoiled in the stook by wet weather during the latter part of August. Potatoes, mangels, turnips, corn and sunflowers made a remarkable showing, the yield from potatoes, turnips and sunflowers being exceptionally good. Great damage was done to the mangel crop by cut-worms. From a two-acre plot of mangels, one-quarter alone was harvested, the remainder being entirely destroyed by cut-worms. The hay crop on the average was a light one, but of excellent quality and it was harvested in first-class condition. A good crop of second-growth clover was harvested which was stored in the silo for ensilage. Fall wheat sown in the fall of 1919 looked in good condition when winter set in, yet, owing to heavy winds during the winter the snow did not cover this crop as well as wished for, and quite a large area will be winter-killed. Meteobolooical Records Months Temperature Fahrenheit. Precipitation Sunshine Maximum Minimum Rainfall Snowfall Total 1919 Date 21 28 18 19 20 3 5 11 23 7 8 23 Degrees. 65 90 92 92 84 85 70 47 35 30 31 62 Date 1 9 28 7 8 26 27 19 18 24 27 14 Degrees. -12 20 30 33 36 28 12 4 -40 —52 -38 -39 Inches 2-54 2 04 0-23 408 800 10 06 400 Inches 500 100 Inches 3-04 2-14 0-23 408 800 1006 4-30 2-00 1-60 0-65 0-20 1-70 Hours 169-4 May 255-6 317-2 July 235-6 152-0 95-6 300 2000 1600 6-60 200 700 67-9 43-8 74-9 1920 113-8 100 144-6 Totals 31-95 60-50 38-00 1,670-4 \ HO RTICULTU RE In the main the results from the diflFerent branches of this department were highly satisfactory, small fruits and vegetables as well as all classes of flowers and shrubs made an excellent sjjowing. Tomatoes, pumpkin, squash, peas and beans were successfully grown in the open, fine yields being obtained from each variety mentioned. Currants, raspberries and strawberries did well, the results from all being satis- factory. A start was made in connection with the planting of hedges around the superin- tendent's residence, and the compiletion of this work will be carried on during the coming summer. EXPERIilEXTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Two colonies were supplied this Station from the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, in September, 1919, which were kept in the open until October 20. On this date they were transferred to winter quarters in the cellar of the superintendent's house. The winter being very severe great difficulty was found in keeping an even temperature in the room provided for the bee^, which resulted in the loss of a consider- able number. However, both colonies seem to be strong, and a good result is expected from them during the coming season, as this section of the country seems to be well suited for bee-keeping. This branch is considered important in a new country such as this, as the working of bees will without doubt greatly assist plant life and the growing of clovers. AXIilAL HUSBAXDRY Horses. — Sixteen horses of heavy draught type are kept at this Station. During the winter months these horses are employed for the most part in hauling of logs and pulpwood taken from land clearing operations, as well as keeping the Station supplied with firewood. By working the teams alternately it is found that they keep in good condition and are in first-class condition for spring work which at this Station is very hard on horses owing to the amount of new land that is being worked. The breaking of virgin soil by team-power calls for both strength and endurance in horseflesh. Dairy Herd. — The dairy herd at this Station at the present time numbers thirty head made up as follows : Four mature grade Holstein cows, eight mature grade Ayrshire cows, three two-year-old Ayrshire heifers, eight yearling Ayrshire heifers, and six Ayrshire calves. Springbank King Theodore 2nd heads the herd. As the above herd increases in number it is the intention of the management to weed out and build up a district herd of Ayrshire cattle, selecting the stock from the best producers as shown by the records of performance and production that are being kept. Beef Cattle. — Thirty-four head of Shorthorn stock comprise this herd, nineteen grade Shorthorn cows and fourteen calves with ages ranging from three to ten months. Kentville Marconi, a registered Shorthorn bull received from Exjwrimental Sta- tion, Kentville, X.S., heads this herd. • All Shorthorn calves are allowed to run with their mothers, and at present we have a bunch of calves from which we hope to establish an excellent type of beef cattle. Sheep. — A pure-bred flock of Shropshire sheep is kept at this Station, the foun- dation flock being supplied by the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Results during the year ending March 31, 1920, were not satisfactory, as out of a total of nineteen lambs dropped from twelve ewes, seven lambs only were saved. The lambs when dropped were weak and a large percentage affected with goitre. Lack of proper housing, as well as insufficient exercise were responsible for these conditions. During the month of July, 1919, the flock was attacked by dogs, and three fine ewes and four lambs were killed. During the winter of 1920 ditierent methods of feeding and exercising were used, as well as providing better shelter. The result during the present spring is highly satisfactory, eighteen lambs of the finest type being dropped by eight ewes. The ram lambs will be sold to settlers in this district during the coming fall months. The settlers have manifested great interest in sheep. Swine. — Xine registered Yorkshire sows and one registered Yorkshire boar com- prise this herd. 142 DEfARTMEST 01' AORIVl LTVKE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Five young sows supplied by the Central Experimental Farm. Ottawa, were bred for the Urst time at this Station, and farrowed in May, 1919. Seventy-one young: swine was the result and of this number fifty-two were successfully raised. Four young sows were kept from the above litter for breeding purposes; these together with the five mature sows are expected to farrow during the coming summer. A ready market is found for all young pigs, the settlers of this district lioing anxious to procure good stock. IMPROVEMENTS Land- Clearing. — One hinidred and four acres were cleared of standing timber during the past winter, from which .")59,374 cords of pulpwood, 12,2t:i'M{T]n:\r or xauicvi/ruitE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 POULTRY The Barred Rock and AMiite Wyandotte breeds are kept. All pullets are trap- nested and some excellent egg records have been made. Breeding is conducted with the object of increasing the utility of the fowl. A house for one hundred hens was built which illustrators the best points of poultry house construction as determined by experimental work in previous years. The first i\[anitoba Egg-laying Contest was started on November X, 1919. Ten colony houses were built to house this contest. Entries were received from Manitoba breeders and the following breeds are represented in the contest: Barred Rock, Part- ridge Rock, White Wyandotte, Silver-laced Wyandotte, Buff Orpington, Rhode Island Red, White Leghorn, Brown Leghorn, Aucona and Campine. FIELD HUSBAXDKY rotatiiins have been ider test at this Farm for Botations. — The followins number of years : — " D," four years' duration (wheat, wheat manured, oats, sommerf allow). This is purely a grain-growing rotation, except that manure is applied every four years. " E," four years' duration (wheat, wheat, oats, summer- fallow) : This is exactly the same as " D," except that no manure is applied, and is a typical grain-growing rotation. " F," five years' duration (wheat, wheat, corn or roots, oats or barley, clover hay) : This is a mixed farming rotation suited to conditions where it is desired to grow both a large amount of wheat and a large amount of fodder for stock. " G," six years' duration (wheat, wheat, oats or barley, clover hay, pasture, corn or roots) : This is also a mixed farming rotation and allows for pasture for stock as well as cropped land. " H," six years' duration (wheat, wheat, summer-fallow, oats, hay, pasture) : This rotation provides both grain crops and hay crops, but omits hoed crop. " I," six years' duration (flax, oats, svmimer-fallow, wheat, hay, pasture) : This rotation is of similar character to " H," but substitutes flax for one of the wheat crops. I " Q," eight years' duration (roots and peas, wheat or oats, hay, hay, pastitre, pasture, pasture, green feed and rape) : The land used in this rotation is light and gravelly and is therefore used as a sheep farm. " W," ten years' duration (wheat, wheat, corn or roots, oats, barley, alfalfa, alfalfa, alfalfa, alfalfa, alfalfa) : This roftation is adapted to a dairy or pure-bred stock farm where the chief object of crop growing is the production of a large quantity of good fodder. The table which follows shows the average cost i>er acre of operating these rota- tions, including rent, use of machinery-, and all the cost of handling the land and producing the crop (but not marketing). It also shows the average return per acre, and the resultant profit. These figures are based on nonnal pre-war prices; if present prices were used, much larger returns and profits would be shown. Rotation Costperacre of operation. Average of 5 years Returns per acre. Average of 5 years Profit per acre. Average of 5 years "D" . $ Ot3. 10 19 8 50 11 93 11 38 S cts. 11 99 10 73 15 98 17 14 i CtB. I 80 "E" 2 23 "F" . . . 4 05 "G" 5 76 "H" .. 8 89 12 22 9 10 13 76 7 17 7 26 10 38 15 85 3 33 "I" , 4 66 "Q" 0 09 "W" 5 47 I EXl'ElililEyTAL FARMS 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Cultural Experiinents. — Deep ploughing is giving rather better results than shallow, though the figures obtained are not as conclusive as -would be expected. One ploughing of summer-fallow is giving equally as good results as two and means less work. The substitution of a pasture crop for bare fallow has reduced the following wheat crop. June ploughing of summer-fallow has proven much better than July. In seeding down grasses, better results have been obtained where seeding has followed corn or summer-fallow, than where grain was the previous crop, and the larger the number of preceding grain crops, the greater the difficulty in getting a good catch. Better catches are obtained without a nurse crop than with one, but not enough better to pay for the loss of the grain crop. In breaking up sod of tame grasses and clovers, be^ results have been obtained by breaking in July immediately after removing the hay crop and working as a summer-fallow during the remainder of the season. In the application of barnyard manure on stubble land for growing wheat, oats or barley, best results have been obtained with all three grain crops by applying in the fall and ploughing in. The same result was also obtained in manuring for corn. The substitution |0f grain crops ploughed in for green manure, instead of bare summer-fallow, resulted in a decrease in yield. Where the green crops were ploughed in early in July the yield was practically the same as on summer-fallow land, but later ploughed green manured land wasted too much moisture. The results of a very extensive system of experiments with soil packers have shown nc advantage from the use of packer on this soil. In the variety tests of wheat. Marquis has again demonstrated its superiority by producing the largest yield of all varieties tested. Ruby was second highest and matured three days earlier than Marquis. In the tests with oats. Victory gave the best results for 1919 and Baiuner- the best for a five-year average. Among varieties of barley the O.A.C. No. 21 variety gave the largest yield for 1919, but Manchurian did the best on the five-year average with O.A.C. Xo. 21 coming second. Tests of varieties of peas, rye and flax were also made. , FORAGE CROPS Alfalfa gives the best results among perennial hay crops and western rye grasa is the most satisfactory of the grasses. Sweet clover gives a heavy yield the first year after sowing but being a biennial dies down after that. Millet gave the largest yield of annual hay crops in 1919 but usually green oat hay gives the best return. Corn was a fairly good crop in regard to yield and unusually good in regard to maturity. A considerable quantity of good seed was secured. Longfellow gave the largest yield but is rather too late for this district in any ordinary season. Xorth- western Dent is about the most satisfactory in the average season, and Minnesota Xo. 1.3 is also recommended. A large number of varieties and strains of mangels and turnips were tested, the results of which are available. The Yellow Intermediate type of mangel gives good results and is easy to handle. HORTICULTUEE A large number of varieties of vegetables have been grown for test and the results are available for the use of correspondents or visitors. Cultural experiments have 156 Ut:i'AI{TME.\r OF AGHICI LjTUKE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 also been conducted, especially with potatoes and tomatoes. Unusual success has been attained in the ripening of tomatoes. A large number of annual and perennial flowers are grown for test and demonstration. The trees and shrubs continue to be a demon- stration of the possibilities of the country. Work with fruit is being continued. A cottage for the gardener was erected. A one-hundred-hen poultry house was built and ten colony houses for the egg-laying contest. EXHIBITIONS, EXCURSIONS^ VISITORS, ETC.. Exhibits were made at the Manitoba Winter Fair and the Provincial Exhibition at Erandon in July. Prizes were won on live stock, including grand champion York- shire boar and grand champion Clydesdale mare. "Farmer's Day" at the Farm, July 8, 1019, was poorly attended on accoimt of bad weather. Many small parties and thousands of individual visitors inspected the Farm during the year. The Superintendent gave an address on "Winter Housing of Swine" at the Annual Convention of the Western Canada Live Stock Union at Victoria, B.C. He also gave one on " The Ventilation of Farm Buildings " at the Annual Meeting of the Live Stock Association of Manitoba in Brandon. Agricultural meetings were addressed at several points in Manitoba and some work done in judging live stock and field crops at agricultural fairs. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, INDIAN HEAD, SASK. REPOET OF THE SUPBBINTENDENPT, N. D. MACI^NZIE, B.S.A. THE SEASON The season of 1919 was abnormal in many respects. Seeding commenced on tlie 19th of April and was general by the 21st. At the end of May the crops were very promising. A period of hot weather, high winds and drought followed which cut down the yield of all crops considerably. The fall was very open until October 1, when a very heavy frost was experienced and winter set in almost immediately without any break in the cold weather. Grains were a fair crop but forage crops of all kinds were very light. The potato crop generally was badly hit by the early freeze-up. Meteorolooical Report, 1919-20 Temperature Rainfall Snowfall Total sunshine Maximum Minimum Mean January February Date 24 10 IS 28 28 27 16 18 12 7 16 19 40 38 40 69 93 96 94 95 89 73 44 40 Date 26 2 23 4 1 26 26 27 25 30 10 -34 -48 -33 17 22 35 40 38 22 -22 -24 -34 14-67 - 1-68 10 09 4013 54 09 65-96 65-84 65 06 53 26-35 11-40 3-48 Day.s Inches Days 5 5 4 1 Inches 12-25 13 10-25 3-50 Hours 53 106-6 129-5 4 5 9 6 5 5 1 0-87 1-39 2-81 2-68 1-89 0-93 0-69 163-8 241-8 293-7 July 311-9 267-7 September October 1 3 4 3 1 7-50 11-25 4 138-6 118-4 66-8 50-5 Total 35 11-26 26 62-75 1,942-3 EXPERIHEyTAL FARUS 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 LHT STOCK Horses. — There are thirty horses ou the Farm and of these sixteen are pure-bred Clydesdales and the remainder are work-horses and grade colts. Three pure-bred foals were raised during the year and two of them are very promising. The cost of feeding a horse which is worked the entire year was found to be $180 at present prices of feed. The cost of feeding a colt from weaning to three years was $159.35. Cattle — SJiorfhorns. — The herd numbers seventj-t\\-o, consisting of three stock bulls, eight bull calves and sixty-one females. Of these, six females and one bvdl were purchased at the Dryden-Miller sale of Imported Shorthorns and by careful selection it should be possible to build up a very high-class herd. Care will be taken, however, to retain the good milking qualities which the herd already possesses. There is a very good market for all our surplus stock at good prices. An experiment was conducted during the winter to determine the feeding value of sunflower silage for milch cows as compared with corn silage. The results obtained show that the palatability and feeding value of the sunflower silage are fully equal to those of corn, the only limiting factor being the very stimulating effect the sunflower silage had on the kidneys. The cost of feeding a cow during the lactation period has been found to vary from $79.93 to $134.74. depending on her milk production. The cost of raising a caH to one year was $70.35; from one to two years the cost was $42.50. Grade Cattle. — Twenty steers were purchased for experimental feeding in the fall of 1919. They were divided into two equal lots and used to compare the feeding value of recleaned screenings (Standard Stock Feed) as compared with barley as the main ration for finishing steers. The barley showed superior gains and a lower cost per I>ound gain. The steers on barley made an average daily gain of 1-68 pounds at a cost of 17-02 cents per pound and the ones fed on screenings made an average daily gain of 1-37 pounds at a cost of 18-79 cents per jwund gain. Sheep. — At present there is a flock of one hundred and eleven sheep, of which number, thirty-nine are pure-bred Shropshires and the remainder grades, with the exception of a pure-bred Oxford ram. The grading up experiment has been continued using Shropshire and Oxford rams on range ewes, and the results have been uniformly good, the second and third cross ewes closely resembling pure-breds in type, and the weight of wool being increased from five and one-half to ten pounds per ewe. The cost of feeding a ewe for one year was found to be $9.93, and of raising a lamb from weaning to two years was $13.92. Swine. — The swine herd is twenty-four in number and consists of one Yorkshire boar and ten sows, one Berkshire boar and two sows and ten feeders. Owing to the peculiarities of the season the pasture experiments with swine were a failure anji no results were obtained. The cost of maintaining a sow for one year was found to be $28.34 and for raising a young sow from weaning to one year was $23.59. Two breeds of jwultry are kept on the Farm, namely. Barred Plymouth Rocks and White Wyandottes. Special attention has been paid to egg production and utility type, all birds being trap-nested. The average egg production of the birds retained in the breeding flock was 172 eggs in one year. The value of these eggs at prevailing prices was $6.04 and the feed cost $2.30, leaving a profit per bird of $3.74. 158 ni:rART.Mt:\r of .\ear to be immediately after ploughing and immediately after sowing. In the manuring experiments ploughing manure under has given superior yields to spreading the manure on the sui'face of the'ploughed land. In the stubble treatment experiments the snow held by ,the stubble during the winter appears to be of more value than is generally realized. Ploughing under, discing or burning stubble in the autumn has resulted in decreasing yields as com- pared with spring ploughing, spring burnirig, etc., particularly has this been noticable during unusually dry years. The seeding down experiments have given some useful data. Using a nurse crop in seeding down to grass has on an average decreased the yield one-half ton per acre. In the second cropping year the hay crop is usually dependent 'on the season's mois- ture and not on the method of seeding down providing a good stand has been secured. The usual variety tests with cereals have again been conducted. For the most part later maturing sorts such as Red Fife wheat. Banner oats and Hannchen barley 166 DEI'.lRTilF.XT OF Aai{lClI.TURF. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 have g'ivon heavier yields than earlier maturing kinds. This is no doubt due to the crops not being so far advanced when the late summer rains came and consequently, being more benefited thereby. Of the newer varieties under test Liberty oats, Hannchen barley. Early White peas and Prolific spring' rye give promise of proving useful. Novelty flax, a variety introduced by the Dominion Cerealist, has outyielded Premost. A field bean known as the Norwegian gave a medium crop of ripe beans. HORTICULTURE One mile of windbreaks was set out during the spring, the object being to deter- mine in later years the influence of windbreaks on the yields of grain crops. Fruit. — In the orchard Native Manitoba plums fruited for the first time. Bush fruits gave about one-half the average crop due to late spring frosts, while the straw- berry crop was rather light owing to the drought. Vegetables. — The season proved much more favourable for the production of vegetables than the preceding year.. Beans and corn in particular yielded heavy crops. Potato yields were excellent but the tubers were unshapely owing to the rains coming iate stimulating growth after the tubers were well advanced toward maturity. FORAGE CROPS The dry weatlier during the early part of the season resulted in the grass crops being light, while alfalfa grown in rows yielded at the rate of two tons of hay per acre. Oats and peas in two cuttings gave 2 tons 200 pounds. Sudan grass and Japanese millet were destroyed by frost on June 2 and were resown on June 3. The former gave less than one ton per acre and the latter one and three-auarter tons. Splendid crops of turnips were harvested, while fair crops of corn and sunflowers were secured. It is interesting to note that sunflowers withstood 12 degrees of frost on June 2 with little injury and 3 degrees on September 2 only damaged some of the leaves on some plants. EXHIBITIONS AND EXCURSIONS An exhibit from the Experimental Station was staged at the siunmer fairs at Saskatoon, Macklin, Luseland, Plenty, Bounty, Alsask, Kindersley and Zealandia. The usual midsummer pic&ics and excursions were held and about 2,900 people visited the Station during the year. The new buildings erected consisted of a one-hundred bird poultry house, a central building for swine, a silo, and cheap shelters for feeder cattle and sheep. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, LETHBRIDGE, ALIA. EEPORT OF THE SUPERIXTEXDENT, W. H. FAIRFIELD, M.S. THE SEASON The crop season of 1919 was the driest ever experienced in the Lethbridge district since meteorological records have been kept or since farming has been attempted. The total precipitation from April 1 to July 3 was 3-84 inches. This would have been sufiicient to produce at least some crop had there been any moisture stored in EXPEKIMEyTAL FARMS 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 the soil and subsoil from the year before, but the season of 1918 was also extremely dry so that every particle of available soil moisture appeared to be exhausted at the end of that growing season. In fact the rainfall during the summer of 1918 was so scanty that extremely little moisture was stored in the soil on well summer-fallowed fields so that even crops seeded on summer-fallowed land in 1919 started out with a serious handicap. The first work on the land was done April 2. The last frost in the spring occurred on the morning of June 1, when the minimum temperature recorded was 31 degrees. The first frost in the fall was on the morning of September 26, when the temperature dropped to 32 degrees, and a killing frost occurred on the 29th. Grain crops were seeded in good season and made a good start but the dry May followed by a warm June and July, when hot,dry winds were prevalent, made satisfactory growth imjxjssible. All crops on dry land were a practical failure, even grain sown on summer-fallowed land in many cases did not develop sufficiently to make harvesting possible. On irrigated land all kinds of crops did well. The yields of alfalfa hay were particularly good not only on the Station but throughout the district. Service rendered by the Irrigation Company was very satisfactory and no serious shortage of water was felt by the farmers due to the company's main canals being silted up r.s was the case in 1918. The precipitation for the last months of 1918, which would affect the amount of soil moisture at the beginning of the winter, was as follows: — 1918— September 1 07 inches 1918— October , 0-24 inches 1918— November 0-43 inches 1918— December 0-46 inches Total 2-20 inches From the above it is quite apparent that the soil was very dry at the beginning of the calendar year of 1919. Meteorological Data for Calendar Year 1919 Month Jvnuary F'bruary... March April May June July August September. , October November. December. . Temperature F. Maximum Minimu 570 600 62-0 780 89-0 95-5 97-5 960 86-0 730 61-0 550 - 50 -2qo -35 0 21-5 18-5 310 36-5 380 26-0 -15-0 -13-5 -380 34-27 14 35 16-40 44-94 52-15 59-48 64-41 64-74 53-35 31-95 21-32 18-23 Total for year Average for 18 years Total for four months of growing season, April 1st to August 1st, 1919 Average for four months of growing season April 1st to August 1st for IS years. Precipita- tion inches 0-06 0-95 0-75 0-47 1-75 0-56 1-06 1-05 2-04 1-78 1-26 0-55 12-28 15-618 3-84 8-026 Sunshine hours 105-1 94-6 150-4 229-8 216-0 325-6 343-4 301-1 228-6 143-7 99-1 96-1 2,333-5 lAYE STOCK Horses. — At the present time there are twenty-two head of horses at the Station, made up of twelve work-horses and drivers and ten young horses, four of which are this year's foals. All the horses were wintered in a corral with an open shelter shed except the drivers and one draught team. Cost data were not kept on the feed 168 DKI'ARTMFyr OF AdUKl I.TIKE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ciinsiinuHl, but tlie horses wintered in the open came throuph in equally as good i-ondition as did the stabled ones, and appeared to have as much heart, if not more, for the springr's work as did the ones that were housed. The saving in labour required in the feeding and care of those kept outside resulted in considerable economv. Cattle. — For the first time for a number of winters no feeding tests with steers were carried on owing to the scarcity and high price of feed. Four milch cows are kept to supply milk to the employees on the Station. Sheep. — A flock of ninety-eight grade Shropshire ewes were kept on the Farm during the summer and 132 lambs were reared. Cost data on the same were obtained. Five pure-bred Lincoln ewes and four pure-bred Rambouillet erwes are being used in cross-breeding experiments. Early in October, 800 head of grade Merino ewes were purchased to carry out an experiment to determine the feasibility of alfalfa growers on irrigated land (tarrying fairly good-sized flocks of sheep on their farms and for summer pasture using the Forest Reserve in the Rocky mountains. Complete data in regard to cost of wintering these were kei>t and the coming summer's expenses will be obtained. The results of experiments with poultry for the past year have been satisfactory. The Barred Plymouth Rock breed is the only one kept. The main object of the work carried on is to develop a better strain of layers and to distribute breeding stock from them amongst the farmers. Tests carried out indicated that April is the best month to hatch Plymouth Rock pullets for winter layers. Trap-nesting of all the pullet stock was continued. Out of one hundred and fifty hens thirty-eight produced over 200 eggs for the year and ninety of them produced over 150. In the spring of l!tl9 there were hatched 91.") chicks. All the better cockerels were disposed of to farmers for breeding purposes and the demand as usual was greater than 'the supplv. During the four winter months of 1919-20 the best pen of 55 pullets averaged over 70 eggs each, and several of them produced over 100 during this period. The cost of production was twenty-five cents per dozen with feed at prevailing prices. A Laying Contest was begun November 1 with eleven x>ens entered. The work carried on with bees during the past year was quite successful. Two colonies were wintered in a "dug-out" cellar and came out in excellent condition. Two 2-pound packages of bees from Alabama were received May 10. One of the wintered colonies and one of the purchased ones were used for division to increase the number of stands. The other two colonies were used for honey production, 407 pounds of extracted honey being obtained from the wintered one and 281 pounds from the colony made up from the 2-pound package of live bees. The two colonies used for division produced five strong colonies before winter set in besides yielding 152 pounds of extracted honey. The season's returns, confirming previous tests, indicate the excellent possibilities of profit in bee-keeping in the alfalfa growing districts in southern Alberta. FIELD HlSBAXnKV As usual most of the field experiments were conducted in duplicate on the irrigated and non-irrigated parts of the Station. The comparative tests with the various rotations continue to furnish valuable information and data on the cost of production of field crops as well as to show the best arrangement of the crops. The following is a list of the rotations under test : — EXPERIMKXTAL FAHMS 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 notations Xon-irrigated land. — Kotatiou "'B." two years' duration, wheat, suunner- fallow. Rotation ''O," three years' duration, summer-fallow, wheat, coarse grain. Eotation " M," six years' duration, summer-fallow, wheat, coarse grain manured in fall, summer-fallow, peas and oats for hay, barley or oats. Ro^tation " S," nine years' duration, summer-fallow, manured for hoed crops, hoed crops, wheat, summer fallow, wlieat, coarse grains, summer-fallow, peas and oats for hay seed to fall rye, rye pasture. Rotation " T," ten years' duration, summer-fallow, wheat, oats or barley, seed to alfalfa, alfalfa hay or seed for two years, summer-fallow, hoed crop, wheat manured in fall. ' Roidl'uiiis on Irriijiiti-d land. — Rotation " U," ten year alfalfa for five years, lioed crop, wheat, oats, barley continuously. The following table shows the average cost, the returns and profit per acre for the past seven years, of the various rotations. These values are all figured on normal pre-war prices so that the years are comparable. If the present return values were used the profit would be much greater notwithstanding the increased cost of labour. uratiou. seeding alfalfa. Rotation " V," alfalfa Rotation Duration Average cost per acre 8 years Average returns per acre 8 years Average profit per acre 8 years Nm-irrigated land — ^ "B" Years 3 6 9 10 10 1 % 7-46 719 9-59 9-42 9-43 17-30 900 S 1114 12-73 13-27 13-14 17-85 63-75 52 06 $ 3-68 "C" ;. 554 "M" 3-68 "S" 3-72 "T" 8-42 Irrigated land — •■U" ..'. "V" 46-45 43-06 All cereals in the variety test plots on the non-irrigated land were a practical failure due to the drought. The straw was so short that they had to be cut with a mower and the yields were insignificant. Good results were obtained from the irrigated plots and compared favourably with past years. The highest yield of wheat was the "Pioneer," 52 bushels 30 jwunds per acre: "Danish Island" oats gave 163 bushels 30 pounds per acre; "Bark's" barley gave 101 bushels 12 pounds per acre; "Golden Vine " peas gave 28 bushels per acre. FOR.\GE CROPS Although all classes of forage crops produced well on the irrigated part of the Station, those grown on tlie dry land made a practical failure in most cases. Indian Corn. — Ten varieties were tested on irrigated land. '"Longfellow" gave the best returns, yielding at the rate of 15J t-ons of green feed per acre. On the dry land the corn did not grow high enough to make it worth while to harvest. Boots. — Of the 22 varieties of turnips tested, the ''Invicta" gave the best yield, which was 18 tons per acre on the irrigated land. All of the turnips suffered mater- ially from attacks of aphides. No turnii>s were produced on the dry land. The best varieties of mangels yielded 30 tons and over per acre on the irrigated land but failed on the dry land. Sugar beets yielded at the rate of 15 tons per acre on irrigated land but failed on the dry land. 170 DEPARTMEyr OF AORWUhTURE 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Alfalfa. — The field lots of alfalfa on the irrigated land gave an average yield of between 4 and 5 tons of hay. On the dry land even the alfalfa grown in rows barely grew high enough to cut. Pasture muclures. — Interesting data are being collected as to the carrying of various mixtures for pasture. A mixture containing alfalfa gives greater returns than any wo have tried without alfalfa. Another interesting point that has been demonstrated is that where there is a good turf of grass at the base, cattle and sheep appear to pasture on the alfalfa with no tendency to bloat. Sunflowers. — Sunflowers made a particularly good showing and demonstrated the possibility of getting a large and satisfactory tonnage from this new forage plant. HORTICULTURE A fair quantity of crabapples was produced from some of Dr. Saunders' cross- bred varieties. A large number of plum trees bore fruit. These were all selected seedlings of the native plums of Manitoba. The vegetable garden on the irrigated land produced well but on the non-irrigated land the results were disappointing. All ornamental trees and shrubs wintered well. Keen interest has been developed in irrigation throughout the southern part of the province due to the three very dry seasons just passed. The Superintendent, in consequence, attended many farmers' gatherings and addressed them on questions connected with irrigation. DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL STATION, LACOMBE, ALTA. REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT TO THE SUPERINTENDENT, B. C. MILNE, B.S.A. THE SEASOX The average total precipitation at this Station for the twelve pas-t years has been 17-575 inches. In 1919 a total precipitation of 16-6S3 inches was recorded, but "the rainfall of 12 -755 inches during the growing months was below the average. The first half of April was cool with light rain and snowfalls and work on the land did not start until the 19th of the month. Seeding operations were again delayed when snow fell May 2, and remained until the 10th. No damaging frosts were experienced during the growing season, but dry weather during the latter half of May, June, and July prevented the usual rank growth of straw. Very good j-ields of grain were obtained, those on the forty-acre fields of the main farm rotation being double what was obtained the previous year. Threshing operations were delayed by several rainfalls and scarcely a furrow was turned in many districts when winter set in October 20, 1919. Unfortunately a large number of bushels of potatoes were frozen in the ground throughout Central Alberta. All fall work at this Station was completed before the freeze-up, with the exception of about twelve acres of ploughing. The winter of 1919-20 will long be remembered for its steady severe temperatures and the scarcity and high prices of feeds. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIilESTAL FARMS Meteorological Records Temperature F. Precipitation Month Mean Highest Lowest Rainfall Total Snowfall Precipi- tation Heaviest in 24 hrs. Total Sunshine 21-5 12-69 28 --7 42-86 48-08 56-43 60-02 58-68 50-4 27-9 14-7 12-92 48-8 46-8 48-8 72-3 88-9 90-5 92-6 91-6 79-1 72-6 54-2 49-8 - 4-6 -40-6 -38-1 21-4 12-4 27-9 30-4 31-9 17-4 -10-6 -34-6 -38-5 Inches • Inches 2-00 8-18 7-70 Inches 0-20 0-818 0-770 2-30 3-14 1-029 2-321 1-635 2-33 0-64 1-18 0-62 Inches " 0-15 0-40 005 1-27 1-2 1-85 0-745 0-40 1-53 0-25 0-8 0-31 Hours 74-2 100-7 156-1 2-30 214 1-029 2-321 1-635 2-33 0-64 205-2 May 1-0 231-0 284-9 July 259-0 245-0 September 188-0 97-7 11-8 6-2 102-1 97-4 ' 12-395 36-88 16-983 17-575 12-755 13-781 2,041-3 Average for 12 yea Total for 6 months ber. 1919 . 2,146-4 growing season, April to Septem- 1,4131 Average for 12 yea rs for six growing months, April 1,452-9 LrvE sTOck Horses. — -The liorses at this Station number 23 head. There are two pure-bred Percheron mares, four pure-bred and eight ^ade Clydesdale mares, and two pure-bred Hackney mares, besides seven {jrade geldings of Clydesdale and Haekney breeding. No foals were raised during the year. Twelve horses were wintered in the shelter of the brush at a cost of 21-5 cents per head per day. Dairy Cattle. — There are now 36 pure-bred Holstein-Friesian cattle in the dairy herd. The young Holstein heifers are a very promising lot, having plenty of size, good constitution and evidence of good feeders and milkers. In the gxading-up test the improvement brought about by the use of a good bull of dairy breeding is very marked. This experiment is being continued as there are still some heifers in the test to freshen. Milk from the dairy herd has been manufactured into Cheddar cheese and sold locally at 30 cents per pound. The average lactation period of all cows which finished during the fiscal year was 328 days, while the average milk record for this year was 8,093-7 pounds. The average profit per cow for the year for her product made into cheese was $98.12. Beef Cattle. — There are now at this Station 47 pure-bred Aberdeen- Angus cattle, among which are a number of exceptionally good individuals. The herd is headed by a young bull. Eliminator of Gwenmawr 3, a strong well-bred animal and, a good breeder. An eighteen months old grade steer won first in his class at the Calgary Winter Fair and was reserve champion of the show. There have been no losses from disease during the year, the entire herd having been vaccinated as a precaution against black-leg. Young bulls from the herd are being disposed of at reasonable prices to breeders as they reach suitable ages. Experiments conducted with beef cattle from which valuable data were collected are as follows: Green feed and hay versus silage and straw for beef cattle wintered outside; gains of young cattle on pasture; cost of raising beef bulls. UKi'AinMEST i>f Miinci I.I I in: 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Sheep. — Four hundred und ciKlit cdiiiiiion grade ewes were mated on Deeeniber IJ, 1918, and the following table gives the lambing results: — Breed of Hum Used Total Number Ewes breeen built and several new measuring boxes installed. A boarding house with sleeping accommodation for about a dozen men, and a foreman's cottage, have been erected. Tbe latter building will be temporarily occupied by the Superintendent. A log building has been built near the flower garden as an accom- modation for \nsitors. This will be fitted up with a kitchen with facilities for boiling water, etc., and will no doubt be greatly appreciated by the many parties who come here for picnics during the summer. A good deal of work has been done on the roads during the past winter, grading, widening and shaling. EXHIBITIONS AND MEETINGS ATTENDED This Station bad an exhibit at the following fairs : Kamloops, Armstrong, Kelowna, Peachland, Pentictooi, Naramata, Summerland, the New Westminster Provincial Fair, where we had a good display of home-grown seed, and at the Provin- cial Seed Fair held in Kamloops in January. The Superintendent attended the Irri- gation Convention at Medicine Hat. several meetings connected with the seed growers of the province, and Farmers' Institute meetings at many of the towns in the district. Each year shows a marked increase in the number of visitors to this Station. On May 24 we had a " get together " day and we had visitors from all the towns in the South Okanagan ; it was estimated that 1,500 people visited the Station on that day. Members of neighbouring Farmers' Institutes have spent days on the Station and numerous parties have been shown over the Station. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, INVERMERE, B.C. REPORT OF THE ACTING SUPERINTENDENT, R. G. NEWTON, B.S.A. THE SEASON The weather was extremely fine during April, and the soil was in fair condition so that spring seeding was practically finished by the 1st of May. During the latter part of May and early June the weather was quite cool and several frosts were recorded the hardest being on the 1st of June, when the thermometer registered five degrees. Toward the end of June and during July some very warm weather was experienced and it was necessary to irrigate the crops continually. Early in August the only heavy rain of the year occurred which brightened things considerably and brought the crops along to harvest. EXPERIilESTAL FARMS 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Harvesting vras completed under favourable weather conditions, and we were particularly fortunate in having the potatoes up when the heavy frost came the end of September. Practically all fall ploughing was completed before the freeze-up, early in November. Extremely cold weather was experienced during the first two weeks of December, the thermometer registering around thirty below zero Biost of the time. The snowfall this winter has been the heaviest since records were commenced in 1914. On the whole the various months of the past year have been characterized by extremes in one way or the other, as is readily noted in the following tables. Meteorological Records Month Temperatures Rain Snow Sunshine Maximum Minimum Mean 1919 .A.pril 74 83 92 94 89 78 70 53 45 42 41 53 22 25 30 36 35 18 6 -10 -34 -25 - 9 -10 42-9 49-3 56-26 60-58 60-55 50-68 35-24 22-3 12-85 12-75 19-24 27-55 Inches 0-25 0-84 0-60 0-33 2-42 0-69 0-48 0-20 0-11 0-18 0-07 0-06 Inches Hours 199-0 May 0-12 209-7 316-8 July 312-2 269-5 203-6 2-25 4-37 9-12 20-25 30 6-12 121-3 53-2 71-3 1920 Januarj' 54-2 153-7 March 157-3 Totals 37-52 6-23 45-23 2,121-8 PRECiprrATioN, 1914-1919 April May June July August September. October November. December. . Januarj'... February. March Inches 1-25 1-46 1-59 1-57 0-75 2-16 0-77 6-79 0-42 1915 0-51 0-30 0-03 11-60 Inches 1-14 1-01 3-92 3-79 0-67 0-72 0-90 0-90 0-58 1916 0-44 1-22 0-45 15-74 Inches 0-62 2-89 201 2-32 2-01 1-15 0-54 0-33 0-30 1917 0-15 0-36 0-18 Inches 0-23 2-85 1-96 0-29 1-20 0-75 0-41 0-38 2-59 1918 1-96 1-22 0-35 12-86 Average for six growing months, April-September Average for six years Average for six years for six growing months — April-September. Inches 0-39 0-93 0-36 1-32 3-23 0-S5 1-12 0-53 1-53 1919 0-98 0-83 0-65 12- Inches 0-25 0-85 0-60 0-33 2-42 0-69 0-70 0-64 1-02 1920 2-20 0-37 0-67 10-74 5-14 12-97 10-64 180 i)i:i'\i{T\/i:\T t c = cfl *J c5 Jr e8 O ca ■ i:' P S ''^ ■§ * KXPERIMEXTAL FARMS 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Alfalfa. — Alfalfa as a permanent crop is steadily increasing in favonr in this district. It is not so liable to winter-kill as clover and produces two fine cuttings, running from three to four tons per acre. This season six acres of new land was seeded to alfalfa late in July and by fall there was a fine stand. This appears to have come through the winter without injury. Soiling Ctvps. — Experiments were continued with rape, Thousand Headed kale, and Swiss chard. These yielded in the order named, hut the results were not quite pQ good as in previous years. Roots. — This past season the ordinary variety tests were enlarged, embracing 37 varieties of mangels, and 29 varieties of carrots. This was done in order to ascertain the purity of the various strains, from difierent seed houses. Seed grown on the Experimental Farms System proved to be more true to type and gave higher yields than seed obtained from tiie seed houses. Giant Yellow Intermediate (Ottawa) was the best yielding mangel, and the White Intermediate carrot (Summerland) proved tlie best carrot. Sugar Beets. — Tests were continued with the following sugar beets : Wohanka, Chatham, B. C Grown, and Waterloo. The yields were in the order named. Corn. — Eight varieties of corn were seeded this season on June 2S, and harvested on September 1. The yields varied from 14 to-j.s 200 pounds to 19 tons 1,200 pounds per acre. Wisconsin No. 7 gave the highest yield, with Canada Yellow following. Most of the corn when cut was in the late milk or dough stage, and a few cobs were found on each variety. CEREALS With the cereals a five-year rotation is followed, viz., peas ploughed under, cereals seeded to clover, clover, second crop ploughed under, peas (seed), cereals. The following is a summary of the various grains gi'own this past year: — Wheat. — Four varieties were under test, Huron, Marquis, Kubanka and Ruby, and the yield was in the order named. Oats. — Banner, Daubeuay and Liberty were tried out this past season. Banner yielded at the rate of 101 bushels to the acre. Liberty was very poor, considerable smut being present. Barley. — Four varieties were tested which yielded in the following order: Gold. Guymalaye, Manehurian and Success. An interesting side experiment was conducted with Success barlej-. One plot was cut for green feed on June 28, irrigated and forced into second growth and left to mature, with the following results : — Plot 1 yielded 2,200 pounds of grain per acre. . Plot 2 yielded 2-6 tons of green feed and 1,280 pounds of grain. Thi^ experiment will be continued and the green feed analysed to ascertain its feed value. Peas. — Remarkable yields were obtained with peas this past season. As yet no .sign of mildew, weevil or aphis has been noticed. More attention should be given this crop as it is easy to harvest and a money-maker. The following list gives the varieties and their corresponding yields: — Bush. Lb. Prussian Blue S9 20 Solo 7'0 Arthur Select 67 30 Chancellor 67 20 Golden Vin« 6K) Average for all varieties 70 4-8 186 DEr.inTMKXT OF AORICVLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 HORTICULTURE The season was on the whole unfavourable. The spring was cold and frosts were experienced up to June 7. On the 1st of June a frost of 5 degrees killed most of the tender vegetables and the hardier varieties had a decided setback. Cold drying winds prevailed until July and vegetation made but very little growth. Potatoes. — Although the season was bad, potatoes did very well and the variety tests showed some verj- satisfactory yields. Yield per acre Tons lb. Wee McGregor 25 1,4'S'O .\shcroft 25 160 Eureka Extra Early 23 1.8*6 Cambridge Russett 23 992 Snow 22 1.9'3i6 Delaware 21 1.560 Early Nortfiern, 21 1,296 Suttons Abundance 2* 1.976 Carman No. 1 20 1,184 These varieties of potatoes were planted May 17 and harvested September 29. They were quite free from disease with the exception of a little scab. Water was applied three times during the season. Beans. — .Beans were a fair crop, but the first seeding was destroyed by the severe frost the first of June, with the exception of Plentiful French, which survived and yielded a medium crop. The second seeding on June 1 was attacked by red spider, which seriously affected the crop. Beets. — ^Beets sown April 28 gave heavy yields, , but this date is too early to produce beets for winter storing. A later seeding on July 22 yielded roots up to 3 inches in diameter by September 20. Cahhages. — It was a very trying season for the cabbages. The cold of May and June crippled the seedling plants and during the remainder of the growing season they were attacked by cutworms, larva; of the moth and butterfly, and aphis. Best results were obtained from Early Jersey Wakefield, Copenhagen Market and Improved Brunswick. The Chinese cabbage proved very useful as an early vegetable. Cauliflowers. — Only fair results were obtained with cauliflowers this past season. Carrots. — Carrots sxiffered badly from the cold spring, which affected the germina- tion and resulted in a poor stand. Cucumhers, Melons and Citrons. — It has now been pretty well demonstrated that these plants are too tender for climatic conditions in this valley. Corn. — Good yields of corn were procured from some of the earlier varieties such as Early Malakoff, White Alberta, Nordheim Extra Early, and Early Malcolm. Lettuce. — Lettuce was a good crop especially Hanson, Giant Crystal Head, Trianon Cos, and Grand Eapids. Onio-ns. — Onions were a poor crop being badly infested with maggots. Parsley and Parsnips. — These did very well, especially Improved Hollow Crown C.E.F. parsnips. Peas. — ^Peas do remarkably well in this district. The early sown seed suffered from the frost and germinated poorly. Thos. Laxton was the earliest, being six days ahead of Gregory's Surprise. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Tomatoes. — The tomato plants were very late this j'ear and for this reason were grown on single stem and stopped at second truss. Alacrity, Langdons Earliana, and Bonny Best proved the best. Small Fruits.^ — ^Gooseberries -were the best of the small fruits this season, OregoTi Champion averaging 20 pounds to the bush. With the red currants, Fays Prolific produced 20 pounds per bush and Perfection 11 pounds. Black currants were not so good this year having been too heavily pruned the preceding year. Tree Fruits. — lA few of the apple trees came into bearing this year, and the following varieties promise well for this district: Wealthy, Tellow Transparent, Rupert, Dudley, Okabena, and Pinto. Hyslop and Transcendent crabs gave a large yield. The fruit was very clean with no trace of scab or fungous diseases. Flowers. — ^A limited display of annuals was made this year. Antirhinums, asters, stocks, and various hardy annuals were chiefly used, and they made a bright showing. Hedges. — ^Various hedlge plants are being tested out and on the whole those indigenous to the locality prove best, Douglas fir, spruce and juniper excelling. Intro- ductions from outside are the Lance-leaved willow, and the 'Caragana. EXHIBITIOXS .\XD MEETINGS ATTENDED The Station exhibit was shown at the following fall fairs : Kaslo, Nakusp, Trail, Nelson, Creston, Cranbrook, and an exhibit of Farm produce was shown at Athalmer. The exhibit aroused a great deal of interest, and that it was appreciated was shown by the large number of inquiries made, and circulars distributed. The Superintendent attended Creston, Athalmer and Cranbrook fairs, and at the latter judged live stock, poultry and dairy products. During the year the following meetings or conventions were attended: Western Canada Irrigation Convention, Medicine Hat; District Farmers' Institute meeting at Cranbrook, and most of the local meetings in connection with the Agricultural Association, Stock Breeders' Association, and Board of Trade. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, AGA&SIZ, B.C. REPORT OF THE OFFICER-IN-CHARGE, W. H. HICKS, B.S.A. THE SEASON The total precipitation of 76-16 inches for the year 1919-20 was larger than average but was 2-44 inches less than that of the preceding year. The months of April and May were cool, damp and cloudy, resulting in a late spring. Very little work was accomplished on the land in April and when the seed was finally sown, ,the cool temperature retarded growth. Up to the end of June hay and pasture crops did remarkably well under these conditions, but cereal, corn, root and potato crops were late. July and August were very dry and, although the first crop of hay yielded excep- tionally well and was saved in good condition, the second crop of hay and late summer pastures were poor. The cereal crops ripened too rapidly for heavy yields. September was very dry with the exception of two rains which occurred about the 12th and 28th. These rains helped the pastures and gave the root crops a new start but were too late 188 , ni:i'M{rME\r of agrwvi/iurk 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 to be of much benofit. October goes on record as being the coldest October known here. A hirge percentage of corn in the Fraser valley was frozen during the first week. The middle of the month was damp, cool and cloudy. On the 23rd another sudden change took place. Very strong winds blew from the north and frosts occurred during the nights. The climax was reachi^d on the 26th when the wind calmed down and twelve degrees of frost were recorded. November was the wettest for ten years. December and January were about normal, while February- was exceptionally mild, dry and bright. Some ploughing was done in February and March. The latter month had average weather conditions. Meteorological Records Month Max Temperature Precipitation Sunshine hours Date Degrees Date Degrees Mean Rain Snow Total 1919 \pril .. 30 22 18 14 10 14 6 20 28 14 29 22 71 78 86 92 86 86 68 53 54 52 56 61 8 3 7 18 23 28 27 26 13 21 14 1 .•50 32 35 44 46 32 20 "s 18 26 26 49-49 52 06 57-73 64-49 63-85 60-98 4611 41-09 34-65 36-21 40-20 43-06 Inches 6-26 4-71 2-68 0-66 0-45 6-7 5-9 15-31 8-93 13-98 2-04 6-44 Inches 3" 7 11 Inches 6-26 4-71 2-68 0-66 0-45 6-7 5-9 15-61 9-63 15-08 2-04 6-44 120 0 May 156-6 152-8 July.. 253-3 191-5 148-2 116.5 28-2 Eec3raber 1920 75-4 53-8 143-6 88-2 74-06 21 76-16 1.528-1 LIVE STOCK Horses. — A very nice group of Cl.ydesdale females is being collected on the Agassiz Farm. This group consists of four mature mares, three yearling filliee and one filly foal. The young animals in particular are nice individuals. Ten grade horses and a driver are also kept. No experimental work of any kind was attempted with the horses, but figures are being compiled on the cost of raising and maintaining horses. Cattle.- — The size of the dairy^cattle herd has been slightly reduced during the year. The policy has been to dispose of the grade cows not required in the grading e.xperiment, as the pure-bred herd is now sufficiently large to allow us to dispose of all the grades. At the close of the year the herd numbers seventy-two head; forty-nine of these are pure-bred and twenty-three grade Holsteins. A young bull sired by Freind Hengerveld DeKol Butter Boy from a daughter of Pontiac Aaggie Komdyke was selected for a herd sire. He is developing into a good bull. Further tests for tuber- culosis failed to locate the disease in the herd, which has now been clean for seven years. Of the twent.y-seven cows which finished a lactation period during the year fifty per cent gave heifer calves. The average milk production for these twenty-seven cows is 10,19S-9 pounds for an average lactation period of 342 days. This is an average increase per cow of over one thousand pounds of milk more than any previous year. This is a good average considering that eight of the records were made by two- year-old heifers. The best record was made by Agassiz Segis May Echo as a junior two-year-old. She produced in the year 19,302 pounds of milk and 842-5 pounds of butter. The two-year-old cow, Agassiz Pietje Priscilla Komdyke, produced 13,966 EXPERIilEXTAL FARMS 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 pounds of milk and 570 pounds of butter, while her full sister, Agassiz Priseilla Komdyke, as a three-year-old gave 18,731 pounds of milk and 822-5 pounds of butter. By making this record Agassiz Priseilla Korudyke won first prize in the three-year class of the Holstein Record of Performance. Her sister, Agassiz Pietje Komdyke won first in the four-year-old class and Aurora Mechthilde won seventh in the mature class with their records as shown in our last report. With these records the herd won more Record of Performance prize money than any other herd in Canada. IVot only was the production of the herd of a high standard but laurels were won at Vancouver and Westminster Exhibitions in comj>etition with the best herds in the province. At Vancouver the most important winnings were: Tor bulls, two years, second; junior yearling, first; junior calf, first; and for females: mature cows, second ; cow with record, second : cow, three .vears with record, first ; aged herd, second ; two animals produce, of cow with a yearly record, first and third ; three animals get of sire, second ; the latter in a very strong class of twenty-seven animals. At Xew West- minster Exhibition the placings secured were, bull, junior yearling, first and second; cows two years, second; senior yearling, second; senior calf, .second; aged herd, second. Agassiz Pietje Komdyke won first in the mature cow class and also grand champion- ship. She also won the milk and butter tests at both Vancouver and Westminster Exhibitions. In experimental feeding work turnips produced more milk and butter than mangels, when pulped and mixed with silage and straw. In comparing crushed barley with crushed screenings the former produced more milk and butter, but figuring barley at $72 per ton and screenings at -^5 per ton, actual cost, the latter gave the cheaper product. By adding skim-milk to a small quantity of whole milk and feeding more grain, greater and cheaper gains were made with growing calves than feeding smaller quantities of whole milk. Dairy. — A considerable portion of last year's dairy work consisted in giving instruction in elementary dairying to returned soldiers. Each group of men spent three days in the dairy and were given brief, practical and theoretical instruction in the care of milk, butter, cream cheesemaking and milk testing. The regular shipment of cream cheese to Vancouver was maintained, the total for the year being 4,403 pounds. During the months of March to July, inclusive, Stilton cheese was made weekly and this was all marketed at 40 cents per pound. The manu- facture was recommenced at the beginning of February, 1920. The year's milk testing comprised seven-day records for nine cows and one thirty-day record as well as the usual weekl.v test for the herd. Samples were also tested for farmers in the province who cared to avail themselves of the opportunity. Sheep. — The flock has passed another successful year with very little trouble or sickness recorded. It consists of two rams and fifty ewes of the Dorset breed, one Oxford Down ram, twenty-eight grade ewes and eighty-seven spring lambs. The fifty-six ewes forming the breeding flock gave birth to ninety-four lambs and raised eighty-seven of them, or 155-3 per cent. The 1919 wool clip from eighty-one sheep totalled 648 pounds or an average of ' eight pounds per fleece. The wool was sold through the Vancouver Island Flock- masters' Association for fifty-three cents per pound. The sheep grading experiment was continued as formerly with gratifying results. The grade Dorsets are showing more Dorset type as each cross is made, a number of them being indistinguishable from the pure-breds. The Oxford type is also show- ing up well in the Oxford crosses, but a large percentage of these lambs have been males so that results in this experiment are somewhat delayed. Xo fall lambs were raised this year. Good prices were obtained for ten spring lambs sold at Easter. These lambs averaged fifty-seven days of age and sold for $17.60 each. This promises to be a profitable branch of the sheep business and with 190 DEPARTMEXT OF XGIUCVLTURE 11 GEORGE V, A. !921 remuneration such ns this should not be neglected. If the ewes are bred to drop lambs early in January and the buck lambs sold at Easter, the ewe lambs get an excellent opportunity to develop rapidly. An exhibit of sheep was shown at Vancouver and Westminster Exhibitions. All the important prizes were won by the flock in the Dorset classes at both exhibitions including champion ram, champion ewe, first for pens and first for fat lambs any breed. Swine— Kt the end of the year there were on hand two boars, nine sows, fifty- six sucking pigs, all pure-bred Yorkshires. Ten sows owned during the year farrowed eighteen litters with a total of ISO pigs of which 1G4 were raised, or 86-7 per cent. This makes a total of about nine pigs per litter raised. There was a good demand for breeding stock during the year, 24 young sows and 11 boars being sold for that purpose. The remainder of the young pigs were retained for experimental feeding purposes. The experimental work in swine feeding consisted of comparing the self-feeder with trough-feeding and a comparison of feeding varying quantities of skim-milk vdih no milk and milk substitutes. In the production of 100 pounds of pork the trough-feeding method cost slightly more than that of self-feeding. Taking labour into consideration the advantage of the self-feeder can be still further emphasized. In the feeding of skim-milk an effort was made to find the most economical amoimt to feed young pigs. Eight lots, with six pigs in each lot, were used in this experiment. They were all fed the same meal mixture and given all they would consume. Lots 1 and 5 received neither skim-milk nor substitute in addition to the grain ration while lots 2, 3 and 4 received 4, C and 8 pounds of skim-milk per pig per day respectively in addition. Lot 6 received as an addition to the meal mixture 10 per cent linseed meal, while lot 7 received an addition of 10 per cent tankage. Lot 8 received an addition of 10 per cent tankage, increased after four weeks to 20 per cent tankage. The most profitable returns were obtained from the pigs fed 8 pounds of skim-milk per pig per day while those fed G pounds per pig per day came second. Tankage fed at the rate of 10 per cent was found to be a valuable substitute for skim-milk but not if fed at as high a rate as 20 per cent. Ten per cent linseed meal gave satisfaction in the early stages of feeding but not towards the end of the experiment. The suggestion in that case possibly is that a higher percentage would have given better results. Feeding the above meal mixture without adding skim-milk or substitute gave unsatisfactory results. Weather conditions during the winter were favourable for egg production but hatching in the spring was poor, possibly on account of the heavy egg production in the winter months, which lowered to some extent the vitality of the breeding stock. The birds wintered were: Barred Kock hens, 100, pullets, 125; White Wyandotte bens, 3, pullets, 34; White Leghorn hens, 60, pullets, 95. The feed used consisted of wheat, germinated oats, dry mash, mangels and skim- railk. Experiments being carried ou* are: confinement versus fenced runs, self- feeding in hoppers versus hand feeding in litter, and sand on the floor versus straw for litter. All birds are trapnested and records of their performance kept. Records are also kept of the cost of production, fertility, hatchability and livability of thci various matings. Only birds with an egg production of over 150 eggs are used fon breeding purposes. A large number of eggs were sold for hatching. The birds have shown very good returns over cost of production in spite of the high cost of feed' which was purchased at market price. EXPEIilMESTAL FARilS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The season opened witli three colonies of rather vicious hybrids, one of which swarmed rather early. Two colonies weakened towards the end of the summer and were united, leaving only three to winter. These colonies should have been requeened with pure Italians but just at that time queens were not procurable. One hive was placed on scales and records kept of the daily production. The total honey crop extracted was ninety-four pounds, an average of thirty-one pounds per hive. FIELD HUSBANDRY Rotations. — Xo changes have been made in crop rotation work. In the four- year rotation the following crops are grown: First year, hoed crop, corn and roots; second year, grain seeded down; third year, hay; fourth year, pasture. Fifty acres of land were rented upon which grain was grown for feeding purposes. On thirty acres of the rented land accurate figures were kept on the cost of growing oats. The results were very satisfactory as the grain was grown for $30 per ton. Crop Yields. — The following table shows the amount of each crop grown on the farm as well as the rented area in 1919 : — Yield Crop Tons lb. Corn silag^e ; 359 l.Ll* Clover silage 303 l,*"* V Clover May 162 90 Mangels 81 — Carrots ^ 7 — Sugar beets 2 — Potatoes 4 900 Mixed grain 34 l.fto'O Oats 32 400 Peas 1 200 Barley ' 1.2i60 Cultural Experiments.- — The cultural experimental work was continued as previously. The crop yields were poor on all plots, especially in the hoed crop section on the plots where no fertilizer was applied. FERTILIZER EXPERIMEXTS The fertilizer experiment "E 7" as commenced in 1918 was continued. The crop grown was oats. In the spring twelve plots in the group were divided and an additional quantity of fertilizer added to one-half of each plot. In almost every instance the extra fertilizer more than doubled the crop yield. The usual variety tests of cereal crops were conducted on uniform plots. The seed was sown April 15. Ten varieties of oats were tested. Owing to a poor stand the old favourite. Banner, gave the poorest possible yield, Irish Victor and O.A.C. No. 72 doing best. Daubeney and Liberty, the earliest varieties, matured in 107 days. The six-row varieties of barley compared favourably with the two-row sorts. Danish Chevalier yielded the most with the six-row varieties Oderbruck and Odessa coming second and third respectively. Only six varieties of peas were tested. Solo was again the heaviest yielder. A mixture of Arthur peas and Banner oats gave a better grain yield than Solo peas and Banner oats. Norwegian beans sown in drills thirty inches apart yielded at the rate of 1,700 pounds per acre. A plot of Marquis whsat yielded at the rate of eighteen bushels per acre. 192 i)Ei'ARr.]n:\T of Adiaci i.tirk 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 FORAGE CROPS Corn.- — Twelve varieties of corn were tested. Tliey were sown June 4 and harvested September 24. The late, large growing varieties such as Learning, White Cap Yellow Dent, and Bailey, gave the heaviest yields while Longfellow and North- western Dent gave corn of better quality for ensilage purpo.ses. Roots. — Thirty-seven plots of mangels of 1-lOOth acre size were grown from seed of different varieties and from different sources. The results obtained are very interesting. The late, cool spring and the dry, hot summer curtailed the yields or possibly the results obtained would have been different. McKenzies Peerless gave the greatest yield. The largest crop of carrots grown on twenty-four plots was White Intermediate grown from Summerland seed. Chatham grown sugar beet seed produced a heavier crop of sugar beets than B.C. grown seed or the Wohanka and Waterloo varieties. Grasses and Clovers. — The trees in the orchard where the grass and clover plots are situated have grown so large that they shade the plots, with the result that the yields obtained are not representative. Root Seed. — On account of late planting, which was done between May 9 and 19, the cool, wet spring, followed by the dry, hot summer, and a light attack of aphis just before maturing, the root seed was almost a failure. Only 1,500 pounds of number one seed were produced on seven acres. The variety was Yellow Leviathan. HOUTICULTUKE Following the mild winter of 1918-19 the spring was cold and wet and unusually late; as a consequence most garden produce was late in maturing. The ornamental shrubs and trees blossomed vrell though rather later than usual. Fruits. — Small fruits did well, currants, raspberries and blackberries exceptionally so, though strawberries and gooseberries were a failure owing to the ravages of strawberry weevil and mildew. Prunes and cherries bore heavily and were free of disease. Apples and pears yielded only small crops and these were of an indifferent quality. Vegetables. — The usual tests in potato culture were carried on with satisfactory results. The rest of the horticultural work consisted of a continuation of the seed growing commenced last year, the roots saved from last year's growing being replanted and in all cases a quantity of seed was grown which was all of good quality and well ripened. Flowers. — The roses did very well, bearing a lot of bloom of good quality. We have renewed many of the dead bushes and have planted several new varieties as well. Perennials and annuals were good. Annual seed from many of the other Experimental Farms was tested with commercial seed and made a most favourable showing. Summer- land seed again was exceptionally good. A quantity of seed was saved and will be sown here during the coming season. F.\RM IMPROVEMENTS Buildings. — A new horse barn, suflSciently large to accommodate eighteen horses, was erected on a site east of the main barn. The implement shed was moved from its old position to one more suitable. A new office was built in a convenient location and is serving the purpose well for which it was intended. Numerous small repairs and improvements were made to the buildings and fences on the Farm, but no new fences were built, except those of a temporary nature. IIM'EKIMEMAL l\Ulivi-i. M..r(ll... liiiliiuoml. Montmoivnc.v, Nenvall.* Royalle, Bing, Lambert. Plums reconunended : Washinjitoii, Bradshaw, Peach, English Damson, Italian prune, Greengage. Peaches recommended: Alexander, Triumph, Elberta, Crawford Early, Yellow St. John. Nectarines recommended: Lord Napier. Quinces recommended: Pineapple, Dn Portugal, Bourgeault. Grapes recommended: Lindley. Vegetable seed production was one of the main features of the horticultural Work for the year. Good results were obtained in the various classes. A total of 2,500 pounds of seed was produced, all of excellent quality and from high-class etock. The development of the foreign economic plants, tea, eleagnus and persimmons was very satisfactory. The holly orchard was moved to a new and more suitable location. The cascara trees continued to do veil under cultivation. The filbert orchard has developed well and has been extended by additional plantings of Station seecilings. The two filbert varieties, Fertile de Coutard and N^ottingham, continue to head the list for productiveness. Walnuts, almonds and chestnuts made fair growth. The dry conditions existing during the period of growth of the nut tree varieties is much against the siiecess of commercial nut culture. Trees planted on deep sandy soils are doing well. Grape varieties did not ripen satisfactorily, the Lindley being the only variety so far tested that is suitable for vineyard planting. Strawberry variety test work received considerable attention during the year. Many varieties new to the district have been secured and planted. The Magoon variety continues to be the best variety for commercial planting. The borders and shrubberies planted in the landscape area made good growth during the year. The varieties and types are extensive, and are of great interest to visitors. The nursery for horticultural and forest plants has been maintained. Consider- able material was removed for planting during the winter and spring periods. The flowering bulb experiments continued to attract much attention. Results in bulb growing have been satisfactory. Bloom production has been excellent. The arboretum received due attention. Trees suited to local conditione grew well, while such species as are unable to withstand long summer drought have perished. The southeast end of the arboretum area was planted with seedling nut trees of filbert, chestnut and walnut varieties. A residence for the use of Superintendent was built. An extension was built on the dairy barn. Two laying houses and four colony houses were added to the poultry plant. A small pumi>-house was erected on the horticultural grounds. General repairs and painting were carried out on the existing structures. SOIL IMPROVEMEXT Many tons of rocks, stones and roots were teamed from the fields. Some tile draining was done. ROAD l.MPROVEMEiNT Road grading and gravelling were prartJsed on portiocis of the farm roadfi. 198 UEPiRlUESr OF AliKUVLlVRE 11 GEORGE V. A, 1921 EXHIBITIONS Au exhibit with an official iu attciidauce was supplied to the Vaucouver aud New Westminster Fairs in September and October. A seed exhibit with an official in charge was supplied the Provincial Seed Fair, Karaloops, in January. An exhibit without an official was sent to the Cowichan Agricultural Society Fair at Duncan. JIEETINGS ATTENDED The Superintendent attended and acted as judge at the following fairs and exhi- bitions: The Provincial Exhibition at Xew Westminster, the Seed Fair at Kamloops, the Flower Show at South Saanich, meetings of Farm Institutes, Woman's Infititutes, Seed Growers, Dairymen and Greater Production Organizations were aIethod employed; Daily capacity; Average quantity of water treated daily; Average cost per day. Table IV. — Fire and Police Department: — ■ Fire Department 16-22 Employees; Halls or Stations; Hydrants; Horses; Pumping Engines; Chemical Engines; Hose Wagons; Aerial Ladders; Other Ladder Trucks and Ladders; Fire Boats; Hose Sleighs; Chemical Tanks; Water Towers; .\utomobiles and Other Conveyances; Hose, length of; Alarm Boxes; Estimated value of Equipment; Calls during the Year; Casualties: Causes of Fires; Methods of Extinguishing Fires; Loss on Property; Insur- ance on Property. Police Department ' 23-2! Constables on beat or mounted; Detectives. Sergeants and Total Stafif; Horses, Bicycles and Motor cj'cles; Patrols, Ambulances and Automobiles. Table V.— Receipts 24-35 Compulsorj- 1 axation ''lassified; Licenses, Business. Dogand Other; Fees and Highway Privi- leges, including Building Permits, Electric Railway Companies, Electric Light and Power Companies, Telegraph and Telephone Companies and Gas Companies; Fines, Forfeits and Escheats; Sales, Rentals and Leases of Buildings and Lands: Municipally owned Public Ser\'ices, incluiing Street Railways. Waterworks system. Electric Light and Power. Gas System, Markets and \\'eigh Scales and Docks and Wharves; Education, including Grants and Subventions. Pupils' fees and School Taxes or -Assessments: Pensions or .Superannuation -Assessments; Donations or Gifts for Benefit Funds; Libraries, Museums and .Art Galleries; Sanitation and Promotion of Cleanliness; Fees from Hospitals and Institutions: Sinking Funds; Refunds; Interest; Miscellaneous and Other Receipts: Total Ordinary Receipts; Extraordinar>- Receipts, inclu ing General Debentures or Bonds, Special Debentures or Bonds, Interest and Total Extraordinarj' Receipts; Grand Total all Receipts. Table AT.— Expenditure 36-14 General Government, inclu ling Mayor and Council, -All Other Civic Officials, Construction and Maintenance of Buildings. Elections and Other Expenditure; Education, including Public, Separate, Collegiate and Technical Schools, Libraries, .Museums and -Art Galleries; Health and Sanitation; Charities and Corrections; Fire and Police Departments; Municipally owned Public Services, including Waterworks, Gas, Electric Light and Power, Markets, Weigh Scales, Street Railways, Exhibitions and Other Ser\'ices; .Streets; Sidewalks; Parks, Playgrounds. Celebrations and Receptions; Sinking Funds: Interest; Refunds; Judgments and Litigation; Total Ordinary Expenditure; Extraordinary Expenditure, in- clu lin» General Debentures or Bonds, Special Debentures or Bonds, Overdrafts, Other Extraordinarj' anl Total Estraorliniry Expenditure; Grand Total all Expenditures. T.able VII. — -Assets (available) '. 45 Cash on Hand at end of Year; Sinking Funds; Taxes in -A.rrears; Saleable Lands and BuUdings; Other Debts Due; Total available -Assets. Table ATII.— Liabilities .' 46 Bonded Debt; Floating Debt; -All Other Liabilities; Total Liabilities. 7610— IJ 2 STATISTICS OF CITIES, 1919. PREFACE. For some time past there has been a growing demand from officials, financial corporations, economists and others interested in taxation and similar problems, for comparative statistics of the more important municipalities throughout Canada, more particularly statistics of municipal finance. Jurisdiction with regard to municipalities is vested in the Provincial Governments, and the first essential for comparative statistics is the adoption of a uniform system of muni- cipal accounting and reporting. A memorandum outlining a sj^stem, and looking to co-operative action between the Dominion Bureau of Statistics and the Provincial Departments, was drawn up in the Bureau in 1918 and submitted to the Provinces. It was recognized, however, that the matter was complex and . far reaching in scope, and that definite action would not be feasible without careful discussion of details, such as might take place at a conference of Dominion and Provincial officials. Pending such discussion it was thought that a useful purpose might be served if a limited survey was undertaken by the Bureau on the lines suggested. A schedule was accordingly sent to urban centres having a population of 10,000 and over, and the present report is based on the replies received. The Bureau tenders its grateful thanks to the municipal officers, who, sometimes at considerable difficulty, in view of the diversified methods of accounting which prevail,, filled in the schedules with the data asked for. Without such co- operation a statement, even of the present limited scope, M'ould have been impossible, the usual annual statements not being available for co-ordinated results in view of the different significance attached to items in various localities. Altogether, returns were received from fiftj'-three municipalities having a population of 10,000 and over. In a few cases, notably Guelph, ]\Ioncton and St. Catharines, the reports sent in were not sufficiently detailed to permit of co-ordination with others, whilst no returns were received from Chatham, Ontario, Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia. The matter covered in the report is grouped in a series of eight tables, the scheme of which will be noted in the analytical table of contents. As above stated, the present report is regarded as tentative. The inquirj', however, is thought to have demonstrated the feasibility of procuring municipal statistics in general on a comparative scale when more definite plans have bee'n matured. The experience already gained will permit additions to the schedules, particularly in reference to the classification of financial items. It is the inten- tion of the Bureau to repeat the incjuiry if its usefulness is demonstrated, and to embrace an increasing list of municipalities. The report was prepared by Lt. Col. J. R. Munro as in charge of the Finance Division of the Bureau. R. H. COATS, Dominion Statistician. MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 1.— Historical. Statistics of Cities and Towns of 10,000 and over showing population, total assessed value of taxable property, and total value of exemptions (land and buildings) for the years 1901, 1911 and 1919. Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver Quebec Hamilton Ottawa Calgary Edmonton H^jlifax St. John London Victoria Regina Brantford Windsor Verdun .... - Hull Saskatoon Sydney Three Rivers Kingston Moosejaw Sherbrooke Peterborough Sault Ste. Marie . Fort Wimam.'...!! St. Catharines. .. . St. Thomas Westmount Moncton Stratford Guelph Lacbine New Westminster. Port -Ajthur Sarnia Brandon Niagara Falls Outremont Gait Belleville St. Boriiface Charlottetown. . . . Lethbridge New Glasgow Owen Sound Amher^it Medicine Hat St. Hvacinthe. .. Woodstock Levis 287,730 208,040 42.340 27,010 68.840 52.634 59,928 4,398 2,626 40,832 40,711 37,976 20,919 2,429 16,619 12,153 1,898 13, 993 113 9,909 9.981 17,961 1,558 11,765 11,239 7,169 9,74' 3,633 9,946 11.485 8,856 9,026 1,148 7,S66 9,117 2,019 12,080 2,072 4,447 i,776 4,9 470,480 376,538 136,035 100.401 78, 190 81,969 87,062 43,704 24,900 46,619 42,511 46,300 31,660 30,213 23,132 17,829 11,629 18.222 12,004 17,723 13,691 18,874 13,823 16,405 18,360 10,984 15,196 16,499 12.484 14,054 14,579 11,345 12,946 15.175 10.699 13.199 11.220 9.947 13,839 9.248 4,820 10,299 9,876 7,483 11,203 8,050 6,383 12,558 499,278 S200.000 123,050 114,550 108, 143 107,732 75,000 66,000 60,000 •60,000 59,100 50,000 40.000 '33.000 31,629 28.432 •28.392 28.000 25.000 25,000 23,737 23, 1.55 22,583 22,000 21.500 21,052 20.000 19.196 20.000 19,500 19,000 18.106 17.032 16,500 16.000 n5. 100 14.649 14.421 14.307 12.650 12.500 12.345 12.225 14.000 12.000 12.000 11,768 11,000 11.000 10.541 10,150 10,000 150,479,863 128,954,144 22,355 20,233,130 19,100.349 26,010.695 =23,919.705 2.307.040 906.345 25.151.200 17.806,940 10.814.2S0 952,129 6,560,905 5,373,725 1,796,151 3,171,091 " 325,380 2,423,311 6,671,285 < 2,916,840 4,694.215 4.533,735 1,915,530 " 3,410,855 1,333,451 4,580,180 11,527,300 2,504,075 1,466.000 2.253.772 1.723.225 1,390,861 2,706,295 " 3,989.836 1.312.167 3.725.076 118.605 1.272.655 2.S80.668 1,953,030 795,201 2.604,200 2,752,100 384, -971, 991 306,751,673 172.677.250 136,579.005 51.187.450 47,383,346 «54.950.786 52,746,600 '44,571,750 29,840,300 28,230,539 46,516,205 26,987,270 13,402,005 11,741,850 2,499,830 4,550,346 25,221,100 7 7,187,074 8,156.072 "20.600.284 8.988,105 9,707,955 5,223,446 " 6.286.829 14.231,202 8.861.741 7 27.437,954 7,435,435 9,929,742 4,928.741 9,062,775 4,346.687 4,411,164 4,346,816 ' 4,916,817 11,614,520 4,281,170 11,908,555 2.23ff;216 5,901,930 3,809,350 4,907,560 3,216,350 4,236,881 823,820,959 642,816, 236,023,520 205,044,673 73,038,256 87,157,890 120,463,606 77,943,010 79,306,320 37,330,810 46,013,550 40.7S3.044 71.897.065 '40.982.515 15.718.805 32.953.994 15.085.400 9.465,860 28,433,044 9.245.854 16,356.575 "13,016.727 "20,612,578 12,923,261 ■"13,112,605 17,650,175 11.967TS59 21.973,480 15.465,385 10,248.310 44.583,350 19.000.000 8.868,350 8,832,030 13,661,338 16.645.212 22.574,399 11,092,243 15,447,978 10,759,286 17,750,251 7,580.914 1' 6.240,165 12,547,265 5.704.308 11,723.655 6.331.530 7.022,883 4.844,430 14,292,838 4,233,818 3,428,345 3,556,595 38,254.130 23,428,893 5.949.600 None 7.296,960 3.402,810 15.469,626 7 110,187 639,470 1,103,660 82,581 439,500 1,193,300 215,760 454.575 1.278,206 2,597.3.50 746,335 408,300 .576,825 822,500 373,000 25.000 787.950 648. 100 61.970 382.110 245,340 120.119.419 40.729.905 27.511.350 None. 11.916.080 7.166.268 23.242,721 532.730 1.642,680 7.897,886 ' 2,109,075 2,680,500 285,455 1,347,526 1,826,565 4.627.051 3.0,57,350 7.093,178 692,275 1,697,620 1,982,346 8,097,625 '» 4,583,270 1,099,170 2,065,490 447,300 961,936 1,044,197 1,065,830 1,260,190 100,000 1,483,305 " 76,384 1,100,550 543,650 501,995 2,212,600 835,720 196,867,846 < 90,616,002 40,146,950 s 35,399,825 33,000,000 15,002,740 44,294,616 '4,483,396 » 6,947,950 19,779.700 ' #" - 5.239.547 10,119,040 15,190,300 3,839.825 5.132.414 3. 809 ..780 11.863,553 7 4.955.240 7,831.000 2,458,345 1,462,510 1,522,247 2,324,225 3,162,225 1.917,690 9,604,580 10,375,000 2,622,550 2,190.240 3.724,181 6.530.015 3.848,330 1,034,309 4,591,967 703,800 5,407,655 1.780.355 2.274,520 1.000,000 5,918,705 528,900 1,459.500 750.000 1.345.351 3,245.276 1.387,900 3.834.294 ' Census of Canada. = Estimated by City officials. ' Year 1920. < Year 1918. ' Improvements exempt 50%. s Land and buildings only. ' Not available. ' Land only. ' Including building improvements, land and business assessment. >" Totally exempt or liable for local improvement only. " Year 1903. " No assessed value placed on any of the properties. " Including business assessment. » Year 1905. " In 1911 the assessment on improvements was 60% of the value whereas in 1919 it was onlv 45%. " Property assessed for schools only $1,646,790 mcluded. " Business and income. » Of this $2,507,135 is liable for school rates, « This includes widow exemptions and exemptions of manufacturers. Churches, school houses and government properties are also exempted but no assessed valuation is placed on them. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 2— General Statistics. (11 Geo. V, 1921 Name of City or Town Area in Year of Acres Esti- mated Fopu- As As As Land Water latioa a a a Area Area Village Town City Latest year GROUP I — Cities having a Population oF over 100,000. Montreal, Que Dec. 31, 1S18 32. 155- 15 2.152 706,600 1.832 1,832 Toronto, i>nt.. . -. Dec. 31, 1919 20.480 5,203-2 499,278 1,793 not k'n 1,834 1.834 WinnipoK. M.-in April 30, 1930 14,865 422 200.000 - - 1.873 1,873 VancouveT, H.C Dec. 31, 1919 10.547-20 3,833-6 123.050 - - 1.886 1,886 Quebec, t^ue .\pril 30, 1920 5,820 - 114,550 - - 1.833 1,833 Hamilton, Out Dec. 31, 1919 7,910 _ 108, 143 1,816 1,833 1,846 1,846 Ottawa, Ont... I. Dec. 31, 1919 5,295-25 850 107.732 1,827 1.847 1,854 1,854 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgilry, .-vita Edmonton. .\lta Halifax. N.S St. John, X.n. London, Ont Victoria, B.C Dec. 31, 1919 2.1,920 73,oor _ l,8»i 1,894 Dec. 31. 1919 27.200 I,O0O 66,000 _ 1,892 1,904 .\pril 30, 1919 4,363 - 69,000 1,749 - 1,841 Dec. 31, 1918 13,440 - 60,000 - - 1,783 Dec, M. 1919 6,302 - .19. 10(1 1,840 1.848 1,8.54 Dec. 31. 1919 4,6i7-21 - 50.0X1 - 1,862 GROXn* III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000- Regina, Sask... Brantford, Ont, Sydney, X.S.. Three Rivers, Que, Dec. 31. 1919 8.427 - 40,000 - 1,883 1,903 Deo. 31, 1919 3.159 133 >» 33,000 1,830 1,847 1.877 Dec. 31, 1919 2.553 1.426-5 : 31,639 28,432 1,834 1,875 1,857 1.907 1,892 1,912 Dec. 31, 1918 Dec. 31. 1919 3.988 8,000 480 28,392 28.000 1,901 10 1,903 1,875 1.906 Dec. 31. 1919 3,000 730 25,000 - 1,885 1,904 Dec. 31. 1919 2,500 300 25,000 - 1,846 1,857 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000- Kingston, Ont Dec. 31. 1919 Moosejaw, Sask Dec. 31, 1919 Sherbrooke, Que Peterborough, Ont , . . . Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. Kitchener, Ont Fort William. Ont. . St. Catharines. Ont . St. Thomas. Ont Westmount. Que Moncton. N.B. , , Stratford, Ont . , Guelph, Ont Lachine, Que New Westminster, B.C Port .Arthur, Ont Samia. Ont Brandon. Man Niagara Falls. Ont Outremont, Que Gait, Ont Belleville. Ont .St. Boniface. Man Charlottetown. P.E.I. I^ethhridge. .\lta Ne Dec. 31. 1919 Dec. 31. 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Dec. 31. 1919 Dec. 31. 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Oct. 31, 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 'Mar. 9. 1930 Dec. 31, 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Dec. 31, 1919 Oct. 31. 1919 Dec. 31. 1919 Dec. 31. 1919 ■Dec. 31. 1919 Dec. 31. 1919 Dec. 31. 1919 3.104 2.536-65 4,950 3,1S2 8,634 2,400 1,800 976-5S 2,092 2,835 3.104 2,996 3.si:i 9, 137 I,5S4 5,603 1,655 1,593 1,800 11,290-1 518 22,583 22,000 21,500 21.052 20.000 19. 196 20,0 JO 19,.ia0 19,030 18,106 17,032 16.500 16.000 15.101 14.649 14.431 14.307 12.653 12.500 12.343 12.225 14.000 12.0D0 12,000 Not incorp. 1,854 1,884 1,852 1,850 1.887 1.869 1.902 1,845 1,857 1.836 1.882 1.899 1,853 1.912 1.908 1.876 1.881 1,908 1.890 1,,SS5 1.S79 1.914 1,882 1,904 1,915 1,877 1,908 1,855 1,906 l,90i St. Hvacinthe, Que Dec. 31, 1919 1.091 - 10.541 1,849 1,853 1.85" Woodstock. Ont « - 1.525 - 10,150 1.851 1.859 1,901 Levis.Que April 30, 1919 2,222 - 10,000 - 1,861 1,916 1 Gen. statistics for given year— Receipts and Expen. for 1918. ' Frontage tax rates • .Amalgamated with town of Steelton Jan, 1st, 1918. < Not given. 'Commissioners. • .Amalgamated with Strathcona. 'Includ- ing property assessed for schools only $1,646,790. » There is also police tax 2} mills, lighting tax 16c. ft. frontage. • Floating pop. of 2,000 included. '*■ Documents burned in fire. " Including buildings improved and business Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 2 — General Statistics — Continued. Governmental Organization Mayor Controllers Aldermen Term of Office Years) Salary $ No. Term of Office (Years) Salarj- (each) $ \o. Term of Office (Years) Salar^■ (each) S Taxable PropertA' (Total) Amount of Incomes *\s3essed for ilunicipal Income Tax (Total) Amount of General Local Rate of Improve- Assess- ment Assess- on the ment Dollar (Total) (MUls) S School Taxes Rate (Milla). GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 10,000 <• 5 4 10,000 20 2 ,,..' 7,300 4 1 2,500 24 1 5,000 - - - 14 2 1.2'" 5,000 - - - 8 1 !.-(»' 3,000 - - - 12 2 - 2.500 4 1 1,200 16 1 300 3,500 4 1 1,500 18 1 300 13-95 23,212,282 20-5 1.103,834 23 412,328 «20-80S - 19 175,642 22 300,741 16-55 R.C. 6: Prot. 6-44 5-858 Prot. 8; Oath. Neut. 5-5. 9 P.S. 6- 15; S.S. 10; Col. Inst. GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. I 5.000 5 21 2 4.200 12 2 - 77,943,010 622,552 24 5294 10-2206 Pleasure 3.300 I 4,200 2 Council & 3.900 10 2 - 79,306,320 4.252,000 - 24-05 U-25 1 2,000 4 2 1,000 IS 3 - 37,330.810 - - 25-4 - 2 3.000 s 4 4 3,000 - - - 46.013,550 14,990,850 - 26-2 1 2,000 - 12 1 - 40.783,044 1,850,279 227,247 32-5 11-8484 1 3.000 - - 10 1 400 71,897.065 - .- 18-65 7 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 2,500 1,500 5 1 Pleasure Council - 6,000 10 15 2 1 300 600 1,000 : I - 12 8 I 500 1,800 1,500 5 1 Pleasure Council 6,500 6 10 12 2 2 300 500 - - - 6 4 - "40,982,513 15,718,805 9,245.854 16.356, 504,690 '3.545,195 813.850 129,753 194,350 26-4 24-8 17-145 20 P.S. 9-1 S.S 14-9. P.S. 9-2 S.S 10-6. 1-8.S.-. Prot. 1 i 3ath. (-5 P.S. 5; Cath. 8 P.S. 11-6 S.S 20: H.S 2-(l5 [nc. with Gen Rate. GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 800 _ - - 21 1 _ 2,000 i 1 Pleasure Council 4,320 10 2 300 - - - - 10 2 - 1,0DC - - - 10 2 - Grant - - - 12 1 - of C'l l.OOO - - - 15 1 - 2,000 - - - 12 1 - 1,000 - - - 9 1 - 500 " : - n 3 1 2 - 500 " - " 8 12 1 1 " 1,200 _ - _ 18 3 _ 700 - - - 7 2 500 2,000 - - - 7 1 400 1,800 - - - 10 9 10 1 - 1,200 _ _ _ 2 300 1,100 - - - 9 1 _ - - - - 9 3 - 600 - _ 10 1 _ 200 - - - 9 1 1,000 - - - 10 2 250 324 - - - 8 9 _ 4,000 6 2 3 3,500 - - _ _ _ 6 0 _ 500 - 16 1 - _ _ _ 6 2 2,500 1 Pleasure Council 3,900 8 2 250 - - - - 10 2 _ 500 - - - 10 1 - - - - - 6 2 - 12.923,261 '13.112.605 17,650,173 11,957,859 21,973,480 15,465,385 10,248,310 44,583.350 19.000.000 8,858,350 8,832,030 13,661,338 16.645,212 22,574,399 11,092,243 15,447,978 10,759,286 17,750.251 7.580.914 ■ 6,240,165 12,547,265 5,704,308 11,723.655 4,844,430 14,292,838 445,787 1,055.2431 1.107,925 630,928 assessment . '^ 4.233,818 5,428.345 " 3,556.5951 Included in total assessed value of taxable property, i* Pop. for ye " Subject to 10 per cent rebate. 137.035 ,062,955 144,334 42,302 91.966 136,353 33,643 1,361,194 18,477 130,308 16-5 20-84 20-7 25-2 19-3218 17-5 20-4 23-03 20-794 22 18-8 810 19-835 23-9 27-79 20 27-66 13-2 21-2 9-34 P.S. 7-7; S.S. 20-9; H.S.1-25 P.S. 9; Cath. 6. 10 16 14-3 9-35 P.S.13-3;S.S. 10-9. 10-4282 Prot. 5; Cath. 7 11-6 5-97 10-206 8 10-2 Prot. 8; Cath. 5-6; and 5-25. 10- 165 12-6 12-21 P.S. 10-21 r 1920. " Including business assessment. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 2 — General Statistics — Continued. Ill Geo. V, 1921 ae o( City or Town Value of Exemptioiu of Lands and Ruildinss Nan Churchea and Religious. Institutions Kducational Institutions Charitable Institutions Land t Buildings IJind Buildings Land t Buildings GROITP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000 12,233.965 • 5.286,992 1,7M.320 524,710 871,400 12.327,145 • 7,606,006 2,072,350 1.569.730 1.693.600 1.194.450 •8.053.689 3,222,600 10 557,330 1,526,466 19,536.165 • 14.103.335 3,127,150 2.707.87C 2.915.00f 8.107.150 • 2,337,138 257,370 107,490 558,000 9,903,250 • 4,963,850 1,391.600 Vancouver, B.C .^ 13,000,000 Hamilton , Ont Ottawa, Ont 140.260 1.073,420 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of SO 000 to 100,000. Calgarj-, Alta... Edinonton, Alta Halifax, N.S .... St. John, N.B... London, Ont — Victoria, B.C.. 444.540 355. 850 928.400 818.805 1,989,130 1.100.000 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Regina, Sask — Brantford. Ont.. Windsor. Ont ... Verdun, Que Hull. Que Saskatoon, Sask Svdnev. X.S... Three Rivers, Qi 202.770 90.000 265.475 151,800 558.025 667,700 413,260 975,900 908.800 182.725 142.000 639,580 835,150 638, 150 422.690 332,400 25.540 29.625 48.275 6.900 144.550 184,275 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont Moosejaw, Sask Sherbrooke, Que Peterborough, Ont SaultSte. Marie, Ont.. Kitchener, Ont Fort William, Ont St, Catharines, Ont St. Thomas, Ont Westmount, Que Moncton. N.B Stratford. Ont Guelph. Ont Lachine, Que New Westminster, B.C Port -Arthur. Ont Samia, Ont Brandon, Man Niagara Falls. Ont OutremoDt. Que Gait, Ont Belleville. Ont St. Boniface. Man Charlottetown. P.E.I. . Lethbridge. Alta New Glasgow. N.S Owen Sound. Ont Amherst. N.S Medicine Hat, Alta.... St. Hyacintbe, Que Woodstock, Ont Levis, Que 63,900 73,730 ,752,650 54.500 25.200 82.625 39.800 935.958 38.665 86.700 63. 170 126.525 30.000 35.500 84,810 14,650 218,545 914,300 614.310 350.000 251,550 361,250 28,45' ,328.050 750.00(1 345.450 983,000 105.450 112,550 222,650 257,525 157,900 642.300 221,335 292,550 178,500 190,500 130,000 155.700 1.352.100 258.350 245.450 73.000 100.000 90,931 110.875 55.480 1,389.250 114.125 156.230 28.612 177.085 42.400 113.022 29.250 49.900 175. 190 95,785 30.000 222.600 167,100 19.240 409. n5 927.600 315.650 418.202 227,400 599,900 331,220 681,550 750,000 380,925 459,630 206.500 270,700 349.950 201.900 344.700 267.250 327,300 375,000 349,000 150,000 481,800 186,000 234,760 345,350 14,760 4.300 7.100 90.000 82,725 813,000 224.600 15,000 13,000 7,700 45.050 25.000 76,550 64,790 242,100 107,300 33.300 125.000 59.000 5.000 81.200 92,900 256,000 210,000 61.000 265.000 66,OOo 420,84q 1 Gen. statistics for given year — Receipts and Expen. for 1918. » Not given. ' Total exemptions only given- •Other exemptions includes railwaj-s. * Xo assessed value placed on any of the properties. •Improvements exempt. 50 per cent. 'Includes cemeteries. '50 per cent value of buildings assessed. Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 2 — General Statistics — Continued. Value of Exemptions of Lands and Buildings Corpora* ion Property Dominion and Provincial Gov't Property Manufacturing or Industrial Establishments O^her Exemptions Total Exemptions Land S Buildings Land Buildings Land S Buildings Land S Buildings Land S Buildings GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 23.976,900 ' 6,042,733 2,645,100 22,402,100 '5,221,536 2,591,750 15,089,300 ' 5.463,094 4,709,300 20.000,000 724,850 18.762,050 12,556,895 ' 2,039,500 2,003.850 ' 6,814,413 '7,011,060 101,474.341 '43,583,071 19,190,390 95,393,505 '47,032,931 20,956,560 6 36,399,825 33,000,000 8,772,960 30,435.106 GROUP II —Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 1.685,580 658,581 . 885,890 4,463.396 _ 2.405,830 - 1,494,120 - 32S, 100 - 374,920 6,947,950 - 1,107,000 13 _ 8,993,200 u - - 6,840,100 " - 19,779,700 13 - _ _ _ - - - - - Xot knowTi. Not known. 738,737 627,765 218,550 445,659 379,985 _ 48,000 127,000 2,010,497 3.229,050 1,003,300 520,400 1,409,180 2,910,500 - - 650,000 900,000 3,878,780 6,240,260 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. IS 4,005,870 383,140 1,976.740 909,670 « 5,685,810 » 293,680 12,805,530 2,384,770 340,375 342,700 72,325 291,000 11 11 605,600 347,750 1,320,650 2,519,175 268,700 1,317.125 265,250 196,2,50 116,100 727.239 127,375 168,500 1,233.175 3,899,239 - 2,247,170 - 726,660 - - - - - 3,809,780 80,430 1,849,683 72,630 225,600 251,473 490.139 5,542 28,000 539,161 3,948,222 " 1,087,975 1! 223,405 - - - - " 2,324,835 551,450 2,1.34,753 733,50Ci 1,379,000 686,400 3.208,100 - - 2,809,600 8,853,953 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. J , , , , J J J J . 1.167,465 283,100 226,505 680,200 46,555 176,150 ' 882,890 < 349.265 2,755,480 2,199,760 13 _ 1.702,500 12 _ 629,000 12 876,850 12 _ 1,967,750 12 7.831,000 293,950 135,515 307,800 212,150 125,000 _ _ 956, 120 1,502,225 50,000 276,308 20,000 . 128,000 - - - 275,000 1,187,510 251,259 438,310 30,000 20,000 - _ 22,000 63,000 521,987 1,000,260 - - - - - - - ' 653,475 » 1,670,750 288,575 275,225 42,800 186,450 115.025 776,425 262,900 58,400 891,575 2,270,650 94,750 386,000 66,600 176,400 151.315 286,485 - 256,093 445,335 1,472.355 1,690,450 602.700 33,500 90,000 14,950 597,930 248.500 105,000 6,154,300 3,450.280 1.' _ 250,000 12 _ 7,500,000 12 _ 1,100,000 - - 12 _ 10.375.000 497,675 655,750 17,300 173,000 4,250 16,360 6,000 96,000 631,275 1,S91,':75 - - - - - - - - 12 ' 2.190,240 13 - 747,615 13 _ 58,900 12 _ 1,410,246 - - U _ 3.724,181 1,499,325 689,750 718,250 1,034,500 - - 2,046,890 - 4,458,215 2,071,800 1,026,300 152,650 200,900 942,200 372,000 450,000 24,000 27,100 1,850,030 1,998,300 26,940 152,000 15,000 87,400 29,425 89,295 7,917 38,500 140,464 893,845 278,460 202,125 233,420 1,104,930 28,380 238,100 1,113,762 372,495 1,941,842 2,650,125 16,200 58,600 6,000 115,000 - - - - 111,400 592,400 279,898 37,000 - - - - '2,947,017 ' 88,000 4,290,655 1,117,000 84,755 102,600 - - - - 930,500 20,500 1,087,470 692,885 82,745 275,640 45,900 258,200 1,500 17,000 » 54,300 »• 196,600 328,145 1,460,190 80,390 62,500 20,150 18,000 47.660 500,000 407,960 - 884,520 1,390,000 - - ~ - - - - - 12 _ 3 1,000,000 917,920 285, 100 207,855 368,500 127,400 55,250 - » 2,969,370 1,490,985 4,427,720 4.000 10,000 30,000 70,000 - - 24,900 50,000 118,900 410,000 118,800 274,100 10,000 95,000 - - - 391,900 1,067,600 - - - - - - - - 12 _ ' 750,000 645,846 13 120,025 327,570 - - - 1,345,351 15 - - 978,670 12 _ 221,000 12 213,500 12 29,005 12 3,245,275 37,200 66,300 18,200 197,600 - 471,930 - - 92,990 1,294,910 - 163,869 - 2,001,576 - 429,950 - 227,259 - 3,834.291 ^Exemptions are for year 19IS. ^° Not separated. see total given for charitable inst. buildings. " Accounted for by fixed or special assessment inc.: in total assessed value of taxable property ^^ Included in buildings. *' Included in land. i* Including County of Hastings and Hydro-Electric buildings. '^ Includes saleable property. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 2 — General Statistics— Con/inued. (U Geo. V, 1921 Name of City or Town Streets improved, mileage of Tarvia Asphalt or Tar Wood Other Macadam Block improved Streets unimproved mileage of GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal, Que... Toronto. Ont . . , Winnipeg, Man. . Vancouver, B.C Quebec, Que... Hamilton, Ont.. Ottawa, Ont... 147-6 151-3 11-4 63-4 373-7 34-28 236-66 3-09 4-32 106-27 384-62 33 113-3 - 26 6-4 178-7 • 177-1 27-82 4-36 27-25 5-09 241-62 40 20 - - 10 70 .123-2 4 _ 2-07 -74 126-01 55 36-29 4-94 1-8 14-79 112-82 462-3 148-77 305-5 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary, Alta. ., Edmonton, .\lta Halitax, .M.S... St John, N.B... London. Ont Victoria, B.C. . . 51-79 4-85 6-05 62-69 - 46-96 - 1-07 112-172 160-202 30 ID 2 2 44 5 - 36 36 _ 20-8 _ - 21-241 42-041 11-25 65 12 -35 3-18 . 1-25 71-15 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 27-46 69-5 15. 9-8986 5-75 1-5 ~ 4-61 4-55 7 4-3129 G 5-31 _ 5-5 1-5 -73 2-1 •25 -41 1-45 4-95 42-25 4-1 -82 9 5-84 31-01 79 64-5 36-59 11-25 6-54 12 11-18 75 10 22 1-35 23-75 55-5 38 14 69-9 10 72-75 Windsor, Ont Verdun, Quo Hull, Que 48-8 19-05 15 51-35 Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Que 29-58 25-65 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont Moosejaw, Sask Sberbrooke. Que Peterborough, Ont Saiilt Ste. Marie, Ont.. Kitchener, Ont Fort William. Ont St. Catharines, Ont.... St. Thoma.-*, Ont We.'!lmount. Que Monoton. \.B Stratford, Onl Guelph, Ont Lachine, Que ... New Westminster, B.C Port .\rthur, Ont Samia. Ont Brandon. Man Niagara Falls, Ont Outremont, Que Gait, Ont Belleville. Ont St. Boniface, Man Charlotteton-n. P.E.I . . Lethbridge, .\lta New Gla.«gow, N.S Owen Sound, Ont Amherst. X.S Medicine Hat, .Mta .St. H.vacinthe. Que Woodstock, Ont Le-vis, Que 32-29 4-872 1-083 38-245 -25 _ 4-23 76-2 80 -6S 30 1-5 • 5 - 1 33 18-88 4-75 _ _ _ 23-63 6 2-2 _ _ 7 15-2 26-06 -581 8-203 -444 3-036 38-324 6-966 2-994 -073 1-472 -20 11-705 1-5 13-5 3 1-5 4 23-5 6 1 2 1 1-5 11-5 2-89 14-316 9-178 - 1-23 27-614 1-6 4-66 1-6 -15 22-88 30-89 6 1-05 9-46 - 6-04 18-59 18-82 _ _ _ 3-288 22-106 28 _ 2 ■25 10-25 40-5 15 4-4 12 _ 43 74-4 10 4-25 _ lU-35 2 26-6 2-75 4 _ -19 26 32-94 39 - -34 - 2-1 41-44 fl 18-5 _ -16 18-66 5-75 1-125 1 - - 7-875 8-03 2-61 -14 _ -25 11-03 -5 15 - 3 25-24 43-74 14 1-5 8-5 _ _ 24 - 1-57 - - 32-8 34-37 5 1 _ 20 26 5 1 1-5 - -5 8 - 2-5 2-5 _ - _ 27 27 -6 1 _ 1-09 4-69 6 -75 4 _ 4-5 15-25 1-5 " " -5 " 2 4 267-07 4-5 32-37 20 30 59-86 35-5 55 40 61-5 103 10 Not known. 5 34-88 30 4 4 80 30 208 20-51 40 23 Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 2 — General Statistics — Conclxided. SideTCBlks. mileage rf Public Parks, acreage of Public Playgrounds Street Lighting Con- crete Other Total. Owned by pality Not owned by munici- pality Number Area in .\cres. Length ol streets lighted Number of Lamps, Standard or Brackt. Board. By Electric, Arc. Nitrogen, etc. Gas By Electric, Arc, Nitrogen. etc. EL GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 7 702-5 702-5 1,-421 . 64 1,450 599 5,727 713-89 3-75 717-64 = 1,869-61 - 28 12-25 550 - 46,000 136 - 529-7 674-3 - 26 - 500 — 3,527 211-21 - 2U-21 406-5 1,000 1 2-4 360 _ 3,133 35 - 125 - - - - 75 _ 4,349 252-69 252-69 560-03 12-5 i 1-5 161 _ 8,511 218-29 218-29 183 28 10 32-5 136 - 4,544 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 160-91 . 244-91 _ 29 2,164 50-458 5 242-958 770 - S 30 - _ .20 - 20 25 _ 6 5 _ _ 430 72 74 20 100 3 - ■ 35 - 476 175-29 — 175-29 460-27 - _ 122 _ 2,951 133-74 - 132-74 611-32 - ' ' 30O - 1,800 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 42-76 115-26 25-7 4 25-5 78-7 60S 85 - 85 79-35 _ » 7 51-25 62 „ 3.142 US - 118 17-5 1 — 22 _ 2,085 24 -93 - 25 5-78 _ 1 4-59 18-238 _ 237 30-25 - 30-25 5 - - 35 _ 435 51 1 73 395-52 _ _ _ 40 _ 881 6-1 61 9-3 32 _ _ 39-4 _ 580 40 - 42 5 ^ 1 3 3 26 - 391 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 61 2 64-077 45 32-5 429 41-49 -56 72-15 163-5 160 3 77 48 _ 314 12 20 32 30 _ 36-5 _ 1.591 69-42 - 69-42 79 - 3 2-5 45 _ 1,178 27 - 32 10 28 9 15 35 - 616 60-415 - 60-415 122-65 - 66-275 _ 1,618 12-16 - 63-74 - - 6 20 35 _ 813 56 - 56 14 - 1 4 39 _ 2.186 60 60 SS - 1 15 _ 1,163 50-151 - 50-151 .30-13 - 3 26 _ 651 30- 17 - 30-47 13 _ 3 13 _ 443 57-6 -15 57-75 no - 5 4 Not - 956 known. 43 _ 43 10 _ 1 _ 23 _ 558 23 - 76 145-5 - » _ 60 _ 449 29 - 39-5 700 - _ _ 75 _ 2,560 - 17 - 2 12 40 _ 710 55 - 55-5 75 _ _ 100 _ 1.800 51 - 51 _ 204 _ _ 20 _ 760 30-7 - 30-7 12-15 - 1 2 20 _ 565 67 - 67 _ _ 38-25 _ 1,325 43-7 - 50-7 42 - 3 10 40 _ 869 12 - 39 - _ 22 _ 179 15-75 - 37-75 4 1 _ _ _ 158 38-16 ~ 46-96 303 7 _ 9 ^ 29 _ 500 5 40 45 5 _ 1 4 21 _ 323 90 - 90-5 260 - 44-5 „ 755 12 45 57 7 _ 3 7 27 _ 539 25-38 - 28-63 495 - 1 6 27 24 - 24 4 _ 2 9 25 192 45 45 5 50 - 6 14 50 _ 744 2 - 30 3-122 - 22 - 450 • Exclusive of school grounds. * Included in asphalt. 5 Included in other improved. ' Included in Tar\-L Includfid in Other. > Included in Concrete. " Included in Public P.irks. »« Includes storm ; 12 DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS [U Geo. V, 1921 TABLE 3 — Waterworks and Purification Plants. Name of City or Town. Water Supply System. Source of Supply Year Built or Purchased. Value of System inc. power plant and Equipment, Mains. Buildings. and Land Water supplied to Svstem during GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal, Que.. Toronto, Ont... Quebec, Que. St. Lawrence River. Lake Ontario. Lake St. Charles at Lorotte. Lake Ontario.. . Ottawa River... 1854-84 and 1914 18o9 1874 15,000,000 15,750,000 24,430,000,000 ,808,610,000 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary, .\ita 1 Elbow and Bow Edmonton, Alta. London, Ont... Victoria, B.C. Saskatchewan River. Lakes Loch Lomond and Spruce Lakes. Springs and arte- sian wells. Sooke Lake 1878 1915 2,611,555 2,902,429 1,478,262 ' 2.577,000 3,710,000,000 2,007,718,000 1,829,129,000 2,274.999,375 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Regina, Sask Brantford, Ont... Windsor, Ont . Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask . Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Qu Wells and springs. Springs and Grand River. Detroit River Lawrence iver. Ottawa River.. . .South Saskat- chewan Rivei Sullivan's Br and City Res. Dumeresq and .Middle Lakes water shed. .\rtesian wells. 1904 1S70-1SS7 1872 1908 1901 1906 1902 1915 i 10,017, 2,499, 1,217,. 1,187,: 756,852 200,000 135,240 433,133 996,400 * Not given. 'For city and surrotmding municipalities. * Supply system only ^ Included cost of operation and maintenance of slow and drifting sand filtration plants, interest and sinkiag fund charges on above plants. Chlorination of water supply by department of Public Health. Sess. No. 17) MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 3 — Waterworks and Purification Plants — Continued. Water Supply System Purification of Water System. Water Reser- Stand Average Water Regular Fire voirs, Pipes. Mains, Quantitv Average Meters during Pressure Pressure Number Number mileage Method Daily of Water Cost in Use Year and Capacity and Capacity o! Employed Capacity Treated Daily per Day Xo. per cent of pounds pounds mil. gals. mil. gals. gallons gallons % GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 1,701 13 30 to 125 30 to 125 3— 37-95 3— 153 457 Double filtra- 50,000,000 2 67.000,000 214 3,589 32.000 1,900 34-35 90-5 10 45 to 100 60 140 to 160 300 85 to 200 140 to 160 1— 39 2— 2- 35 1— -1 587-64 289-4 265 Slow sand and drifting sand. None. None. 90,000,000 62,600,000 ' 1.025 35 1 60 to SO 90 to 120 90 None. - _ _ 637 347 12-2 44 to 100 90 44 to 100 110 to 130 3— 12-97 1— -08 188-9 187-6413 None. Chloramine. . 40.000,000 20,000,000 38 GKOUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 778 8,000 5,000 24 95 80 45 to 110 12 to 65 100 45 to 110 2— 50 2— 2 1— -1 207-52 165-23 90 Coagulation. . Gravity filter. Hypochloride lO.OOO.OOO 6,000.000 10,000,000 6,000.000 7 60 400 5,396 20 36-1 101 60 to 70 35 to 101 80 to 100 1— 1-5 2— 6 ; - 92-5 135 None. None. - ; - 8,412 40-6 80 140 2— 5-691 - - 134-42 None. - - - GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 4.100 82 35 to 40 120 3— 11-065 75-21 None. 2.650 64 80 to 85 110 to 120 64-346 Natural sand and gravel filter. 10,000.000 2,575,070 2 30 - 55 90 to 100 - - 61-2 Chlorinated... 13,000.000 5,850,000 7 4 - 60 85 - - 17-053 Filtration with alum. " 2.208.589 2,208,589 15 ■ 10 - 65 90 to 100 - - 30 Mechanical chlorine. 7,000,000 7,000,000 12 2.900 100 00 110 2— 3-5 2— -325 46-25 Sedimentation and filtration. 4,000,000 1.802,727 36 27 6-5 70 70 3— 816 34-28 None. " " " 17 - 60 to SO 125 1— -5 - - 29-07 Chlorine — Natural filter through sand. 2.160.000 2.160.000 4 •Built by private concern and purchased later by city. ' 17,000,000 gale, of raw water treated with hypochlorite. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS (11 Geo. V, 1921 TABLE 3 — Waterworks and Purification Plants — Continued. Water Supply System. Value of System inc. power Water Daily Name o( City or Town. Year plant and supplied to Con- Source Built or Equipment, Svatcm sumption of Supply Purohaaed. .Mains. during per nuildingH, Year Capita } gallons gallons GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Out... .Mooscjiiw, Sask. Sherbrookc, Que. St. Thomas, Ont. Stratford, Ont,. Guelph, Ont Machine, Que.... New Westminster, B.C. Port Arthur. Ont. Sarnia, Ont Niagara Falls, Ont. Outremont, Que Gait. Ont Belleville. Ont... St. Boniface, Man. Charlottetown, P.E.I. Ijethbridge, Alta New Glasgow, N.S. Owen Sound. Ont., St. Hyacinthe. Que. Woodstock, Ont. T,evis. Que Lake Ontario.. Infiltration galleries and springs. Magog River..., Otonabee River. St. Mary's River. Artesian wells. spring and lake. Lock Lomond Lake Erie vi Welland Canal. .'Vrtcsian wel and Kettle River. Storage Reser voir Driven wells.. . Head of R. St Clair and Lake Huron. River. -Artesian wells... Bay of Quinte Artesian wells, Greater Win- nipeg Water district Aque- duct. Driven wells — Oldman River. . Sydenham River and springs. Napan River.... S. Saskatchewan River. Yamadka River. Springs Lawrence Rivor. 1870 and 1913 1S93 1892 1S84 750,000 439,983 470.115 542.05' 1.345,200 470.000 574.11 260,000 451,110 261,148 1.416,200.000 279.421.000 1,460,000,000 2,128,888,000 736,070,000 1.424.401.175 461.000,000 1.204.526.000 I Not given. * Built by private concern and purchased later by city. * Water supplied by Montreal Water and Power C Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 3. — Waterworks and Purification Plants — Concluded. Water Supply System Purification of Water System Water Meters in Use Water metered during Year Regular Pressure Fire Pressure Reser- Number find . Capacity Stand Pipes, Number and Capacity No. per cent of pounds -.pounds mil. gals. mU. gals. Average Quantity of Water Treated Daily gallons GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 140 70 76 1— -628 _ 39 Chlorine gas... 12,500.000 382,904 2,2S1 100 65 125 to 260 6— 95-47 1— -081 67-32 Natural filtra- tion through sand into infiltration galleries. 186 15 40 to 132 40 to 132 I— 11 - 48 Liquid chlor- - 4,000,000 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 45-83 None. _ _ 540 8-7 75 125 1— -65 - 35 Liquid chlor- 12,080,000 3,000,000 2 3,880 93 50 75 2— 1-25 I— -5 41-57 Mechanical filters, small part. 400,000 150,000 60 - 100 to 110 100 to 110 1— -S - 62-71 None. - - _ 300 37 70 to 117 70 to 117 3—365 - 65-5 .\er,ation and steriliza- 15,000 000 4,750,000 1.943 50 40 100 to 120 2— 32 1— -5 35 Chlorination, coagula tion. aeration and 5,600,000 2,000,080 12 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 filtration. 3 3 3 - - 30 60 2— 500 - 34-74 Chlorination. 3,880,000 3,880,000 - 2.440 74-67 80 120 - 1— -5 Not known. None. - - - 50 10 80 120 1- -5 I I 25-25 liquid chlorine 10,000,000 4,200,000 I 330 10 35 to 100 35 to 100 4— 9 - 90 None. - - - 650 25 135 15!i - 1- -2 64-5 Liquid chlor- 8,. 500, 000 5,000,000 6 6-6 . 60 100 1— 1-2 ^ ' 34 Sedimenta tion basin chlorination automatic. 10,000,000 4,282,000 2,350 67 S5 140 - - 29-75 Pressure fil- ters. 3,000,000 1,226,000 35 - 110 140 1— 1 - 38 Automatic chlorine. 3,000,000 3,000,000 - - 50 to 90 50 to 90 I— 43 - » - 3 » ' 1,236 10 105 125 1— -15 1— -22 34 None. - ■- 87 75 to SO lUUo 120 _ 1— -305 25 Chlorination. _ 1,700,000 1 1.850 90 6( 60 1— 1 \— -96 25 None. - - " 50 10 55 65 1— 1-25 - 22 None. - - - 60 30 30 120 - 2— -IS 37 Mechanical and sand filter. 3.000.000 1,500,000 10 60 100 near lake. 50 in to-wn. 80 to 100 90 to 115 I— 2 ' 30 None. " " ~ 15 " 60 93 2- 5-5 ~ 50 Slow sand fil- tration. 1,500,000 1,500,000 - 16 1 60 75 1— 1-5 _ 25 None. _ _ _ 45 40 to SO 40 to 115 1- 2-33 1— -423 34-6 Filters and New York cont. Jewel. 6,000,000 2,565,055 8 . 12 - 55 110 - - 20 Gravity filter. 3,000,000 1,700,000 S _ _ 60 110 1— 1 31 None. _ _ . 6 16 30 to 135 75 to ISO I— -1 15 Chlorination. - 2,000,000 16 DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 4 — Fire and Police Departments. Ill Geo. V, 1921 Name of City or Town Fmc Depabth Officers, inc. chief deputies, captaina and firemen No. Halls or Stations No. Hydrants No. Horses No. Pumping Engines Motor Horse propelled dra\ni Motor Horse propelled draun No, GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal. Que Toronto, Ont Winnipeg:. Mob Vancouver. li.C Quebec, Que Hamilton. Ont .y Ottawa, Ont 750 45 4,147 265 2 13 3 495 2« 6,645 82 _ 7 3 285 15 2,358 53 - 4 - 187 11 1,814 _ 1 4 3 174 13 800 50 1 2 - 125 7 1,853 19 _ 2 1 143 11 1,376 32 " 4 3 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary, Alta.. Edmonton, Alt; Halifax, N.S... St. John, N.B. London, Ont. . . Victoria, B.C.. 105 9 1,086 2 1 2 102 7 soa 11 _ 1 4 94 7 - 27 3 5 145 9 521 43 - 7 1 60 5 932 15 _ 1 _ 66 5 910 " 2 2 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25.000 to 50,000. Regina, Sask Brantford, Ont Windsor, Ont Verdun. Que Hull. Que Saskatoon, Sask.. . Sydney, N.S Three Rivera, Que, S3 4 521 8 _ _ , 36 2 344 4 - - 1 37 3 568 _ - .- 2 35 2 167 6 - - - 36 3 276 13 - 1 - 46 3 471 3 - 1 2 48 160 3 _ 1 2 2 31 2 220 9 " 1 " GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont Moosejaw, Saak Sherbrooke, Que Peterborough, Ont Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.. Kitchener, Ont Fort William, Ont St. Catharines, Ont St. Thomas, Ont Westmount, Que Moncton, N.B Stratford, Ont Guelph. Ont Lachine, Que New Westminster, B.C Port Arthur. Ont Samia. Ont Brandon, Man Niagara Falls. Ont Outremont, Que Gait, Ont Belleville. Ont ■,. St. Boniface, Man Charlottetown. P.E.I.., Lethbridge. Alta New Glasgow, N.S Owen Sound, Ont Amherst, N.S Medicine Hat, Alta St. Hyacinthe, Que Woodstock, Ont Levis. Que 19 2 304 , 2 33 3 376 a - - 1 22 4 265 IS - 2 _ 21 1 - 4 - 1 - 22 3 24S 4 - 1 1 2C 2 30C i _ 37 3 454 11 _ 1 _ 24 3 381 5 ! - - 16 1 191 4 - _ _ 38 2 304 IC - - 1 51 4 138 14 - 2 1 22 1 234 4 - 1 _ IS 1 206 4 _ _ _ « 15 2 214 4 - 1 1 31 4 185 2 6 1 - 37 3 358 8 - 1 - 14 1 231 5 - - - 18 1 186 5 - 1 - * - 4 221 7 - 1 - I 22 1 183 6 " - _ IS 1 258 4 - - - > 16 2 268 6 ~ 1 _ 16 2 188 10 - 2 - 40 1 95 4 1 1 _ 13 2 251 2 - 1 2 40 ' 4 100 - 1 - 1 23 ' 7 173 4 - - - S3 3 168 8 - 2 _ 17 3 225 - - - 1 20 1 120 8 - 2 _ 11 I 177 5 - - - 12 3 150 9 " 2 " 1 Also carries 146 feet of other ladders. 1 These men also act as policemen. ' Including 5 volunteers. Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 4 — Fire and Police Departments — Corilinued. FiBE Department Chemical Engines Hose Wagons with Chemical Tanks Hose Wagons, plain Aerial Ladders Motor propelled No. Horse drawn No. Motor propelled No. Horse drawn No. . Motor propelled No. Horse drawn No. Motor propelled Horse drawn Number Length feet Number Length feet GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 2 1 3 36 3 1,060 4 1.132 - 1 13 - - 12 2 64S 1 345 _ 6 _ _ 7 16 1 75 3 ISd 4 - 3 1 7 - 2 160 - - _ 1 2 - 10 3 765 - - - - 2 4 2 - - - - ' " 7 4 ~ 1 85 ~ " GROUP II- -Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. . 9 1 So . _ 5 5 - - 6 1 75 - - - 2 4 - 1 3 1 75 - - _ o _ _ _ 7 _ _ 1 65 2 - - 4 • - 2 1 75 " " " " " 1 .o| " GROUP III —Cities hav-ing a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 1 . 1 , . 1 1 75 . . - " 3 4 ~ ~ 2 1 75 1 230 -_ "2 I 1 4 -_ I _ 1 85 - - 3 - - - - GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. - 1 1 3 1 1 2 : 4 1 3 2 1 75 : 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 1 : : : : ; 2 1 4 1 : : : ; - ; 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 "1 1 65 ; ; '2 : 1 1 1 3 : 1 1 1 ■ 1 65 - : : 2 :' 2 2 : : ; : 1 2 1 - 1 1 5 1 50 : - 1 1 :• 1 ; 1 1 3 1 75 \ : - - _ ■) _ 1 _ _ _ _ " ■ " ■ " ~ 6 " " " ~ Volunteer firemen. 7610—2 = Including reel houses. ' Including 6 volunteers. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 4 — Fire and Police Departments — Continued. Ill Geo. V, 1921 Fl I DcrARTUCNT Name of City or Town other Ladder Trucks and Ladders Fire Boau No. Hose Sleighs Chemical Tanks Motor propelled Horse drawn With Chemical Tanks No. Plain No. Number Length feet Number Length feet No. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100.000. Montreal, Que. . Toronto, Ont. .. Winnipeg, Man . . Vancouver, B.C Quebec, Que Hamilton, Ont.. Ottawa, Ont 3 1.109 27 6,929 1 34 4 1.052 7 1.460 I 12 4 _ - 9 2.212 - - 2 110 - - - - - - - 9 1.324 - 1 10 1 321 2 550 - 9 " - 5 50 11 - GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary, Alta.. Edmonton, Alti Halifax, N.S... St. John, N.B London, Ont. . . Victoria, B.C. 1 45 1 65 1 50 3 105 - 3 4 7 _ _ 3 1,000 - _ 2 55 - - - - - 1 220 ~ ' - ~ 4 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Regina, Sask Brantford, Ont. . - Windsor. Ont Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask . . . Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Que 2 472 2 _ - 2 470 - - 2 1 225 - - - - - 1 260 _ _ - 2 - - - 2 476 - - 4 1 55 _ - _ 2 1 1 260 1 210 _ _ 2 1 238 I 128 - 3 3 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston. Ont Moosejaw, Sask Sherbrooke. Que Petef bqrough, Ont Sault Ste. Marie. Ont... Kitchener, Ont Fort William, Ont St. Catharine.'*. Ont St. Thomas, Ont Westraount. Que. ; Moncton. N.B Stratford, Ont Guelph, Ont Lachine, Que New Westminster, B.C Port Arthur, Ont Samia. Ont Brandon, Man Niagara Falls, Ont. ... Outremont, Que Gait. Ont Belleville. Ont St. Boniface, Man , Charlottetown, P.E.I. . Lethbridge. Alta New Glasgow. N.S Owen Sound, Ont Amherst, N.S. Medicine Hat. Alta.... St. Hyacinthe, Que.... Woodstock, Ont Levis, Que 2 356 1 237 1 135 - - - -~ 3 1,045 - 2 - - 1 214 - - - - 1 200 - - - - 1 296 - - - - 2 460 275 252 - - 3, _ _ 1 _ 2 _ ", - 2 459 : - } 1 ' 1 50 - " - 278 1 137 - - 1 300 1 200 _ _ _ - - 1 125 - - - - - 3 193 - - - .- 120 - - - - 1 2O0 - - - 1 231 1 1 - _ _ 1 314 - 2 - ; 1 250 - 1 18 400 - - - - - _ - 1 250 - ■ 1 - - 1 200 - - 2 _ _ _ _ _ - - 1 132 - - ' " " " " " 6 Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 4 — Fire and Police Departments — ConliAued. Fire Department Water Towers Other Con- vevances. Reels. Carts, etc. Total estimated Value Calls during Year False malicious alarms No. Services not required No. Serv-icea required Xo. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. ., 65 15 16 600 115.500 956 578.000 866 678 1.831 3,375 1 6.5 10 - 4,600 58.400 557 405.000 327 744 2.356 3.427 1 63 6 13 150 55.567 380 368.699 261 738 5S8 1.587 - - 5 - 2.100 42.000 3O0 222.890 9S 134 737 968 - - 12 - 400 26.300 202 750.000 76 212 425 713 ■ - 2 - 1.350 20.000 64 109.371 28 125 360 513 " ' 3 ~ 1.850 22.250 202 190.516 47 146 326 519 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 3 - ! 350 19.350 156 - 3 1,500 23.000 150 _ 9 5 1.700 19.000 62 - 1 2 2.500 14.350 118 - - 1 1.600 13.400 71 ~ ' " 1.900 20,480 114 162.979 58 .58 366 230.000 75 99 451 139.391 24 10 254 23.374 12 8 207 50, 135 24 197 223,425 14 180 137 GROUP III- -Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 1 45 1 500 10.000 60 80.000 30 33 147 210 - - 3 1 650 8.OO0 40 119.541 25 47 97 169 - - 2 - 800 9,000 96 175.000 20 70 72 162 - - - - 4.000 32 85.471 18 5 37 60 - - 1 600 8.750 62 69.505 8 48 158 214 2 80-85 - 400 8.400 43 182.465 8 203 211 - - - 400 6.000 46 60.000 17 15 105 137 " ' 3 " 7.000 66 47,391 6 6 84 96 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. . _ 1 200 5,800 66 26.000 22 71 60 131 - - 2 - 700 9.150 62 105.000 34 63 78 175 - - I 2 lOO lO.OOO 120 41.473 S 184 - - 1 - 200 6,350 37 33.534 4 _ 187 191 - - I 2 4O0 8,000 35 45.000 53 39 138 230 - - 1 - 300 5.000 42 25.000 7 12 41 60 - - I - 500 8.500 46 22.100 8 20 138 lee - - - 1 200 4,200 47 21.000 17 3 69 g» - - - - 250 3,900 38 25.000 4 • 36 27 67 - - 200 8,900 54 58,740 5 51 56 46 - - - - 20n 6.300 49 60.000 9 22 34 65 - , - 1 4O0 4.400 - S.961 84 - - 3 1 200 7.500 32 46,389 5 _ 87 92 - - - - 600 10.400 34 58,000 2 4 139 143 - - - 1.100 11,000 54 60.000 . 12 37 136 205 - - - - 150 5.000 26 18.000 16 2 40 38 - - 3 2 200 7.900 40 45.735 26 10 56 92 ■- - - 4 - 7.000 43 26.000 2 8 38 48 - - - 1 - 4.000 21 20.000 7 7 35 49 - - - 250 4.000 - 15.000 _ 25 - - - 1 - 5.000 1 20,000 1 _ 46 47 1 - 300 10.000 40 15.000 27 _ 104 131 - - 2 4 500 5,000 50 15,000 - 25 10 35 - - 1 2 300 5.500 37 45.000 20 20 45 85 - - - 6 400 5.000 19 30.000 10 5 31 46 - - 2 - 6,000 29 - 5 69 74 - - 1 5 250 5.500 1 37.500 1 3 27 31 - - 4 1 400 6.000 51 50,000 2 10 43 55 - - - - - 7,000 36 41.900 1 - 81 82 - - - - - 4.000 23 18,0)0 4 7 21 32 " ' 5,500 " 22,712 1 3 51 55 * Telephone fire alarm system. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS 111 Geo. V, 1921 TABLE 4 — Fire and Police Departments — Continued. Name of City or Town Casualties Due to Firte Causes of Fires. To Fire Staff To other Persons Licbtiig Childrtm under 12 years Persons 12 years Killed No. Injured No. Elec- tricity No. Gas No. KUled No. Injured No. lulled No. Injured No. Oil No. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal. Que. . Toronto. Ont.. Winnipeg, Man. . Vancouver. B.C Quebec. Que.. Hamilton. Ont Ottawa, Ont.... 19 20 0.) _ 121 43 1 31 1 - 2 11 56 23 - 9 - 1 2 4 11 - - 134 1 2 2 10 M - _ 45 - - 2 1 _ 1 - 1 — 1 - 39 20 " 2 " " " " 14 1 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary, .\lta Edmonton, Alta. Halifax, N.S St. John, N.B.... London, Ont Victoria. B.C.... _ 7 10 - 9 - - - - 11 8 10 - _ _ _' _ \ _ _ 5 - - - — 16 3 - 2 - - - - 3 4 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Rei;ina, Sask Brantford. Ont Windsor, Ont Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon. Sask Sydney. N.S Three Rivers, Que. 1 - - - - 6 2 2 1 - 1-22 1 1 - - - 7 - - - - 1 - 3 - GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont Moosejaw, Sask Sberbrooke, Que Peterborough , Ont Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. . . Kitchener. Ont Fort William, Ont St. Catharines. Ont St. Thomas, Ont Westmount. Que Moncton. N.B Stratford, Ont Guelph, Ont Lachine. Que New Westminster, B.C. Port Arthur, Ont Samia, Ont Brandon, Man Niagara Falls, Ont Outremont. Que Gait, Ont Belleville, Ont St. Boni/ace, Man Charlottetow-n. P.E.I... Lethbridge, Alta New Glasgow, N.S Owen Sound. Ont Amherst, N.S Medicine Hat, Alta St. Hyacinthe, Que Woodstock, Ont Levis. Que : : 10 6 1 : 3 : : ; 25 4 2 - 2 ; \ 1 1 1 6 6 10 1 3 1 - 1 2 2 - : 1 2 5 3 2 1 4 2 1 I 2 : ; : : : : 1 : 1 .] 1 2 2 Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 4 — Fire and Police Departments. — Continued. Causes of Fires " Fires extinguished by Struct- ural defects Heating Arson Other Unknown Hand ertin- guishers Chemical stre*"""* only Water streams only Chemical and water streams Other No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 11 417 8 1,456 - 499 8 854 3 319 3 203 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. . 31 329 37 J , J 424 J 17 52 2 505 26 - 170 85 50 - 4 23 1 214 34 59 34 14 6 _ 6 - - - 211 6 26 175 32 - 6 10 - 159 - 145 30 93 2 _ 11 6 1 110 - 50 49 12 26 - GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 1 125 23 90 - 6 - 85 - 189 - 65 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 6 28 10 1 21 22 8 i 5 14 1 40 11 39 16 4 19 _ 11 _ 131 18 77 13 24 8 6( 10 25 1 79 17 48 53 IE - 6 - 41 - 20 26 20 11 _ 6 16 - 102 24 40 41 _ 5 6 - IS 13 24 1 20 3 _ - 52 - - 5 11 2 14 - 1 - ^ - ' - ^ - 1 - I I - I 1 - I - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - S _ 51 6 4 17 7 3 _ - - - - - 9 7 7 9 _ - 15 - 4 60 37 4 41 5 _ 10 10 1 15 5 15 10 15 5 _ - 26 - 161 10 6 21 51 11 _ 5 6 - 30 6 10 9 24 1 _ 9 24 49 6 - 4 13 8 - - 12 - - 17 8 - 30 _ - 7 - 1 23 11 - 24 - - 4 9 1 14 6 6 _ 41 _ _ 2 42 - 54 2 15 40 39 10 - 35 6 7 - 26 . 1 1 1 I 1 - - - 14 15 7 11 11 2 _ 1 2 - 67 31 - 13 5 2C - 23 - 6 1 I ~ I 1 _ 1 3 - 31 15 2 11 18 10 _ - 53 - 13 7 75 - 4 _ _ - 4 - 23 - 10 _ 11 _ _ 5 35 " " 4 - 15 - - ^ Included with chemical and water streams. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS 111 Geo. V, 1921 TABLE 4 — Fire and Police Departments. — Continued. LottSOD Property Insurance on Property Police Department. Constables Name of City or Town Buildings $ Contents i Buildings t Contents $ On beat or poet No. Mounted on bicycle No Mounted on horses No. Mounted on motor- cjcle GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal, Que. Toronto. Ont.. Winntpect Man Vancouver, B.( Quebec, Que... Hnniilton. Ont Ottawa. Ont... 815,049 769,232 . 617 5 1.522,856 a - 1,337,010 229 75 18 173,923 256,511 5,775,035 5,091.806 13(1 - - 167,143 436.516 2.698,400 3.877.778 117 - 2 255,628 453.517 2,765,015 1.505.300 74 - 6 84,258 < 167,374 1.016,119 '2.336,595 72 - - 71,202 103,078 2,101,540 1,404,803 41 5 2 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary, .Mta. . . EdjTionton. Alta Halifai, N.S.... St. John, N.B. London, Ont... . A'ictoria, B.C. 46,374 96,574 8 _ 165,527 • 166,443 0 ~ 200,000 31,813 61.081 . 33,982 49.672 1.634.600 753,525 43 . 4 5.481,705 34 1 3 6 902,900 62 - - 3 s _ 43 - 1 1,375.450 1.647,950 37 - _ 863.470 925,975 37 - - GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Ucffina, Sask... . Brantford, Ont. . Windsor, Ont — Verdun, Que Hull. Que Saskatoon, Sask Sydney, N.S.... Three Rivers, Qi 20,324 18,287 23,506 10,935 7,008 18,489 95,000 26.003 15.692 557,450 329,925 23 1 15.265 .581,700 894,000 12 ^ 7 65.000 389,3,50 351,400 21 - - 7.. 393 7,000 4,400 17 - - 4.083 66,275 12,825 10 - - 397.493 124,800 1,419.572 6 - 22,000 - - 12 - 15,227 102,910 30,730 = 22 . " GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont Moosejaw, Sask Sherbrooke, Que Peterborough, Ont Sault Ste. Marie. Ont.. Kitchener, Ont Fort William, Ont St. Catharines, Ont St. Thomas, Ont Westmount, Que. . Moncton, N.B.. Stratford. Ont.... Guelph. Ont Lachine. Que.. New Westminster, B.C Port .\rthur. Ont Samia, Ont Brandon, Man Niagara Falls, Ont Outremont, Que Gait, Ont Belleville. Ont St. Boniface, Man Charlotte town, P.E.I. . Lethbridge, Alta New Gh'sgow, N.S Owen Sound, Ont Amherst, N.S Medicine Hat, Alta St. Hyacinthc, Que Woodstock, Ont Levis, Que ' Combination patrol-ambulance, ' These men are also fireme buildings and contents. • Seven of the regulars mounted at night, buildinas. 30,665 24.761 214.700 96,700 9 _ _ 7,869 22,386 3 - 3 10 - 1 87,421 ' 730.700 ' 10 - - 11,402 24.576 - - 7 - 23,472 41,519 243.200 148,000 10 3 - 11,848 21,614 522.887 736,980 5 - 245, 150 218.154 529.650 339,200 11 - 36,914 35,968 84,400 105,400 6 - - • 7.106 ' 6,801 1 12 ~ I 7,924 25.323 106.425 140,500 12 4 : ~ . _ - 66,375 147, 178 6 - - 6 20.967 8 - 104,575 14 - - 6 _ 8.866 6 491,000 6 - - 91.493 44.348 4,024,750 8,331,405 10 - - 10.552 6.850 67.000 3,300 3 1 - 5,865 3.451 314.100 18,850 6 1 - 27,214 33.594 21,214 27,894 8 - - 16.928 6,365 - - 20 - - 30.00C 18,000 41.231 * - 3 - - 6 - 10,014 « 74,800 4 - - 5.000 7,660 J J 4 ^6 - - . 27,390 . 10,030 I _ 12.000 12,000 12.325 12,100 4 - - e 299.300 180,750 116,000 4 - - 1.935 2,700 3 3 - 2 - - 11,890 6,050 11,890 6,050 3 - - 1,000 3,000 1,000 3,000 10 - - 9,159 11,611 21,000 27.825 3 - - 5,000 600 3,600 600 10 " ~ Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 4 — ^Fire and Police Departments. — Concluded. Police Department. Total staff. including Chief, etc. Horses No. Bicycles No. Motor- cyles No. Patrols -Ambulances Motor propelled No. Horse drawn No. Motor pro- pelled No. Horse drawn No. GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 42 63 1.047 3S 20 5 12 1 7 ■^ij 36 654 21 ■ 75 20 5 3 - 15 29 S 214 _ 9 8 2 1 _ 2 16 16 205 2 - 5 1 - 1 - 3 6 26 118 6 — , - - 1 1 1 10 11 110 1 6 2 1 2 1 2 - 7 6 78 2 27 4 1 " ~ ~ 3 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 12 8 71 s 2 ,1 12 9 73 5 3 2 _ _ _ 'i 3 7 72 - - - - - - 3 8 55 1 - - J _ 1 — _ 3 5 Ai - - - r - - 1 ' ' " ~ '! ~ ~ - 9 2 1 - - 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 I 1 ' 1 1 1 1 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 2 12 , 0 17 1 3 - - - — _ _ 2 14 2 _ _ 2 _ ] 3 14 - 4 - - - - - - - 1 2 18 6 16 ; 3 2 1 : : : 1 - 1 I 9 8 21 14 8 8 .2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 -\ 1 9 15 10 : 2 :' 1 1 1 = 2 1 - 2 13 8 10 10 • 24 5 - 2 5 1 1 - - 2 1 - - - - - - - 1 1 1 2 2 ; 1 1 : : " i I 12 " 1 6 " ~ ~ ~ 1 1 1 2 1 - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - ^4 • - 4 - - - - 1 I 1 } 10 10 1 : : : 1 : 1 I - - 4 12 9 2 - - 1 - - i used for fire department. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS. [11 Geo. V, 192 Name of City or Town Compulaory Taxation. General Property Tai Arrears, inc. Penalties ant Interest Thereon GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal. Que 7,827,396 21 5,428,540 96 3,063.906 79 1,140.719 33 2,532,052 00 2,454,967 00 4.240,921 44 240,000 00 353,493 73 205,530 56 279,610 00 12.702 32 1,103,833 60 412,327 94 140,514 00 300,299 76 - 6,810 75 Vancouver, B.C Ottawa, Ont 68,168 10 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgarj-, Alta... Kdmonton, Alta HlOifar, N.S.... St. John, N.B... London, Ont. . . . Victoria, B.C. . . 2.736,987 51 2,294,896 00 594,914 66 854,683 42 648,697 23 955,378 48 237,096 77 1,068,198 60 155.123 31 45,078 15 115.131 50 310,763 84 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Regina, Sask Brantford, Ont.. Windsor, Ont Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask Sydney, N.S.... Three Rivers, Qi 904.100 23 436,792 00 693,267 31 110.971 84 160.602 90 538,731 38 271,806 66 160.651 99 264,541 74 51,406 85 32,215 51 146,057 07 91,743 00 139.450 53 7,208 31 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston. Ont 310.405 63 329.350 51 229,383 12 373.116 98 233,682 45 245,111 80 852,466 57 553,864 45 300.253 00 490,813 95 399. 172 80 370,373 73 281,226 66 182,434 38 407.832 00 368,016 95 295,685 69 331,605 83 239.. 500 39 '1 148.759 85 2'15.S:!5 71 273.829 26 " 510.815 78 114.000 00 320,525 60 67,103 38 122.013 36 95,.6S2 19 195.856 73 40.244 92 106.663 48 31,735 42 1.000 00 165.913 98 91.817 90 5,157 23 108,408 37 20,850 50 85,359 89 34,334 17 62,180 46 124,886 66 24,895 77 2,275 92 67,658 30 33.469 04 21.216 44 53.564 75 232.610 95 30.412 95 » 7,828 33 37,934 40 59,031 45 82,080 23 31/389 75 16,017 92 23», 188 53 19,852 07 261,553 58 96 81 12,643 87 24,362 60 57,116 95 35.890 34 54,874 67 93,736 00 43,666 11 58,171 79 72.940 33 137,761 45 72,140 89 35,201 93 " 70,300 44 31,760 77 » 12^,244 29 32,589 70 7,781 91 14,938 07 11,208 42 24,110 78 72 62 24,575 68 - Sherbrooke, Que '. Peterborough. Ont 11,381 39 12,500 00 8,641 55 Fort William . Ont 392 80 St. Catharines, Ont St. Thomas, Ont 998 72 75,510 09 _ Gueiph. Ont - New Westminster, B.C '• 80,615 09 Samia, Ont Niagara Falls, Ont " 49,865 47 Gait. Ont Belleville. Ont _ Charlottetown, P.E.I 5,131 89 1,058 5( Amherst , N.S 19,006 0( „ 1 Not separated see total taxation. 'Not separated see total licenses. > With Business issuing licenses ' Included in Levy (or current year. ' Baaed on floor space. * Amusement Tax. ' Included in Poll Tax Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS— Continued. Compulsorj- Tasation Licenses ■Other Special Taxes Xon-business Business Not 1 1 Total Business Total PoU Income Rental Other Compulsory Issuing Issuing Dog Other Licenses. Tax Tai Taxation Special Taxation Taxation Licenses Licenses Licenses General Licenses $ ots.l S cts 1 S cts. $ cts $ cts.l S cts S cts S cts S cts S cts. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. _ . 1.267,302 44 45.029 63 13. .ISO. 649 72 4,984 00 202.981 17 36.842 00 2S6.607 67 531,414 84 I - 1 - I 1 - 20.032,032 58 2 - 2 _ 2 _ 121.086 45 - - 375.436 00 619,895 42 7.534.516 73 i - t - S - 111.430 00 - - - - 3.811.728 46 196.126 34 3 _ 2,845 75 - 19S.972 09 - - - - 1.346,249 89 15,897 60 — - 41,326 75 60.224 35 16.660 OO - 2,722 00 - 2,971,55SO0 - - 2,164 00 22,080 00 24.244 00 ~ 145.827 92 237.880 31 - 3,219,845 41 - - 4.427 00 28,885 00 33,312 OO GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to lOO.OOo! _ _ _ , 3,395,524 19 _ _ 4,226 00 40,957 21 45.183 21 - 106.837 &4 155.992 35 - 3,726,924 59 39,680 20 - 5,240 50 1,103 75 46.024 45 5,000 CO - 2.000 00 36.500 00 ■ 856,825 33 , 6,000 00 — 2,000 oe 22,000 00 30,000 00 - - - - 965,610 61 - - - 1,178 00 21,185 09 22.363 09 3.130 00 57,364 72 413 26 - 948,259 51 - - 4.332 00 12,724 75 17,056 75 - - - 7.570 00 1,311,067 05 - 3.783 50 44,195 50 47,979 00 GROUP III— Citie s having a Population of 25,00 0 to 50,000. 763 00 _ - 1,058 47 2,224.551 86 . _ 1.003 00 16,474 00 17,477 m 2,240 00 32,&10 00 - 563.615 00 3,718 00 - 824 00 - 4. 512 00 - - - - 812. 142 20 - - 2,023 00 2,934 25 4,937 25 - - - - 240.697 15 9,506 25 7,938 46 2 _ - 17.444 71 - - 7,869 62 8,003 83 176.476 35 6.831 33 - 351 00 _ 7,182 33 1,779 00 4,491 54 - - 935,278 35 22,216 65 339,916 48 1,876 00 _ 64,009 la 46.000 00 * - - - 369.213 51 - - 300 00 1,750 00 2,050 00 2,521 45 " 12.817 56 10,936 99 257,158 15 14.194 25 - 1.068 00 5,195 00 20,457 25 GROUP IV— Citie 3 having a Population of 10,00 9 to 25,000. 2,M2 00 59.543 60 65145 21,420 06 420.325 34 . _ 6,427 00 6,427 00 1.240 00 1,925 99 - 28,179 37 583.726 80 55,260 79 » - 2,763 35 10,301 40 68,325 54 1,214 70 - 10,895 61 ' 13,479 92 346.791 25 20,473 23 16,020 67 488 00 2,338 30 39.320 20 2.605 00 15.973 55 42.24S &4 421 96 487,795 09 - - 606 00 4.18S 00 4.794 00 4,244 00 87.622 04 974 00 556 58 502,872 11 5,761 50 - 892 00 6.653 50 2,775 00 11,995 94 - - 383,110 79 - - 861 00 2,177 05 3,038 05 5,830 00 7 _ - « 3,6S0 62 947.729 88 - - - 7,336 10 7,336 10 2,774 00 * - - 11 _ n - - 1.415 60 6,033 75 7,449 35 1,030 00 - - 308 52 363.771 98 1,745 50 » - 300 00 2.043 50 - - - 3,197 92 738.074 73 1,904 50 6,450 10 1,380 25 _ 9,734 85 - - - - 424.068 57 - - 440 00 3,050 32 3,49C 32 870 00 1.608 37 - 12.095 55 445.395 36 2.970 50 _ 2,970 50 2,430 00 - - - 283,656 66 _ 1,090 30 3,144 75 4,235 05 - - ■ - 12,704 85 262,797,53 - - 900 00 7,994 15 8,894 15 - - - 9 1,465 60 515,706 97 7,950 50 - 565 00 8,515 50 4,830 00 - - - 612.439 93 - _ 1,152 45 3,320 00 4,472 45 400 00 - - - 349.650 44 - - 415 00 2,893 34 3,338 34 - - 24.354 10 2,100 00 662.811 77 5,587 25 _ 1,685 75 7,273 00 1.605 00 - - - 306,720 27 2,385 00 - 880 00 — 3,265 00 - - 11.189 65 - 287,532 40 1,198 50 2,490 87 594 00 _ 4,283 37 1,050 00 42.601 51 225 00 - 329,407 39 832 95 1,652 77 2,485 72- 800 00 - - - 333,660 71 - - 434 00 4,027 20 4,461 20 - - - - 712. 5S0 12 s - s - 2 _ 1 - 3,859 50 4.000 00 - - - lis. 000 00 - - 480 00 17,000 OO 17,480 00 1.291 50 - - - 390. 92S 44 - - 2 - 6,375 96 6,375 96 2.740 45 1.457 50 - - 95.101 16 - - 826 00 891 00 1,717 00 454 00 1.171 00 - ■> 1,004 64 373. 82S 10 1.731 97 _ 410 10 2,142 07 5.127 59 * - - - 131.870 27 - - 323 00 231 65 534 65 - - - 13,377 35 494. 89S 44 - _ 1,259 00 5,310 50 6,569 50 962 10 - 16,886 56 13,408 18 90.574 44 10,120 OO - 488 00 _ 10,608 00 390 00 ■* - - 131,725 97 - _ 698 00 1,434 75 2,132 75 2.886 55 " 11.278 66 947 88 59,492 38 5.241 00 3,420 98 172 00 - 8,833 98 ' Including Commutation taxes. ' Road Tai. w Including Prov. War Tax, Patriotic Purposes Tai, Hospitals, Parks and Libraries. " Less abatements of $411.34. " Less discount of $6,560.18. " Railway Tai. » Not given. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS— CoK^inutt/. Ill Geo. V, 1921 Namo of City or To Highway Privileges or Gas Compaoies GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal, Que 4.008 50 3.220 50 2.833 11 2. 566 00 106.500 00 75,935 00 16,452 85 ' 38,292 75 567,013 35 86.447 93 59.077 00 - _ \'ancouver. B.C : Quebec. Que Hamilton, Ont Dttawii. Ont ; Calgary, Alta. .. . Edmonton, .\lta, Halifai, N.S .■ndon, Ont , . , , Victoria, B.C.. GROtn' II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. ■1,289 70 1,243 00 * 770 00 2,258 28 14.400 00 12,544 87 _ 4 _ _ _ _ QROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Kegina. Sask , HrantforU. Ont Winclso r , Ont \'erdun. Que Hull, Que •Saskatoon, 8ask , . , Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Que. T88 10 1,651 00 2.861 30 252 70 1.000 00 2,204 85 215 50 2,250 00 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont Moose jaw, Sask Sherbrooke. Que. Peterborough, Ont Sault Ste. Marie, Ont . Kitchener, Ont Fort WiHiam,Ont St. Catharines, Ont St. Thomas. Ont Westmount , Que Moncton, N.B Stratford, Ont Gueiph, Ont I^acbine, Que New Westminster, B.C. Port Arthur, Ont Sarnia, Ont Brandon, Man Niagara Falls, Ont Outremont, Que Gait, Ont Belleville. Ont . St. Boniface, Man Charlottetown, P.K ! Lethbridge, Alta . New Glasgow, N.S 0*en Sound. Ont Amherst, N.S Medicine Hat. Alta St. Hyacinthe, Que...'.. Woodstock, Ont 1-evis, Que , 182 50 785 49 237 05 325 25 826 14 453 25 75 00 70 00 1 Under this heading are placed rentals, of conduits under streets occupied by Electric Light and Power Co's Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS— ConKnuerf. Telegraph and Telephone Companies Other Privileges or Franchises Total Fees for Permits. Privileges or Franchises Fines, Forfeits and Escheats Commercial Forfeits and Escheats Total Fines. Forfeits and Escheats GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 48.102 38 .818,886 73 109.720 50 108,263 10 275,224 361 326,828 621 30,000 00 130.092 93| i,224 361 i,828 621 1,000 OOi 1,092 93! 88,617 17 289,234 78 800 00 14.294 85 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 27.7t4 87 2,258 28 9.611 47 7.646 19 6,500 00 6,121 66 24,466 94 9,611 47| 7,546 19 6,500 00 6,121 66 24,466 94 14,841 96 18.875 52 8,623 54 2,970 00 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 788 10 1,651 OOl 3.S61 30| 252 70 2,743 851 2.250 001 215 50 6,661 15 8.552 00 17,369 83 3.644 20 5,609 00 3.852 00 30,000 00 3,663 48 6,661 15, 8,552 OO; 17,369 83, 3,644 20 5.609 00 3,852 00 30.000 00 3.663 48 75,196 71 760 00 1,400 00 4,186 00 8.014 67 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. _ . 6,638 15 _ 6.638 15 5,927 73 - - 735 40 3,732 35 - 3,732 35 2,032 92 — - 309 25 2,687 5C - 2,687 5( 381 58 - - - 4.624 8C - 4,624 8C 245 35 - 548 40 1,642 40 34,418 75 - 34,418 75 lis 84 - w - 6,841 25 - 6.841 25 - - - 500 00 33,804 86 - 33,804 86 - - 5.767 86 - 5,767 86 399 01 - - 3.981 25 - 3,981 25 3,815 67 - 602 88 1,785 38 1.947 50 - 1.947 50 1,175 50 — - - 6.081 75 - 6,081 75 - - - 785 49 1.768 87 - 1,768 87 2,260 20 - - - 4,744 55 - 4,744 55 - - - 426 25 2.063 65 _ 2,063 65 _ — — 1,237 05 8.271 95 - 8,271 95 36.236 31 - - 325 25 16,476 75 - 16,476 75 2,325 67 - - 826 14 2,262 85 - 2,262 85 1,072 00 - - - 276 00 - 276 OC 1,676 48 - - 162 00 16,431 00 - 16,431 OG 750 00 112 00 - 577 00 551 21 2 00 553 21 2,120 05 - — 1,140 00 1.683 25 1,683 25 300 00 - — 2,714 61 2,714 61 1,041 70 — — 453 25 399 55 - 399 55 4,300 00 - — 75 00 1,500 00 - 1.500 00 _ - — 70 00 1,968 68 s 1.065 60 3.034 28 570 00 - — 649 04 9.536 42 - 9,536 42 - - - 83 00 1.791 52 4 43 1,795 95 1,058 09 — - - 424 00 - 424 00 1,867 00 - — 222 10 764 50 - 764 50 300 00 - 6,327 00 960 45 - 960 45 _ - - 148 50 2,326 95 _ 2,326 95 _ " - 33 00 367 00 " 367 00 3,219 00 '• Included in Elect. Light and Power Co's ' Included in other general licenses. 28 DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS— Continued. Ill Geo. V, 1921 Name of City or Town. Municipally Owned Public Services. Waterworks System. Electric Lieht and Power. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal, Que. . . Toronto, Ont WinnipeK, Man. Vancouver, B.C Quebec, Que Hamilton, Ont. . Ottawa, Ont 436,241 35 4911,404 82 435,31(1 00 380,073 56 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary, Alta... KdinoDton, Alta. HaliJai, N.S.... St. John, N.B... London, Ont .... Victoria, B.C . . . GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Regina, Sask — Brantford, Ont. . Windsor, Ont — Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask Svdnev, N.S... Three Rivers, Q 75,937 OS 83,748 74 132.828 12 63,710 0(1 70,723 82 68,049 67 392,488 60 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont Mooseiaw, Sask Sherbrooke, Que Peterborough, Ont Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.. Kitchener, Ont Fort William, Ont St. Catharines, Ont St. Thomas. Ont Westmount, Que Moncton, N.B Stratford. Ont Guelph, Ont Lachine, Que New Westminster, B.C, Port Arthur, Ont Samia, Ont Brandon, Man Niagara Falls, Ont Outreniont, Que Gait, Ont Belleville, Ont St. Boniface, Man Charlottetown. P.E.I.., Lethbridge, Alta New Glasgow, N.S Owen Sound, (j)nt Amherst, N.S Medicine Hat, .\lta St. Hyacinthe. Que Woodstock, Ont Levis, Que 140, 8&4 71 78,679 42 06,880 19 106.236 44 77,651 76 55,658 72 76.448 33 56,724 35 82.376 64 51,425 68 49,247 09 35,975 75 20,162 25 105,857 83 37,741 54 26,902 16 27,929 40 88,626 99 59,367 00 34,464 25 49,658 45 270,560 82 216,095 49 127.401 71 203.759 3: 124,929 28 107,989 9; 116,352 55 173,438 35 125,303 00 82,991 65 103,779 51 172,016 79 70,649 06 7,562 12 6.000 00 59, OM 67 * Included in By County. ' Including Exhibition, etc. ' IncludingExhibitions and Telephones. * Including Miscellaneous Receipts for Education. ' Included in Elect. Light and Power. ^ Including interest and sinking funds. ' Including Cemeteries and Water Delivery. ■ Including Ferry. Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS— Continiied. Mun cipally Owned Public Set vices. Education Markets and Weigh Scales. Docks and flTian-es Other Public SerWces. Total Public Ser%-ices. Grants and Subventions Pupils Fees. School Taxes Assessment Total Education By By Province. County. S Ct3. $ cts. S cts. S cts. S cts. ? cts. i cts. $ cts. f cts. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 170.974 37 2.253,682 30 _ _ . _ 269,848 42 - =175,007 49 3,671.299 21 104.382 08 - 53,815 62 3.650,000 3,808,197 70 o.OOO OO _ - 5,000 00 - ~ - - - 3.323 44 _ _ 439,554 79 225,215 00 ^ _ _ 225,215 00 - - - 490,404 82 - - - - - 12,015 00 - 447,325 00 1 26,770 06 16.267 70 740,064 00 783,101 76 23,753 63| 703,710 19 - ~ 884,219 00 884,219 00 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 17,426 44 - 175,114 75 2,174,910 76 8,111 00 - '454,198 12 2,187,166 40 67,185 30 - 5,779 15 - « 105,873 69 - - - - 27,838 20 - 390 00 - 28,228 20 18,758 62 159,442 61 44,350 42 444,899 17 - - - - - 17,257 43 _ 205,484 52 267,103 88 29,679 28 _ 10,351 07 • 492,825 13 532.855 48 7,953 4: " 9,837 00 235,991 56 81,841 60 6,981 49 5,262 50 ~ M.085 59 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 680 50 ,_ 921,142 89 20,653 54 . 129 30 395,056 23 415,839 17 5,689 00 - - 390,150 00 8,464 00 6,970 00 4,152 00 163.697 00 183,283 00 3,411 26 - - • 3,411 26 11,188 92 - 13,689 25 267.375 95 * 299.670 25 - - - 143,986 75 - - - - - - - - 83.748 74 - - - - - 5,119 So - ' 29,761 40 812.230 79 41,993 07 - 389 75 448.544 48 * 491.727 30 - - - 63,710 00 2,190 98 8,275 49 200 00 111.922 12 122.588 59 6,158 42 ~ ' 35,788 73 112,670 97 - - GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 730 54 . . 730 54 6,381 00 . 9.144 00 15,525 00 1,622 75 - - 413,068 28 22,121 66 - - 186,920 94 « 212,267 59 19,216 21 - 107,686 33 475,034 57 - _ _ 724 96 - - 193.006 85 6,070 87 - 6.430 55 124,500 00 137.001 42 48 00 - 664 22 204,471 59 ~ - - 205,087 04 205.087 04 3,345 84 - - 4,331 98 5,323 37 3,592 59 3.602 3D 117.936 26 130.454 52 338 45 - 4,497 57 499,866 93 - - - _ ~f 726 00 - 36.200 71 232,938 86 2,900 07 4.272 12 2.152 00 159.235 18 168.559 37 600 00 - 8.903 49 338,193 75 - 3.693 35 _ < 5,855 49 - - - 173,438 35 - - _ — 3,604 00 - - 80,052 33 - 3,038 32 42 00 96,837 60 99,917 93 593 15 - - 593 15 - - _ - 1,538 00 - - 1,538 00 3,710 29 2.595 23 » _ J 102,154 81 - - 98,642 47 - - _ - - 2,913 69 2.319 50 9.920 78 185.508 87 35,918 00 _ 3,532 35 _ 39.450 35 273 55 - - 273 55 - — _ 115,657 69 115,657 69 1,399 70 - - 183,427 05 2,479 90 2,999 66 1,462 00 77,432 10 84,373 66 1,019 60 - 3.882 31 124,910 97 13,970 50 - 798 00 123,000 00 < 138,911 15 859 42 - - 135,276 75 683 74 - - 52,500 00 53,183 74 1,084 35 - _ 154,111 15 _ _ _ 74,145 17 74,145 17 2,212 00 37 ^ 3,493 51 83,941 76 2.557 43 11,606 87 4,203 52 11 _ 18,367 82 110 00 - - 20,272 25 - _ _ _ _ 5,238 00 - - 5,238 00 _ _ _ „ _ 586 03 - " 20,432 54 355,389 69 l.ono 00 _ _ 119,005 90 120,005 90 80 15 - - 37,821 69 1.196 45 2,835 08 280 50 36,093 50 40,405 53 100 00 419 52 - 135,332 89 5,129 65 6,701 40 2,819 95 83,137 42 97,788 42 - - - 27,929 40 810 80 3,655 41 15 00 28,500 00 * 35,850 79 1,785 65 - - 277, 669 81 - - - 5.889 00 - - 71,256 00 - _ _ - 1,933 69 - 5,862 Oi 101,324 63 2,088 39 5,636 74 5,090 52 54,726 91 67,542 56 589 45 3,376 00 " 53,623 90 " " 1" Property of Montreal Tramwaj-a, Light, Heat and Powe ' Included in \xriy for Current Year. Go's. " Coal DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS— Conttnued. Ill Geo. V, 1921 Pcnsiona or Superannuation Asacsamenta. Name of City or Town. Teachers and School Employeea. Firo Brigade. Police. Total Pen- Other sions or Civic .Supcrannu- Employccs. tion Assoss- iiienta. $ cts. t cts. t eta. t cts. t ct.. GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 61.208 89 36.369 06 65.638 62 vancc^r.B.c::::::::;:::::::::::::;:::::::::::::':: _ _ GROXn> II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. : 7.296 99 - _ Halilai. N.S St. John, N.B _ Victoria, B.C GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. - : j _ Hull, Que ^ _ Sydnev, N.S _ _ GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 2.071 37 1,079 03 1,106 82 516 34 1.085 31 : _ _ _ _ _ _ Fort William. Ont St. Catharines, Ont 2.071 37 1.079 03 ■ Guelph, Ont. Lachine. Que ■. - New Westminster, B.C - 1,106 82 Brandon, Man _ _ _ Belleville. Ont _ _ Charlottetown, P.E.I Lethbridge, Alta : -_ _ 516 34 _ 8t. Hyacinthe, Que _ 1.085 31 Levis, Que : ' Including City grant. Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS— Coniimied. Donations and Gifts for Pension or Benefit Funds. For Teachers. For Fire Brigade. For Police. For Charities and Institutions. For Play Grounds and Recreation. For All Other. Total Donations and Gifts for Pension or Benefit Funds. .J cts. t cts. t CIS. t cts. t cts. t cts. S cts GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. - 1 28,079 50 1 10,633 40 227,629 54 : 355 00 227, 9S4 54 38.712 90 : : - 102, 144 00 : : 102, 144 OG GROXn> II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. : : : : : : 225 00 : ■ : : : 225 00 ■ ' " " ' " " GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. : ; ; _ - ; : : I ] 251 92 190 40 : 442 32 1 1,000 : : 1,000 00 1,000 00 1.000 00 : : - 358 38 ; " 358 38 ' Included in Police. DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS— Continued. Ill Geo. V. 1921 f of City or Town Libraries, Museunts uid Art Galleries Street clouning, sprinkling and BDOW clearing Sanitation and Sowers and sewage dispoaal GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000 432 50 1,200 00 26,880 00 42,323 S4 8,029 16 48,981 41 2,138 00 Toronto, Ont 48 80 Vancouver. B.C - _ _ GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgar>-, Alta... Edntonton, Alta Halifai, N.S St. John, N.B... London, Ont Victoria, B.C.. . - - - 1,S82 60 2,850 45 46,703 73 1,017 40 1,147 02 3,319 10 35,918 63 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25.000 to 50,000. Kegina, Sask Brantford, Ont Windsor, Ont Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask. . . Sydney. N.S Three Rivers, Que 8,610 61 23.590 S2 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 10,730 82 450 00 6,792 18 437 23 39 74 479 18 3.133 61 563 77 96 84 11.430 68 15.401 44 no 00 _ _ 1.066 01 300 00 _ I St. Thomas. Ont _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Brandon. Man ... .. . _ _ s _ Gait, Ont > Belleville. Ont _ _ Charlottetown, P.E.I - New Glasgow. N.S 999 40 Amherst, N.S 2.302 33 St. Hvacinthe, Que - 3 _ _ ' Including Public Baths. ''Including Fees from Cemeteries. * Included in Education. ^ Earnings. I Included in X^vy for Current Year. Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE S.— RECEIPTS— Continued. Promotion of Cleanliness Fees from Hospitals 5 cts. Fees from other Institutions $ cts. Xon-revenue Receipts Garbage or refuse collection and disposal S cts. Other Sanitation S cts. Total Sanitation and Promotion of Cleanliness S eta. Sinking Funds S cts. Hefunds correcting paymenu S cts. GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 42 00 3,102 94 23,066 03 7S7 95 I 10,100 00 43,291 49 11,180 90 10,100 00 23,066 03 19.755 74 38.000 00 ' 26,710 00 939,363 22 4,993,334 84 753 00 128 21 - 49,109 62 159.017 00 8,189 20 8,944 00 383,311 00 208,979 98 I GROUP II— Cities having a PopiUation of 50,000 to 100,000. 3,172 45 465 13 1,147 02 110,887 12 43.973 06 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 8.565 00 1,162 95 9,727 95 175,931 64 . 340,016 47 ' - ^ 3 - 45,420 00 - 20.376 00 _ - - - - - 9.341 00 - - - - - 6.814 27 _ - - 2,950 50 - - _ 272 00 5.547 00 5,819 00 105,056 75 _ 5 21,957 11 - - 41.822 42 - _ " " 68,466 68 " - - - GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 12.370 65 - 12,370 63 42,786 92 _ _ _ - - - - - 57,000 OC _ - - 606 60 - 17,427 22 148 60 612 00 55 30 967 30 - - 17.562 54 _ - _ 759 90 _ _ * - . > - » 274 00 41 OC — _ 169 60 - 266 44 365 09 _ _ 799 01 2. 108 OO 14,337 69 - 69.261 63 - : : : : : 139.395 02 ; 2.199 90 377 30 2,577 40 : - 3 ; - 1,777 97 - 1,777 97 t - _ ' 672 85 _ - - - - - 123 06 _ - - - 2,736 00 1,730 46 3.871 03 20 00 3 : : ; ' : : 12.982 34 - ' - - : 174, 134 67 - _ _ 15,401 44 _ _ 72 00 - 72 00 - _ _ _ - - - - - 6,783 00 _ - - 1,109 40 - -^ 208.233 39 948 44 - - - - - 33,330 66 1,329 90 16,141 79 797 00 - - • 3 J - _ 17.072 76 _ " " ' Included in Other Property Tax. 34 DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS [11 Geo. TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS.— Conrtnuerf. Name of City or Town Non-reveni^ Receipts. Interest S cts specified Total Non-revenue Receipts Aliscellaneou^ Receipts GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal, Que... Toronto, Ont — Winnipeg, Man. Vancouver, B.C Quebec, Que — Hamilton, Ont. . Ottawa.Ont . . GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100.000. Calgary, Alta... Edmonton. Alta. Halifax, N.S .. . St.John, N.B... Jjondon, Ont . . . Victoria. B.C. . . 107,183 81 569,758 72 64,655 18 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Regina, Sask Brantford, Ont. . . Windsor, Ont Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask.. Sydney- N. S Three Rivers, Qu 8,294 63 5,669 30 2,399 67 38,225 25 402,961 94 63,166 00 19,711 61 16,922 00 7,910 11 60,182 36 3,791 14 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont 12,099 42 . 12,099 42 . Moosejaw, Sask. - - - - Sherbrooke, Que 2.534 35 13.099 02 72,033 97 - Peterborough, Ont 37,972 00 225,683 94 281,231 76 666 96 Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. . 8,857 84 - 25,420 38 - Kitchener, Ont - - - - Fort William, Ont 1,668 34 "> 38.853 22 40,521 56 " 124.463 IC St. Catharines, Ont - ~ - - St. Thomas, Ont. ., 3,415 86 1,123 71 4,539 57 287 65 Westmount. Que - . 7,771 85 - 77,033 30 - - - - - SUatlord.Ont - 686.691 89 826. 2S6 91 - 2,723 76 11,637 72 14.361 48 _ _ 672 85 Sarnia, Ont — 5,406 38 _ 5,. 529 44 Brandon, Man . 7.040 00 - 10,931 05 - Niagara Falls, Ont. . . 154 26 5.311 78 18,448 38 - Outremont, Que - - - 45.444 22 Gait, Ont . - - - - Belleville. Ont 21,357 51 » 135,000 00 330,512 18 - St. Boniface, Man. - - - 3.103 3i Charlottetown, P.E.I - - - - Lethbridge, Alta . . - - - 159 2( - 6,809 63 13,592 63 - Owen Sound. Ont . 30.897 66 6,833 51 246,883 20 - Amherst. N.S - _ 35,350 66 10.258 7( Medicine Hat, Alta . . - _ St. Hyacinthe, Que 3,516 45 4,328 66 7,845 11 - Woodstock, Ont 4.569 6t 1.438 3S 25,927 97 " 12.315 08 362 17 3,482 55 3.844 72 1 IncludinE Exchange. - Including Bank Overdraft. ' Accrued. * Included in Levy for Current Year. * Sold. • Including Hypothecation of Debentures. ' Including Loans Transferred, Victory Relief Act and Capital Sam Commuted. * Including Proceeds and Notes for Waterworks. » Premium. ^'^ncluding TrLst Act. MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 5.— RECEIPTS.— Co«ciu^e(i. Total Ordinary Receipts Extraordinary Receipts Special Debentures or Bonds Interest S cts. Other Extraordinarj^ Receipts Total Eztraordinarj- Receipts Grand Total Ordinarj' and Extraordinary Receipts S cts. GROXJP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000- 20,618,253 00 16,582,388 10 16,625,769 73 291.147 11 264,339 16 33,763.644 10 54,381,897 10 38,433,669 03 3,298,410 88 - 1 169.429 39 - 8 151,777 23 - 4,959,836 57 _ _ - - 4,959,836 57 1.908,656 61 2,888.080 56 _ - - 2,888,080 56 4,796.737 17 5,057.828 76 875,630 00 26,513 00 127.733 00 = 1,244,448 00 2.274.324 00 0,771,192 04 236,934 90 596,858 90 > 16,679 SS| 850,473 68 6,621,665 72 PtROXJP TI— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 5.711.241 90 6,102,772 72 921,553 53 1,639,762 55 2,591,932 35 1.8.39.281 55 32.245 31 188.456 78 1.383,732 91 617,000 00 ' 757,485 96 197,599 61 5.711.241 90' 7,486,505 63 921.. 153 53 2,256,762 55. 3.349,418 31 2,036,881 16 GROXJP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 4,250,862 70 72.266 00 5,000 00 11,919 36 13,291 18 102.476 54 4,353,3.39 24 1,261,139 00 - 70.493 00 916.748 00 2,177.887 00 - - 295,076 62 1,487,600 32 440,331 42 6,187 50 - 235,687 SO 696.018 92 284,200 58 13.400 00 25,432 34 1,595 00 » 51,250 00 91,677 34 375.877 92 2,485.766 42 343,814 61 - ' 3,041 17 - 346,855 78 2.832,622 20 - - - - — 63S.425 66 ' " 115.025 66 536,025 66 1.006,672 36 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 467,673 18 1,349,777 ; 937,158 32 1,113,033 84 983,091 43 528,226 59 1.654.982 33 216.000 00 31.508 18: 217,197 72 1.070,000 00 72,999 96 47 33 1,292 84 102 90 58,641 93 265.000 00 112,000 00 216.000 00 32.787 64 262.341 04 2.648 68 1,201.528 94 337,999 96 579.673 18 1.349,777 27 1,153,158 32 1.145.826 48 1.245.432 47 530.875 27 2,856,511 27 1,280.060 48 396.329 07 387. 185 5.3 808.197 02 758.081 99 631,586 ; 951.256 ! 534.237 14 340.510 25 363.272 I 7/4.699 98 (44.970 06 157.694 44 877.004 65 198.823 47 863.671 07 244.105 55 797.063 14 187,571 001 345,451 89i 129,413 98 196.900 00 67.862 12 70.865 27 126.000 00 79,932 ( 40.920 ; 2,742 73 12.806 62 7.048 23 4.100 00 9.845 00 " 148.739 12 196.030 00 1.074 74 43.883 27 269.341 561 6.366 37 69.617 68 196,030 00 158.940 29 130,100 00 50.595 66 3.000 00 2«.676 50 158.380 00 83.003 32 28.8i)0 00 1.323.943 75 396.329 07 535.924 65 810.939 75 758.081 99 900,928 30 957,623 25 603,854 82 536,340 25 563.272 68 933,640 27 744,970 06 287,794 44 877.004 65 249.419 13 866.671 07 272.782 05 797.063 14 345.931 00 428.453 21 13S.213 98 1 Railway Fire Insurance Damage. i= Bills Payable. 's Accrued Interest and Pretnium * Including Premium on Debentures Sold. ^' Sale of Temporan.- Investments in Gort. Securities. ' Cash on hand January 1. 1920. " Housing Scheme. »» Temporary loans. 7610—3) 36 DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 6.— EXPENDITURE. [11 Geo. V, 1921 Name ot City or Town GcDorat GovernmeDt. Mayor All other and civic Council, officiaU Buildinga. mcludmg and construction. salaries employees. maintenance. Elections and including repairs and allowances salaries and aUowances insurance $ cte S eta $ cts t CIS. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal. Que... Toronto. Ont Winnipeg, Man . . \ancouver, B.C. Quebec. Que Hamilton. Ont.. llttawa, Ont S4.571 22 S7.987 83 26.620 OC 14,600 or 3.000 00 13.810 00 14.87, ,882,210 12 419,525 09 196.106 66 182.537 89 93,523 30 110,511 00 86.729 6o 209.817 48 921,675 90 27,820 00 2.707 64 37,559 49 20,804 18 4,950 00 2,203 88 GROUP II — Cities having a Poptilation of 50,000 to 100,000. Calearj-, .\lta Edmonton. .\lt;i Halifai. X.S . . St. John. X.B 9.988 95 4.200 00 2,000 00 7.000 00 106,907 60 142.553 65 46.078 76 56,575 84 37.304 10 40.298 40 192.650 33 5.314 59 30.971 35 1.526 33 2.931 75 4.000 00 2.707 35 2.432 19 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,i Begins. Sask Brantford. Ont Windapr. Ont Verdun, Que . Bull. Que.. Saskatoon, Sask. Svdney, N.S Three Rivers, Qt 5,333 00 1,500 00 600 00 5,000 00 4,915 S3 1.500 00 500 00 1M.025 32 22, 677 00 23,363 29 12,743 40 23.534 47 62,964 30 15,000 00 20,014 99 10,849 98 665 77 6,838 00 1,269 00 110.923 66 703 30 4,272 45 6,219 48 3,133 21 274 33 9,078 69 534 70 5,000 00 500 OO - 710 46 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 800 Ofl 16.383 00 8.317 00 463 50 4,499 85 43.668 39 -.705 63 971 20 - 19.836 46 795 98 269 83 1,000 00 19.379 83 37.866 26 685 13 Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 1.700 00 21.446 40 3,762 41 517 00 1.000 00 12,840 48 1.131 31 481 82 Fort William, Ont 2.000 00 20,993 47 12.821 03 342 00 1.000 00 29,577 50 - 729 49 St. Thomas. Ont 300 00 13,419 00 13.163 44 669 81 - 74,. 363 61 12,699 25 1,161 91 Moncton, X.B ~ - - - Stratford, Ont 300 00 7.1S7 00 4.615 00 236 00 Guelph, Ont ■ 12,212 23 - - 427 20 4,199 40 16,235 19 26.935 28 853 25 New Westminster, B.C 4,800 00 24,239 85 27.337 61 1,219 93 - 21,005 07 3.333 14 • 1,259 79 - 13.008 22 4.382 07 418 95 2,624 30 21.193 28 7,283 71 1.375 35 Niagara Falls, Ont 1.100 00 13,894 12 - 159 21 34,646 44 2.476 54 600 00 6.444 79 10.467 53 10,058 68 1.000 00 2.236 91 214' 00 310 68 3.532 00 20,344 37 5.077 34 462 48 Charloltetown. P.E.I 324 44 2,878 02 Lethbridge. .-^Ita • - 19.239 00 - 2,085 53 Now Glasgow. N.S - 3,164 00 - 28 21 500 OC 10,596 91 5.007 78 256 11 Amherst, N.S - 11.076 93 1.784 99 62 00 5.100 00 79.333 96 6.S75 78 9.280 04 4.9S9 76 48.802 00 5.301 29 1,639 79 525 00 41 25 310 00 t Included in Public Schools. > Including Sinking Funds and Interest. * Salaries of Mayor and Conunisskmen are charged out against the different departments of the city's business they manage. * Included in Collegiate and ess. No. 171 MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 6.— EXPENDITURE— CoKtiMted. 37 General Gov emment. Education. Other expenditure for General Government Total General Government Public Schools Separate Schools Collegiate and High Schools Technical Schools Libraries, Museums and Art, Galleries Other Educational Expendi- ture. Total Education S cts. $ cts 8 cts $ cts ^ $ cts. i cts S cts. S cts S cts. GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 2,2U,158 31 1,287.472 84 2.677.565 05 52,500 00 6,153 12 4,023,691 01 256.809 36 1,656,802 36 4,356,441 60 1 I -.. 1 - 204,254 62 - 4,560,696 22 55,616 64 311,113 30 1,621,000 00 - ~ - 62,981 36 - 1,583,981 36 33,263 82 235,313 23 n, 230, 245 52 1 - I 1 - 30,000 00 - 1,260,245 53 - 96.523 30 - - - 20,000 00 - - 20,000 00 202,155 00 349,767 00 1,079.756 90 57.378 00 80,622 40 221.791 51 41,000 00 - 1,483.548 81 89,068 59 677,959 03 554,115 00 182,363 14 123,970 00 31,934 00 26,880 00 ~ 919.264 14 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 204,331 45 364,481 15 723,152 89 73,475 57 20,200 00 816,828 46 _ 343,404 IS 577,600 01 90,000 00 141,866 66 40,533 33 30,748 44 144,572 02 1,025,320 46 • - 42,620 OO 385,776 89 - - 2,500 00 4,300 00 9,300 00 401,876 89 11.027 98 65,128 68 262,857 05 I 1 - - 6,683 82 - 269,540 87 51.693 84 143,673 22 361. «0 14 27.447 66 ^9,439 64 58,304 34 20,394 53 47,652 81 604,679 12 13,658 66 59,689 09 339,160 07 ' ' ' 19,983 37 ~ 359,143 44 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 125,270 69 246,144 76 313,264 60 45,426 33 64,161 35 . 22,391 23 _ 445,243 51 32,304 00 121.264 OO 9,476 00 43,783 00 8,760 00 - ~ 183,283 00 12,1S3 10 147,773 35 218.222 29 - 59.914 03 21,696 98 - - 299.833 30 15,.lMi 84 43,622 17 - - - - - _ 1 , oS.i ',19 30,528 02 - _ _ - - _ _ ■22. SM 16 100,348 68 386,830 74 31,363 48 76,329 90 - 8,179 95 700 00 503,404 07 1,000 00 23,000 00 112,681 33 _ 1 1,000 00 - _ 113,681 33 594 87 21,820 32 - - - ' - GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 41,026 15 66,988 65 83,729 11 15,414 14 29,515 60 _ 3,onu 01) _ 131.658 85 - 56,815 27 328 077 74 13,268 57 46,735 85 10.872 37 - 398.954 53 6,869 30 27,791 59 - - - 80 00 1,500 00 150 00 1.730 00 .19,416 32 138,347 54 95,017 68 14,157 00 29,500 00 _ 6,000 00 _ 144,674 68 48,511 51 75,937 32 133,880 23 35,456 72 17,000 00 - 7,000 00 - 193,336 95 4,439 77 19,893 38 108,806 62 16,927 72 35,222 06 * - 6,652 00 - 167,608 39 51,556 11 87,712 61 139,000 00 21,885 28 - - 16,481 05 278.500 00 455,866 33 - - 134,156 26 12,525 82 40.732 33 - 6,862 09 1,860 00 196,136 50 15,232 19 42.984 44 102,000 QO 5,239 47 1 ~ - 4,075 00 1 - 111,314 47 - - - - - 3,541 79 - 3.541 79 - - - - - - - 86,795 60 30,773 18 43.311 18 66,000 00 7,601 07 23,500 00 - 3,000 00 - 100,101 07 - 12,639 43 64,478 13 9,501 71 26,890 88 - 5,999 82 - 106,870 54 55, 165 95 - - - - _ - - 57,617 41 127,137 27 _ _ - 3,736 30 _ 130,873 57 28.893 80 54,711 80 65,402 02 8,143 00 18,923 78 _ 8,527 47 - 100,996 27 - 17,809 24 52,742 75 5,850 09 27,888 23 1,658 56 4,500 00 360 00 92,999 63 891 59 33,370 43 220,282 09 1- 19,945 13 _ 381 42 23,487 71 > 273,311 24 - 15, 153 33 52,500 00 4,449 00 23,740 79 - 4,700 00 - 85,389 79 679 45 37,802 43 - _ - _ _ _ _ 28,935 00 41,216 53 60,000 00 2,145 17 12,000 00 _ 4,260 00 _ 78.405 17 57,340 47 76,391 53 41,069 00 5,000 00 25.468 00 - 3,300 00 18,394 47 93.231 47 7,002 87 36,419 06 - - - _ _ _ - 3,202 46 27,606 01 _ _ _ _ _ 27.606 01 79,118 05 100,462 58 106,000 00 12,845 00 - _ 2,082 07 _ 120,927 07 546 48 3,738 69 38,901 77 - - 1,075 21 428 55 - 40,405 53 323,924 00 340,284 80 66,733 00 2,947 42 25,518 07 8,274 50 5,012 00 3,423 19 111,908 18 - 12,923 94 35,8.50 79 - - _ _ 35,850 79 141,612 96 182,031 07 6,028 96 - _ 3,625 00 191,685 03 - 6.617 03 - - - 221 87 _ _ 221 87 4,274 92 19.366 25 38,408 55 1.775 00 30,386 26 3,646 36 _ 74,216 17 777 23 7.426 78 " " " - - Hii;h Schools. ' \ot separated t ' Included in all other c DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 6— EXPENDITURE— Coniintw'd. [U Geo. V, 1921 Health and Sanitation. Name o( City or Town Street cleaning sprinklinfi and snow removal i cts Sewers. including construction, repairs and cleaning S cts Garbace and rctusp system » cts. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal, Que... Toronto, Ont Winnipeg, Man, . . Vancouver, B.C. Quebec, Que Hamilton, Ont . Ottawa, Ont 721,656 SO ,216,892 S9 129,500 00 76,960 76 215,982 S3 464,473 05 55.173 80 45,283 32 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100.000. Calgary, Alta 70,810 76 38,081 49 48,800 00 56,083 77 38,932 86 17,282 94 32,575 37 50,285 99 22,060 77 96,873 98 26.772 95 80,168 36 56 266 70 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Kegina, Sask Brantford, Ont Windsor, Out Verdun. Que Hull. Que Saskatoon. Sask Sydney, N.S Three Ri\-ers, Que. , 25,288 38 7,862 45 22.300 59 2,133 00 35,768 61 24,876 55 15,313 00 77,229 35 7,189 49 2,245 53 6.425 77 61.530 00 19,890 26 10,223 74 32,961 47 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10.000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont 15,965 00 8,308 00 16.282 52 12,466 15 16.839 31 32.672 43 44,489 03 14,210 66 36,384 01 16.519 23 3.360 00 Peterborough, Ont 12.302 92 Sault Ste. Marie. Ont .'..^ 9,674 02 56.398 82 14,511 04 8.215 13 33,058 67 16,147 07 10,437 53 41,677 75 22,516 26 276 09 1,370 70 5,024 03 12,596 25 Fort William, Ont .. 96,709 60 St. Catharines, Ont 22,906 60 9,422 26 38,559 71 Moncton, X.B 9,307 02 8,575 52 14,217 55 12,633 17 10,436 25 47,267 96 1.500 00 14,537 88 7,393 88 250 00 3,579 72 5.037 17 10,311 SO Port Arthur, Ont 10,295 47 Samia, Ont • 10,978 73 68,200 00 5,968 64 Brandon. Man 6,887 50 1,540 89 18,579 55 Niagar.TFalls.il:,: 4.303 60 1,089 91 8,415 10 t>utren.ont. Que 36,487 61 1,344 00 15,038 00 Gait, Ont 9,170 83 25,176 67 4,945 25 Belleville, Ont .- 3,015 42 49,858 17 5,428 82 St. Boniface, Man . . - 6,638 58 5,569 55 Charlottetonn, P.E.I 15,401 44 Lethbrid^e, .\lta . . - 2,189 39 11,626 73 New Glasgow. X.S . . ... 2.000 00 9,586 99 - Owen Sound. Ont.. .. 3.960 98 - 4,967 25 Amherst. N.S _ 370 55 Medicine Hat. Alia 6.600 00 5,630 70 10,935 59 St. Hyacinthe, Que 9.258 19 5,801 13 447 90 Woodstock. Ont 4.404 67 8,653 35 6.819 55 Levis, Que 737 10 250 00 ~ ' Including expenses in connection with Board of Works. = Included in Sewers, etc. ' Less fixed charges. Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE e.—KXPRNDlTVEB—ConHniced. Health and Sanitation Charities and Corrections Other expenditure for Health and Sanitation Total Health and Sanitation Poor Relief outdoors Total Charities and Corrections GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 69,349 73 1,123,332 50 22,756 07 488,375 80 45,097 82 223,110 72 779.340 41 600,179 85 2,281,545 49 137,929 64 577,223 59 41,479 15 216,980 88 973,613 26 174.986 60 489,163 75 132,160 OO 438,335 84 - 28,200 OO 598,695 84 1 82,030 30 302,782 60 52,185 S3 157,181 20 19,382 51 47,620 37 276,369 91 42,481 S3 42,481 83 - - - - 31,376 00 359,389 00 78,546 00 340,571 00 29,313 00 300,646 OO 749.076 00 94,605 00 437,210 00 11,664 50 176,671 23 19.500 00 52,059 00 259,894 73 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 31,245 01 199,507 07 40,915 .53 217,191 40 . 26.382 85 284,489 78 21,551 49 142,205 12 10,500 00 173,958 79 - 22.521 00 206,979 79 16,572 00 115,657 98 6,500 00 - 96,553 70 103,053 70 9,939 00 31,999 77 92,144 84 - 36.934 42 129,079 26 14,128 84 223,353 2E 1,417 30 229.542 36 - 18,589 30 249,548 96 44,822 76 172,060 17 ~ ~ - 14,427 78 14,427 78 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 23,906 85 123,235 31 4.086 66 225,119 64 . 4,713 25 233,919 55 9,852 00 78,377 00 4,234 00 80,420 00 - 10,367 00 101.021 00 10,383 38 87,612 73 - 11,583 90 5,720 24 - 17,304 14 6,383 63 49.085 24 12,205 77 2,036 38 3,791 82 117 25 18,151 22 ~- 10.107 98 - 5,923 94 1,773 2S 1,675 00 9,372 22 40,515 77 102.203 60 1,808 62 3 100,156 60 _ 101,965 22 1,500 00 65,163 00 5,000 00 - - - 5,000 00 7,137 95 62,796 82 " 2,050 00 372 89 " 2,422 89 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 2,913 81 43,469 33 600 00 20,000 00 4,702 39 4,174 18 29,476 57 10,106 34 72,084 23 7.179 40 41,808 60 - 2,031 86 61.019 86 9.840 90 94,073 94 6.360 84 2,500 00 223 20 9,374 14 18.458 18 4,643 26 47,676 07 7,849 01 9,062 82 7,031 13 - 23,942 96 3,895 33 84,479 21 4,668 02 515 00 10,738 39 1,926 27 17,847 68 4,712 35 48,039 99 * J - ^ - i - 1,925 95 21,531 25 151,299 52 15,758 29 14,200 00 - 17,500 00 47,458 29 - 39,329 76 - - - - - 3,297 41 24,527 90 4,348 59 13,276 55 ~ - 17,625 14 698 31 85,969 80 - 1,700 00 - _ 1,700 00 - - - - - - 4,762 00 4,112 51 40.270 25 3.410 16 - - 1,711 43 5,121 59 2,670 26 21.682 03 2.280 23 6,983 40 7,395 17 6,468 51 23,127 31 9, 186 58 68,885 59 2.714 00 2,400 00 2,254 16 7,368 16 5,585 94 17,647 44 5,070 00 4,695 26 - 2,813 00 12,578 25 7,099 07 35.512 14 2,200 64 13.517 98 - 4,190 24 19,908 86 2,352 62 87.499 89 653 22 4.025 00 6,249 55 1,464 OO 12,391 77 9,465 25 36,473 19 4,159 21 9.115 35 - 1,244 55 14,519 11 2.272 87 16,081 48 1,147 82 2,643 75 93 45 3,320 95 7,205 97 521 39 53,391 00 244 45 150 00 - 869 82 1,264 27 1.947 25 41,240 00 2,410 SO 5,000 00 - 7,410 80 2,102 54 60,404 95 1,200 00 1,468 42 - - 2,668 42 797 62 13,005 75 - 5,369 50 - 5,278 88 10,638 38 678 OO 16,079 44 450 OC - _ 450 00 7,714 04 21,530 16 3,805 62 12,000 00 _ _ 15,805 62 3,469 7S 15,056 78 3,075 58 750 00 _ _ 3,825 58 1,795 46 10,723 m 3.046 66 3,000 OO _ _ 6,045 66 2,652 72 3,023 27 6.129 6t 300 00 _ _ 6,429 69 5,983 2C 29,169 49 4.497 OC 6,000 00 - - 10,497 00 - 15,507 22 597 K 900 00 78 16 2,946 16 4,. 521 42 2.596 92 22.474 49 3,878 76 3,300 OO 6,367 74 2,093 2c 14,639 79 1,113 05 2.100 15 ' 200 00 ~ 4,770 20 4,970 20 ' Not separated, see total Charities and Correcti< ' Included in Street Cleaning, etc. 40 DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 6.— EXPENDITURE— ConKnued. Ill Geo. V, 1921 rTowTi Protection of Life and Property Name of City c Police Department Fire Department Salaries and Wages Equipment. Total Police Department Salaries and Wages Equipment Toul Fire Department t eta. I eta. S Ct8. S cts. $ ots. $ cts. GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000 1,268,662 15 «71,965 80 1 637,390 05 319,903 94 192,150 9S 115.745 35 102.868 73 203.034 03 72,201 70 69,273 94 • 20,536 67 35,305 42 1,371.5.30 88 1.174.999 83 709.591 75 389.177 88 140.350 78 212.687 62 151,050 77 895.020 68 690,434 30 370,154 90 275,701 26 158,766 00 163,245 19 179,922 81 895,016 81 115,804 47 70,081 50 43,755 00 46,543 28 1.074,943 49 1,585,451 11 485,959 37 Vancouver. B.C 345,782 76 288,286 52 202,521 00 209,788 47 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 89,745 06 102,302 55 106,750 00 61,777 47 75,876 24 17,174 29 30,798 43 10,000 00 20.282 94 7.032 96 106.919 35 133.100 98 116.750 00 82.060 41 82.909 20 95,105 30 145,375 09 104,759 97 127,-042 40 66,333 22 80,196 61 66,877 99 38.909 99 31.715 15 29.444 44 35,158 08 212,253 OS 143,669 96 158,757 55 St. John, X.B 95.777 66 115.354 6t 1S8.577 Oi GROtJP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50.000. Regina, Sask Brantford. Out Windsor, Ont Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask, . . Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Que 62,023 78 30,551 00 50,876 03 20.363 75 11.828 16 32,639 92 23,200 00 16.416 5S 8.788 80 4.912 00 6,310 16 4,105 62 3,130 02 7,784 08 1,850 00 4,084 33 70,812 38 35,493 00 57,186 19 34,469 37 14,958 IS 40,424 00 25,050 00| 20,500 91 54,163 05 37,702 00 43,877 06 20,363 76 23,007 49 60.071 42 14.500 00 16.989 66 15.830 18 25,044 00 9,455 52 4,105 63 11,117 49 49,363 99 1,000 00 11,854 76 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 15,631 65 25,581 60 17.385 10 16.083 61 35.804 26 9,283 01 13,051 14 12,965 00 50,233 99 16,644 33 17,646 45 17.762 00 9.836 05 13,792 60 15.496 08 21.778 40 5,855 00 9,940 90 12,238 53 15,369 SO 5,479 06 6,998 30 3.184 73 12.603 21 3.734 75 3.691 21 4,339 19 900 00 7,007 69 2,571 05 1,870 61 774 00 745 22 22,423 68 3,781 04 6.266 88 6,478 94 1.202 15 3.699 04 1.901 08 9.304 92 SOS 00 1,052 50 3.661 82 1.771 44 1,481 98 838 28 1,800 00 1,617 65 759 24 987 63 16,531 65 32.589 29 17.385 10 18.654 66 35.804 26 11.153 62 28.266 52 13.825 14 13,710 22 72,657 67 20,085 75 14.704 07 13.624 32 20,425 37 22.913 33 24.240 94 11.038 20 17,391 64 17,397 16 31,083 32 6,163 00 9,940 90 13,291 03 9,489 00 19,031 62 7,250 50 8.480 28 4,023 01 14,403 21 5,352 40 4,450 45 5,326 82 17,422 00 37,327 90 36,018 36 25.042 30 38.337 89 18.678 51 35.588 55 22.633 16 12,261 20 9,224 35 37,598 54 28.074 33 11.579 35 20.619 33 10.926 50 7.340 00 15.305 67 24.246 37 16.487 30 4.800 00 9.525 32 2.976 22 16.081 70 3.833 17 9,168 06 4,339 19 7.439 55 56,494 38 10.027 10 10.844 98 4.459 38 9.915 61 8.019 16 4.511 64 7.478 30 5.465 63 22.477 46 7,614 92 24,143 95 14,793 84 1,600 00 4,384 63 18.000 37 5.159 96 4.328 35 3,432 12 1.700 OO 2.392 67 8.814 26 987 62 24,861 a 93.822 28 Sherbrooke. Que 36.018 36 35.069 40 Sault Ste Marie. Ont 49,182 87 Kitchener, Ont 23,137 89 451,504 16 30,682 32 St. Thoma-s, Ont 16,776 84 Monclon. N.B Stratford. Ont Guelph, Ont 31,427 76 58,057 89 33.585 91 16.702,65 New Westminster, B.C 43.054 17 50.551 79 19. 194 27 44.763 28 25.720 34 Outremont, Quo Gall. Ont. 8.840 00 16.306 67 28.631 00 Charlottetown, P.E.I 5.971 00 34.487 67 9.969 96 13.853 67 Amherst. X.S 6,408 34 17,781 70 6.225 84 17,982 31 5,326 81 > Including Special Salaries and Wages during Strike. ' Including Street Lighting. * Housing Commission. * Municipal Buildings and Property only. ' Less fixed charges. • Including Cemeteries and Water Deliverj-. ' Included in Salaries and Wages. • Bridges. ' Included with Waterw-orks Sj'stem. '• Including Telephones. Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 3.— EXPENDITURE— Cortfintwrf. Municipally Owaed Public Services Waterworks Sj-stera Gas Sj-stem Electric Light System Markets and Weigh Scales Street Railways Exhibition Other Public Services Total Public Services I . CU. S cts. $ cts. $ cts. i cts. S cts. S cts. $ cts. GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 1,U5,S50 71 9.100 47 _ . _ 1.154.951 18 1.124,902 17 - 650.506 88 267.457 7S 791.947 97 53.744 49 639.595 70 3.828.154 99 - - 120.675 00 15.400 00 - - - 136,075 00 169.338 11 - - 499 05 - 10.000 00 3.142 62 182,979 78 67.671 65 - 97.614 55 13.887 40 - 10.000 00 - 189.173 60 312.472 00 - ~ 13.572 00 - - 327.284 00 653.328 00 265,000 00 " 308.742 89 21.647 50 " " " 595,390 39 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 9.923 84 11.010 27 3,410 39 114.042 44 979 38 229.796 99 35.399 61 7,881 29 421.902 82 59.107 31 105.237 11 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 249.842 3S . 539,059 19 8,61V 15 349.696 02 155,701 58 1.302.916 32 62.606 00 - 80,372 00 1,200 00 115.370 00 - - 259,548 00 99,889 88 - 151,361 04 3,281 91 - - - 254.532 83 43.781 97 - 45,006 97 - - - - 88.788 94 31.343 78 - ■• 4.703 26 - _ 36,047 04 ' 58,009 98 - ' 280,727 00 " 5,005 91 ' 197.033 68 - f&«26.305 40 567,081 97 16,696 59 - - - - - 16,696 59 105, 114 78 " 15,722 12 3.990 89 3,071 80 " 127.899 59 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. _ . _ 1.278 95 . _ 1,278 95 154.142 IS - 284.436 73 2.946 25 - 551 13 - 442,076 29 40.950 77 60.015 62 163.326 31 16.608 34 - 3.800 OO _ 2«4,701 04 83. 9M 94 - 122.136 76 24 43 - 2,100 00 » 167,835 82 376.091 95 272.216 57 - 9 675 48 - - _ 272,892 05 - - - 1.100 00 - - - 1.100 00 22.542 85 - 74.839 56 - 174,872 21 - ■» 87,409 78 359.664 40 58.068 39 19,617 43 89,260 01 3.326 11 _ 170.271 94 55.658 72 146.531 88 98,732 58 96 99 38,882 92 _ 23,649 17 363.552 26 - - 133,599 54 - - - - 133.599 54 " : 1.844 54 -■ -_ ; 76.113 42 34,682 27 : 33.438 86 - - -_ ; 68.121 13 20,024 37 - 36.384 24 3.381 39 - _ 10,894 09 70.684 09 - - 16.150 23 2,094 37 _ _ 18.244 60 140,432 02 - - 1,100 00 - - _ 141,532 02 - - 2.281 78 66,218 57 _ 6.992 11 181,877 46 53,466 85 - - 1,816 50 - - - 55,283 35 70,598 77 - 121.306 19 1,732 97 _ _ _ 193,637 93 30,540 01 45,000 06 - - - - _ 75,540 07 17.725 19 - 11.017 19 7 55 - _ 3,036 54 31,786 47 - - 4,729 00 - 500 00 350 00 20,579 00 104.426 60 - 155.532 16 547 25 96,930 81 - " 19,726 21 377,163 03 40,799 51 - _ - _ _ 40,799 51 40,850 02 35.595 57 77.257 00 - _ _ ' 11,555 00 165,257 68 15.360 64 - - - - - 15,360 64 27.035 10 35.134 44 2,576 43 - _ _ %,878 97 66,741 18 - - 3,375 12 _ _ _ 70,116 30 28.5S4 06 - 44.659 48 - - _ _ 73,243 54 70.651 89 - 1,116 95 - - - 71,768 84 Water Hydrants, Lighting, etc. 1 Included in Police Department. " Including Coal Mine. 42 DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 6.— EXPENDITURE— Contwiarf. [11 Geo. V, 1921 ae of City or Town Streets Sidewalks Recreations Xai Parks Playgrounds Gardcn>«, Boulevards. etc. Celebrations and Receptions Total Recreations S Ct8. $ cts. S cts. t cU. % cts. GROUP I— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal. Que . Toronto. Cm - . , WinnipeK, Man.. \'ancouver, B.C Quebec. Que — Hamilton, Ont.. Ottawa, Ont... 991,149 79 2,574,377 42 69.000 00 345,179 69 173,287 85 153,889 00 486,000 00 27,190 32 785,202 76 143,511 76 66,950 69 14,104 53 48,798 00 19.190 36 1,085 10 13,041 24 1,500 00 33,173 08 28,275 62 798,244 00 145,011 76 100,124 27 14,104 53 59,209 00 23,038 30 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary ,\lta.. 90,625 23 . '35,762 13 • 50,000 00 5 195,967 94 210,327 12 80,240 55 15,718 21 19,453 93 15,811 12 76.509 01 8,735 00 12,608 04 22,912 76 58,791 82 2,146 94 11,596 30 76,509 Ot Halifai, N.S ....\.. 8,735 00 St. John, N.B 14,754 98 34,509 06 58,791 82 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Kcgina, Sask Brantford, Ont. . . Windsor, Ont Verdun, Que Hull. Que Saskatoon, Sask.. Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Qui 44,668 49 6,886 91 16,091 57 8,124 45 24,216 02 82,102 00 1 .. - 10.492 00 3,000 00 13,492 00 286, 120 64 7,237 11 21,212 09 - 21,212 09 33,059 12 37,875 54 3,971 95 - 3,971 95 5,086 64 749 80 815 50 918 30 1,733 80 57,588 46 4,387 86 16,002 88 3,568 84 19,571 72 23,661 90 - 500 00 1,200 00 1,700 00 8,496 31 2,113 26 2,804 63 776 45 3,381 08 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 37,354 84 23,138 19 178,655 75 29,318 58 63,369 29 11,461 09 168,780 51 133,376 96 26,980 10 75,758 35 43,684 59 65,894 33 19,453 22 > 212,339 42 22,200 41 43,774 58 5 27,284 14 7,642 63 23,157 44 13,514 32 15,401 00 27,035 66 10,668 67 107,067 17 7,591 87 9,040 00 8,236 98 16,029 64 18,413 18 3.991 57 5,245 29 802 29 ' 15,196 16 406 01 2,896 96 12,652 76 161 91 7,760 44 103 28 1,829 45 8,012 90 4,080 33 2,080 87 1,200 00 224 89 4,569 33 12,929 34 1.896 71 1,171 19 6,492 49 6,202 00 14,067 04 5,977 41 12,908 53 23,688 45 4,017 93 3,800 00 10,112 05 1,9.54 03 6,763 43 12,951 33 2,800 00 2,661 23 1,568 49 4,422 03 4,500 00 2.897 33 4S6 75 1,060 00 18,834 49 5,210 92 9,513 80 652 03 5,992 94 187 00 9,075 53 1,468 57 3,030 81 2,942 96 3,809 87 842 50 5SS 30 1,089 65 1,700 00 726 05 203 53 500 00 1.500 00 '914 83 825 26 550 00 4,569 33 22,004 87 3,365 28 1,171 19 9,523 30 6,202 00 14,067 04 5,977 41 15,851 49 27,498 32 4,017 93 4,642 50 10,112 05 1,954 05 7,351 73 14,040 98 4,500 00 2,661 23 2,204 54 4,625 36 5,000 00 Belleville, Ont 2,897 33 486 75 Charlottetown, P.E.I 2,560 00 18,834 49 5,210 92 .•Vinherst. N.iS 10,428 63 1,477 29 6,542 94 I-evis, Que 187 00 1 Included in Streets. ' Including Exchange and interest on Funded Debt. • Including Prov. Gov't Levy of $563,500. * Including Interest Coupons Paid— Gen.. $476,644. Local Imp., $81,557. » Including Street Lighting. Sess. No. 17] MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 6.— EXPENDITURE— Con» 209,950 00 779.943 82 - 1,998 68 218,492 60 740,113 91 10,000 00 20.000 00 - 1,500 00 132.837 91 _ » 56,435 51 882,775 03 8,330 50 16,117 51 29 55 1,101 75 40.963 62 198,247 55 - - - - ■» 57,629 15 939,288 87 307 44 _ 33,014 45 199.623 84 - - 789,067 57 64,148 71 _ 250 00 221,813 54 36.747 75 48,535 83 - 1,145 74 5,350 84 348,023 8S ' 136 53 10,302 89 144,797 08 ' Including Discount. ' Including Prov. War Tai and Patriotic purposes. « Including Debenture Interest. Dis counts allowed, S338 62 has been deducted from Total of Ordinary Expenditure. '« Including Loan Cancelled and .\dmuiis:ration of Justice. " Debt charges exclusive of Utilities. 1= Including Local Imp. Debt Charges and Tax Discounts. » Including increased pay to Soldiers' Patriotic Fund, Red Cross and Na\'j- Lca-Mie DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 6.— EXPENDITURE— Conciuded. Ill Geo. V, 1921 ) of City or Town Eztniordmar>' Eipenditures General Dobenlures or Bonds Special Debentures or Bonds Other Ovcrdralts Extraordinary Expenditure Total Extraordinary Expenditure Grand Total ail Expenditures GROUP 1— Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal, Que.. Toronto, Ont . Winnipeg. Man Vancouver. B.C Quebec. Que . . Hamilton, Ont Ottawa, Ont. 2,765,307 46 273,334 00 466,395 67 2.765,307 46 1.724.649 00 983.358 58 4,183.512 17 7,813,144 47 5,464,846 58 9,077,358 15 4.663,537 39 7,329,989 43 5,642,695 43 GROXJP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. Calgary, Alta . . . Edmonton, Alta Halifax, N.S.. . St. John, N.B... London, Ont . . . . Victoria, B.C 381.500 00 724,063 67 69,400 64 6.038,751 93 7.779,489 18 1,192,607 34 2.231,944 96 3,606,645 20 2,037,529 67 GROUP III — Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Regina.Sask Brantford, Ont Windsor, Ont Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask . . . Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Que 28,720 52 16,906 00 231.578 76 4,263 75 13,400 00 586 63 260,500 00 791,522 00 40.812 88 66.241 84 35.220 00 39.000 93 916,748 00 272,391 64 88.365 88 75.647 34 586 63 460,525 83 3.700.996 68 2,136.733 00 1,692,934 44 696.018 92 376.182 71 2,291,885 33 405,275 79 1,006,672 36 GROUP IV — Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont 115,183 24 60,000 00 248,298 20 180,417 65 116,291 16 140,961 14 83,687 44 72,940 33 88,442 64 12,000 00 114,039 57 30,000 00 58,602 65 126,370 00 20.080 70 112,827 67 70,150 66 25,000 00 33.824 52 37.500 00 11.334 20 134,371 92 57,949 84 8,361 31 28,911 15 18.558 53 87.500 00 73,000 00 14,305 95 71.142 IS 55,000 00 57,352 21 130.000 00 40.000 00 790,000 00 2,172 00 » 162,502 93 10,882 79 133.380 41 78,455 82 1.000 00 43,015 12 18.422 98 24.604 96 67.600 61 ISM. 557 56 1,740 33 46,309 11 " 299,224 42 728,301 57 6.019 15 125 00 19,494 39 60.000 00 5,410 65 212.312 12 13,531 40 14,000 00 " 18,023 54 17,855 64 129,489 19 71,142 18 347,057 56 68.686 41 514.410 45 220.417 65 952,600 27 500.707 40 811,989 01 168.522 08 83.948 12 27,855 70 281,823 OS 124,777 62 114.039 57 213.312 12 48.558 53 189,117 77 126,370 00 52,035 08 112,827 67 108,755 62 98.000 00 119.448 67 17.855 64 528.216 41 1.596,775 91 1,097,663 23 1,077,054 37 Sault Ste. Marie,' Ont 1,541,439 93 527.273 55 2,881,626 46 St. Catharines. Ont 1.266.649 56 Westmount. Que 799.595 67 Moncton, N.B Stratford. Ont 1.306.357 71' 223,641 59 577,221 96 New Westminster, B.C 819.377 29 754,166 22 ' 967.558 10 976.165 03 389,885 12 Outremont. Que Gait. Ont 568.032 29 570.965 60 969.061 59 St. Boniface, Man CharlottetoK-n. P.E.I 740.113 91 259.207 91 882,775 03 New Glasgow, N.S Owen Sound. Ont 250,282 63 939,288 87 308,379 46 789.067 57 Amherst. N.S 319.813 54 Woodstock, Ont Levis, Que.. 467,472 55 162,652 72 * Exclusive of land and buildings in Capital Account. ^Including stores and deferred charges of $44o. 029.93. ' Including other assets, depreciation fund Hydro-Elect. System and School District Debentures. * Including Public Schools. s Including accounts receivable and inventories, etc. * Including other deferred assets of $1.7Sl. 181.33. " Consists of expend, on Capital Account such as Schools, St. Railwa>*8, Ixk*;*! Imp. and Waterworks, etc. * Includes St. Railwa>-s, Waterviorks, Schools and Hydro. ' Other assets. ** Including Bridges. " Composes St . Itailway Elect. Light & Power Plant, pumping plant and all other works constructed out of Capital Account. '- Including Waterworks. »» Including International Milting Co. Bonds $124,058.76 and \'icloo' Bonds of $63,265.83. >' Included MUNICIPAL STATISTICS TABLE 7— AVAILABLE ASSETS. Assets (available) • Total Cash on Taxes in Saleable Other Assets hand at end Sinking arrears or Lands, and debts (available) of year Funds levied but not due Buildings due $ cts. S cts. S cts. 8 cts. S cts. $ cts. GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. 203,969 22 3,192,830 68 6,992,610 00 63,000 000 00 8,514,333 41 81.903,743 31 5,241,286 19 27,863,994 71 3,845,928 06 ' 691,064 49 1,787,557 18 ! 39,874, 860 56 - 10,456,969 84 ■ 3,793,227 37 39,588,014 79 '6,419,428 70 60,257,640 70 345,621 89 8,238,152 82 5,255,816 57 17,331,906 04 223,148 33 31,394,645 65 153,000 62 371,208 84 617,901 69 12,342,364 24 1,629,271 14 "15,814,076 40 81,250 71 2,784,869 50 2,365,064 78 9,011,858 66 2,432,414 93 16,675,458 58 1,460 01 4,367,563 75 463,946 07 16,479,126 74 39,538 03 21,351,634 60 GROUP II — Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 1,247,232 14 1,069,209 32 2,174,114 95 111,258 56 88,705 54 1,963,053 30 3,317,362 50 2,621,932 14 3,732,935 60 4,701,827 75 10,114,493 85 7,949,319 20 GROUP III- -Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. 287,799 68 2,004,583 87 660,434 30 1,794,649 50 87.116 64 4,834,583 99 695 00 895,328 00 8,471 00 8 2,502,066 00 '2.276,629 00 5,683,189 00 71,178 54 53.470 58 100,431 35 339,000 00 3,541,629 IS 4,105,709 65 45,702 75 244,659 26 333,870 93 2,653,548 49 676.884 65 3,954,666 08 26,309 31 137,433 84 133,980 68 2,347,243 24 26,500 00 2,671,467 07 199,126 56 1,662,444 85 1,045,269 52 - ■18,210,271 73 11,117,112 66 22,346 61 486,232 28 123,000 00 1=1,350,000 00 75,000 00 2,056,578 89 10,448 78 398,497 79 245,151 10 3.340.803 24 423,207 15 4,418,108 06 GROUP IV- -Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. 1,955 80 294.414 51 1,000 00 _ » 1,729,020 68 2,026,390 99 220,473 68 864,682 87 761,746 40 545,355 00 101,255 22 "2,680,837 76 4,161 39 350,979 90 102,830 21 2,832,898 73 1,248,143 73 4,539,013 96 - 786,941 02 31,548 76 1,051,329 52 279,204 56 2,148,996 86 570,815 33 171,159 29 829,709 43 1,983,463 39 3,563,173 97 51,964 34 - 12,242 76 - 1,893 84 66,100 94 25,501 31 2.217,448 21 724,434 64 _ 582,398 66 3 -,549 782 82 - 1,099,199 40 53,883 14 115.116 06 4,343,913 13 31.762 14 - 86,628 27 293,105 82 46,259 38 457,755 61 250 00 988,127 46 180,712 70 2,606,152 00 3,092,274 85 6,867,517 01 463 74 775,153 58 98,800 00 446 10 102,958 00 1,423,475 32 23,202 86 - 22,898 55 - - 210,218 57 18,466 06 83,697 44 142,328 58 2,564,453 50 2,579 35 2,811,524 93 582,364 18 294,817 08 5,212,919 84 136,182 96 6,239,569 15 1,313 72 1,102,273 47 683,105 01 1.330,925 48 318,180 93 3,435,798 61 7,243 47 66,793 50 1.301.605 77 70,552 38 1,446,781 25 61,567 24 148,444 11 411,700 00 3.229,956 87 48,562 50 3,900,230 72 - - 83,525 75 3,000 00 _ 86,525 75 260, 166 82 130,538 49 719,957 41 4,024 56 i« 3.369,984 95 - 37,934 40 - - 606,267 30 441,234 40 47,227 85 106,645 11 1,434,772 50 2,029,908 86 ■ 5,741 14 1,094,341 67 1,061,811 32 204,379 92 7,524 84 2.373,798 89 101,300 00 5,000 00 714,000 00 461,000 00 1,288,315 92 141,598,10 785,270 80 459, 184 92 136,966 13 1= 497,541 23 2,020,561 18 46,604 40 155,674 04 23,631 25 918,246 50 - 1,144,156 19 105,201 83 586,870 55 131,906 95 1,100,880 32 248,172 00 2,173,031 65 292 26 259,644 06 24,273 06 910,970 89 57,126 22 1,252,306 49 671,083 20 682,320 85 3,353,920 62 116,034 19 4,830,683 25 18.619 72 9,857 14 22,363 14 1,312,617 84 - 1,363,457 84 361,265 85 12,717 04 400,000 00 67,600 61 856,110 67 6,724 73 1,775 60 32,917 86 149,448 25 12.298 91 • 203,165 35 in Gen. Debentures c Outlays, f2. 172.503.71 sion. "" Including Railroad Shares, Bank and Stock Account Bonds. 1^ Including Bills Payable and Local Imp. « Including Improvement and Sus^pense i^ Including Capital Expenditure not Bonded and Bonds. '» Including Housing Cc -" Temporary loans. 46 DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS TABLE 8.— LIABILITIES. in Geo. V, 1921 \ All Other Liabilities GROUP I — Cities having a Population of over 100,000. Montreal. Que. Toronto. Ont . . Winnipeg, Man Vancouver. B.< Quebec. Que. , . Hamilton. Ont Ottawa, Ont. 118,892.119 29 101.832,912 72 39.757.397 94 29,054,523 97 l.'), 535,386 76 13.219,364 21 18,031.193 7S 5,910,207 45 1,600,112 88 4.451,908 81 124,802,326 74" 109.849.001 51 46,122,938 40 29,054,523 97 15,702.542 05 15,088,921 74 43,133 56 19.423,756 22 GROUP II— Cities having a Population of 50,000 to 100,000. 22,864,282 75 '28,725,827 27 5,015,726 66 7.381,247 67 18,200,694 66 2,510,475 78 ' 5,458,564 29 237,000 00 1.001,000 00 2,475,328 22 • 3,402,708 93 98,835 11 645,035 79 " 3,622.863 56 27,850,086 75 Halifax, N.S St. John, N.B London. Ont Victoria, B.C . . 5,114,561 77 8.263,2«3 46 22,823,558 22 GROUP III— Cities having a Population of 25,000 to 50,000. Regina, Sask Brantford, Ont... Windsor. Oiit Verdun, Que Hull, Que Saskatoon, Sask. Sydney, N.S Three Rivers. Qu SIW.S,^? 79 448.181 10 333,921 91 11.675.960 80 '".is.j:u no 998,816 00 105,781 0(1 5,202.831 00 (l.-.,^727 00 320.500 00 505.060 05 3.881,287 65 ■iM,, 51111 00 344.047 02 157.824 64 3.488.371 66 L'l'i.'.ilS l'..i l-.o.unii iW 2.900 00 2,428.843 65 >^h,.'i, 1 , 1 ,i.)ii ,r,).. Ill 797.151 87 10,234.118 77 111 ;, ,ii .'>:.,iiii ) 7.000 00 2,075,500 00 '.lllll.dllll III! 4:i7.^,:i^ N'i 429. 144 20 4,835,783 03 GROUP IV— Cities having a Population of 10,000 to 25,000. Kingston, Ont 1,809,530 90 _ 214,167 49 2.023.698 39 Mooseiaw. Sask 5,958,249 85 1,384,448 49 997,335 66 8,339.034 00 Sherbrooke. Que 2,304,900 0(J .551,751 71 1,682.362 25 4.539.013 96 Pel..rhnrnuoh. Onl 2,550.914 02 281,790 15 29,586 IS 2.862.290 36 .< 1 :-:- M.MU-, (In: 2,731,964 26 245.914 16 - 2.977,878 42 K,', .,.'.; ■ . . 2,002,231 28 65,000 0(1 23.255 30 2,090,486 59 1 .1 \ ■:,,,. 1 Ml- 8,265,746 07 880,684 47 - ■9,146,430 54 ,st ( .iili.u il:. , ( Mil 3,608,375 52 324,120 29 1,313.993 25 5,246.489 06 St. Thoiiius. UUI 260,805 2C 10,167 25 - 270^972 45 Westmount, Que 4,318,166 66 22,788 60 2.526,561 75 6,867,517 01 Moncton, N.B - - _ _ Stratford. Ont 2,298,233 13 83,000 00 42,976 00 2,424.209 13 Guelph. Ont 2,073,729 56 - - 2.073.729 50 Lachine, Que 2,419,000 00 97,202 50 92,846 30 2.609,048 SO New Westminster, B.C 4,503,527 00 - • 1,730,968 52 6.234.495 52 Port Arthur, Ont " 4,145,535 50 77,154 94 377,416 39 4.600.106 83 1,240,872 35 204, 399 53 95, 122 05 1,540,393 93 3,160,246 05 598,823 55 - 3,759,069 50 Niagara Falls, Ont. .. 909.960 70 308,748 40 - 1.218,709 10 Outrcmont, Que - . 2 S.^!^,0()() 00 - 197,401 57 « 3,321,446 47 Gait. Ont i.;i4,(i'i(i OS 264,958 13 - 2,00.8,969 11 Belleville, Ont l,:iii:',~,vj 37 72.678 53 - 1,465,530 90 St. Boniface. Man ;;,-! ;,7^s ss ' 1.231.652 33 226,086 68 5,271,527 89 Charlottetown. P.F..I.. ojb.diin 00 - 250,000 00 838,600 00 Lethbridge. Alta 3.925.257 34 281.600 00 366,542 51 4,573,399 85 950.270 00 3.842 84 18,695 27 972,808 11 Owen Sound. Ont <■ 1.266.075 68 117,495 12 118,413 85 1,501,984 65 966.000 00 64,163 12 - 1,030.163 12 Medicine Htit. .Alta 3.746.072 67 235,599 26 500,965 88 4,483,237 81 St. Hyacinthe. Que 591.707 24 721,018 00 593 25 1,313,318 49 Woodstock, Ont 980.468 05 - - 980,468 05 Levis, Que 754.018 92 143,000 00 53.692 42 949,711 34 * Including Public Schools. ' This is short term loans against tax arrears and hypothecated debentures. ' Including Accounts and Bills Payable and Deferred Liabilities. * Xncluding Local Improvement Bonded Debt minus the City's share. ^Outstanding Debentures. "Including Sinking Fund Accumulated and Reserves. ^ Current Loans' ' Bank Overdraft on General Account, Bills Payable, and Construction Account $708,692.66; Ixjcal Imp. Account J2,828,63l.9J and other liabilities S85.539.00. 11 GEORGE V DOC. PARLEMENTAIRE No 17 CANADA BUREAU FEDERAL DE LA STATISTIQUE DIVISION DES FINANCES STATISTIQUES MUNICIPALES CITES ET VILLES DE 10,000 HABITANTS ET PLUS. OTTAWA THOMAS MULVET tllPRlMEUR DE SA TRfi:s EXCELLENTE MAJESTfi LK ROI 1920 [No 17—1921.] 48 BUREAU PeofiRAL DE LA STATISTIQUE 111 Geo. V, 1921 STATISTIQUES URBAINES, 1919. PREFACE. Depuis plusieurs ann^es, les fonctionnaires, les 6tablissements financiers, les dconomistes, en un mot tons ceux qu'int6resse le probl^me de la p(5r«5quation des impots, ressentaient le besoin dc statistiques comparatives dcs principales cit^s ct villcs du Canada, tout spc'Tialoment des statistiques financieres munici- ■pales. Les municipalit^s sont placees sous la juridiction provinciale; il fallait done, tout d'abord, faire cesser la diversite de leurs methodes de comptabilite et les ameuer a I'adoption d'un systeme uniforme. En 1918, le Bureau F4d6ral de la Statistique ^labora et soumit aux provinces un projet qui proposait un sys- teme de comptabilit6 et qui etablissait la cooperation des provinces et du Bureau. Mais I'on dut bientot admettre que la question 6tait plus complexe qu'on ne I'avait d'abord suppose et que tout changement entralnerait des repercussions imprevues. II fut done dc^cide de recourir h une conference des fonctionnaires federaux et provinciaux, oil la question serait examinee sous toutes ses faces et trait^e a fond. !Mais en attendant qu'une solution intervienne, on a juge qu'il etait possible de proceder a une investigation limitee, sur les bases suggerees. Un question- naire fut done dress^ et envoy^ aux municipalites dont la population atteint au moins 10,000 habitants; les reponses faites a ce questionnaire ont servi k I'etablissement du present rapport. Le Bureau exprime ici ses remerciements aux fonctionnaires municipaux qui ont rempli ces formules, quelquefois au prix d'un travail ardu, lorsque leur comptabilite ne Concorde pas avec le question- naire. Sans leur bienveillante cooperation, il eut ^te impossible d'obtenir les donn^es necessaires, meme dans un cadre restreint, en raison non seulement des diverses modalites de tenue des livres, mais aussi de la signification differente doim6e a certaines expressions, d'une locality k une autre. Cinquante-trois agglomerations urbaines, comptant 10,000 habitants ou plus, ont participe a notre enquete. Quelques-uns des rapports qui nous ont ete envoyes, notamment ceux de Guelph, de ^loncton et de St. Catharines n'etaient pas sufRsamment detailles pour servir a nos fins; ils ont dii etre laiss6s de cote. D'autre part, les municipalites, de Chatham. Ont., Shawinigan Falls, P.Q., et Glace Bay, X.-E., ont neglige de nous fournir les informations deman- dees. Les donn^es recueillies ont ete groupees dans une serie de huit tableaux, dont on trouvera I'enumeration a la table des matieres. Nous r^petons que le present rapport est necessairement imparfait; il demontre, toutefois, la possibilite d'etablir des statistiques municipales, compa- rables de ville a ville, lorsqu'un accord definitif aura ete conclu entre les interesses. L'experience deja acquise permettra certaines additions aux for- mules, notamment dans la classification de la partie financiere. Si I'utilite de cette tentative est demontrde, le Bureau la renouvellera et en elargira le cadre, dc maniere a embrasscr un plus grand nombre de municipalites. Ce rapport est I'oeuvre du It.-col. J. R. Munro, chef de la Division des Finances de ce Bureau. R. H. COATS, Statisticien du Dominion. Doc. No 171 STATISTIQUES MUNICIPALES NOTE. Lo manque d't'eipace ii'a pas permis de placer a la tfte des tableaux la tra- duction fran^aise des litres et de.s sous-titres. Toutefois, afin de faciliter I'etude de ce rapport par ceux qui ne sont pas familiers avec la langue anglaise, la table des niatieres en frangais contient plus de details que la version anglaise et cons- titue une traduction litterale des titres et sous-titres des tableaux, dans I'ordre exact oCi ils sont imprimes dans le texte anglais. A la suite de la table des matieres on a place une traduction des renvois au bas des pages, qui se trouvent dans le texte anglais, avec indication de la page et du numero de chaque renvoi. Afin de permettre la comparaison entre les cites et les villes de population d peu pres semblable, ou les a divisees en plusieurs groupes, ainsi composes. Groupe I. — Cites dont la population atteint ou depasse 100,000 liabi- " tants. Groupe II. — Cite^ ayant une population de .50,000 a 100,000 habi- tants. Groupe III. — Cites ayant une population de 25,000 a 50,000 habi- tants. Groupe IV. — Cites ayant une population de 10,000 a 25,000 habitants. Daus le tableau 3, pages 13 et 15, la huitieme colonne est consacree a la me- thode employee pour la purification de I'eau des aqueducs. Nous donnons ci-dessous les ternies dont on s'cst servi dans le texte anglais avec leur traduction en regard: ANGLAIS. FRANC.US. Double filtration Double filtration. Slow sand and drifting sand Filtres rapides et filtres lents par le sable. None -4.ucune. Ohloramine Acide ehlorique. Coagulation Coagulation. Gravity filter . Filtre automatique. Hypochloride Hypochlorite. Natural sand and gravel filter Filtration naturelle par le sable et legravier. Chlorinated Au chlore. Filtration with .\lura Filtration par I'alun. Mechanical Chlorine Au chlore m6caniqueiiient. Sedimentation and filtration Sedimentation et filtration. Chlorine Chlore. Natural filter through sand Filtration naturelle par le sable. Chlorine gas Chlore gazeux. Natural filtration through sand into infiltration Filtration naturelle dans des galeries de sable, galleries. , Liquid Chlorine Chlore liquide. Mechanical filters, small part Filtres mecaniques (petite partie). -Aeration and sterilization , Aeration et sterilisation. Chlorination, coagulation, aeration and filtration. .Chlore, coagulation, aeration et filtration. Sedimentation basin Chlorination Automatic Ba.ssin de sedimentation, chlorination automatique. Pressure filters Filtres k pression. Automatic filters Filtres automatiques. Automatic Chlorine Automatiquement, par le chlore. Mechanical and sand filter Filtre mecanique et sable filtranl . Slow sand filtration Filtration lente par sable. Filters Filtres. Gravity filter Filtre automatique. BUREAU F£DERAL DE LA STATISTIQUE (11 Geo. V, 1921 TABLE DES MATIERES. Statistiques munioipales- PrMace Nora. T.^BtEAV 1. — Revue rttroapeetive. . Statistiques des citfs, etc., etc. Cit*. Population en 1901 , 191 1 et 1919 Evaluation des propri^tfes taxables en 1901, 1911 et 1919 Valeur des proprift^sexeniptesde taxes (terrains etb&timents) en 1901, 1911 et 1919 T*Bi.E.\r 2.— Stati-stiques g^nf rales ' Noni de la cit6 ou ville i Kxercice budgfitaire terming .* Superficie en acres — En terre ; En eau Population approximative Annfee de 1 'incorporation — Comme village Comme ville Comme oi«e ' AnnSe de la derni^re incorporation Administration — Maire — Duree de ses fonctions (annfees) Indemnite annuelle ? Controleurs — Nombre i Dur^ de leurs fonctions (ann^s) Indemnity annuelle Jj Echevins — Nombre f. Duree de leurs fonctions (ann^es) Indemnity- annuelle J. Valeur totale des propri^t^s taiables i Total des revenus :i33ujetti3 a la taxe municipale sur le revenu Total de revaluation pour ameliorations locales Taux de la taxe fonci^re, par dollar, (en mill.) Taux de la taxe dps ecoles, par dollar (en mill.) Nom de la cite ou ville Valeur des terrains et batiments exempta de taxe — Eglises et institutions religieuses — Terrains $ B&tiraents J Institutions enseignantes — Terrains $ B4 timents $ Institutions de bienfaisance — Terrains $ Batiraent.s $ l'ropri6t6s municipales— Terrains ■ $ BStiments ? I'roprietes provinciales et f#d&rales — Terrains i Bitiments J Isines, manufactures, fabriques — Terrains ". $ Bfttiments % Autres exemptions — Terrains t B&timents t Total des exemptions — Terrains J B&timents S Nom de la citi ou ville 6-11 6 C Doc. No 17] STATISTIQUES MUNICIPALES TABLE DES MATlfcRES— suite. Tableau 2 — suite. Rues pavees, longueur en millea — En macadam En asphalte En tar via ou macadam goudronn^ En bois Autres pavagea Total Rues non pavfees, longueur en milles Egouts, longueur en milles Trottoirs, longueur en milles — En madriers En bfeton Autres Total Pares publics, superficie — Appartenant a la municipality N'appart«nant pas k la municipalite Terrains de jeux et recreations Nombre Superficie en acres Eclairage des rues — Longueur des rues ficlairees — Par des lampes, 61ectriques h arc, nitrogftne, et«. Au gaz Nombre de lampes, sur candfelabres ou appliques — Electriques, S arc, nitrogSne, etc Bees de gaz TAr.T.EAii 3. — Aqueducs et purification de I'eau Nom de la cite ou ville Adduction et distribution — Source d'approvisionneraent Annee de la construction ou de I'achat Valeur de la canalisation, des usines et machinerie, des terrains et bS.ti- ments, etc Volume de I'eau fournie pendant I'annee, en gallon Consommation quotidienne par tfite, en gallons Compteurs en service, nombre PouTcentage de I'eau mesurfee par ces coinpteurs, dans I'annf-e Pression, normale, en livres Pression d'incendie. en livres Reservoirs, nombre et capacitf', en milliers de gallons Pompes, nombre et capacity, en milliers de gallons Conduites principales, longueur en milles Purification de I'eau — M^thode en usage Capacite quotidienne, en gallons Volume moyen de I'eau trait«e quotidiennement, en gallons Moyenne du coflt, par jour $ Tableau 4. — Police et incendie Nom de la cite ou ville Service des incendies — Nombre du personnel, y compris chef, sous-chets, capitaines et pompiers. Nombre de postes ou stations Nombre de bouches d'eau Nombre de chevaui . Pompes — A vapeur — Automobiles, nombre \ A chevaux, nombre A gazoline — Automobiles, nombre A chevaux, nombre Engins chimiques — Automobiles, nombre A chevaux, nombre Voitures it boyaux, avec reservoirs chimiques — Automobiles, nombre A chevaux, nombre Voitures 4 boyaux ordinaires — Automobiles, nombre A chevaux, nombre 12-15 12-14 12-14 12-14 12-14 12-14 12-14 13-15 13-15 13-15 13-15 13-15 13-15 13-15 13-15 13-15 13-15 13-15 1&-23 16 16 16 7610—3 BUREAU F£d6RAL DE LA STATISTIQUE TABLK pes MATlflllES-^uito. Ill Geo. V, 1921 Piuie. C'oliinni". Tableau 4 — suite. Service inent^, L>t (les b&timents A I'usuge du commerce. w'ToUiIoroent excmptfi, * asaujettis uniquenient A la taxe d'expropriation. »Ann6»? 11)03. '=Ces propri^tfe ne sont pxs 6valufes. "Y compris I'EvaJuation comniereiale. >*Ann^ 1005. >*En 1911, revaluation dos htttiments Etait de fiO'^ de leur valeur. tandir* Mu'en 1910 ellc n'^tmt que de 45%. "Y compris $l,iV10,78ujettie>> a la taxe &colaire seuleraent. '=Chif- fres d'affaires et revenu. '"Dont $2,507,136 asSujettis A la tjue scolaire. »»Ceci comprend let* exemptioro< en faveur dee veuves et des iiiiuiufacturiers. Los ^Ii.'*os. le» ^«>les et les propriety's du gouverneiiient sont eKalement exemptees. mais ne sont pas evaluEcs. Pages 6-7. — 'Statistiques gEn^rales pour rann^e intliqueo — Kecettcset d6penso8pour 1918. H'aux de la t^txe de facade . 'La ville de Stcolton a 6t6 annex6c ie ler Janvier lOlS. *C'hifFre,-« manquants. *Commissaires. *nepuis {'annexion deStrathcona. 'Dont $I.G4tt.7node propriety? fu-^jiuiottieti A la luxe scolaire seulement. >II cxiinte au-^si une taxe de police de 2\ mills, et uno taxe d'tidairaKc dcltic. par pied de facade. "Y compris une population flottante de 2,000 liabitantj^. '"Documents incendi6s. "V compris les b&tiiiientM et la t;»xe comnierciale. i<.'ompria duiw revaluation totale de» proprietfa taxubles. "La population en Tannic 1020. "Y compris evaluation commercialc. ''.Moins une reduction de 10%. Pages 8-9. — >St:»tisti8 hommes sont egalemeot pompiers. "■ThifTrcs inconnus. *Y compris pertesur les b&timonts et leur contenu. *Sept des agents sont A cheval. In nuit. •Com- pris avec le contenu. 'Compris avec b&timents. *Les m6mes servent pour Ics pompiers. Pages 24-25.^-'Pas de di\'ision. Voir la colonne du total dos taxes. =Pns de division; voir la colonnu du total dos licences. ^Compris dans la colonne predecente. *Coinpris dans la tjwe do I'lumee courante. *Baseo sur la dimcnsioc dos locaux occupes. 'Taxe d'amusement. "Compris dans la ta.xe de capitation. 'Y compris tJixe do commutation. •Taxe do voirio. '"Y compris taxe do guerre provineiale, taxe du fonds patriotique. des hopitaux. des pares et des biblio- thCquos. "Moins deduction de $411.34. i^Moins escompte de S6'560.1S. >'T:ixo tie chemin de fer. "Non indiqu6. Pages 26-27. — 'Sous cot en-t6te figurent les loyers des conduits souterrains occupy par les oompagnios d'^lairage et de force motrice eiectriques. 'Fourriftre. 'Compris dans la colonne de I'eclairage et de force motriee eioctriques. *Com- pris avec "autres licences". Pages 28-29. — iFiguro dans hi colonne "p;ir comies". =Y compris exposition, etc. 'V aimpris expositions et tele- phones. *Y compris recettes diverges pour I'instruction publique. ^Figure avec I'eclairage et la force motrice eioc- triquos. «Y compris interet ot fonds d'antortissement. • Y compris les cimeti^res et le service de I'eau. *Y compris bateau traversier. »Paa de division; voir la colonne du total do I'instruction publique. '"Appartient k la compagnic dos tramways, d'eclaira^c, de chauffage et do force motrice do Montreal. "Sfino do charbon. '=Y compris location des bouches d'eau. '■''Figure dans la colonne des taxes de I'annee courante. Pages 30-31.— *Y compris allocation par la cite. 'Figure avec police. Pages 32-33. — 'Y compris les bains publics. =V compris les recettes provenant des cimetieres. 'Figure avec les taxes de I'annec courante. *Compris dans instruction publique. Mlecettey. "Figure avec "autros taxes foncieres". Pages ;J4-35.— 'Y compris le change. -Y compris decouvert en banque. ^Couru. •Figure dans los taxes de I'annee courante. *\*endue8. •V compris oniprunt ganinti par des obligations donnees en gage. 'Y compris dettes transportees. 'Y compris billets escomptes pour les travaux deJ'aqueduc. 'Prime. '"V compris celles decoulant de la loi de la fiducio. "Indemnite pour cause d'ineendie. I'Billets A payer. '"Interet couru et prime sur valours. >*Y compris prime sur obligations vendues. '^Vente do placements temporaires en valours sur I'Ktat. '•Emprunt A la banque. "Fonds on caisse au ler Janvier 1920. '*Pour la construction de logements. '•Emprunts temporaires. Pages 36-37. — 'Figure dans los ecoles publiquos. -Y compris fonds d'amortissenient ot interet. 'Les indemnites du maire et des oommisaairos sont portees au budget des diffferents ser\'iecs municipaux qu'ils dirigent. *FiEure dans •'colleges et autres ecoles". 'V compris versements au fonds d'amortissement. •Figure dans la colonne "t<>us autres fonetionnaires municipaux". 'Pas de division; voir la colonne du total des depenses d'administration. Doc. No 17] STATISTIQUES MUNICIPALES 57 Pages 38-39. — 'Y compris les dfepenses de la Commission des Travaux, ^ompris avec les fegouts. 'Moina charges fixes. raritime. Pages 44-45. — 'A Texclusion des terrains et bfttlments figurant au compte capital. -Y compris materiel en magasin et crfeances non ecliues de $445,029.93. ^Y compris autre actif. fonds de depreciation du r^seau hydro-61ectrique et obliga- tions du district scolaire. *Y compris 6coIes publiques. 'Y compris creances exigibles, inventaires, etc. ■ ^Y compris des creances non exigibles s'^levant k S!, 781, 181.33. -Consiste en d6penses charg^es au compte capital, telles que, ecoles, tramways, expropriation, aqueduc, etc. ^Y compris tramways, aqueducs, ficoles et hydro. 'Autre actif. "*Y com- pris ponts. "Celles des tramways, de I'usine d'6clairage et force motrice filectrijiues, de I'lisine de pompage et de tous autres travaux charges au compte capital. '-Y compris aqueduc. *^Y compris obligations de I'lnternational Milling Co.. pou r $124,058.76 et obligations de la \-ictoire pour $63,265.83. "Y compris obligations g^nerales. i^Y compris billets A payer et ameliorations locales. i^Y compris ameliorations et dfibourses differes, $2,172,503.76. »'Y compris obliga- tions et depenses du compte capital non couvertes par une emission. 'sy compris Commission du Logement. '*Y com- pris valeur des compagnies de ehemins de fer en banque et portefeuille. ^'Emprunts temporaires. Page 46. — 'Y compris ecoles publiques. -II s'agit d'emprunts k court terme garantis par les taxes impayees et des valeurs donnees en nantissement. "Y compris billets et comptes k payer et passif non echu. *Y compris dette consolidee pour ameliorations locales, moins la part de la cite. 'Obligations en circulation. ^Y comprLs fonds d'amortissement accumuie et reser\'es. ^Prfits courants. ^D^couvert en banque sur le compte gen6ral. billets k paver et compte de cons- truction $708,692,66; compte d 'ameliorations locales, $2,828,631.90, et autres passifs, $85,828.90. CANADA DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF INDUSTRY, 1918 LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, Etc. 1918 (Prepared in collaboration with the Dominion Forestry Branch; the Department of Crown Lands, Nova Scotia; the Department of Lands and Mines, New Brunswick ; the Department of Lands and Forests, Quebec; and the Department of Lands, British Columbia i PRIXTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA THOMAS MULVET PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELt,ENT MAJESTY 1920 [No. 17a— 1921] 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a CENSUS OF INDUSTRY, 1918. LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, Etc. Preface. The statistics of the lumber industiy presented in this report were collected and compiled during 1919 for the calendar year 1918. Acknowledgments are tendered to the Department of Crown Lands, Nova Scotia; the Department of Lands and Mines, New Brunswick; the Department of Lands and Forests, Quebec; and the Department of Lands, British Columbia, for their assistance in preparing and revising the lists of operating concerns. The report has been compiled and written under a co-operative arrangement between the Bureau of Statistics and the Forestry Branch of the Department of the Interior, the work in the bureau being performed by Mr. J. C. Macpherson, whilst the report was checked and edited by Mr. R. G. Lewis, B.Sc.F., of the Forestry Branch. R. H. COATS, Dominion Statistician. Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Ottawa, July, 1920. 17a— li 1 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a A. 1921 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Summary Comparative statistics, 1908 to 1918, 1917 and 1918. Production Lumber cut by provinces, 191" and 1918. Lumber cut by kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918. . . Lath cut by provinces. 1917 and 1918 Shingle cut by provinces, 1917 and 1918 Raw materials by provinces, 1918 Capital invested by provinces, 1918 Employees, salaries and wages by provinces, 1918. . Working time by provinces, 1918 Fuel consumption by provinces, 1918 Power employed by provinces, 1918 Miscellaneous expenses, by provinces, 1918. . Imports and e.xports, 1918 Tables I — Lumber cut, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 '■'• II— Lumber cut, by kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918 .■! Ill — Softwoods vs hardwoods, cut by provinces, 1917 and 1918 4 IV— Softwoods vs hardwoods, cut by kinds of wood , 1917 and 1918 4 V — British Columbia lumber, by kinds of wood. 1917 and 1918 .'j VI— Ontario lEmber. bv kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918 5 VII— Quebec lumber, by kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918 6 VIII — New Brunswick lumber, by kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918 6 IX — Nova Scotia lumber, by kinds of wood. 1917 and 1918 7 X — Saskatchewan lumber, bv kinds of wood. 1917 and 1918 7 XI— Manitoba lumber, bv kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918 8 XII— Alberta lumber, bv kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918 8 XIII— Prince Edward Island Lumber, by kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918 9 XIV — Spruce lumber, b>" provinces, 1917 and 191S '.^ XV — White pine lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 1(1 XVI— Douglas tir lumber, bv provinces, 1917 and 1918 10 XVII— Balsam fir lumber, bv provinces, 1917 and 1918 10 XVIII— Hemlock lumber, by provinces. 1917 and 1918 11 XIX — Western yellow or Bull pine lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 11 XX — Cedar lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 11 XXI — Birch lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 12 XXII — Red pine lumber, bj' provinces, 1917 and 1918 12 XXIII— Tamarack lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 13 XXJV — Jack pine lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 13 XXV — Maple lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 14 XXVI — Basswood lumber, bv provinces. 1917 and 1918 14 XXVII— Elm lumber, bv provinces. 1917 and 1918 15 XXVIII— Poplar lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 15 XXVIIIa — Poplar (cottonwood), by provinces, 1917 and 1918 16 XXVIIIfi — Poplar (aspen), bv provinces. 1917 and 1918 16 XXVIII<^Poplar (baLsam), bv provinces. 1917 and 1918 16 XXIX— Ash lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 17 XXX — Beech lumber, bv provinces, 1917 and 1918 17 XXXI— Oak lumber, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 17 XXXII — Lun)ber from minor species, bv provinces, 1917 and 1918 18 XXXIII— Lumber, all other kinds, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 19 XXXIV — Custom sawn lumber, bv provinces, 1917 and 1918 19 XXXV— Lath cut, by provinces, 1917 and 1918 19 XXXVI— Lath cut, by kinds of wood, 1917 and 1918 20 XXXVII— Shingle cut. bv provinces, 191.7 and 1918 20 XXXVIII— Shingle cut, by kinds of wood. 1917 and 1918 20 XXXIX — Timber lands owned, by provinces, 1918 21 XL — Materials used, by provinces. 191S 22-23 XLI — Capital invested in the industry, 1918 24 XLII — Salaried employees by provinces, 1918 25 XLIII — Employees on wages, by provinces, 1918 25 XLIV — Employees on wages, by months by provinces, 1918 26-27 XLV — Working time, by provinces, 1918 28 XL\^ — Fuel consumption, bj' provinces, 1918 29 XLVII — Power employed, by provinces. 1918 30-31 XLVIII — Miscellaneous expenses, by provinces, 1918 32 AppendLv •* ■• • 33-35 iv 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a A. 1921 THE LUMBER INDUSTRY, 1918. Introduction and Summary. In the value of its production, the kimbcr industry in Canada reached the highest point in its historv^ during 1918, with a total of S146,333,192. The items comprising this total were: sawn lumber, $103,700,020; shingles, $8,184,448; lath, 81,369,616, and miscellaneous products, $33,078,508. A table showing the production of lumber, lath and shingles by quantities and values since 1908 is presented below. From 1908 to 1916 the statistics were collected and compiled by the Forestry Branch of the Interior Department, and since 1916 by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics in co-operation with the Forestiy Branch. Cut and Value of Lumber, Shingles .\nb L.\TH, 1908-18. Lumber cut. Shingle cut. Lath cut. Year. Quautity M. Ft. bd. measure. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. M. Value. 190S 3,348,176 3,814.942 4,451,652 4,918,202 4,389,723 3,816,642 3,946,254 3,842,676 3,490,550 4,151,703 3,886,631 4,005,196 S 54,33«,036 62,819,477 77,503,187 75,830,954 69,475,784 65,796,438 60,363,369 61,919,806 58,365,349 83,655,097 103,700,620 70.342,556 1,499,396 1,988,753 1,976,640 1,838,474 1,578,343 1,485,279 1,843,554 3,089,470 2,897,562 3,020,956 2,662,521 2.170,995 S 3,101,996 3,701,182 3,557,211 3,512,078 3,175.319 3.064,641 3,688,746 5,734,852 5,962,933 8,431,215 8,184,448 4,737,693 671,562 822,124 861,953 965,235 899,016 739,678 625,010 793,226 665,588 616,949 438,100 735.313 i 1.487,125 1909 1,979.034 1910 1,943,544 1911 2,212,226 1912 •. 2,064,622 1913 1,783,283 1914 1,585,484 1915 2,040,819 1916 1,743,940 1917 1,828,018 1918 1.369,616 Average 190S-18 .^ , 1.821.610 Comparative statistics. — The following table presents statistics of the lumber industry for the calendar years 1917 and 1918. The number of mills in operation increased by 216 in 1918, or 7-50 per cent; capital investment increased by 832.988,721, or 22-10 per cent: employees on salaries increased by 409, or 12-63 per cent, and salaries by S-592,580, or 12-39 per cent; employees on wages in woods, drives and mills increased in number by 3,98.5, or 7-47 per cent, and the wages paid them bj- $9,999,831, or 29-06 per cent; the cost of fuel increased by $7,060, or 1-21 per cent; miscellaneous expenses by $5,028,844, or 28-45 per cent; materials and mill supplies bv 85,151,804. or 12-65 per cent; and the value of products by $30,448,287, or 26 - 28 per cent. Comparative Statistics of the Lumber Industry 1917 and 1918. Increase over 1917. Mills reporting No. 2.879 3 095 Capital invested $ 149.266.019 182,254,740 Employees on salaries No. 3,159 3.568 Salaries J 4,781,300 5,373.880 592,580 Employees on wages No. 53,318 57,303l ^ages S 34,412.411 44.4I2,242i 9.999.831 Fuelcost % 585.446 592.506* 7.060 Miscellaneous eipenses S 17.678,288 22,707,1321 5,028 844 Cost of materials $ 40,725,028 45,876,832 5,151,804 ^ alue of products $ 113,884,905 146,333, 192| 30,448,287 7-50 22-10 12-63 28-45 12. 65 26-28 vi CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Comparative statistics of the industry are presented in the following sum- marj' table by provinces for the census years 1917 and 1918, showing (a) rank in production, (6) number of mills in operation, (c) capital invested, (d) employees, (e) salaries and wages, (/) cost of materials and (g) value of products. Comparative Statistics by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. ItAiik in Mills produc- report- tion. I ing. Capital. Em- Salaries Cost of ployees and Wages. Materials. No. S S 377 296,931 142,818 U,744 12,442,583 13,969,312 833 525.221 286,841 7,031 4,119.699 6.210,006 3,204 1,399,665 1.579,845 17,245 11,575,659 9,868,769 68 26,856 36.905 11.503 7,764,083 8,106,134 1.470 1,043.011 287,518 it.tn 3».U3,;U M,488,118 261 194,937 101,197 14,015 15.027,765 15,515,229 952 709,097 189,768 6,M2 4,605,387 5.298.535 2,615 1,237,791 1.201.596 17,780 14,751,613 10,309,822 55 30,711 67,347 16,915 12,030,237 12.749,152 1,328 1,192,400 308,079 5 6.1S4 1,832 <*,8<8 ii.ist.va 45,742 557 1917 Alberta... British Columbia Manitoba. New Brunswick Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island., Quebec Saskatchewan Canada 1913 Alberta British Columbia Manitoba. New Brunswick Nova Sootia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon Canada.. 1,08S,055 41,848.719 2.416.1671 21.183,328 8,863,356 43,381,845 127,502 27,551,019 2,301,028 14».2M,«U 468,1 42,408,' 2,581,; I,*»5 182,2£4.;4( 783.954 33.527.560 1.209,175 15,191.275 5,185,258 31,054,31.5 151,633 26,630,120 2,146,615 Ui,8Si,}l3 490,57! 39,442.660 1,316.792 14,977,974 4,563,892 42,872,958 199,684 40,199.895 2,258.450 10,315 14«,SU,lt2 British Columbia, which held first rank in value of production in 1917, occupied third place in 1918, being exceeded by Ontario and Quebec, by S3, 430,- 298 and $757,23.5 respectively. All the other provinces have maintained their relative positions. In the number of mills in operation, Quebec stands first with 1.247; Ontario, second with 875; Nova Scotia third with 419; New Brunswick fourth with 224. and British Columbia fifth with 201. There is a decrease in the number of active mills m all the provinces except Quebec. Ontario and Manitoba, where the increases were 96, 272 and 2 in the order named. The total capital invested in operating mills in the Dominion rose from. §149,266,019 in 1917 to 8182,254,740 in 1918, an increase for the year of $32,988,- 721, or 22-10 per cent. The total number of persons employed shows an increase for the Dominion of 4,394, or 7-8 per cent. The total of persons employed during the year was 60,868, of whom 3.568 were salaried employees and 57,303, wage-earners. The total amount paid to salaried employees in 191S, -was .S5, 373, 880, an increase over the previous year of 8592,580, or 12-39 per cent. Employees working for wages in the woods and mills numbered 57,303 in 1918, as against 53,318 in 1917, and the amount paid ;n wages rose from S34.412.411 in 1917 to S44, 412,242 in 1918, an increase of S9,999,831, or 29-06 per cent. Production. The production of lumber, lath, shingles and other saw-mill products for the year 1918. from 3,095 operating mills was respectivel}': Lumber 3,886.631 thous-iod feet valued at S 103,700,620 Lath 438, 100 thousands, valued at 1,369.616 Shingles 2,662.521 thousiuids, ralued at 8.134.448 Pulpwood 1 ,516,783 cords, valued at 13.416,438 Miscellaneous products (quantities not specified) 14,662,070 A total ^-alue of proJuction in 1918 of { 146.333, 192 LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. vii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Lumber. — Table I shows the lumber cut for the years 1917 and 1918 by provinces, number of mills in operation, quantity and value of cut, average value per thousand feet, per cent distribution of cut and the increase or decrease per cent over 1917. The lumber cut for the Dominion shows a decrease during the year 1918 of 265,072 thousand feet, as compared with 1917. All the provinces show decreases except Quebec, in which there was an increase of 13,510 thousand feet. The increased value of the lumber cut for the year is due principally to the rise in the market price. For all classes of lumber, the average price at the mill in 1917 was .$20.15 per thousand feet, as against $26.68 in 1918, an increase of $6.53 per thousand feet, or 32-4 per cent. Table II presents statistics of the lumber cut, by kinds of wood, for the Dominion. More than twenty-five different kinds of wood were reported, embracing appro.ximately seventy different species. Spruce, white pine and Douglas fir continue to maintain their relative positions as the principal kinds of wood used in lumber production as in former years. There was a large decrease in the cut of spruce lumber in 1918, when compared with the preceding year, arhounting to 323,781 thousand feet. Hemlock, cedar, red pine, balsam fir and yellow or bull pine also show decreases in the cut, while, on the other hand, white pine, Douglas fir. tamarack, all of the hardwoods (except beech and walnut) and custom sawing show small increases. Custom sawn lumber was not specified in the returns bv kinds of wood, the total cut being 208,448 thousand feet, valued at $4,254,014. Tables III and IV deal with the production of lumber classified as hard- woods and softwoods. Table III shows the quantity and percentage of the total cut by provinces, and Table IV the cut by kinds of wood. The cut of softwoods decreased by 1-7 per cent when compared with 1917, while hardwoods increased by the same percentage. The principal hardwoods as shown in table IV are birch, maple, basswood, elm, poplar and beech, and thej' represent nearly 94 per cent of the total cut, being 189,296 thousand feet in a total of 201,667 thousand feet. Tables V to XIII inclusive, present statistics of the lumber cut by provinces and kinds of wood, and are arranged in the numerical order of production for the year. The tables show also for each class of wood sawn: (a) the quantity of the cut, (b) per cent distribution of the cut, (c) the value of the cut, and (d) the average value per thousand feet, board measure. In British Columbia there was a decrease in the total cut of 42,908 thousand feet, to which cedar contributed 30,457 thousand feet; balsam fir, 17,385 thousand feet; and white pine, 14,190 thousand feet. Douglas fir, spruce and tamarack on the other hand show increases in the cut of 9,666, 14,045 and 24,718 thousand feet respectively. The average value per thousand feet rose from $18.75 in 1917 to 824.49 in 1918, or an increase of 30 per cent. In Ontario the cut remained almost stationary, there being a decrease of 202 thousand feet as compared with 1917. White pine, hemlock and red pine show decreases in the cut of 26,384, 43,150 and 2,200 thousand feet respectively, but these decreases were counterbalanced by increases in the cut of spruce of 14,550 thousand feet, maple of 11,777, jack pine of 6,799,' basswood of 5,295, and custom sawn lumber of 36,416 thousand feet. The average value of Ontario's lum- ber rose from $22.91 in 1917 to $30.78 in 1918, being an increase of 34-5 per cent. The province of Quebec is the onh' one showing an increase in cut over 1917, amounting to 13,510 thousand feet. Spruce lumber shows a decrease of 89,068 thousand feet as compared with the previous year, but this loss was made up by ' increases in the cut of almost all the other species, including custom sawn lumber. The increase in the average selling price was $4.66 per thousand feet, or 23 per cent. viii CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 New Brunswick shows a decrease in the cut of all classes of lumber of 150,872 thousand feet. Spruce alone shows a drop of 189,596 thousand feet, hemlock of 10,030 thousand feet and red pine of 4,557 thousand feet. AVhite pine increased by 32,188 thousand feet, cedar by 7,199 thousand feet, and birch by 9,309 • thousand feet The average price, which was .§19.08 ])er thousand feet in 1917, advanced to S27.54 in 1918, an increase of approximately 44 per cent. In Nova Scotia the total cut fell from 236,710 thousand feet in 1917 to 176,- 332 thousand feet in 1918, a decrease of 60,378 thousand feet. Of this decrease spruce accounted for 49,228 thousand feet, hemlock -fur 5,083 thousand feet and beech for 9,596 thousand feet. Birch, maple, and poplar were the principal species showing an increase in the cut. The average price per thousand feet for all kinds of lumber increased from S18.61 in 1917 to $23.21 in 1918, or approx- imately 25 per cent. The Prairie Provinces all show decreases in the volume of the cut. Saskat- chewan fell short of the 1917 cut by 12,540 thousand feet. Alberta by 11,239 thousand feet, and Manitoba by 169 thousand feet. Almost the entire decrease is due to the fall in the cut of spruce lumber. As in the other provinces, the advance in the selling price of lumber has been maintained, ranging from 21 per cent in Saskatchewan and 29 per cent in ^lanitoba to 32 per cent in Alberta. Prince Edward Island shows a small decrease in the quantity of its cut, amounting to 503 thousand feet. Spruce lumber shows an increase in volume of cut amounting to 504 thousand feet, balsam fir and beech also show small increases; the remaining species all show a decrease in the year's cut. The average price rose from .SIS. 17 in 1917 to S21.64 in 1918, or approximately 20 per cent. Tables XIV to XXXIV present detailed stati-stics of lumber production by kinds of wood and also by pro\'inces for the calendar years 1917 and 1918. The commercial species in each class of lumber is appended and the provinces in which each particular species is found are given in the usual abbreviated forms. Where the abbreviation appears in brackets, the species rarely occurs or is of little commercial value in that province. The principal species of wood, which show a decline in the cut of 1918, were: spruce (323,781 thousand feet,) hemlock (50,751 thousand feet), balsam fir (18,389 thousand feet), cedar, (18,136 thousand feet). Western yellow or bull pine (10,396 thousand feet), beech (7,778 thousand feet), elm (1,829 thousand feet), poplar Cottonwood (1,545 thousand feet), and red pine (635 thousand feet). All the remaining species show increases in quantity of cut, the largest being for the'item of custom sawn lumber (table XXXIV), amounting to 47,816 thousand feet. Lath production. — The production of lath by i^rovinces is shown in table XXXV and by kinds of wood in table XXXVI. The year 1918 shows another large decrease in the cut of lath, amounting to 178,849 thousand, which may be accounted for bj' the decline in the building trade owing to high prices of labour and materials. The average value per thousand in the Dominion rose from $2.96 in 1917 to $3.13 in 1918. Ontario leads in the production of lath with 34 per cent of the total cut. New Brunswick holding second place v.-\th 26-8 per cent, Quebec, third, with 17-9 per cent and British Columbia, fourth, with 11-5 per cent. Classified according to kinds of wood spruce continues to hold first position with 194,295 thousand, or 44-4 per cent of the total cut, with white pine in second place with 150,455 thousand, or 34-3 per cent, the remaining species contributing but 21-3 per cent of the total cut by kinds of wood. Shingle production. — Tables XXXVII and XXXVIII show the production # ' of shingles, by pro\'inces and by kinds of Avood. The statistics show a decrease LUMBER. LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. ix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a ill the total cut for the Dominion in 1918 of 358,435 thousand, accounted for by reasons similar to those already stated under lath production. British Columbia furnished 81 -2 per cent of the total output. Quebec is second with 9-4 per cent and New Brunswick third with 6-4 per cent, the remaining provinces contri- buting but 3 per cent. The average value per thousand rose from $2.79 in 1917 to S3.07 in 1918, or an increase of a little more than 10 per cent. Analysed by species of wood used, cedar accounts for 88-3 per cent, white pine for 6-9 per cent, and spruce for 3 • 5 per cent. Of the total cut of cedar shingles, the province of British Columbia produced 2,048,738 thousand, or over 87 per cent, followed by Quebec with 6 ■ 2 per cent and New Brunswick with 4 • 6 per cent. Timber lands oumed. — The estimated acreage, stand and value of virgin standing timber by pro\-inces is presented in table XXXIX. These statistics refer to land owned in fee simple. They do not include timber areas held under lease, hcense or concession, nor do they include vast areas of commercially valuable timber lands not taken up as such. Operators reported a total acreage of 27,118,741, mth standing timber estimated at 88,281.249 thousand feet, valued at $143,240,913, as compared ^vith 19,289,094 acres, 54,317,308 thousand feet of standing timber of the value of §122,501,539 in 1917. The average stand of timber per acre in 1918 was approximately 3-25 thousand feet, as against 2-82 thousand feet in 1917. The estimated average value of standing timber based on the 1917 returns was S2.25 per thousand, while in 1918 the value fell to $1.62 per thousand. Quebec leads all provinces both in the acreage and the stand of timber owned, Ontario is second in acreage and third in stand, New Brunswick, third in acreage and fourth in stand and British Columbia, fourth ill acreage and second in stand. The remaining provinces in point of acreage follow in the order named. Nova Scotia, Manitoba, Alberta, Saskat- chewan and Prince Edward Island, whilst as to the stand of timber the order was as follows: Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Prince Edward Island. The acreage and value of timber on cut or burnt-over lands owned is esti- mated according to reports received during 1918 at 2,190,693 acres, worth $4,028,211, or an average value per thousand feet of $1.84. Raw materials — logs, bolts, etc. Table XL gives statistics of the materials used in the industry by provinces, classified under the following heads: — Timber cut for logs and for bolts from own limits, logs for lumber and bolts for shingles, etc., purchased, rough lumber purchased for further manufacture, other materials including timber for poles, posts and crossties, etc., and freight charges on the materials delivered at the mill or yard. The total cost of all materials used during the year, was $45,742,557, com- prising logs for lumber to the value of $33,667,084, bolts for shingles, valued at $4,967,804, rough lurnber purchased worth $1,801,224, timber for poles, ties, etc., valued at $4,327,486,' and freight charges on materials delivered at the mills of $978,959. The percentage of the cost of materials to the value of products was 31-26 in 1918, as compared with 35 per cent in 1917. The difference is due to the increased price in the value of the product. The per cent distribution of the cost of materials by provinces in 1918 fol- lows in the order named: British Columbia, 33-92; Quebec, 27-88; Ontario, 22-54; New Brunswick, 11-58; Nova Scotia, 2-63; Saskatchewan, 0-67; Manitoba, 0-42; Alberta, 0-22; and Prince Edward Island, 0-13. CENSUS OF INDUSTRY Capital Investment. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table XLI shows the capital invested in operating mills, classified under the following heads: (1) Land, buildings, machinery and tools, in (a) logging and timber plants and (b) saw, shingle and lath mills; (2) materials, stocks in i)rocess of manufacture, finished products and miscellaneous supplies on hand; and (3) working capital including cash, trading and operating accounts and bills receivable. The amount invested in operating mills in 1918 was 8182,254,740, an increase over 1917 of $32,988,721, or approximately 22 per cent. The investment in logging and timber plants advanced from $24,102,44.5 in 1917 to $30,616,522 in 1918, or an increase of 50 per cent. In mills, the investment rose from $48,545,792 in 1917 to $.54,225,840 in 1918, an increase of 12 per cent; materials on hand, stocks in process, etc., from 844,788,359 in 1917 to $55,0.59.898 in 1918, or an increase of 23 per cent, and in working capital from .$31,829,423 in 1917 to $36,352,480 in 1918, or an increase of 14 per cent. A summary- table of capital investment by provinces is presented below for the calendar years 1917 and 1918: Capital Compared in 1917 .\nd 1918. In logging plants. Materials oir hand stocks in^ process, etc. Cash, trading and operating accounts. Total Capital. Canada 1917 1»18 Alberta 1917 1918 British Columbia 191" 191S Manitoba 1917 1918 New Brunswick 1918 Xova Scotia. 1918 Ontario 1917 1918 Prince Edward Island 1917 1918 Quebec 1917 1918 Saskatchewan 19171 1918 2,039,279 8,058/04 31,829.423 8,410,607 9,403.344 41,848,719 42,408,148 Employees, Salaries and Wages. Salaried employees. — The statistics of persons employed on salaries in the lumber industry are given in table XLII by number, class and sex for each of the provinces and the Dominion. The provinces of Alberta and Nova Scotia alone show decreases in the payments of salaries in 1918, as compared with 1917. For the Dominion the increase in the number of all employees in 1918 was 409 and in the amount paid for salaries the increase was $592,580. A comparative summary for the years 1917 and 1918 is given below, showing the number of persons employed, male and female, and the total salaries paid: — LUMBER, LATH. SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Comparative Table of Salaries, 1917 and 1918. 1917 191S Provinces. Employees. Total Salaries. Employees. Total. Salaries. Male. Female. Male. Female. Canada ... No. 2,874 48 762 40 430 201 "26 1 627 39 No. 28S 1 103 1 55 10 72 36 S 4.781,3N 38.070 1,396,213 54,440 545,424 153.419 1.460,007 1,000 1,035.379 77,348 No. s.js; 20 643 36 336 122 912 2 1,175 40 1 No. 2S1 1 104 5 56 15 64 ~ 30 6 i 5,3n,88t Alberta _. 20,760 1,406,647 67,759 589,606 Xora Scotia 91,551 1,824,903 2,200 1,289,593 Saskatchewan Yukon 78,461 2,400 Wage-earners. — The number of employees working in the woods and in the mills and the amount paid in wages to each class is shown in table XLIII. The number of persons employed in the woods and in the mills shows increases over 1917 of 2,560 and 1,430 respectively, or a total of 3,990 in the industry for the Dominion. There was also an increase in the amount paid to labour during the year of 89,999,831, representing an advance of over 29 per cent in the total wage-bill of the industry. The following comparative table summarizes employment and wage-payments for the j-ears 1917 and 1918 for the Dominion and the provinces: — Comparative Table of Employees and Wages, 1917 .and 1918. Provinces. Employees , 1917. Employ ses, 1918. Increase o decrease Number Wages. Number. Wages. Number, i Wages. Canada 53,313 328 13,879 795 6,539 2,994 16,447 67 10,840 1,424 S u.ta,m 258,854 11,046,370 470,781 3,574,275 1,246,246 10,115,652 25.856 6,708,704 965,663 5;,3t3 240 13,268 911 6,551 2,478 16,804 53 15,711 1,282 $ 44.412.24? 174.177 13.621.118 641. 33S 4. 015. 781 1,146,240 12,926.710 28.311 10.740.644 1,113.939 3.784 3,990 — SS —611 —316 337 —14 4.871: —142 t 9.991,831 —84,687 2,574,748 170,557 441,306 — 100,006 2,811,058 2.655 4,031.940 148.276 3,784 The minus sign ( — ) denotes a decrease. From the above it will be seen that while the proAonces of British Columbia, Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan show decreases in the number of per- sons employed, there was a considerable increase in the total wages pajd. The pro^-inces of jSIanitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, and Quebec show increases under each head. Alberta and Xova Scotia show a decrease both in the number of employees and in the payments for wages, and the Yukon is separate!}' report- ed for the first time. The province of Quebec shows the greatest increase during the year, with -4,871 in the number of persons emploj'ed and 84,031,940 in the amount of wages paid. Employment by months—Tahle XLIV presents statistics of employment by months and bj^ classes for each of the pro\"inces and the Dominion. The months of highest employment in the woods are from November to March, for river driA-ing from April to June, and for mill operations from !May to August. The average number engaged during the year was 26.954 in logging and trans- portation, an increase of 2,560 over 1917, or a httle more than 10 per cent; in the mills the average number for the year was 30,349, an increase of 1,560 over 1917, or appro.ximately 5 per cent. xii CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921. Working time of employees. — Tlio miinber of days in oi)c'rati()ii in saw-mills on full time, three-quarter time, half-time and the number of days idle during the year, together with the hours worked per shift and per week, is given in table XIA'. liritish ("olumliia stands first in the time mills were in operation, with 210-41 days in a total of 304 days, Quebec is second with 152-5G days and 8askatcli(>wan third with 188 days. The average for the Dominion was ap- proximately 114 (lays operating and 190 days idle. The average working time per day for tiie Dominion was 9-4 hours and per week 50 -2 hours, while the provinces show but a fractional variation from the above figures. Fuel Consumption. The quantity and value of the principal fuels used in the industry are shown in table XLVI for the Dominion and the provinces. Wood appears as the prin- cipal item, with 94,334 cords valued at .S272,327, coal lieing next in order with 25,995 tons valued at $198,233, followed by fuel oil valued at S40.928, gasoHne at S33,131, and other fuels, including coke, natural gas, etc., to the value of $47,887. The total value of all fuel used during the year was $592,50(5, as com- pared with $585,446 in 1917. Refuse, such as slabs, edgings and saw-dust for which no value is given, is not included in the item of fuel. Power Employed. Table XL\TI presents statistics of jiower eni|)lo>e(I during the year vmder two heads, viz.; jiower owned and power rented. Under the head of power owned, steam leads with 2,516 units of 192,997 rated horse-power of which 175,639 were actually employed; water-wheels and turbines are next in order with 893 units of 41,014 rated horse-power of which 36,009 were actually em- ployed; electric motors with 390 units of a total rated horse-power of 18,577 of which 15,805 were actually employed; gas engines with 112 units of 7,046 rated horse-power and 6,733 actually employed, and gasoline engines with 186 units of a rated horse-power of 3,601 of which 3,364 were actually emploj-ed, and 111 units of other power with a rated horse-power of 3,893 of which 3,523 were actually employed. Rented power included 476 motors of 14,668 rated horse-power of which 11,653 w^ere actually employed, and 23 units described as other power with a rating of 712 horse-power of which 601 were actually employed. The total cost of rented power during the year was $134,275, or $8.73 per rated horse-power, and $10.96 per horse-power for that actually employed. Miscellaneous Expenses. The cost of miscellaneous or overhead expenses for the year 1918 is shown in table XLVIII by provinces. Rent of offices, insurance and other miscel- laneous expenses, amounting to $7,651,967, formed the largest item. Contract work cost $7,360,291; supplies for board of men and'horses, $5,946,730; taxes $1,448,352; rent of mill or factory, $299,792. and rent of power. $134,275. making a total outlav for the Dominion of $22,841,407, which is an increase over the year 1917 of $4,926,239, or 27-5 per cent. Imports and Exports. The vaUie of forest products imported into Canada during the calendar year 1918 amounted to $11,999,940. of which logs contributed $380,338 and all other remanufactmed wood $11,619,602. Over 99-5 per cent of the imports of forest products comes from the United States. The exports of Canadian forest products during the calendar year 1918, as shown in the trade reports, were valued at $65,372,236. comprising logs to the value of $547,351 , and all other unmanufactured wood to the value of $64,824,885. Over 86 per cent of Canada's forest products is exported to the United States. 11 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a A. 1921 TABLES. 1. LUMBER PRODUCTION. (a) Summfiries of Cut: Page. Table I — Summary of cut by provinces 0 II — Summary of cut by kinds of wood 0 III — Softwoods and hardwoods by provinces 0 IV — Softwoods and hardwoods by kinds of wood 0 (bj Cut, by provinces showing kinds of wood: V — British Columbia 0 VI — Ontario 00 VII— Quebec T 00 VIII — New Brunswick , 00 IX — Nova Scotia : 00 X — Saskatchewan 00 XI — Manitoba 00 XII— Alberta 00 XIII— Prince Edward Island 00 (c) Cut, by kinds of wood, by provinces: XIV— Spruce 00 ^ XV — White pine 00 XVI— Douglas fir 00 XVII— Balsam fir 00 XVIII— Hemlock 00 XIX — Western Yellow or Bull pine : 00 XX— Cedar 00 XXI— Birch 00 XXII— Red pine 00 XXIII— Tamarack •. 00 XXIV— Jack pine ' 00 XXV— Maple 00 XXVI— Basswood 00 XXVII— Elm 00 XXVIII— Poplar (all kinds) 00 XXVIII (a)— Poplar (Cottonwood) 00 XXVIII lb —Poplar lAspenl 00 XXVIII ;c— Poplar iBalsamj 00 XXIX— Ash 00 XXX— Beech 00 XXXI— Oak 00 XXXII — Minor species 00 XXXIII— Other kinds, not specified 00 XXXIV— Custom 00 2. LATH AND SHINGLE PRODUCTION. XXXV — Lath cut, by provinces 00 XXXVI— Lath cut, by kinds of wood 00 XXXVII — Shingle cut, by provinces 00 XXXVIII— Shingle cut, by kinds of wood 00 3. TIMBER LANDS OWNED, BY PROVINCES. XXXIX — Timber lands owned, by provinces 00 4. MATERIALS USED, BY PROVINCES. XL — Materials used, by provinces 00 5. CAPITAL INVESTED, BY PROVINCES. XLI — Capital invested, by provinces 00 6. EMPLOYEES, SALARIES AND WAGES, AND WORKING TIME. XLII — Employees on salaries, by provinces 00 XLIII — Employees on wages, by provinces 00 XLIV — Employees by months, by provinces 00 XLV — Working time, by provinces 00 7. FUEL CONSUMPTION, BY PROVINCES. XL VI — Fuel consumption, by provinces 00 8. POWER EMPLOYED, BY PROVINCES. XL VII — Power employed, by provinces 00 9. MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES, BY PROVINCES. XLVIII — Miscellaneous expenses, by provinces 00 11 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a A. 1921 TABLEAUX 1. PRODUCTION DU BOIS DE CONSTRUCTION. la) Resume des operations de sciage: . Page. I — Resume du sciage, par provinces 00 II — Resume du sciage, par essences de bois 00 III — Bois durs et bois tendres, par provinces 00 IV — Bois durs et bois tendres, par essences 00 (b) Sciage, par provinces, des differentes essences: V — Colombie-Britannique OC VI— Ontario 00 VII — Quebec 00 VIII — Nouveau-Brunswick 00 IX — Nouvelle-Ecosse 00 X — Saskatchewan 00 XI— Manitoba. 00 XII— Alberta 00 XIII— He du Prince-Edouard 00 (c) Sciage, par essences, dans chaque province: XIV— Epinette 00 XV— Pin blanc 00 XVI — Sapin Douglas 00 XVII — Sapin baumier ; 00 XVIII— Pruche 00 XIX — Pin massif 00 XX— Cedre 00 XXI— Bouleau 00 XXII— Pin rouge 00 XXIII— Tamarac ' 00 XXIV— Pin gris 00 XXV— Erable 00 XXVI— Tilleul 00 XXVII— Orme 00 XXVIII — Peuplier itoutes varietes) 00 XXVIII la I — Peuplier cotonnier 00 XXVIII (b)— Peuplier tremble 00 XXVIII (O— Peuplier baumier 00 XXIX— Frene 00 XXX- Hetre 00 XXXI— Chene 00 XXXII — Essences secondaires 00 XXXIII — Autres essences, non specifi^es 00 XXXIV— Clientele 00 2. PRODUCTION DE LA LATTE ET DU BARDEAU. XXXV — Fabrication des lattes, par provinces 00 XXXVI — Fabrication des lattes, par essences 00 XXXVII — Fabrication des bardeaux, par provinces. 00 XXXVIII — Fabrication des bardeaux, par essences 00 3. TERRES BOISEES APPARTENANT A DES COMPAGNIES OU PARTICULIERS. XXXIX — Terres boisees appartenant a des compagnies ou particuliers 00 4. MATIERES PREMlfiRES CONSOMMEES, PAR PROVINCES. XL — Matieres premieres consommees, par provinces 00 5. CAPITAUX ENGAGES. PAR PROVINCES. XLI — Capitaux engages, par pro\'inces 00 6. PERSONNEL, APPOINTEMENTS ET SALAIRES ET DUREE DU TRAVAIL. XLII — Employes, commis, vendeurs, etc., par provinces 00 XLIII — Ouvriers et joumaliers, par pro\nnces 00 XLIV — Ouvriers, par mois et par provinces 00 XLV — Duree des operations, par provinces 00 7. CONSOMMATION DE COMBUSTIBLE, PAR PROVINCES. XLVI — Consommation de combustible, par provinces 00 8. FORCE MOTRICE, PAR PROVINCES. XL VII — Force motrice, par provinces 00 9. FRAIS GENERAUX, PAR PROVINCES. XLVIII — Frais generaux, par provinces 00 LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table I. — Lumber cut, by provinces, 1917-18. Tableau I. — Bois de construction scie, par provinces, 1917-1918. Number of firms reporting. Nombre d'fetablisse- ments Per cent distribution of cut. Pour- cent, de I'augm. 3U de la dimin- du Canada. Ontario — Ontario , Quebec — Quebec . New Brunswick - Brunswick Nova Scotia — Nouvelle* 2,879 603 1,151 3,09a 875 1,247 1000 30-4 Prince Edward Island — lie du Prince-Edouard British Columbia — Colom- bie Britannique Saskatchewan — Sasfcatche- Manitoba — Manitoba. , Alberta — Alberta Yukon — Yukon 593,497 236,710 6,896 1,200,544 88,375 54,216 33,627 11,324,101 4,404,109 125,309 22,109,301 2,036,029 962,146 536,927 12,189,312 4,092,039 136,336 28,351,207 2,122,307 1,240,052 473,694 10,315 19 08 18 61 18 17 18 47 23 04 17 75 15 97 27 54 23 19 21 32 24 49 27 ' - 6 4 - '-O -I- 1-6 -25-9 -25-5 - 7-3 -14-2 - 0-3 -33-4 * Less than one-tenth of one per cent — Moins de un dixifime de un pour cent. Table II. — Lumber cut, by kinds of wood, 1917-18. Tableau II. — Bois de construction scie, par essences, 1917-1918. Percent- age of increase Pourcent diffi- rentiel sur — lumber Valeur to tale du bois de cons- truction 1918 of total cut Pourcentage de chaque Total Spruce — Epinette blanche White pine — Pin blanc Douglas fir — Sapin Douglas Hemlock — Pniche Cedai— CMre Red pine — Pin rouge Balsam fir — Sapin baumier Yellow or bull pine — Pin massif Birch — Bouleau Tamarack — Tamarac Maple — Erable Jack pine — Pin gris Beech— Hetre Elm — Orme Basswood — Tilleul Poplar— Peuplier Ash — Fr&ne Oak— Chene Yellow cypresa— Cypr^ Chestnut — Marronnier Hickory — Noyer tomenteux Butternut— Noyer cendrfi Cherry — Cerisier Walnut — Noyer commun Red Alder — Aulne rouge Other kinds — Autres essences Cuatom sawing — Sciage pour clients, . . . *Le8s than one-tenth of one per cent — Mi 4,151,703 1,466,558 791,592 704,41 324,107 148.364 102,751 104,957 75,102 60,576 53,844 21,105 19,825 16,102 15,850 14,790 9,526 6,650 1,894 46 276 3,886,631 1,142,777 808,652 715,812 273,356 130,228 102,105 94,774 64.737 76.165 77,135 47,884 23,512 8.321 19,016 23.965 13,945 7,827 3,014 8,219 735 213 1000 1000 + 25-7 + 43-2 -f 126-9 + 18-6 - 48-3 + 20-0 + 620 + 71 - + 17 + 37-6 4-17,767-0 -I-166-3 + 26-8 -1-118-2 -I-392-2 - 72-5 4-1,100-0 - 34-6 -f 2S-5 1,198,716 i, 958, 500 ,347,058 i, 753,119 1,186,565 ;, 354, 827 1,260,196 ,425.447 1,215,847 ,943,269 ,355.255 638,306 218,620 423,840 569,100 302,058 197.254 109.599 186,566 22,191 8,910 10,050 6,296 705 1.087 35-3| 19-1 16-9 29-5 20-8 18-5 17 73 19 86 18 46 24 50 18 83 22 98 25 31 18 22 26 20 21 54 19 98 21 22 25 00 16 64 22 87 40 25 15 17 39 53 40 24 20 00 IS 05 18 84 26 68 25 55 33 34 24 23 24 70 24 47 32 86 23 85 22 02 29 10 25 19 28 30 27 15 26 27 22 29 23 75 21 66 25 20 33 65 22 70 30 19 41 83 38 07 25 08 58 75 19 80 22 02 20 60 i de un disi^me de un pour cent. CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table III. — Soft vs. Hardwoods. — Total quantity and percentage each forms of the total lumber production in Canada and in each province in 1917-18. Tableau III. — Bois durs et bois tendres. — Leurs quantites et productions respectives dans la production du bois de construction au Canada et dans chaque province, en 1917-1918. Softwood*— Bois tendres Provinces Hardwood*— Bois durs Provinces Quantity M ft. B..M. Quantity MP.. M.P. Percent of total Pourcentage du total Quantity M ft. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Percent of total Pourcentage du total 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total 1,004,538 1,186,339 1.055,828 778,307 587,792 215,449 88, 178 53,480 33,286 5,879 3,684,904 1,156,510 1,033,668 737,260 428,372 154,255 75,821 51,443 21,681 5,725 229 96! 98 -S 95- 94 C 99-e 91( 99-S 98-f 98-S 85-3 94-8 99-9 93-1 90-0 96-8 86-4 100-0 95-2 96-8 89-0 100-0 Total 147,165 14,205 54,436 49,267 5,705 21,261 197 736 341 1,017 201, m; 1,126 76,394 83,824 14,253 22,077 14 2,604 707 668 1-5 1-2 4-9 6-0 1-0 9-0 0-2 1-2 1-1 14-7 5-2 British Columbia 0-1 6-9 Quebec 10-0 New Brunswick 32 13-6 4-8 Alberta 3-2 Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island.. 11-0 •Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un diri&me de un pour ( Table IV. — Softwoods vs. Hardwoods. — Comparison of quantities of each produced in Canada and percentage each forms of the total, 1917-18. Table IV. — Bois durs et bois tendres. — Production comparative, absolue et relative des diffe- rentes essences pour I'ensemble du Canada, en 1917-1918. ICinds of wood Essences Quantity M ft. b.m. Quantity MP. M.P. Percent of total Pourcentage du total Kinds of Wood Essences Quantity M ft. B,.M. Quantity MP. M.P. Per cent of total Pourcentage du total 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total, all woods— Total, 4,151,703 4.004,538 1,466,558 791,592 704,412 324,107 148,364 102,751 104,957 73,102 53,844 19,825 46 212,980 3,886,631 3,684,964 1,142,777 808,652 715,812 273,356 130,228 102,105 94,774 64,737 77,135 23,512 8,219 243,657 100-0 96-S 35-3 19-1 16-9 7-8 3-6 2-5 2-6 1-8 1-3 0-5 5-1 100-0 94-8 29-4 20-8 18-5 7-1 3-4 2-6 2-4 1-6 2-0 0-6 0-2 6-2 Total.all woods— Total, 4,151,703 147,165 60,576 21,105 14,790 16,102 15,850 9,526 6,650 51 1,894 276 121 224 3,886,631 201,667 76,165 47,884 23,965 8,321 19,016 13,945 7,827 251 3,014 735 264 280 1000 s-s 1-6 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-2 0-1 1000 Total, softwoods— Total, Total, hardwoods — Total, bois durs Birch — Boulcau,. 5-2 Spruce— Epinette blanche . White pine — Pin blanc Douglas fir — Sapin Dou- 2-0 Basswood— Tilieul Beech— Hetre 0-6 0-2 Elm— Orme 0-5 Poplar— Peuplier 0-4 Red pine — Pin rouge Balsam fir — Sapin baumier Western yellow or buUpine Cherry— Merisier Oak— Chtoe Chestnut— Marronnier.. Butternut — Noyer cen- drfe • Tamarack— Tamarac Jack pine — Pin gris Yellow c,\T)ress^-Cyprte... Other kinds including cus- tom sawing — Autres es- sences, y compris sciage All other — Tous autres. ; •Less than-tenth of one per cent— Moins de un din&me de un pour cent. LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table V.— British Columbia Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917-1918. Tableau V. — ^Le bois de construction en Colombie Britannique, par essences, 1917-1918. Kinds of Wood — Essences ToUI Douglas fir — Sapin Douglas Cedar— CMre l^pruce — Epinette blanche Western vellow pine (Bull pine) — Pin massif Hemlock — Pniche Tamarack — Tamarac Balsam fir — Sapin baumier White pine — Pin blanc Birch— Bouleau Poplar (Cottonwood) — Peuplier (cotonnierl Jack pine — Pin gris Yellow c>T)ress— Cyprte Maple — Erable Red alder — .\ulne rouge Other kinds — Autres essences. Custom sawing — Sciage, pour clients 704.352 121,723 95,899 75,102 53.936 45.050 714.018 91,266 109,944 69,768 12,172 6.2S0 Total value Valeur totale 12,490,192 2,290,226 1.692,657 1.726,113 1,038.986 811,483 606,049 418.710 253,355 17,299.290 2,333,740 3,044,708 1.424.727 1,338 " 1,745 256.655 161,829 674 23.766 19,115 163,266 Average value per M. ft. B.it. Valeur moyenne par MP. MP. 1917 17-73 lS-82 17-65 22-98 19-26 18 01 20-50 20-45 20-49 12-56 18-33 15-17 20-00 20-00 18-83 19-12 1918 24-23 25-57 27-70 22-02 24-29 25-02 21-08 25-77 16-85 22-42 20-66 22-95 16-14 17-40 21-46 19-48 •Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi^me de un pour cent. Table VI.— Ontario Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917-1918. Tableau VI. — Le bois de construction dans Ontario, par essences, 1917 et 1918. Kinds of Wood — Essences Total value Valeur totale Average value perM. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par MP. M.P. ToUl White pine — Pin blanc Hemlock — Pruche Red pine — Pin rouge Spruce — Epinette blanche Elm— Orme Maple — Erable Jack pine — Pin gris Birch— Bouleau Basswood — Tilleul Cedar — CMre Ash— Frtoe Tamarack — Tamarac Beech— HStre Balsam fir — Sapin baumier Oak— ChSne Poplar Cbaisam)-Peuplier ^baumier) Poplar (aspen) — Peuplier (tremble) Poplar (cottonwood)^Peuplier (cotonnier) Chesnut — Marronnier Hickory — Noyer tomenteux Cherry — Cerisier W'alnut — Xoyercommun Butternut — Noyer cendr6 Other kinds — Autres essences Custom sawing — Sciage, pour clients 611,726 164,688 91,893 49,477 12,646 12,574 12,227 10.421 8.952 5,770 3,010 2.535 1.809 64,127 13,780 24,351 19,026 10.485 14.247 3,230 1,741 1,387 3,592 2,061 2,296 1,385 3,484 82 2,550 144,714 2o.lI8,449.Xl,168,;U 14,870,638:20.336,885 3.3.i9,985: 3.183,841 2,266, 1,167.918 1.931.947 9.633 2,151 1.334 24-31 20-28 24-66 23-61 20-85 27-27 22-12 28-20 25-58 13-73 22-71 20-42 20-84 20-17 40 01 17-02 20-03 19-88 40-14 40-58 66-70 80-50 33-18 9-81 i cts. 3(-78 34-74 26-19 33-21 30-13 20-39 28-94 27-87 33-29 19-24 24-98 31-35 26-40 27-28 23-49 33-48 20-94 21-52 23-57 30-19 43-87 34 24 70-62 29-73 22-72 20-78 *Less than one tenth of one per cent . — Moins de un diiidme de un pour cent. 17a— 2 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Table VII. —Quebec Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau VII. — Le bois de construction dans Quebec, par essences, en 1917 et 1918. Kinde of Wood — Essences Total value Valeur totale Avera^ie value per M. ft. B.M. Valeui moyennc pur MP. MP. Tout Spruce — Epinette blanche White pine — Pin blanc Hemlock — Pniche Balsam hr — Sapin twuinier. Birch — Bouleau Cedar— Cddre Maple — Erable Basswood — Tilleul Tamarack — Tamarac Ash— Fr^nc Red pine — Pin rouge Poplar (aspen) — Peuplier (tremble) Elm — Orme Beech— Hare Jack pine— Pin gris loplar (balsam )-Peuplier (baumier) Oak— Ch^ne Hickor>- — Xoyer tomenteux Butternut — Noyer cendr6 Walnut — Noyer commun Chestnut— Marronnier Cherry — Cerisier Poplar tcottonwood )— Peuplier (cotonnier) Other kinds— Autres essences Custom sawing — Sciage, pour clients 548,159 459.091 108,306 137. 2S2 45,381 51,82C 30,097 34,6ie 26,839 39.833 11.549 19.227 7.389 18.88! 4.453 9.542 3.733 4,002 3,444 6.084 3.422 10.514 2.781 1.836 2,179 5.2W 1.194 1.126 2.849 2.272 u.;i8.;m 10.528,751 2,559,872 917,169 551,541 721.209 219.135 182.316 HI 'H M.fK.IM 10.896,168 4.002.780 1.19S,754 771,100 1,170.4»2 419.477 SST.-'iQl 9.266 15,545 9.516 28,920 47.4'J2 39.413 47,129 141.986 .22,528 '58,892 29,398 61,712 7072 12.413 7,585 10.813 4,610 2.725 2.393 9.277 3.330 140 1.278 - 2.177 4.892 3.15 665 192.924 202.483 291.346 5)4.588 Mil 19 21 23 64 20-21 18-32 26-85 18.9 24-68 25-04 19-01 23-06 25-63 17-08 21-63 18-87 19-52 15-31 43-84 40-08 2195 81-22 35 50 70-23 14-87 23-73 29-16 23-13 22-28 29-38 21-86 28-45 30-39 25-46 23-44 30-95 21-47 27-28 26- 11 27-16 28-02 34-88 37-85 38.94 35-00 23-29 20-15 I *Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi^me de un pour cent. Table VIII.— New Brunswick Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau VIII. — Le bois de construction au Nouveau-Brunswick, par essences, en 1917 et 1918. Kinds of Wood— Essences Quantity M. ft. B.M. Quantity MP MP. Per cent distribution t'ourceotage du total Total Valeur value totale Average value per M. ft. B M Valeur moyenne par MP. MP. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 5N.4*: 457.746 38.161 36, 707 29,192 9,258 5,555 4,100 1,076 806 291 277 127 49 48 13 1 1,6«0 8,430 268,150 70.349 38.689 19.162 16.457 998 13.409 129 1.621 587 157 51 10 60 '7 1.837 10.952 INI 77-1 6-4 6-2 4-9 1-6 0-9 0-7 0-2 01 0-1 "i" 0-3 1-4 IN* 60-6 158 8-7 4-3 3-7 0-2 '." 04 0^1 0-4 2 5 t ii,n4,m 8,518,085 865.690 665.015 533 895 148.619 121,026 108.469 21.880 13.880 6.120 4.304 2,179 1.162 965 243 40 32,500 280.029 $ lt.18t.su 7.409.857 2.195,303 1,031,611 437 798 351,483 25,321 403.548 4.092 51.724 10.932 3.936 1.082 270 1.410 120 45.7io 215.045 t CU 11*8 18-61 22-69 18-12 18-29 1605 21-79 26-46 20-33 17-22 21 03 15-54 17-15 23-71 20-10 18-69 40-00 I 19-58 33-22 f Cts. 27-63 31 20 Balsam fir — Sapin baumier Hemlock-Pruche Cedar— Cfdre 26-66 22-85 21-36 25-37 30-09 31-72 31-91 18-62 25-07 Poplar (aspen)— Peuplier (tremble) Elm— Orme 21-22 27-00 Beech— H«tre 23-50 - Poplar (Cottonwood)— Peuplier . Cherr>— Cerisier Poplar balBam)-Peuplier (baumier) Butternut— Xoyer cendrf Other kinds— Autres essences Custom saning — Sciage. pour 1714 24-92 19»3 'Less than one-tenth of one per cent — Moina de un dixi^me de un pour crat. LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table IX.— Nova Scotia Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau IX. — Le bois de construction en Nouvelle-Ecosse, par essences, 1917 et 1918. Kinds of Wood — Essences Total value Valeur totale Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur raoyenne par MP. M.P. .Spruce — Epinette blanche. . . Hemlock — Pniche Beech— H«tre White pine — Pin blanc Birch— Bouleau Balsam fir— Sapin baumier. Red pine — Pin rouge Tamarack — Tamarac. Elm-On Maple — Erable Jack pin? — Pin gris Oak -Chtae Ash — Fr^ne Poplar (cotonwood)^Peuplier (cotonnier) Basswood — Tilleul Poplar (aspen) — Peuplier (tremble) Butternut — Noyer cendr^ Poplar (balsam)-Peuplier (baumier) Dther kinds — .4utres essences Custom sawing — Sciage. pour clients im.n* U2.6S.5 30,611 12,958 12,467 6.303 4,664 1.87S 1,221 885 567 i;c,33« 93,467 25,528 3,362 9,379 12,04; 5,122 445 26 1,494,977 601,702 258,7:" 273,593 144,562 84,048 33.329 23,336 22,501 16,334 13,0.30 7,100 4,e92,«3» 2,163.495 589. 955 S'5,429 261,153 2»2,8S1 110,718 11,363 515 38 18 CI 17,48 19-66 19-97 21-95 22-94 18-02 17-75 1911 25-42 28-81 29-36 .38-37 23-39 20 00 23-08 17-90 15-00 19-89 19-67 23-15 23-11 25-41 2i-/4 23-48 21-62 25-54 19-81 19-00 25-24 20-00 53-70 22-50 *Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Mo Table X. — Saskatchewan Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau X._ — Le bois de construction en Saskatchewan, par essences, 1917 et 1918. Kinds of Wood— Essences Quantity .M. ft. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Percent distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale Average value per M. ft. B.M. Vaieur moyenne par MP. M.P. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 ■ 1917 1918 Total Spruce . — Epinette blanche Poplar (aspen)— Peuplier (tremble) Poplar (Cottonwood) .Peuplier 88,37S 88.153 194 3 25 75,835 75.. 501 14 320 . IMO 99-8 0-2 1000 99-6 0-4 $ 2.036,029 2,031,669 3,810 50 500 $ 2,1W,30J 2,115.694 218 t cts. 23 04 23 05 19-64 t ets. n w 28-02 15-57 Tamarack — Tamarac Jack pine — Pin gris Custom sawing— Sciage, pour clients 6.395 20-00 2O0O *Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi&me de un pour cent. 17a— 2* CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table XI.— Manitoba Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XI. — Le bois de construction au Manitoba, par essences, en 1917 et 1918. Kinds of Wood — Eeaencce Quantity Per cent Averag perMJ M. ft. B.M. diAtribution Total value t. B.M. Quantity Pourcentaee du total Valeur totale Valour moyenne MP. MP. par MP. MP. 1917 191S 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 i t i cts t ct». S4,21l u.u> IM-I IN* ta.ut l,t4(,tSI i7-;s a-M 52,5S4 50,220 96-9 92-9 928.350 1,154,847 17,65 22-99 340 528 0-6 10 4.946 10.915 14-55 20-67 280 241 0-5 0-4 5.280 5.770 18-86 23-94 160 - 0-3 - 4.750 29-69 - 120 - 0-2 - 3.360 28-00 _ * 108 2.070 0-2 3-8 2,140 48,880 19-81 23. 61 92 86 0-2 01 1.460 1.560 15-87 18-14 80 - 0-2 - 2,400 - 30-00 - 30 - 01 — 1.300 - 43-33 _ 28 - 01 — 450 - 1607 - 20 - • - 900 - 45-00 _ 10 6 • • 300 160 30 00 26-66 10 400 Oi 220 8000 22-00 2000 260 ; 0-5 I 4,720 I 22-00 I 94 496 0-2 0-9 1,570 9-920 16-70 2000 Total.. Spruce— Epinette blfLnche Poplar (aspen) — Peuplier (tremble) Tamarack — Tamarac White pine — Pin blanc Baaswood — Tilleul Poplar (balsam )-Peuplier (baumier) Jack pine — Pin gria Elm—Orme , Oak— C bene Ash — Fr&ie Maple— Erable Birch — Bouleau.. Balaam fir — Sapin baumier Poplar (cot ton wood ) — Peuplier (cotonnier) Cdar— CMre Other kinds— Autres essences Custom saning — Sciage,, pour clients *Lefi8 than one-teQth of one per oeat — Moins de un dixi^me de un pour cent. Table XII.— Alberta Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XII. — Le bois de construction en Alberta, par essences* 1917 et 1918. Kinds of Wood— Essences Total value Valeur totale Average ^ per M. ft. Voleur mc par .M.P. Total.. Spruce — Epinette blanche Jack pine — Pin gris Poplar (cottonwood) — Peuplier (cotonnier) Tamarack — Tamarac Poplar (aspen)— Peuplier (tremble) Douglas fir — Sapin Douglas Poplar (balsam)-Peuplier (baumier) Birch — Bouleau Other kinds — Autres essences Custom sawing — Sciage, pour elicits 3.64 4.17; 99; 1.066 46o 1.400 14, s: U 97 1507 19-42 14-63 17-77 1500 18-67 16-77 S cts. nu 19-74 10-50 17-11 *Les5 than one-tenth of one per cent. — Morns de un dixi^me de un pour cent. LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table XIII. — Prince Edward Island Lumber, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XIII. — Le bois de construction dans I'lle du Prince-Edouard, par essences, 1917 et 1918. Kinds of Wood — Essences Total Spruce — Epinette blanche Balsam fir— Sapin baumier Birch— Bouleau Hemlock — Pniche White pine — Pin blanc , Jack pine — Pin gris Maple — Erable Basswood — Tilleul Beech— H«tre Cedar- CMre Poplar Cbalsam)-Peuplier (baumier) Elm — Orme Poplar (aspen) — Peuplier (tremble) Tamarack — Tamarac Red pine — Pin rouge Poplar (Cottonwood) — Peuplier (cotonnier) Other kinds — Autres essences Custom sawing — Sciage, pour clients 100 0 33-2 Total value Valeur totale 135,309 30,8S2 24,108 11,44S 5,443 4,175 5,540 4,172 1,9!I0 1,825 1,075 235 212 i 136,336 48,511 33,704 9-123 4,006 550 3,160 4,164 Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par MP. M.P. 18 17 18-12 14-60 21-28 18-20 13-96 20-00 16-43 19-50 19-62 16-80 15-66 19-27 18-75 20-25 21-66 S cts. 21-64 21-57 19-66 26-04 20-34 27-50 24-49 15-00 21-10 •Less than one-tenth of one p&r cent. — lloins de un dixi^me de un pour cent. Table XIV. — Spruce Lumber, by Provinces,. 1917 and 1918. Tableau XIV. — L'epinette comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Total Quebec New Brunswick — . . . . Xova Scotia British Columbia Saskatchew.in JIanitoba Ontario Alberta Prince Edward Island Yukon 548, 159 457,746 142,695 95,899 88. 153 52.584 49.477 30, 141 1,704 439.091 268,130 93,467 109,944 75.501 50,220 64,127 19,800 2,248 Tot.-il value Valeur totals 27, 870, 513 10,528,751 8,518,085 2.494,977 1,692,6.57 2,031,669 928,350 1.167,918 477.254 30,882 29,198,716 10,896,168 7,409,857 2,163,495 3.044,708 2,115.694 1,154,847 1,931,947 423,174 48,511 10,315 Valeur moyenne par lyi.P. M.P. 19-00 19-21 18-61 17-48 17-65 23-05 17-65 23-61 15-83 18-12 25-55 23-73 27-64 23 15 ,27-70 28-02 23-00 30-13 21-38 21-57 45-04 Commercial species included: — W^hite spruce (Picea canadensis) — All provinces. Red spruce (Picea rubra)— P.E.I., N.S., N.B., Que, (Ont.). Black spruce (Picea mariana) — .\11 provinces. Engelman Spruce (Picea Engelmanni)— B.C., .41ta. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)— B.C. *Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins di Dans I_e commerce on comprend sous ce nom; I.'6pinette blanche (Picea can.adensis) — Toutesles provinces. L'epinette rouge (Picea rubra)— I.P.-E., N.-E., N.-B., ( (Ont.). L'epinette noire (Picea mariana) — Touts les provinces. L'Spinette Engelman (Picea Engelmanni)— C.B., Alta. - L'epinette Sitka (Picea Sitchensis)— C.-B. dixi^me de un pour cent. 10 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V. A. 1912 Table XV.— White Pine Lumber, by Pr vinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XV. — Le pin blanc comme boisde constru on, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Province Quantity M. (t. B..M. Quantity MP. MP. Per cent diatribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totalc Average value pcrM. (t.B.M. Valcur moyennc par MP. MP. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total 7U,SK 611,726 108,306 38,161 20,473 12,467 299 160 8*8, (SZ 585,342 137,282 70.349 6.280 9,379 20 INI 77-3 INt 72-4 } 18,M7,t» 14,870,638 2.559.872 865.690 418,710 273,593 4,175 4,750 I I«,N8,M* 20,336,885 4,002,780 2,195.303 161.829 261,153 550 t CU. 2S-N 24-31 23-64 22-69 20-45 21-94 13-96 29-69 t Ct8. >1-U 34-74 13-7 17-0 29-16 4-8 2-6 1-6 8-7 0-8 1-1 41-06 25-77 27-84 27-50 Commercial species included: — Dans le commerce on comprend sous ce nom: White pine (Pinus strobus)— P.E.I. , N.S., N.B., Que., Le pin blanc (Pinus strobus)— I.P.-E., N.-E., N.-B., Qu6., Ont.. Ont., (Man.). (Man.). Westera white pine (Pinus monticola) — B.C. _ Le pin blanc de I'ouest (Pinus monticola) — C.B. "L«sa than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi6me de un pour cent. Table XVI. — Douglas Fir Lumber, by Provinces, 1^17 and 1918. Tableau XVI. — Le sapin Douglas, comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 Province Quantity M. ft. B.M. Quantity M.P. M.P. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyennc par MP. M.P. ToUI 1917 7U.US 704,352 60 1918 714. M8 714.018 1917 IM • 100^0 1918 IN'* 1917 1918 t I 12.4SI.2S8 17.2M.2N 1917 t ct« 17 71 17-73 17-77 1918 S eta. un 99-9 12, 490, 192'l7. 299.290 1.0681 24-23 Alberta . 1 Commercial species included: — Dans le commerce, ce nom appnrtient au: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata) — B.C., (Alta.). Sapin Douglas (Pseudotsuga mucronata) — C-B. (Alb.) 'Lcsa than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi^me de un pour cent. Table XVII,— Balsam Fir Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XVII. — Le sapin baumier, comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918. Province Quantity M. ft. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Percent diatribution Pourcentage du total Total value Vaieur totale -Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenno par MP. MP. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 0 1918 1917 1918 Total lt4,U7 36,707 30,097 29.557 4.654 2.271 1,651 10 N,5(8 38,689 35,820 12.172 5.152 2.621 1.714 400 IN* 34-9 28-7 28-2 4-4 2-2 1-6 IN* 40-0 37-1 12-6 5-4 2-7 1-8 0-4 5 % 1,I7(,7N 2.U7,N4 665.015 1.031.611 • cts. 18-81 18-11 18-32 20-50 18-02 20-17 14-60 22-00 t cts. »-N 26-6« 551.541 606.049 84.048 45.809 24.108 220 804.835 256.635 111.518 61.641 33.704 8.000 22-46 21-08 21-64 23-52 19-66 20-00 Commercial species included: — Balsam fir {Abies balsamea)— AH provinces but BC. Mountain fir (.\biea lasiocarpa) — B.C., Alta. Amabilis fir (Abien amabilis) — Coast region of B.C. A'land fir {.\bie8 grandis)— -Coaat region of B.C. •Leas than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins deun diii^me de un pour cent. Dans le commerce, on comprend sous ce nom: Le sapin Daumier (Abies balsamea) — Toutes lea provinces eaufC.B. Le sapin des Alpee (.\bies lasiocarpa) — C.B.. Alb. I^ sapin Amabilis (Abies amabilis)— Littoral. C.B. Le sapin des plaines (Abies grandis) — Littoral C.B. LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES. ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table XVIII.— Hemlock Lumber, by Provinces. 1917 and 1918. Tableau XVIII. — La pruche, comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Province Quantity M. ft. B.M. Quantity M.P. MP. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale .\vrrage va^uc per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par M.P. M.P. 1917 191S 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 ToUl 164. ess 33.936 45.381 29,192 30.611 299 »3.U« 121,538 55,111 51,820 19.162 25-528 197 1H-* 500 16-6 140 90 9-4 0-1 INI 44-5 20- 1 18-9 7-0 9-4 01 $ C. 437. 18* 3.339,985 1.038.986 917.169 533.895 601.702 5,443 S c,;ij,ii» 3,183,841 1,338,766 1,198,754 437,798 589.954 4.006 S cts. IS g( 20-28 19-26 20-21 18-29 19.66 18-20 1 cts. New Brunswick 22-33 20-34 Commercial species included: — Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) — P.E.I., X.S., Qui Ont. Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)— B.C. Dans le commerce, on comprend sous ce nom ; , La pruche de Test (Tsuga canadensis) — I. P. E., X. Qu6.. Ont. I^ pruche de Touest (Tsuga heterophylla) — C.B. Table XIX.— Western Yellow or Bull Pine Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XIX. — Le pin massif comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Province Quantity M. It. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale Average value per M. ft. B.M. \'aleur moyenne par MP. M.P. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 ToUI 75.102 64.706 1M« 1000 IM« 100-0 $ I.72«,1M 1,726.113 1,424.727 % cts. K»7 22-97 t cts. Commercial species included: — Western yellow or bull pine {Pinus ponderosa) — B.C. Commercialement < Lepin maesif iPir Table XX.— Cedar Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918, Tableau XX. — Le cfidre comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Province Quantitv M. ft. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne parMJ. MP. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 191S 1917 1918 ToUI 148,St4 121.723 11.549 9.258 5.770 64 lit.za 91.266 19.227 16.457 3,230 5 10«-t S2-0 7-S 6-2 3-9 70-1 14-S 12-6 2-5 t 2,;s8,28; 2,290,226 219,135 148,619 79,232 1,075 S 3,18«,S«5 2,333.740 419.477 351.483 80.705 200 960 % CtS- 18- it 18-81 18-97 16-05 13-73 16-80 S cts. UtI Quebec 2500 Commercial species included: — White cedar (Thuja occidentalis)— P.E.I. . N.S., SB.. Que'. Ont., (Man.). Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) — B.C. •Leas than one-tenth of one per cent — Moins de un dixi^me de un pour cent. Dans le commerce, on comprend sous ce nom ; Le cMre blanc (Thuja occidentalis)— I. P.-E., X.-E.. N. B.. Qu6., Ont.. (Man.) Le c^dre gfent (Thuja plicata)— C.B. CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table XXI. — Birch Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXI. — Le bouleau comme bois de construction, par provinces, en 1917 et 1918. Provinces. Quantity M. It. B.M. Quantit* M.P. MP. Per cent distribution Pourcentasc du total Total value Valeur totale Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par MP. MP. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total M,s;( 26.8.3(1 12.365 10.421 6.303 4,100 538 10 - 7(,17> 39,833 40 10,485 12,017 13,409 345 6 8 lot* 44-3 20-4 17-2 10-4 6-8 0-9 IM 1 52;3 13-8 15-8 17-6 0^5 t i.as.ta 721.209 253.355 293.880 144.562 108,469 11.448 300 i z.iu.ts; 1.170,442 674 349,019 282,881 403.548 9- 123 160 240 t ete. 25 11 26-87 20-49 28-20 22-93 26-46 21-28 3000 t cts. 29-40 16-85 33-28 23-49 30-09 26-44 26-66 30-00 Commercial species included: — Yellow birch (Betulalutea)— P.E.I. .X.S.,N.B..Qi Dan.=i le commerce, ce nom ombrasse les vari6t6s suivantes: Ont. Le bouleau jaune (Betula lutea}— i.P.-E.. N.-E.. N.-B.. Qu6.. Ont. Sweet birch (Betula lenta)— N.S.. N'.B.. Que.. Ont. Le bouleau tendre (Betula lenta)— NVE., N.-B.. Qu6., Ont. Paper birch (Betula alba var. papyri(era)—.\ll provinces. Le bouleau papjTus (Betula alba var. papyrifera)^Tou- tes les provinces. Western birch (Betula occidentalis) — B.C. Le bouleau de I'ouest (Betula occidentali8)—C.B. 'Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi^me de un pour cent. Table XXII.— Red Pine Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXII. — Le pin rouge comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces Quantity M. ft. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Per cent distribution Poureentage du total Total value Valeur totalo .\vera«e value per M. It. B.M. Valeur moyenne par MP. MP. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 19IS 1917 1918 Total 192. 751 91,893 5.555 3,422 1,878 3 10J,U6 89,693 998 10,525 443 8 447 1M« 89-5 5-4 3-3 1-8 IM* 87-9 0-9 10-3 0^4 0-4 $ 2,508,181 2,266,057 121,026 87.704 33,329 63 i 3,J5S.li; 2.978.929 25.321 323.650 11,363 240 13,544 S cts. 24-41 24-66 21-79 25-63 17-75 21-67 S cts. 32 85 33-21 23-37 30-93 23-33 30-00 30 30 Commercial species included: — Dans le commerce, ce nom appartient au Red or Xomav pine (Pinus resinosa) — P.E.I., N.S., Pin rouge ou de Norv^ge iPinus resinosa)— I.P.E., X.E., X.B.. Que., Ont.. (Man.). X.-B.. Qu6.. Ont., uMan.j •Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixidme de un pour cent. LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a 13 Table XXIII. — Tamarack Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXIII. — Le tamarac' comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces. Quantity M. It. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Per cent distribution Pourcent:^e du total Total value Valeur totale Average %-aIue per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par M.P. M.P. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total 53,S41 45,050 3,733 2,535 1,221 S06 280 215 4 77,135 69.768 4,002 1,387 26 1,621 241 90 l(l«« 83-7 6-9 4-7 2-3 1-5 0-5 0-4 IWD 90-5 5-2 1^8 2-1 0-3 0-1 S 980. »;« 811.483 70.968 51,767 23,336 13,880 5.280 4,175 81 $ $ cts. 1,943,2<9 18 22 1,745,788 " 18-01 101,904 19-01 36.623 20-42 515 19-11 51,724 17-22 5.770 18-85 945 19-42 20-25 S cts. 2o-19 2502 26-40 31-91 ''3-94 Prince Edward Island. . Commercial species included: — Commercialement re nom coniprend: Tamarack {Laris laricina) — All proWnces. ■ Le tamarac^ (Larix laricina) — Toute.^ pro\-inces. Western larcb CLarix occidentalis) — B.C. Le m61§ze de Touest (Larix occidentalis)— C.B. *Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de ua dixi^me de un pour cent. iConnu en France sous le nom de m^I^ze. Table XXIV.— Jack Pine Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXIV. — Le pin gris comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Total Ontario -■Mberta , British Columbia Quebec Nova Scotia New Brunswick Prince Edw-ard Island Manitoba Quantity M. ft. B.M. Quantity MP, MP. 12.227 1.911 1,721 23.532 19,026 Total value Valeur totale 427.105 278.436 33.103 31,540 58,892 13,830 4,304 5,540 1,460 Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par MP. M.P. ' 1917 I 1918 S cts. 27 15 638.806 21 .it 530,261 22. 77 20,522 1732 19.115 18.33 62.112 20-66 1.200 29-36 3,936 15-54 - 20-00 1,560 15-87 1 Commercial species included: — '■ Jack pine CPinus banksiana)— All provinces east of B.C. Lodgepole pine {Pinus murrayana) — Alta., B.C. Dans le commerce, on coroprend sous ce nom : I«e pin gris (Pinus banksiana)— Toutes les provinces h Test de la C.B. Le pin lodgepole (Pinus murrayana) — Alta. C.B. CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table XXV.— Maple Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXV. — L'£rable comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces Quantity M. ft. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Percent distribution Pourcentagc du total Total value Valeur totale Averace value perMTlf. B.M. Valeur moycone par MP. MP. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 0 1918 1917 1918 Tot»l M.IK 12,574 7,389 567 291 254 20 10 47,884 24,351 18,889 3,902 587 129 21 5 IN t 59-6 350 2-7 1-4 1-2 01 IM* 50-8 39-0 $ iSI.Ht 343.922 182,316 i i.m.tis 704,743 537,391 98,490 10,932 3,160 339 200 t cte. MM 27-27 24-67 S cts. M'M Nova Scotia 1-2 6,120 0-3 4 172 .Manitoba 900 200 45-00 20-00 .\lbcrta Commercial species included:— Sugar maple (.\cer saccharum)— P.E.I., X.S., X.B., Que., Ont. Silver maple (.\cersaccharinum) — P.E.I., N.S., X.B., Que., Ont. Hed maple (.\cer rubrum)— P.E.I., N.S., X.B., Que., Ont. Broad leaved maple {.\cer macrophyllum) — B.C. •Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins < Dans le commerce, ce nom comprend; L'*rable k Sucre (.\cer saccharum)— I. P.-E., N.-E., X.-B., Quf, Ont. L'^rable argentfe (Acer saccharinum)— I. P.-E., N.-E., X.-B ,Qu* ,Ont. L'Srable rouge (Acer rubrum)— I. P.-E., N.-E., X.-B.. Qu*.. Ont. L'ferable & larges feuilles (.\cer macrophyllum)— C.B. 1 dim^me de un pour cent . Table XXVI.— Basswood Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXVI. — Le tilleul comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces Quantity M. It. B.M. Quantity MP. MP. Per cent distribution Pourcentagc du total Total value Valeur totale -\veta£e value per M. It. B.M. Valeur moyenne par MP. MP 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total Ontario.. Quebec 14, ;m 8.952 4.453 1.076 120 18.111 8.393 9.542 129 IN* 60-5 30-1 7-3 0-8 0-7 0-6 IN • 46-3 52-7 0-7 0-3 % US, 7(4 228.982 111.544 21.880 3,360 1.990 2,008 ( MS, IN 274,067 290,025 4.092 916 1 cte. UN 25-58 25-05 20-33 28-00 .19-51 23-08 t cts. U<« 32-67 30-39 New Brunswick 31-72 IO2I _ Nova Scotia 87 47 ISSO Commercial species included:— Basawood (Tilia americana)— P.E.I. , Que., Ont. Dans le commerce, ce nom eat rfeerv^ au: Tilleul (Tilia americana)-!. P.-E.. N.-E.. N.-B.. Qufe. Ont. LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table XXVII.— Elm Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXVII. — L'orme comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces Quantity M. tt. B.M. Quantitfe M.P. M.P. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par MP. MP. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total 15,850 12,646 2,179 885 80 49 11 11 021 8,785 5,204 2 10 20 100 0 79-S 13-7 5-6 0 5 0-3 01 100 0 62-6 37^1 0-1 S 337.093 263,688 47,129 22,501 2,400 1,162 212 % 4J3.840 281.083 141,986 38 270 463 t eta. 21 27 20-85 21-63 25-42 30-00 23-71 19-27 $ cts. 30-24 32-00 Nova Scotia 19-00 2700 23-15 Commercial species included: — White elm (Ulmus americana)-P.E.I., N.S., X. Que., Ont., (Man., Sask.). Rock elm (Ulmus racemosa) — Que., Ont. Red elm (Ulmus fulva)— Que., Ont. •Less than one tenth of one per cent. — Moins de u Dans le commerce, ce nom embrasse: S., L'orme blano (Ulmus americana)-!. P.-E., J N.-B., Qu6., Ont. (Man.. Sask.) L'orme des rochers (Ulmus racemosa) — Qu6., Ont. L'orme rouge (Ulmus fulva)— Que., Ont. t dixi^me de un pour cent. Table XXVIII.~A11 Poplar Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXVIII. — Le peuplier comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces Quantity M. ft. B.M. Quantity M.P. MP. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale Average value per M. ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par M.P. M.P. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total S,52« 3,264 3,185 1,825 448 341 197 127 120 19 13,S4> 2.312 4,951 1,060 2,. 598 694 14 58 2,257 1 100 0 34-3 33-4 19-1 4-7 3-6 2-1 1-3 1-3 0-2 100 0 16-6 35-5 7-5 18-7 4-9 0-1 0-4 16-2 i 158,482 54,899 59.758 22,925 7,086 5,107 3,860 2,179 2.358 310 $ 302,058 52,491 105,913 23,766 59,795 12,523 218 1,202 46,135 15 i cts It (4 16-82 18-76 12-56 15-82 14-98 19-59 17-16 19-65 16-31 i cts. Manitoba Alberta 2301 18.05 Nova Scotia.. 20-44 Commercial species included: — Aspen (Populus tremuloides) — All provinces. Balsam poplar {PopuIu3 balsamifera) — All provinces. Cottonwood (Populus deltoides et al. sp.)— Que.. Ont. (Man.. Sask.. Aita.). Cottonwood black (Populus trichocarpa) — B.C. 'Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi^me de un pour cent. Dans le commerce, ce nom embrasse: Le peuplier tremble (Populus tremuloides)— Toutes lea provinces. Le peuplier baumier (Populus balsamifera) — Toutes les provinces. Le peuplier cotonnier {Populus deltoides et al. sp.)— Qu6.. Ont. (Man., Sask.. Alb.) Le peuplier tomenteux (Populus trichocarpa) — C. B. CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table XXVIIIa.— Poplar (Cottonwood) Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXVIIIa. — Le peuplier (cotonnier) comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Pro\Tnce8 Quantity M ft. B.M. Quantitd M.P. M.P. Per cent distribution Pourcentago du total Total Valcur value totale Averaee value Per M tt. B.M. \aleurmo.venno Par MP. MP. 1917 191S 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Totil 2.83J 1,825 641 242 100 21 3 1.287 981 82 192 33 100 0 64-5 22-6 8-6 35 0-7 01 100 0 76- 1 0.4 14-9 2-6 { 41.702 22,925 12,745 3,04 2.000 335 5C i cts. 28.9$l 22,566 1.935 3.790 665 I cts. 14-7J 12-56 19-88 1507 20-00 15-95 10-67 S cts. 22 50 Saskatchewan Table XXVIIIb.— Poplar (Aspen) Lumber by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXVIIIb. — Le peuplier (tremble) comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces Quantity J! ft. B.M. Quantity MP. M.P. Per cent • distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale Average value porM ft. B.M. Valcur moyenne par M.P. M.P. Total . . 1917 4.7S9 2,781 1,235 340 194 127 68 20 4 1918 t,501 1,836 3,4&1 528 14 51 452 55 1 80 1917 100 0 58-3 25-9 7-1 4-1 2-7 1-4 0-4 0-1 1918 100 0 28-2 53-6 8-1 0-2 0-8 6-9 0^9 1-2 1917 $ 84,586 47,492 24,731 4.946 3.810 2,179 995 35S 75 1918 $ 13C,»tO 39.413 74,969 10,915 218 1,082 7.7-33 1.295 15 1.200 1917 % cts. 1771 17-07 20 02 14-55 19-M 17-16 14-63 17-90 18-75 1918 $ cts. 21-05 21-47 Ontario Manitoba 21-52 21-05 Alberta 17-11 15-UO ■Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi^mc d? un pour cent. Table XXVIIIc. — Poplar (Balsam) Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXVIIIc. — Le peuplier (baumier) comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces Quantity M ft. B.M. Quantity M.P. M.P. Percent distribution Pourcentage du total Total vajue Valeur totale Average value per M Tt. B.M. Valeur moyenne par MP. .M.P. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 ToUl 1,«2S 1,309 462 108 31 15 C,1S7 1,385 443 2,070 50 2,202 7 100* 68-0 24-0 5-6 1-6 0-8 1000 22-5 7-2 33-6 0-8 35-8 01 $ 32,1*4 22.282 7.072 2,140 465 235 I S 13C,2C2 29.009 12,413 48,880 1,000 44,840 120 $ CU. 10-72 17-02 15-31 19,81 1500 15-66 S cts. 22-13 20-95 23-61 20-18 17-14 LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table XXIX.— Ash Lumber, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXIX. — Le frene comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces Quantity M ft. B.M. Quantity MP. M.P. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total Total value Valeur totale .Average vaiue per M ft. B.M. Valeur moyenne par M.P. AI.P. 1917 1918 1917 1 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total csso 3.444 3,010 155 28 13 7,827 6.084 1,741 1(00 51-8 45-3 2-3 0-4 0-2 1M« 77-7 22-2 S isz.tn 79,426 68.352 3,626 450 243 $ U;,254 142.628 54,581 45 i cts, 22-87 2306 22-71 23-40 16-07 18-69 S cts. 23-44 22-50 Commercial species included: — White ash {Fraxinus americana) — All provinces east of Manitoba. Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)— P.E.I., N.S., N.B., Que., Ont., (Man.). Ont., (.Man.) •Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dizi^me de un pour cent Dans le commerce, ce nom coraprend: Le fr^ne blanc '.Fraxinus americana) — Toutes les pro-vinces ^ Test du Manitoba. Le frtoenoir nt., Qu6. Le merisier (Prunus scrotina* — Ont., Qu^. Table XXXII. — Continued. — Lumber cut from Minor Species, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXXII. — suite. — Les essences secondaires comme bois de construction, par essences, 1917 et 1918. Cut by Pro-v-inces — Sciage par provinces. Quebec. Ontario. British Columbia. Colombie Britannique. Nova Scotia. Nouvelle- Ecoese. New Brunswick. Nouveau- Bnjnswick. 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1 1918 TotaL Yellow cypress— Cyprfe Chestnut- Marronnier Hickory— Noyer tomenteux Butternut— Noyer cendr6 Cherry — Cerisier' Walnut— Noyer »2 36 115 109 31 41 1,C» 1,105 72 238 210 4 33i 240 53 11 20 10 735 141 26 41 8 il 46 5 7,11» 7,114 5 1 1 St 50 - Red Alder — Aulne 'Coirnu en France sous le nom de merisier. LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table XXXIII.— Other Kinds of Lumber, by Provinces, 1918. Tableau XXXIII. — Tous autres bois, comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1918. te Province. Quantity Mft. m. Quantity m.p. m.p. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total. Value Valeur Average value Mft.m. Valeur moyenne par m.p. m.p. 1918 1918 1918 1918 Total U,2M 23,537 7,176 1,990 1,837 643 1M« 66-8 20-4 5-7 5-2 IS 75S,KS 301,113 144,728 44,713 45,780 16,506 10 375 20- 17 22-47 1 25 •Less than one tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixifeme de un pour 100. Table XXXIV.— Custom sawn Lumber, 1918. Tableau XXXIV. — Bois de construction scie pour les clients, 1918. Pro^-ince. Quantity Mft. m. Quantity m.p. m.p. Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total. Value. Valeur Average value per Mft. m. Valeur moyenne par m.p. m.p. 1918 1918 1918 1918 Total 208,448 144,714 19,512 28,920 10,952 1,222 1.508 804 496 322 IM • 69-6 9-5 13-9 5-2 0-5 0-7 0-3 0-2 01 t,2H.*U 3,007,827 398,534 344,588 215.045 23,800 31,825 16,080 9,920 6,395 Nova Scotia 20,00 Table XXXV.— Lath Cut, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXXV. — Fabrication des lattes, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Province. Quantity m. Quantity, (milliers.) Per cent distribution Pourcentage du total. Total Value. Valeur totale. Average value perM. Valeur moyenne (millier.) 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total tlt,M» 255,410 185,034 83,714 42,679 32,154 13,793 3,235 754 176 438,100 148,999 117,521 78,633 49,741 16.459 8,698 805 17,244 100 0 41. 4 300 13-6 6-9 5-2 2-2 0-5 01 " 100 0 340 26-8 17-9 11-5 3-7 20 0-2 3-9 1,828,018 774,152 544,169 248,775 116.557 98,981 32,633 9,707 2,267 777 1,I««,<1« ,■106.516 328,554 214.711 179.041 41,639 22.764 2,901 73,490 2N 303 2-94 2-97 2-75 308 2-36 300 300 4-41 Ontario 2-73 3-60 2-61 Alberta Saskatchewan 4-26 •Leas than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un dixi&me de un pour cent. 20 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table XXXVI.— Lath Cut, by Kinds of Wood, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXXVI. — Fabrication des lattes, par essences, 1917 et 1918. Kinds of Wood. Essence. Quantity, U. Quantity, (milliers). Per cent distribution. Pourcentage du total. Total value, Valcur totale. Average \-aluo per M. Valeur moyeno e (par millier). 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 ToUI tUM* 616,153 205,036 65,897 37,858 20.420 9,740 9,432 69 f - 28,344 438, IM 194.295 150.455 16.975 24.668 24.650 5,735 10,888 2,267 8,167 IK 1 38-9 33-2 10-7 6-1 3'3 1-6 1-5 4-6 IN • 44 4 34-3 3-9 5-6 5-6 1-3 2-5 0-5 1-9 1,828.118 689.229 598.869 231,323 137.336 48.700 30,093 29.811 194 62,463 l.>t«,61( 556.518 504,905 44,654 69,874 103.909 17.083 39.161 3.638 29,874 2M 2-87 2-92 3-51 3-63 2-38 309 316 2-81 2-20 S'll Douflas fir— Sapin Douglas 4-21 R^ Pine — Pin rouge 1 Yellow pine — Pin jaune. Birch— Bouleau Other kinds. Tamarack— Tamarac. . .A Autres essences. Basawood- Tilleul Ash— Fr«ne Maple— Erable Elm— Ormo S-65 •Less than one-tenth of one per cent. — Moins de un diid^me de un pour cent. Table XXXVII.— Shingle Cut, by Provinces, 1917 and 1918. Tableau XXXVII. — Fabrication des bardeaux, par provinces, 1917 et 1918. Provinces. Quantity M. Quantitd (milliers). Per cent distribution. Pourcentage du total. Total value. Valeur totale. Average value per M. Valeur moyenne par millier 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 1917 1918 Total British Columbia 3,«*,$*8 operated on full time JoQm6e8 de travail •ompUtes Da>'s operated on ] time Days operated on h time HouTB worked Heures de travail Arr*t complet Per shift Par jour Per neck Farsemaine Canada Alberta British Columbia , Manitoba New Brunswick Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon Averages per mill — Moyenne par scierie. Canada Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick Nova Scotia Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon ut.us 3,246 40,451 2,266 26,722 45,431 94,585 6,404 119,320 1,783 260 Ut'OO 90- 1" 201-25 73- 10 119-29 lOS-43 108-10 133-42 95-69 137-15 260-00 £88,251 7,629 18,81" 7,122 40.436 81,394 167,373 7,269 256.015 2,159 44 l-.W 211-91 4-Xl 93-59 -48 229-74 2-(« 180-52 ■4(1 194-25 I -86 191-29 fi-2fl 151-44 1-64 205-30 186-08 - 44-00 58-8 57-9 53-4 I LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Table XLVI. — Fuel Consumption, by Provinces, 1918. Tableau XLVI. — Consommation de combustible, par provinces, en 1918. Provinces Bituminous coal Charbon bitumineus Anthracite coal Charbon anthracite Coke Coke Gaso- line Gazo- line Oil PfeUole Wood Bois All other fuel Tons autres combus- tibles Quan- tity Q;;Zn- tit4 Value Valeur Quan- tity Value Valeur Quan- tity tit4 Value Valeur Value Valeur Value Valeur tity Value Valeur Value Valeur Canada 19,68S 7,849 634 1,494 1,110 4,003 4,186 407 138, I6S 48,957 4,854 10,983 9,710 30,062 31,050 2,849 6.238 126 150 18 4,942 4 998 59.293 1,410 1.100 234 44,447 46 12,056 58 - 58 294 294 33,131 106 13.625 2,375 447 7,357 8 9,213 40,928 29,917 1,274 1.192 1,837 25 6.683 94,334 702 14.168 3,901 1,001 4,288 42,239 61 27,172 802 232,327 1,701 27,925 10,284 2,277 9,257 131,546 167 87,184 1,986 48.068 220 British Columbia 11,807 79 New Brunswick 3,324 100 20,007 Prince Edward Island.. 12,531 30 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table XLVII.— Power Employed, by Provinces, 1917. Engines— Machinee et moteur- Power owned — Provinces Steam A vspeur Gas Agaz Gasolene A gasoline Water wheels Turbines - No. H.P. cTv. No. H.P. No. H.P. av. No. HP. Canada 2, SIC 3S 402 42 225 242 SM 16 723 25 2 175, «$ 1.750 42.810 3.488 22, W3 10.517 50.105 455 40.631 3.690 150 lU 1 10 3 2 69 24 3 (.731 20 1.215 42 42 3.327 1,954 133 18( t.tH I- SM 19 34 206 195 35 403 U.H» 13 339 1 2 16 255 17 314 46 780 87 1.662 3,S42 1,722 6.245 8,068 Quebec 15,440 LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a Tableau XLVII. — Force motrice employee, par provinces, 1918. - Power rented —Force motrice appartenante Force motrice lou^e Water motors Other powers Electric motors Electric motors Other powers Provinces Autres forces Moteuis Moteurs Autres hydrauliques motrices ^lectriques 41ectriques m6camsmes H.P. 1 HJ. H.P. H.P. H.P. .\o. OV. No. C.V. No. C.V. No. c^f. No. C.V. (7 2,56C 14 S57 3$e 1S,805 476 U,So3 23 601 Canada. _ _ 1 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ .Uberta. 10 483 _ 315 9.944 3+4 5,966 3 165 Colombia Britannique. - - - - 2 9 1 20 - - Manitoba. 1 25 - - IX 3,821 S 92 2 32 Nouveau-Brunswick . 2 35 6 77 1 35 5 205 3 IOC Nouvelle-Ecosse. i 110 8 174 11 361 57 3,513 6 127 Ontario. lie du Prince Edouard. M 1,913 29 696 28 910 60 1,857 9 177 Quebec. - = - - 15 725 - - = = Saskatchewan. Yukon. 32 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table XLVIII. — Miscellaneous Expenses, by Provinces, 1918. Tableau XLVIII. — Frais g^neraux, par provinces, en 1918. Provinces Canada Alberta British Columbia Manitoba . . ^ New Brunswick Nova Scotia Ontario ■.■;■,■ i Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon Rent of mill factory or works manufac- tures ou ateliers 6,502 17,993 43,531 Rent of power Loyer de force motrice Taxes, municipal, provincial or federal Taies municipal as, provincial es 2.765 458,835 16,451 156,707 34,704 504.127 223 Supplies for board of men and horses ProviBions pour lu nour- riture dcs hommes et des chevauz 3,916.710 60,142 805,793 131,691 538,981) 327,394 2,612,295 2,552 1,167,159 300,724 Kent of ofliccs, in- surance and other mis- cellaneous expenses I.oyer de bureaux, primes d'assurance et d^penses diversea $ 7,631,(6; 18,143 2,486,729 137.015 713,405 81.866 2,682,939 618 Travail i, I'entreprise 882,678 53,206 1,090,721 145,168 1,119,748 1,160 4,060,628 5,013 Total des autres frai.- g6n6raux LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES, ETC. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17a APPENDIX— APPENDICE. List of Canadian Sawmills producing 1,000,000 feet and over per annum. Liste des Scieries canadiennes produisant au moins 1,000,000 de pieds de bois par an. fa) Mills Producing 1,000,000 feet, but under 5,000,000 feet. (a) Scieries produisant entre 1,000,000 et 5,000,000 de pieds. Abitibi, Power & Paper Co., Limited, Iroquois Falls, Ont .■Ulen, Chas.. Hartling, N.S. Argenteuil Lumber Co.. Ltd., Morin Heights, Que Auld Lumber Co., Latchford, Ont. B.C. Fir & Cedar Lbr., Co., Ltd., 897-6th Ave. W., Van- couver, B.C. Beaton Shingle Mill, Otter, B.C. Beauchemin, P. & Fils, Amos, Que. Beaver, Abitibi Company. Ltd., Frederick house, Ont. Beaver, Board Timber Co., Ltd., Charlton Station, Ont. Beban, Frank, Extension, B.C. Bertrand, Maurice, Masham Mills. Que. Bilodeau, Alfred. St. Fabien de Pauet, Que. Black. G. Ernest, Oxford, N.S. Blais, Frank, Amos, Que. Bourque, F. H., Rogersville, X.B. Bray & Gareau, Brunei , Que. Brompton Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., East Angus, Que. British America Mills & Timber Co., Ltd., Westholme, Brooks, Roy A., Sack\411e. N.B. Brookljn Lumber Company, Ltd., Newport, N.S. ■ Brooks-Bidlake Cedar Co., Ltd., 806-814 Yorkshire Bldg., Vancouver, B.C. Buffalo Lakes Lumber Co., Clairmont, Alta. Burchill. I. P., South Nelson, N.B. Burtt, E. Lumber Co., Ltd., Cardigan Station, N.B. Carew, John. Lumber Co., Ltd., Lindsay, Ont. Canadian Western Fuel Co., Ltd., Nanaimo, B.C. Carruthers, \Vm., Tatamagouche, N.S. Carson, W. B., Norton, N.B. Caverly & Sons, Bowsman River, Man. Charrette, Nap., Kiamika, Que. Clarke Bros, Limited. Bear River, N.S, Conger, Lumber Co., Ltd., Parry Sound, Ont. C-orriveau, George. Caron Brook. N.B. CulUgan. J. & A., Culligan. N.B. Culligan, J. & A.. Benjamin River. N.B. Cummings, A. H. & Son, Ltd., Coaticook, Que. Dansereau, Geo.. Gren^nlle. Que. Davis & Vernon, Truro, N.S. Davis. O. B.. Co.. Ltd., Grand Falls. N.B. DeCharette & Fr^re, St. Elie de Caxton, Que. Derauth. Fred, Demuth, B.C. Devon. Lumber Co.. Ltd., Devon, Ont. Dominion Lumber C-o-, Ltd., Chip Lake, Alta. Dominion Wood & Lumber Co., Ltd., Trout Creek, Ont. Dube, D. N., Amqui. Que. Eagle Lumber Co.. Ltd., Mont-Laurier, Que. Eastern Lumber Company, Ladj-smith, B.C. Eddy. E. B.. Co.. Ltd.. Hull. Que. Elbow. Lake Lumber Co.. Burwash, Ont. Etter, H. Eugene, Bickerdike, Alta. Ferguson, G. B. & Co., Six Mile Creek, B.C. Field Lumber Co.. Ltd.. Field, Ont. Finch. Pruyn. & Co.. Inc., Henry River, Que. Fleming & Gibson. Limited, Junif)er, N.B. Fortier, Alfred J.. St. Camille Station. Que. Fownes, C. A., Nyanza, N.S. Gagon, H. & Fr^res. Matane, Que. Gatineau Industrial Co., Ltd., Parent, Que. Genois, N., St. Raymond, Que. Grandbois, M. A., St. Casimir. Que. Grantham Saw Mill, Sandwich. B.C. Georgetown Spruce Co., Big Bav, B.C. Giddens, W. W., Londonderry S'tation. N.S. Gull River Lumber Co.. Limited, Lindsay, Ont. Gwilt Lumber Co., Ltd., Courtenay, B.C.* Hammond & CoUins. Pelletier Mill, N.B. Harrison, John & Son Co. , Ltd . . Owen Sound, Ont. Hawke. E. & Son. Hudson Bav Junction, Sask. Hay, W. A. & J. H. MilU-ille. N.B. Hennessy. E. D.. Newport. N.S. Hickman. J. & C, Limited, Port Elgin, N.B. Higgs & Conn., Logan^-ille, N.S. Highland LuniberCo.. Ltd.. Duncan, B.C. Hill & Dunfieid, Ltd., Windsor, N.S. Hillcrest LumberCo.. Ltd.. Duncan. B.C. Hill. M. Da\-ison. Onslow Station. N.S. Hocken Lumber Co.. Ltd.. Otter Lake Station, Ont. Huntsville Lumber Co., Limited, Hunts^ille, Ont. Indian River Lumber Co., Halifax, N.S. Jewell Lumber Co., Ltd., Caithness, B.C. JuUen & Julien, Lac Chat, Que. Kaufman. Jacob. Limited, Rosseau Falls. Ont. Keenan Bros., Limited, Little Current, Ont. Kelly. P. & Co.. Kelly's MUls, Que. Kennedy, Harold. Lake St. Jc«eph, Que. Kennedv. Harold. Ri\n^re& Pierre, Que. Kerr Bros, Milford Station, N.S. King Bros. Oxford. N.S. King Lumber Co., Ltd., Chipman, N.B. Knight Bros, Co., Ltd., Burks Falls. Ont. Ladner Lumber Co., Ladner, B.C. Laking. Wm.. Haliburton. Ont. Lake LumberCo., Ltd.. Quahcum Beach, B.C. Lake Rosseau Lumber Co.. Boak\-iew, Ont. Leigh, James & Sons. Victoria. B.C. Leclerc, Germain, Ri\n^re k La Martre. Que. Lewis Hardwood Co., Ltd., Lewiston, N.S. Lewis, D. P.. Norton, N.B. Lincoln Mill. Murra>'\'ille, B.C. Lockhart. R. & Co.. Ltd., Fort Frances, Ont. Loggie. A. & R. Co.. Ltd.. Loggie\-ille, N.B. Loggie, W. S., Inkerman, N.B. McArthur, J. D.. Co.. Ltd., Lac du Bonnet, Ma , McCrearv, James & Son. Larchwood. Ont. McCuUoch Bros. Debert Station. N.S. McLean. R. B. Lumber Coy., Cloverdale, B.C. McDonald, -\lfred, estate, Peterboro, Ont. McDougall Bros. 9 Mile River, N.S. McRae. John S. L.. Barry's Bay, Ont. MacDonald Bros. Welsford. N.B. McCIeam. A. N. & G. S.. Mill VUlage. N.S. McLaughlin. J. D. & F. B.. Three Brooks, N.B. MacLeod, .\les., Londonderry, N.S. MacLeod Pulp Co.. Ltd.. Milton. N.S. MacMillan. A. S., Antigonish, N.S. Malenfant, Louis & Alfred, Arsenault, N.B. Malloy & Bryans. Limited, Haliburton, Ont. Massicotte & Marchand, Amos. Que. Mattinson. W. E.. Oxford. N.S. Mercure, Alexandre. Drummond\'ille, Que. Mickle, Dvment & Son, Whitney. Ont. MonteithPulp&Timber Co.. Ltd. .123 Bay St. .Toronto, Ont Mont Laurier Scieries. Mont Laurier. Que. Moose Lake Lumber Co.. Ltd.. Cobalt, Ont. Murrav & Omanique Lumber Co., Barry's Bay, Ont. Muskoka Wood Mfg. Co. , Limited. Hunts%Tlle, Ont. Namu Lumber Co..Ltd.,739HastingsSt.W..Vancouver,B.C. Nasm>-th Lumber Co., 207 Hastings St. W., Vancouver. B.C. New Ontario Colonization Co., Ltd., Jacksonboro. Ont. Newport Saw Mills Ltd., 122 Rogers Blk.. Vancouver, B.C New\-il]e Lumber Co., New-ville, N.S. Northern Lumber&MercantileCo., Ltd. .Willow River,B-C. Nashwaak Pulp & Paper Co.. Ltd., Blackville, N.B. 34 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 (a) Mills Producing 1,000,000 feet, but under 5,000,000 feet— Concluded. (a) Scieries produisant entre 1,000,000 et 5,000,000 de pieds— fin. O'Brieil Limited. South Nelson, N.B. Owens Lumber Co., Ltd., Montebollo, Que. Painrhaud A Miquelon, Chemin Gouic, Que. Panuke Pulp A Power Co., Ltd., Hartrille, N.S. Parker-Kakins Co., ^Icte^han Station, N.S. Patenaude, Lugene, NomininEue, Que. Pearce Co.. Limited, Marmora. Ont. Pejcpscot Paper Co , Salmon River, N.B. Penticton Lumber Co., Penticton, B.C. Pierce-Jacobs Lumber Co., Timmins, Ont. Potvin, Thomas, Nominineue. Que. Pratt & Shanacv, Sturgeon Falls. Ont- Pratt. P. K. & A . Matapedia, Que. Price Bros & Co., Ltd., Chicoutimi West. Que. Price Bros & Co.. Ltd., Lac au Saumon, Que. Primrose Bros, Riversdale, N.S. Quance Lumber Co.', Nakusp, B.C. Red Mountain Lumber Co., Penny, B.C. Reid. Jas. H., Jarlsbers;, Ont. Restigouche Lumber Co., Ltd., Dalhousie Junction, N.B. Revelstoke Lumber Co., Ltd., Pingston Creek, B.C. Rheault. Limits, tLa Cie Couture). Mont Joli, Que. Rhodes Curry Co , Ltd., Amherst, N.S. Riordon Pulp & Paper Co., Ltd., Calumet, Que. Ritchie, A. J. i H H. & D. cfcCo , Newcastle, N.B. River Valle.v Lumber Co.. Ltd., Oromocto, N.B. Robertson. L. M. . Ardbeg, Ont. Robinson. Wright & Co., Ltd., Shulie, N.S. Rock Creek Lumber Co.. Ltd., Flagstone, B.C. Ro.vston Lumber Co., Rovston Road, B.C. Ruttan, J. T., Aleza Lake, B.C. Ste. Agathe Limiber and Construction Co., Ltd., Ste. .\gathe des Monts, Que. St. LawTence Lumber Co., (La Cie dePulpede Chicoutimi), Chandler. Que. St. Maurice Paper Co., Limited, St. Gabriel de Brandon, Que. St. Maurice Paper Co., Ltd., Three Rivers, Que. St. Maurice Paper Co., Ltd., Charlemagne, Que. Saguenay Lumber Co., Les Escoumains, Que. Savoie & Co., Manseau, Que. Saskatchewan Lumber Co., Ltd., Crooked River, Sask. .SajTe, F. E.. Hartland, N.B. Shier, J. D . Lumber Co., Ltd., Bracebridge, Ont. Shortrecd, The Estate, Kearney, Chit. Sicard. Emery, Amos, Que. Simard Lumber Co., Ltd., Sayabec, Que. Smith Bros, Portage du Fort, Que. Smith, John B. & Sons, Ltd., Callander, Ont. Smith, Manning J., River Side, N.B. Smith Lumber Co., Ltd., H.R. .N"o. 2, Woodstock, N.B. Smith-Hutchinson Lumber Co., Ltd., Bradner, B.C. Spcnce. C. E.. Debert, N.S. Stanley S,aw 4 Planing Mills, Stanley, N.B. Steams, M. L. tS: Son. Limited, L*Orignal, Ont. Stirrott, John & Sons, Port Arthur. Ont. Stone Lumber Co.. Ltd , Marks\-ille. Ont. Swift Creek Lumber Co., Ltd., Swilt Creek, B.C. Temiscouata Lumber Co., Notre-Dame du Lac, Que. Tennant, Geo., Bracebridge. Ont. Thompson & Ludgate, McKellar. Ont. Tobique Lumber Co., Ltd., Campbellton, N.B. Trout Creek Lumber Co. , Powaasan, Ont. Trudel, A. A., St. .\delphe de Champlain, Que. Trudeau, U. E., Lac Castor, Que. Twm Falls Lumber Co., Ltd., McDougalls Mills. Ont. Inion Shingle Mill Co., White Rock, B.C. Upham Lumber Co., Odcll River, N.B. Urquhart, J. K., Courtenay, B.C. Vancouver, Cedar Mills, Ltd., DoUarton, B.C. Virginia Lumber Co., Ltd., Coombs, B.C. Wallace Lumber Co., Blind River, Ont. Wapskehegan Lumber Co., Lt-nolds Co.. Ltd., Port Moody. B.C. Richards Manufacturing Coy.. Ltd., Campbellton, N.B. Shevlin-Clarke Co., Ltd., Fort Frances, Ont. Shives Lumber Co., Ltd., Campbellton, N.B. Small & Bucklin Lumber Co., Ltd., New Westminster, B.C. Spanish Mills Co., Ltd., Spanish Mills. Ont. Spanish River Lumber Co., Ltd., Massey, Ont. Timberland Lumber Co., Ltd., New Westminster, B.C. Vancouver Lumber Co., Ltd., Catabie St., Vancouver, B.C. Victoria Lumber & Mfg. Co., Ltd., Chemainus, B.C. CANADA BUREAU FEDERAL DE LA STATISTIQUE RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL, 1918 Bois de Construction, Lattes, Bardeaux, Etc. 1918 Prepare en collaboration avec la Division Forestiere du Dominion; le ministere des Terres Domaniales, de la NouvelleEcosse; le ministere des Terres et des Mines, du Nouveau- Brunswick ; le ministere des Terres et des Forets, de Quebec; et le ministere des Terres de la Colombie Britannique IMPRIM^ PAR ORDRE DC PARLEMENT OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY IMPRIMEUR DE SA TRES EXCELLENTE MAJESTE LE ROI 1920 IN" 17a— 1921] 11 GEORGE V DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAIRE No 17a RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL DE 1918 B0I8 DE CONSTRUCTION, LATTES, BARDEAUX, ETC. Preface Les donnees statistiques que contient ee rapport sur I'industrie du bois de sciage ont ete recueillies et compilees en 1919; elles se rapportent a Tannee terminee le 31 decembre 1918. Nous adresson.s nos remerciements aux fonction- naires du ministere des Terres Domaniales de la Nouvelle-Ecos.^e, du ministere des Terres et des Mines du Nouveau-Brunswick, du ministere des Terres et des Forets de Quebec, et du ministere des Terres de la Colombie Britannique, qui nous ont aide dans la preparation de la liste des etablissements de cette nature. Ce rapport est I'ceuvre conjointe du Bureau Federal de la Statistique et de I la Division Forestiere du ministere de I'lnterieur. La compilation des chiffres ja ete faite au Bureau sous la direction de M. J. C. Macpherson; ces chiffres ont tete verifies et le rapport redig^ par M. R. G. Lewis, B.Sc.F., de la Division i' Forestiere. R. H. COATS, Statisticien du Dominion. Bureau Feder.\l de la Statistique, Ottawa, juillet 1920. 17a (11706)— 4| 11 GEORGE V DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAiRE No 17a A. 1921 TABLE DES MATIERES Preface Introduction et resume Statistiques comparatives, 1908-1918 et 1917-1918 Production: Bois de construction srif-, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 Bois de construction sci6, par essences. 1917 et 1918 Prwluction de la latte. par provinces, 1917 et 1918 Production du bardeau. par provinces. 1917 et 1918 Mati^res premieres, par provinces, 1918 Capitaux placfe, par provinces. 1918 Personnel. ap[)ointemonts et salaires. en 1918 Dur^e des operations, par provinces, en 1918 t'onsommation de combustible, en 1918 Force motrice employee en 1918 Autres frais g6n6raux en 1918 Importations et exportations en 1918 Xlll xiii xiii xiii Tableaux I — Bois de construction scie. par provinces, 1917 et 1918 • S II — Bois de construction scif , par essences. 1917 et 1918 3 III — Bois durs et bois tendres scife, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 4 IV — Bois durs et bois tendres scifs, par essences, 1917 et 1918 4 V — Le bois de construction en Colombie Britannique, par essences, 1917 et 1918 o yi — L* bois de construction dans Ontario, par essences, 1917 et 1918 5 VII — Le bois de construction dans Quebec, par essences, 1917 et 1918 6 VIII — Le bois de construction au Nouveau-Brunswick, par essences, 1917 et 1918 0 IX — Le bois de construction en Nouvelle-Ecosse, par essences, 1917 et 1918 7 X — Le bois de construction en Saskatchewan, par essences, 1917 et 1918 7 XI — Le bois de construction au Manitoba, par essences, 1917 et 1918 8 XII — Le bois de construction dans I'Alberta, par essences, 1917 et 1918 8 XIII — Le bois de construction dans Tile du Prince-Edouard. par essences. 1917 et 1918. ... 9 XIV — LY'pinette comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 9 XV — Le pin blanc comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 10 XVI — Le sapin Douglas comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 10 XVII — Le sapin baumier comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 10 X^*I1I — La pruche comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 11 XIX — Le pin massif, comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 11 - XX — Le cMre comme boLs de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 11 XXI — Le liouleau comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 12 XXII — Le pin rouge comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 12 XXIII — Le tamarac comme bois de con^ruction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 13 XXIV — Le pin gris comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 13 XXV — L'frable comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 14 XXVI — Le tilleul comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 14 XX\"II — L'orme comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 15 XXVIII — Le peuplier comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 15 XXVIIIii — Le peuplier cotonnier, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 Ifi XXVIII6 — Le peuplier tremble, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 16 XXVIIlr — Le peuplier baumier. par provinces. 1917 et 1918 Ifi XXIX — Le frene comme bois de construction, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 17 XXX — Le hetre comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 17 XXXI — Le chcne comme bois de construction, par provinces. 1917 et 1918 17 XXXII — Les essences secondaires. par provinces, 1917 et 1918 18 XXXIII — Toutes autres essences, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 19 XXXIV — Bois de construction sci6 pour les clients, 1917 et 1918 19 XXXV — Fabrication des lattes, par provinces, 1917 et 1918 19 XXXVI — Fabrication des lattes, par essences. 1917 et 1918 20 XXXVII — Fabrication des bardeaux, ;>ur provinces, 1917 et 1918 20 XXXVIII — Fabrication des bardeaux, par essences. 1917 et 1918 20 XXXIX — Terres bois^es. etc., par provinces, en 1918 21 XL — Mati6res premieres consommees, par provinces, en 1918 22-23 XLI — Capitaux places dans I'industrie. en 1918 24 XLII — Personnel, par provinces, en 1918 25 XLIII — Ouvriers, par provinces, en 1918 25 XLIV — Ouvriers, par mois, en 1918 26-27 XLV — Duree des operations, par provinces, en 1918, 28 XLVI — Consommation de combustible, par provinces, en 1918 29 XLVII — Force motrice employee, par provinces, en 1918 30-31 XLVIII — Autres frais g^n^raux, par provinces, en 1918 32 Appendice 33-35 iv 11 GEORGE V . DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAIRE No 17a A 1921 L'INDUSTRIE DU BOIS DE CONSTRUCTION EN 1918 Introduction et resume Cette industrie a atteint son apogee en I'annde 1918, qui a vu sa production port^e a 8146.333,192, dont 8103,700,620 pour le bois de sciage, 88,184,448 pour les bardeaux, 81,369,616 pour les lattcs et 833,078,508 pour les produits divers. Nous donnons ci-dessous les chiffres comparatifs de la production du bois de construction, des lattes et des bardeaux, par quantites et valeur, depuis I'annee 1908. Depuis 1908jusqu'c\ 1916, les statistiques ont ete recueillies et compilees par la Division Forestiere du miiiistere de I'lnterieur, et depuis 1916 par le Bureau Federal de la Statistique, agissant conjointement avec la Division Forestiere. Volume et valeur du bois de construction, des bardealtx et des l.a.ttes, DE 1908 A 1918 Bois de construction sci^ Quantity M.P. M.P. Valeur Bardeaux sci^ Quantity Valeur Quantity Valeur 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 ...: 1916 1917 1918 Moyenne 1908— 1918 3,348, 3,814,! 4,451,1 4,918,: 4,389.' 3,816,1 3,946.; 3,842,1 3,490,i 4,151,: 54,338.1 62,819,^ "7.503,: 75,830,! 69,475,: 65,796,^ 60,363,; 61,919,! 58,365,; 83, 655. ( 103, 700, ( .499,396 ,988,753 ,976.640 ,838,474 ,578.343 .485.279 .843.554 1. 089. 470 ;, 897. 562 1.020.956 :. 662, 521 3,512,078 3,175.319 3,064,641 3,688,746 5,734,852 5,962,933 8.431,215 8,184,448 671,562 822,124 851,953 965,235 899,016 739,678 625.010 793,226 665,588 616,949 438.100 1.487.125 1.979.034 1.943,544 2,212,226 2.064.622 1.783.283 1.585.484 2. 040.819 1,743.940 1.828.018 1.369,616 Statistiques comparatives. — Le tableau ci-dessous resume les caracteristiques essentielles de I'industrie dubois de construction, pendant les annees civiies 1917 et 1918. Le nombre des scieries en exploitation a augmente de 216 unices en 1918, soit 7.50 p.c; les capitaux absorbes par cette Industrie ont augmente de 832,988,721, soit 22.10 p.c; le personnel de ses commis, employes, etc., s'est accru de 409 personnes, soit 12.63 p.c. et leurs appointements de $592,580 ou 12-39 p.c; leurs ouvriers et journaliers, bucherons, flotteurs, scieurs, ont vu leur nombre s'augmenter de 3,985, soit 7.47 p.c. et leurs salaires de 89,999,831, soit 29.06 p.c; le cout du combustible a monte de 87,060, soit 1.21 p.c; les frais generaux de 85,028,844 ou 28.45 p.c; les matieres premieres et les fourni-' tures diverses a I'usage des scieries ont subi une ascension de 85,151,804, ou 12 65 p.c; enfin la valeur de la production s.'est accrue de 830,448,287, soit 26.28 p.c. Statistiques comparatives de l'industrie du bois en 1917 et 1918 Nomenclature Augmentation sur 1917 Pour- centage Scieries recens^ nomb. Capitaux engage $ Employ^ .^ nomb, Appointements '. $ OuvTiers et journaliers nomb. Salaires $ Cout du combustible S Frais gfen^raux , S Cout dea matieres premieres $ Valeur des produits S 2.879 1.266,019 3.159 ,781,300 53,32:* ,.412.411 585.446 3,095 182,254,740 3,568 5,373, 57,303 44,412,24: 592.506 22,707,13: 45,876,83: 146,333,192 32,988,721 592,580 3,985 9,999,831 7,060 5,028.844 5,151,804 30,448,287 7-50 22 10 12-63 29-06 1-21 28-45 vi BOIS DE CONSTRUCTION, LATTES, BARDEAUX, ETC. • 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Le resuniC' ([ui suit inciiiiuc, par provinces, ]K)ur ciiaciinc dos anndes 1917 et 1918, (a) le rang dcs (liff^rcntos provinces au point dc vue de la production, (6) le nombre dc scierics on exploitation, (c) ies capitaux engagfe, (d) le personnel occup^, (e) Ies appointoments et Ies saiaires, (/) le cout des niatieres premieres et (g) la valeur des produits. Statistiques comparatives, par provinces, entre 1917 ET 1918 Rang pro- Eta- blisse- ments receos^ Capital Saiaires, appoin* temeDts et traite- ments Valeur dela pro- duction Alborta C/olombo Britannique. . Manitoba Nouveau-Brunawick Nouvelle-Ecosae Ontario ; lie du Prince-Edouard. . Quebec Saskatchewan uque. . Canada 1D18 Alberta Colombie Brita Manitoba Nouveau-Brunswick — Nouvelle-Ecoese Ontario lie du Prince-Edouard. Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon Canada. . 1,CS8,I 41,848,: 2,416, 21.183,: 468,534 42.408,448 2,581,239 25.356,855 5.057,956 46.862.344 135,290 57,201,820 2,149,109 33,145 3. MS' 182.254,740 7,031 3,2(rt 17,245 194.937 15,027,765 709,097 4.605.387 1.237.791 14.751.613 30.711 12.030.237 1,192,400 6.184 M.8«gl 4S.78«,tn 142,818 13,969,312 286,841 6.210.006 1.579.845 9,868,769 36,905 8,106,134 287,5101 788,954 ,527,560 ,209,175 1,191,275 i, 185,258 ,054,315 151,633 1,630,120 :, 146,615 4«, 488, 148 1U.884.M5 101,497 15,515.229 189,768 5.298.535 1.201.596 10.309,822 67,347 12.749.152 308.079 1,832 490.572 1.442.660 .316.792 1.977.974 ,.563.892 1.872.958 190.684 1.199.895 !. 258. 450 10.315 4s.;«.S5;> i4(.3».in La Colombie Britannique, qui occupait le premier rang au point de vue de la production en 1917, est descendue a la troisieme place en 1918, etant dcpassce par Ontario de $3,430,298 et par Quebec de $757,235. Toutes Ies autres pro- vinces ont conserve le meme rang. La province de Quebec possede le plus grand nombre de scieries en exploitation, soit 1,247; Ontario vient en second lieu avec 875; la Nouvelle-Ecosse est troisieme avec 419; le Nouveau-Brunswick qua- trieme avec 224 et la Colombie Britannique, cinquieme avec 201. Dans pres- que toutes Ies provinces on constate une diminution du nombre des scieries en activitc, sauf dans Quebec oil leur nombre a augments de 96, dans Ontario oil Ton en compte 272 de plus que I'an dernier et au ^Manitoba oh Ton en trouve 2 nouvelles. Les capitaux places dans cette Industrie, pour I'eiiseinble du Canada, repr^ sentent une somme de $182,254,740 au lieu de $149,266,019 en 1917, soit une augmentation pour I'ann^e de $32,988,721 ou 22-10 p.c. II y eut ^galement un accroissement notable dans le nombre du personnel; il s'est traduit par 4,394 personnes soit 7-8 p.c. Ce personnel so comjiosait de 60,868 personnes dont 3,568 etaient des commis et employes et 57,303 des ouvi'iers et journaliers. Les appointements des employes en 1918, sc sont Aleves k $5,373,880, en augmentation sur laiinee prec^dente de $592,580 ou 12-39 p.c. Les ouvriers et journaliers travaillant tant dans les chant iers en foret que dans les scieries composaient une armee de 57,303 individus en 1918 au lieu de 53,318 en 1917; leurs saiaires qui s'^levaient a $34,412,411 en 1917 ont ete portes a $44,412,242 en 1918, soit une augmentation de $9,999,831, ou 29-06 p.c. RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL vi DOC. PARLEMENTAIRE No 17a Production Les 3,095 scieries en exploitation pendant I'annee 1918 ^tablissent ainsi qu'il suit le bilan de leur production collective: Bois de construction, 3.8S6,631 mille pieds, 4valufe 4 t 103,700,620 Lattes. 438. 100 milliers, 6valufe i 1.369. 616 Bardeaui. 2. 662,521 milliers, Svalufe & 8. 184.438 Boisdepulpe 1.516,783 eordes. ^valufe i 18.416.438 Produita divers (sans quantity sp^ifi^) 14.662.070 Valeur totale de la production de 1918 $~ 146.333.070 Bois de construction. — Le tableau I, consacre au bois de construction, indique pour les annees 1917 et 1918, par provinces, le nombie de scieries en exploi- tation, le volume et la valeur du bois sci6, sa valeur moyenne par mille pieds, le pourcentage du sciage et le pburcentage de I'augmentation on de la diminution sur 1917. Dans tout le Canada on constate en 1918 une diminution de 265,072 mille pieds, sur 1917. Dans toutcs les provinces on constate une decroissance, a I'exception de Quebec, ou s'est produite une augmentation de 13,510 mille pieds. L'augmentation de la valeur du bois de construction produit pendant I'annee est due principalement a la hausse des cours. Pour rensemble de toutes les categories de bois, le prix moyen a la scierie, en 1917, etait de §20.15 par mille pieds, contre S26.68 en 1918, soit une augmentation de S6.53 par mille pieds ou 32-4 p.c. Dans le tableau II on trouve les statistiques relatives aux differentes essences du bois scie dans tout le pays. Plus de vingt-cinq differentes essences de bois etaient classifiees, embrassant approximativement soixante-dix varietes diverses. L'^pinette blanche, le pin blanc et le sapin Douglas conservent leur position et demeurent les essences principales travaillees dans les scieries, de meme que les annees precedentes. On constate une notable diminution, en 1918, dans la production du bois d'epinette, comparee a celle de 1917, et s'elevant a 323,781 mille j)ieds. La pruche, le cedre, le pin rouge, le sapin-baumier et le pin massif sont, les uns et les autres, en decroissance tandis que le pin blanc, le sapin Douglas, letamarac, tout leboisdur (a I'exception du hetre et du noyer) et le "sciage pour les clients" presentent de legeres augmentations. On ne trouve pas dans les rapports les essences du bois de construction scie pour la clientele; il y en eut 208,448 mille pieds, estimes a 84,254,014. Les tableaux III et IV traitent de la production du bois en distinguant les bois durs des bois tendres; le tableau III indique la quantite et le pourcentage de la totalite du bois scie, par provinces, et le tableau IV par essences de bois. Le pourcentage des bois tendres a diminue de 1-7 p,c. sur 1917, les bois durs augmentant dans la meme proportion. Ainsi qu'on le verra dans le tableau IV les principaux bois durs sont le bouleau, I'erable, le tilleul, Forme, le peuplier et le hetre, qui tous ensemble representent pres de 94 p.c. de la totalite, c'est-a- dire 189,296 mille pieds sur un total de 201,667 mille pieds. Les tableaux V a XIII inclusivement sont consacres a la production provinciale du bois de cons- truction, par essences, celles-ci etant placees dansl'ordre numerique de la pro- duction de 1918. Ces tableaux indiquent, pour chaque essence: (o) le volume du bois scie, (6) le pourcentage de cette essence par rapport au total, (c) la valeur de ce bois, (d) la valeur moj-enne par mille pieds, mesure de planche, de chacune des essences enumerees. Dans la Colombie Britannique on constate une baisse de 42,908 mille pieds dans la production, a laquelle le cedre a contribue pour 30,457 mille pieds, le sapin-baumier pour 17,385 mille pieds et le pin blanc pour 14,190 mille pieds. Par contre le sapin Douglas, I'epinette et le tamarac presentent des augmenta- tions respectives de 9,666, 14,045 et 24,718 mille pieds. La valeur moj^enne, par mille pieds, s'est elevee de .S18.75 en 1917 a 824,49 en 1918, soit une augmenta- 1 tion de 30 p,c. Dans Ontario la production est demeuree presque stationnaire, viii BOIS DE CONSTRUCTION, LATTES, BARDEAUX, ETC. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 la (liniiuution, jiar rajiport a 1917, sc chiffrant par 202 niillp pieds. Parnii los osscncos on decroissaiu'c, figurcnt Ic pin hlanc pour 2(),884 millo pieds, la priiche pour 43,150 millc pieds ot lo jiin rouge jiour 2,200 niilh^ pieds, niais ccs r(''gressions sent conipcnsees dans une eertaine niesure jiar des augmentations dans la pro- duction de I'epinettc, a concurrence de 14,650 milie pieds, de lYrable j\ concur- rence do 11,777, du pin gris jl concurrence 0,799 mille pieds, du tilleul a concur- rence do 5,295 et du hois sci^' pour la clientele tY concurrence de 36,416 mille pieds. Dans cette province, la valeur moyennedu Vjois de construction, qui etait de $22.91 en 1917 est montee a 830.78 en 1918, soil une augmentation de 34-5 p.c. La province de Qu(''bec est la scule qui accuse une augmentation de produc- tion sur Tannc^e 1917; elle se chiffre par 13,510 mille pieds. Le bois d'epinette a dccru de 89,068 mille pieds par rapport a I'ann^e prec^dente. Mais ccttc pcrtc a ete contrcbalanc^e par les augmentations dc presquc toutes Ics autres essences et aussi du bois scie pour la clientele. L'augmcntation de la vale\ir moyenne fut de .'S4.66 par mille I'ieds, ou 23 p.c. Le Nouveau-Brunswick a produit 150,872 mille pieds de moins que I'an dernier. L'epinette a baisse de 189,596 mille pieds, la pruclie dc 10,030 mille pieds et le pin rouge de 4,557 mille pieds. D'autre Jiart, le pin blanc a augmente de 32,188 mille pieds, le cedrc dc 7,199 mille pieds et le bouleau de 9,309 mille pieds. Le cours moj-en du bois dc construction qui ^>tait dc $19.08 par mille pieds en 1917, est monte a .$27.54 en 1918, soit ulie avance d'environ 44 p.c. La production de la Nouvelle-Ecosse, qui avait ete de 236,710 mille pieds en 1917, est tombee a 176,332 mille pieds en 1918, diminuant amsi de 60,378 mille pieds, dont 49,228 mille pieds pour l'epinette, 5,083 mille pieds pour la pruche et 9,596 mille pieds pour le hetre. Le bouleau, I'^rable et le peuplier sont les principales essences qui aient beneficie d'une augmentation. Le prix mo.ven, par mille pieds, pour I'ensemble des essences du bois de construction, dtabfi ^ $18.61 en 1917 est aujourd'huide $23.21, soit une augmentation de 25 p.c. Toutes les provinces de prairies, ont vu decroitre le volume de leur produc- tion, celle de la Saskatchewan ctant inferieure de 12,540 miile pieds k celle de 1917, celle de I'Alhcrta de 11,239 mille pieds et cclie du Manitoba de 169 miile pieds. La presciue totalite dc cette diminution est attribuable a la baisse de la production du bois d'epinette. Comme dans les autres provinces, le prix du bois a continue sa marche asceridpnte, les augmentations <>tant de 21 p.c. en Saskatchewan, 29 p.c. au Manitoba, et 32 p.c. dans I'Alberta. Dans rile du Prince-Edouard, la diminution constat(^e est minime, ne d^passant pas 503 mille pieds. Le bois d'epinette scie est en augmentation dc 504 mille pieds; le sapin-baumicr et le hetre presentent ^galement de Icgeres augmentations, mais toutes les autres essences sont restees inferieures a la production de 1917. La moyenne du prix de vente qui etait de $18.17 en 1917 est montee a $21.64 en 1918, augmentation d'environ 20 p.c. Chacun des tal)leaux numerotes XIV a XXXIV est consacre a une essence particuliere et donne les chiffres de sa production totale et par provinces, pen- dant les annees 1917 et 1918. On y a ajoute une liste de varietes de bois connues et vendues dans le commerce sous un nom unique; les provinces oil croissent ces differcntes variety's sont indiquees en abrege. Lorsque cette evaluation est plac^e entre crochets, cela signifie que cette essence n'a qu'une tres minime valeur commerciale dans cette province. Les principales essences de bois dont la i)roduction a subi une baisse en 1908 sont l'epinette (323-781 m.p.), la pruche (50,751 m.p. J, le sapin-baumior (18,389 m.p.), le cedre (18,136 m.p.), le pin massif (10,390 m.p.), le hetre (7,778 m.p.), I'orme (1,829 m.p.), le peuplier cotonnier (1,545 m.p.), et le pin rouge (635 m.p.). Au contraire toutes les autres essences sont en progres, l'augmcntation la plus considerable ctant dans le bois scie pour la clientele (tableau XXXR'), qui s'^leve a 47,816 mille pieds. RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL xi DOC. PARLEMENTAIRE No 17a Production de la latte. — La production de la latte est indiquee clans le tableau XXXV, par provinces et dans le tableau XXX^'I par essences de bois. Comparee a celle de 1917 cette production a diminue en 1918 de 178,849 milliers, causee par le ralentissement de la construction, consecjuence du coiit elev6 de la main- d'oeuvre et des materiaux. Le prix moyen, par millier, pour le Canada, s'est eleve de $2.96 en 1917 a 83.13 en 1918. Ontario tient la tete dans la production de la latte avee 34 p.c. du total, le Xouveau-Bruns\vick occupe la seconde place avec 26.8 p.c, Quebec est troisieme avec 17.9 p.c. et la Colombie Britannique quatrieme avec 11.5 p.c. Si Ton considere les essences ayant se'rvi a cette fabri- cation, on constate qu'en 1918 I'epinette continue a occuper le premier rang avec 194,295 milliers ou 44.4 p.c. de sa totalite, le pin blanc arrivant en second lieu avec 150,455 milliers ou 34.3 p.c, toutes les autres essences representant ensemble 21.3 p.c. de la totalite. Production du bardeau. — Les tableaux XXXVII et XXXVIII sont consa- Gres au bardeau; I'un indique I'et endue de sa fabrication dans les differentes provinces et I'autre les essences de bois dont il est fait. Les statistiques indi- quent une diminution en 1918 de 358,435 milliers sur la production de 1917, pour les memes raisons qui ont fait decroitre la production de la latte. Le Colombie Britannique a fourni 81.2 p.c. de la production totale, Quebec prend le second rang avec 9.4 p.c. et le Xouveau-Brunswick est troisieme avec 6.4 p.c, toutes les autres provinces n'y contribuant que pour 3 p.c. La valeur moycnpe, par millier, est montee de S2.79 en 1917 a S3.07 en 1918, soit une augmentation legerement superieure a 10 p.c. Entre toutes les essences servant a cette fabri- cation, le cedre joue le role le plus important, s'attribuant 88.3 p.c. de la totalite, puis vient le pin blanc avec 6.9 p.c. et I'epinette avec 3.5 p.c Si Ton considere isolement le bardeau de cedre, on remarque que la Colombie Britannique, a elle seule, en a produit 2,048,738 milliers, .soit plus de 87 p.c, Quebec 6 p.c, et le Nouveau-Brunswick 4.6 p.c Terres boisees appurtenant a des compagnies ou parliculiers. — Le tableau XXXIX indique, pour chaque pro\'ince, la superficie approximative des terres boisees non exploitees, la quantite de bois sur pied qu'elles contiennent et sa valeur. Ces statistiques concernent exclusivement les forets possedees en vertu d'un titre de propriete definif'f, absolu; elle n'tmbrassent ni les terres boisees possedees a titre precaire, c'cst-a-dire en vertu d'un bail ou d'une concession de bois, non plus que les immenses etendues couvertes d'arbres ayant une reelle valeur commerciale, mais non considerees comme forets. On y voit que ces forets couvrent une superficie totale de 27,118,741 acres, contenant environ 88,281,249 mille pieds de bois debout, evalues a 8143,240,913; en 1917 cette superficie etait estimee a 19,289,094 acres, le volume du bois sur pied a 54,317,308 mille pieds et sa valeur a 8122,501,539; en 1918 on estime que chaque acre de terre boisee contient environ 3 .25 mille pieds, au lieu de 2.82 m.p. en 1917. Aux chiffres de 1917, ce bois valait 82.25 par m.p., tandis qu'en 1918 sa valeur est descendue a 81.62 par m.p. La province de Quebec est la plus riche, tant au point de vue de I'eteudue de ses forets que de leur richesse, Ontario occupe le second rang au point de vue de la superficie et le troisieme par rapport au volume du bois, le Xouveau-Brunsmck occupe le troi- sieme rang au point de vue de la superficie et le quatrieme par rapport au volume, enfin la Colombie Britannique est quatrieme en superficie et deuxieme en volume du bois. Quant aux autres .provinces, au point de vue de leurs surfaces boisees, elles se placent dans I'ordre suivant: Xouvelle-Ecosse, ^Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan et ile du Prince-Edouard; mais par rapport a leur richesse, I'ordre est legerement modifie, le voici: ^Manitoba, Xouvelle-Ecosse, Alberta, Saskat- chewan et ile du Prince-Edouard. X BOIS DE CONSTRUCTION. LATTES. BARDEAUX, ETC. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Outre les terres bois6es non encore exploit^es dont nous venons de parler, le Canada posscde 2,190,693 acres de terres bois^es dans lesquelles des coupes ont d^ja ^t^ pratiqu^es, ou bien qui ont et^ ravagees par les incendies; on en estime la valeur a S4,028,21 1 soit en moyenne SI. 84 par m.p. Matieres premieres, billes, billots, etc. Le tableau XL contient les statistiques des matieres premieres employees dans eette Industrie, par provinces, ainsi classifiees: Billots coupds dans les terres bois6cs de I'industriel recens^; billots de bois de sciage, billes a bardeaux, etc., achetes; bois en grume achcte pour etre tra- vaill^; autres matieres premieres, y compris poteaux, pieux et traverses de voies ferrees, etc., et frais de transport sur toutes ces matieres livrdes aux scieries ou entrepots de bois. Le coilt total des matieres premieres employees durant I'ann^e, s'est <51ev^ a §45,742,557, comprenant: billots de sciage, a concurrence de 833,667,084; billes a bardeaux, valant S4, 967, 804; bois en grume achet(5 valant SI, 801, 224; poteaux, traverses, etc., valant S4, 327, 486; enfin frais de transport s'ajoutant au prix d'achat 8978,959. Le cout de ces matieres premieres en 1918 repr^- sentait 31-26 p.c. de la valeur des produits ouvr^s, au lieu de 35 p.c. en 1917, cette difference etant attribuable a la hausse des cours de ces produits. Ce pourcentage varie de province a province; en Colombie Britannique il est de 33-92; dans Quebec 27-88; dans Ontario 22-54; au Nouveau-Brunswick 11-58: en Nouvelle-Ecosse 2-63; en Saskatchewan 0-67; au Manitoba 0-42; dans I'Alberta 0-22 et dans I'ile du Prince-Edouard 0-13. Capitaux Le tableau XLI est consacr^ aux capitaux places dans cette industrie; ses donnees sont classifiees sous trois rubriques: (1) terrains, batiments, machinerie et outillage des (a) chantiers de coupe de bois et (6) scieries, fabriques de bar- deaux et de lattes; (2) matieres premieres, stocks en voie de fabrication, produits finis et approvisionnements divers en main; et (3) fonds de roulement, compre- nant caisse, factures et billets a recevoir. On constate qu'en I'annee 1918, I'industrie du bois a absorbe un capital de $182,254,740, ce qui est une augmentation sur 1917 de 832,988,721, ou approxi- mativement 22 p.c. Les capitaux places dans les chantiers de coupe de bois sont passes de 824,102,445 en 1917 a 836,616,522 en 1918, augmentant done de 50 p.c. Dans les scieries et manufacture, ces capitaux qui rcpresentaient 848,545,792 en 1917 s'elevent a 854,225,840 en 1918, soit une augmentation de 12 p.c; les matieres premieres en stock, le bois en cours de fabrication, etc., qui valaient 844,788,359 en 1917 sont evalues a 855,059,898 en 1918, soit un accroissement de 23 p.c. Enfin les fonds de roulement qui figuraient en 1917 pour 831,829,423 sont portes en 1918 a 836,352,480, soit une augmentation de 14 p.c. Nous donnons ci-dessous un resume, par provinces, des capitaux absor- b^s, tant en 1917 qu'en 1918. RKCENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL DOC. PARLEMENTAJRE No 17a COMPARAISON DES CAPITAUX EN 1917 ET 1918 Canada 1917 1918 Alberta 1917 Colombie Britannique 1917 1918 Manitoba 1917 1918 Nouveau-Brunswick 1917 1918 Nouvelle-Ecosse 1917 1918 Ontario 1917 1918 He du Prinee-Edouard 1917 190S Quebec 1917 1918 Saskatchewan 1917 1918 Terrains, b&timents, machinerie et outillage 24,102,445 36,616,522 178,307 74,926 7,909,267 5,858,862 302,515 134,772 2.039,279 8,058,804 2,174,223 1,797,024 6,547,999 6,697,923 4,400 13.100 4.888.771 13,849.405 57,684 131.707 48.545.792 54.225,840 377,833 184,328 17,828.138 16,234.726 701.306 828.605 7,286,238 4.391,957 3.951,724 1.518,165 9. "88, 674 10,527,006 108,750 101.875 8,456,198 20.153.062 446.931 282.235 44,788,359 55,059,898 353,580 153,860 7.700,707 10.911,316 687,803 719.295 6.805.338 7,283.567 1,386.109 1,144.658 18.380.842 18,846.365 6.400 9.025 8.585,105 15,031,084 882,565 934,922 Fends de roulement, caisse, factures et billets k 41,829,423 36,352,480 178,335 55,421 8,410,607 9,403,544 724,543 898.567 5.052,473 5,622,527 1,353,300 598,109 9,567,330 10,791,050 7,952 11.290 5.621.035 S. 168, 269 913.848 800.245 Total des capitaux 149,266,019 182.254,740 1,088,055 468,534 41,848,719 42,408,418 2,416,167 2,581,239 21,183,328 25,356,855 8,865,356 5,057,956 43,884,845 46,862,344 127.502 135.290 27,551,019 57,201,820 2.301.028 2.149,109 Personnel, appointements et salaires Employes, commis, vendeurs, etc. — On trouve dans le tableau XLII pour chaque province, et pour le Canada, le nombre des employes de I'industrie du bois de construction, recevant des traitements ou appointements, et Icur classi- fication par categories et par sexe. Seules, les provinces de I'Alberta et de la Nouvelle-Ecosse presentent des diminutions dans les traitements et appointe- ments payes en 1918, par rapport a 1917. Dans toute la Puissance, on remarque que le nombre des employes, commis, etc., s'est accru en 1918 de 409 personnes et que les traitements et appointements de ce personnel ont augmente de .^592,580. On trouve ci-dessous un etat comparatif entre les annees 1917 et 1918 du nombre de ce personnel des deux sexes et de leurs traitements et appointements. Tableau comparatif des appointements en 1917 et 1918 1917 1918 Provinces. Employes Total des appointe- ments Employes Total des appointe- ments. Hommes Femmes Hommes Femmes nombre 2.874 48 762 40 430 201 726 1 627 39 nombre 289 I 103 1 55 10 72 36 7 % 4,781,300 38,070 1.396,213 54,440 545,42 153,419 1.460.007 1.000 1,055.379 77.348 nombre S,287 20 643 36 336 122 912 2 1,175 40 1 nombre 281 1 104 5 56 16 64 30 6 $ 5,373.880 20,760 1.406,647 67,759 Colombie Britannique 91,551 2.200 Quebec Ouvrieis et journaliers. ^Les ouvriers, manoeuvres et journaliers travaillant tant dans les chantiers de coupe de bois que dans les scieries, font I'objet du tableau XLIII. Depuis 1917 le nombre des bucherons, flotteurs, etc., s'est accru de 2,560 personnes et celui des ouvriers des scieries et manufactures d 1,430, soit une augmentation totale de 3,990 travailleurs dans cette industri® xii BOIS DE CONSTRUCTION, LATTES. BARDEAUX, ETC. 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 pour touto la Puissance. On constate (Sgalement que les salaire.s de la main- (I'a'uvrc ont avanct^ jiemlant I'anni'e dc $9,999,831, somnie qui r('i)re.sontc uno auginoutation dc plus dc 29 i).c. Lc r6suin6 ci-dcssous etahlit unc coniijaraison cntrc les aiuiccs 1917 et 1918, tant jjour le Canada que pour chacune des pro- vinces, du nombre de la nuun-d'ccuvre ouvridre et de sa remuneration. Tableau comparatif des ouvriers et des salaires en 1917 et 1918 Provinces Ouvriers, en 1917 Ouvriers, en 1918 Nombre Salaires Augmentation ou diminution Canada Alberta Colonibie Britannique. Manitoba Nouveau -Brunswick. . Nouvelle-Ecosse. Ontario lie du Prince-Edouard. Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon 6,539 2,994 16,447 S3,3U U, 412, 111 258,864 .046,370 470,781 1,574,275 ,246,246 1,115,652 25,356 1,708,709 965,663 6,551 2,478 16,804 44,412,242 174,177 13,021 641,338 4,015,781 1,146,240 12,926,710 28,511 10,740,644 1,113,9(8 3,784 S,m,831 — 84,687 2,574,748 170,557 441.506 — 100.006 2,811,058 2,655 4,031,940 148,276 3.784 Le signe moins ( — ) in lique une diminution. II resulte de I'exposc qui precede que, si les provinces de la Colombie Britan- nique, de I'ile du Prince-Edouard et de la Saskatchewan ont restreint le nombre de leurs ouvriers, elles ont eu, neanmoins, a subir une augmentation considerable du total des salaires pay^s. Dans les provinces du Manitoba, du Nouveau- Brunswick, d'Ontario et de Quebec, il y eut augmentation tant du nombre de la main-d'opuvre que de ses salaires. Dans I'Alberta et la Nouvelle-Ecosse, on remarque une diminution qui affccte tout a la foi.s et le nombre des ouvriers et leurs salaires; enfin le Yukon figurant pour la premiere fois dans ce tableau aucune comparaison n'est possible avec I'annee precedente. C'est dans la pro- vince de Quebec que I'industrie a ete le plus florissante en 1918, les salaries ayant augmente de 4,871 personnes, e.t les salaires de §4,031,940. Personnel occupe par mois. — Le tableau XLIV nous renseigne, mois par mois, sur le nombre du personnel occupe, dans chacufte des provinces et pour toute la Puissance. On y voit qu'en ce qui concerne les travaux effectues en foret, les mois de plus grande activite sont compris entre novembre et mars, que le flottage surlescours d'eau s'opere principalement d'avril a juin et que les scieries em- ploient le plus grand nombre d'hommes de mai a aoiit. Pour I'annee entiere, le nombre moyen des ouvriers occupes a I'abattage et au transport du bois fut de 26,954 hommcs, soit une augmentation de 2,560 sur 1917 ou un peu plus de 10 p.c; dans les scieries cette moyenne pour I'annee fut de 30,349 homines, soit une augmentation de 1,566 sur 1917 ou approximativement 5 p.c. Duree des operations. — Le travail dans les scieries est analyse dans lc tableau XLV, qui nous indifiue pendant combien de journees entieres, ou de fractions de jour, elles ont travaille, pendant comliicn de jours elles sont restees inactives et enfin la duree ilu travail par jour et par scmaine. Les scieries de la Colombie Britannique ont travaille pendant 210-41 jours sur un total de 304 jours, celles de Quebec durant 152-56 jours et celles cle la Saskatchewan 138 jours. Pour I'ensemble du Canada, la moyenne s'etablit a 114 jours environ de travail et 190 jours de fermeture. La moyenne de la duree du travail, pour tout le pays est de 9-4 heures par jour et de 56-2 heures par semaine; ces chiffres sont a peu pres ceux de toutes les provinces. RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL xiii DOC. PARLEMENTAIRE No 17a Consom77iation de comhustible. — II resulte des chiffres compiles dans le tableau XLYI, presentes pour rensemble du Canada et pour chaque province, que toutes les scieries du Dominion reunies ont consomme, durant Fannee, 94,334 cordes de bois evaluees a 8272,327, plus 25,995 tonnes de charbon evaluees a S198,233, ainsi que S40,928 de petrole, 833,131 de gazoline et enfin 847,887 'd'autres combustibles, comprenant le coke, le gaz naturel, etc., formant au total una somme_ de 8592,506 de combustible, au lieu de 8585,446 en 1917. La valcur des dechets, tels que dosses, rognures et sciure de bois n'est pas comprise dans la somme ci-dessus. Force motrice. — La force motrice mise au service de I'industrie du bois de construction est divisee, dans le tal)leau XLVH, en deux categories: celle pro- duite et celle louee. La force motrice produite se subdivise ainsi: vapeur 2,516 unites, susceptibles de developper 192,997 chevaux-vapeur, mais ayant produit effectivement 175,639 chevaux-vapeur; roues hydrauliques ct turbines, avec 93 unites, capables de fournir 41,041 chevaux-vapeur, dont 36,009 chevaux-vapeur effectivement utilises; moteurs electriques, avec 390 unites d'une force totale de 18,577 chevaux-vapeur, dont 15,805 utilises; moteurs a gaz avec 112 unites, d'une force de 7,046 chevaux-vapeur, dont 6,733 effectivement utilises et moteurs a gazoline avec 186 unites d'une force de 3,601 chevaux-vapeur, dont 3,364 effectivement utilises; enfin toutes autres forces motrices mises en oeuvre par 111 machines, de la force de 3,893 chevaux-vapeur, dont 3,523 utilises. La force motrice louee etait transmise par 476 moteurs, de la force de 14,668 chevaux-vapeur dont 11,653 effectivement utilises et 23 autres non specifiees, de la force de 712 chevaux-vapeur, dont 601 chevaux-vapeur utilises. Pendant I'annee, il a ete pa\'e une somme de 8134,275 pour I'achat de force motrice, soit a raison de 88.73 par cheval-vapeur potential et 810.96 par cheval-vapeur effec- tivement employe. Frais generaux Les frais generaux encourus pendant I'annee 1918, sont detailles dans le tableau XLVIH, pour chaque province. La depense la plus considerable est representee par le loyer des bureaux, les primes d'assurances et autres depenses diverses, qui se sont elevees a 87,651,967; le travail donne k forfait a coute 87,360,291 ; les provisions pour la nourriture des hommes et des chevaux, 85,946.- 730; les taxes et impositions 81,448,352; le loyer de manufactures 8299,792 et I'achat de force motrice 8134,275, fcirrant un grand total pour la Puissance de S22,841,407, en argmcntaticn de 84,926,239, sur I'annee 1917, ou 27-5 p.c. Importations et exportations La valeur des produits forestiers importes au Canada, au cours de I'annee 1918, s'est elevee a 811,999,940, dont 8380,338 de billots et 811,619,602 d'autres bois non ouvres; plus de 99-5 p.c. de ces importations viennent des Etats-Unis. D'autre part, les rapports du commerce indiquent que les exportations des pro- duits des forets canadiennes pendant la meme annee 1918 avaient une valeur de 865,372,236, comprenant 8547,351 de billots et 864,824,885 d'autres bois non ouvres; plus de 86 p.c. de ces exportations sont allees aux Etats-fnis. [No. ITb — 1921] — 1 Total -1.841,1 14 H.P. FIG. 1. Central Electric Stations. — Primary Power by character of Power [not including the 117.528 h.p. installed in auxil- iary fuel plants 1918. 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b CANADA DOMINION BUREAU OF STATISTICS CENSUS OF INDUSTRY, 1918 CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS IN CANADA (Prepared in collaboration with the Dominion Water Power Branch, Department of the Interior, with the assistance of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission, the Quebec Streams Commission, the New Brunswick Water Power Commission and the Nova Scotia Water Power Commission) PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1920 [No. 17b— 1921] li 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER Ko. 17b CENSUS OF INDLSTRY, 1918. CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS. PREFACE. The statistics iu this report on the central elwtric station industry of Canada have been collected and compiled in accordance with a co-operative arrangement •under the Statistics Act between the Dominion Bureau of Statistics and the Dominion Water Power Branch, Department of the Interior, with the assistance of the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission, the Quebee Streams Commission, the Xew Bruns- wick Water Power Commission and the vXova Scotia Power Commission. The returns were collected by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics with the assistance of the provincial organizations named, and the report herewith has been i)repared under the Statistics Act by Mr. J. T. Johnston, Assistant Director of Water Power, assisted by Mr. X. E. D. Sheppard, engineer of the Dominion Water Power Branch. The cordial thanks of the Bureau are tendered to the organizations co-operating as above described. The report includes only stations engaged in the distribution and sale of electrical energy and excludes electrical power developed by individual organizations for their own direct use. The results disclosed in the accompanying report provide convincing evidence of the extensive development of one of our most imjiortant industries, and indicate that Canada's water-power resources have been a leading factor in such development. The results of a special census of the developed water-power of Canada have recently been compiled. From these results it is shown that the central electric station industry employs 72.7 per cent of -the total water-power developed in the Dominion. The considerable difficulty exijericnced in securing complete reports from a number of stations during the 1917 census has been practically climated, as a result of thac:ty of Machines for Commercial and Municipal Stations by Provinces .S — -Number of Generating Stations by Kinds of Primary Power for Commercial and Municipal Stations 9 — Capacity per Station and per Machine for Commercial and Municipal Stations. . . . 10' — Steam E)n.gines and Steam Turbines by Capacity of Units for Commercial and Manicii>al Stations 11-i-Gas and Oil Engines for Commercial and Municipal Stations 12 — Water Wheels and Turbines by Capacity of Units for Commercial and ilunicipal Stations V vi . CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Hvdro-Electric Generating Stations Table Page 13 — Summary by Provinces 10 14 — Primary Power Capacity-Installed-Ultimate as designed — New Installation con- templated 12 Dtnamo Equipment 15 — Number, Kind and Capacity for Commercial and JIunicipal Stations 12 16 — Number of Stations by Kind of Dynamo for Commercial and Municipal Stations.. 13 17 — Capacity per Station and per Machine for Commercial and Municipal Stations. ... 13 IS — Number and Total Capacity for Commercial and Municipal Stations by Provinces. . 13 19 — Number and Total Capacity of Stations Grouped According to Dynamo Capacity and by Provinces 14 SO — Number and Total Capacity of Dynamos Grouped According- to size of Dynamo and by Provinces 14 Primary Power and Dtnamo Equipment 21 — Comparative Summary by Provinces 16 Capit.\l Intested ZZ — Total for Commercial and Municipal Stations 16 23 — Total and Average per Horse-Power of Primarj' Power Machines and per K.V.A. Capacity of Dj-namos. all Stations, by Provinces IT 24 — Total anci Average per Horse-Power of Primary Power Machines and per K.V.A. Capacity of DjTiamos, by Provinces IS Revenite fro:>i S.uj: of Power 25 — Total for Commercial and Municipal Stations according to use of Power IS 26 — For Stations Grouped according to Dynamo Capacity 19 Capital In^-ested .'INd Revenue from Sale of Power 27 — For Generating and Non-Generating Stations, by Provinces 19 CAPITAL Invested, Employees. S.vl.iries and Wages 2S — Total by Provinces 20 Employees, S.^l.^ries .vnp W.^ges 29 — For Commercial and Municipal Stations 20 Sfl — Total for Commercial and Municipal Stations, by Provinces 21 31 — .\veraee per Primary Horse-Power and per K.V.A. D>-namo Capacity, by Pcovincis. 21 Wage E.\rners 32 — Number for all Stations Grouped by Weekly Wages paid December 15, 191^ 22 Fuel Consumption 3.3 — In Generating Stations 24 General SuMM.\r.v of Statistics 34 — Total by Province.' and by Class of Station 26 CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b THE CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATION INDUSTRY OF CANADA, 1918. INTRODUCTION .\ND SUMM.\RY. The first detailed statistical analysis of the central electric station industry in Canada was published in connection with the census of industry for the year 1917, and in it were presented to the public, in a manner not hitherto attempted, the principal features of the status and development of the industry as to January 1, 191S. The introduction of that report referred to the comparatively short history of the central electric station industry and its subsequent extraordinarily rapid development since the first power stations were placed in operation in the years 18S1 and 1882. However a full realization of the present day dependence of industrial and domestic life upon the supply of electrical energy can only be gained through a study of statistics such as are presented in this report. This second analytical census report of the central electric station industry is complete to January 1, 1919, and shows a decided activity in the development of power for domestic and commercial lighting and power purposes. This activity is evidenced by the installation of additional units and the replacement of old equipment by more efficient units in existing generating stations; by the reorganization and changes in ownership of existing stations; by the extension of distribution systems; and more particularly by the large additional capacity contemplated in connection with power plants at present in operation. Apart from the present census returns a further evidence of the ever-increasing advance in the generation and distribution of electrical energy for public and private service is to be found in the large number of generating stations now actually imder construction throughout Canada and the prospective developments contemplated for the near future. Of the plants at present under construction the more important are the Chippawa- Queenston, Nipigon and High Falls water-power developments of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario; the Drummondville water-power development of the Southern Canada Power Company, and the Chaudicre Falls development of the Ottawa and Hull Power and Manufacturing Company in Quebec; the Northeast and Indian River Development of the Xova Scotia Power Commission near Halifax, in Nova Scotia, and the Great Falls development of the Winnipeg River Power Company in Manitoba. The aggregate ultimate designed capacity of these developments is 587,600 horse-power. In addition, there are numerous smaller hydraidic and fuel power developments in the course of construction, notably at Lawrencetown, in Nova Scotia; at Hampton, in New Brunswick; at Eiver du Loup and Armagh, in Quebec, and at Lloydminster, in Saskatchewan. Scope and Character of the Present Report. The census definition of the term central electric station is a station which sells or distributes electrical energy for lighting, heating or general power purposes. Central electric stations may be classed under two characteristic heads: those which generate their own power and those which do not generate any power, but purchase a block from some other station for the purpose of reselling the same. Under this defijiition each generating plantin a system iind each separate organization distributing electrical energy is listed as a separate station. viii CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 In a oonsiderablo number of cases the ecntral electric station operations are conducted in conjunction with some other industry, such as electric railways, mininft. pulp and pai>cr, etc., and in many instances the primary power units of small lumber and grist mills are utilized to supply power for lighting service at night. The relation of the central electric station activities of such composite cases to the entire operations varies greatly ; in some instances the supply of electrical energy is only incidental to the main operations, while in other instances the central station operations form the major activities. In each case where the central electric station operations are com- bined with those of some other industry special requests were made for a careful s^regatiou in the census returns of all data pertaining to the central statir)n opera tions. The data was then carefully checked with information from all available sources in order to eliminate, as far as possible, any error arising from the inclusion of statistics properl.v chargeable to the other industry. The statistics therefore deal only with tlie central electric station industry. Com- panies engaged in mining, electric railway operations, pulp and paper, himber and other manufacturing, which incidentall.v distribute electrical energy for usc.outsid»^ of the company's own operations, are each classed as a central electric. station in so far as it distribute^ electrical oiiergj'. On the other hand, companies generating electrical power for the sole purpose of carrying on the industry in which they are engaged are not included iu this census. In a number of instances of central stations operated in conjunction with electric railways, pulp and paper manufacturing, and mining, the power operations are carried on by a distinct organization for which separate accounts, etc., are maintained, the power department or subsidiary organization being credited with the value of the energy supplied to the allied industry. In such cases the entire power development comes under the census classification of a central electric station and is therefore included in this report in its entirety. Some idea of the complexity of the central electric station industry resulting from the adaptibility of electrical energy to long distance transmission, may be formed from the following details of the more complicated systems existing in Canada. Certain of the large power companies not only generate power for sale, but also purchase blocks of power from other distributing companies and in turn sell blocks of power to various other central electric stations. In one instance the company operates its own power plant; operates under agreement the plant of another organization; operates an extensive system of transmission lines ; sells electrical energy as well as mechanical energy direct to consumers; sells blocks of power to its subsidiary com- panies, some of which in turn operate their own generating station ; and also sells power in bulk to other independent central electric stations. In this particular instance power is sold in bulk to companies operating large distribution systems nearly as com- plex as the one under consideration. Another somewhat different system includes a number of subsidiary companies each operating a generating station and each supply- ing practically its entire output to the parent company, which acts as a distributing company, selling power not only direct to consumers, but also in bulk to other central electric stations. In Ontario the Hydro-Electric Power Commission's systems presents another outstanding case of the inter-connection of central electric stations. The general framework of the system, embracing the generating station and transmission lines operated by the provincial commission, the purchasing of blocks of power from other central stations and the distribution of power to local municipal commissions, is well known and does not require further detail here. Each individual local municipal system constitutes a separate central electric station, mostly of the non-generating type, the exceptions being those operating generating plants as well as purchasing power from the provincial commission. Another complex case is presented by a com- pany operating two distinct systems ; ^Hirchasing all the energy used in connection with one system and generating part of the energy distributed over the second system. CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS ix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b To supply the first system this company purchases the entire output of the two plant-; operated bj' a subsidiary company and also purchases a large proportion of the output of another separate and indeiiendent organization. For the second system this com- pany operates a generating station and also purchases the entire output of a plant (iperated by its subsidiary company. Apart from this inter-connection of stations which, while complex, neve];theless ]iertains entirely to central electric station operations, there are also the numerous instances of these operations being carried on in conjunction with those of other industries. The foregoing serves to illustrate the difficulties of securing a clear-cut analysi- of the station returns. The total number of central electric stations reported in this census is greater than that reported for 1917. The increase is not entirely due to new developments but l)artially to the addition of stations" in existence during 1917 concerning which informa- tion was received at too late a date for inclusion in the previous report. A more thorough understanding of the organization of some of the larger and more compli- cated stations has also made possible the individualizing of a number of stations of which the statistics had in last year's report been included in one central controlling organization. The equipment details of each central station with other pertinent data were published in' the 'Directory of Central Electric Stations in Canada issued as Part IT of the Census of Central Electric Stations for 1917. The directory is complete to .January 1, 1919, and will be revised and published periodically ; additions contained in this statistical report, together with subsequent changes will be included in a future issue. The statistics are compiled and analysed in such a manner as to facilitate com- parison between stations owned by commercial or private organizations and those owned by municipalities or other governmental commission ; between stations operated by hydraulic power and those operated by fuel power; and between stations generating- electrical energy and those buying a block of i>ower for resale. The municipal stations include not only municipally-o^\aied systems but also those operated by provincial com- missions and the Federal Government. The commercial stations are those owned by private corporations, partnerships and individuals. In the statistics of hydraulic power stations are details of the auxiliary power plants as well as the actual water- power developments and relative data. The fuel power stations include those stations whose only source of power is derived from fuel-using prime movers, namely steam- engines, .steiim-turbines, gas-engines' and oil-engines. The subdivisions of generating and non-generating embrace respectively, all stations operating generating plants and those whose only source of power is that generated by some other central electric station. More details of the primary power equipment of the a^uxiliary and stand-by fuel power plants have been incorporated in this year's report. These auxiliary plants contain a considerable aggregate primary jjower installation representing a large capital expenditure. Since these plants are 'nnth one exception suijplemental to hydraulic power developments and since the financial statistics proportionately charge- able to the power supplied by these plants is not separable with any reasonable degree of accuracy from those of the main plant, the statistics of their power equipment has been tabulated separately under the caption Auxiliary Plant Equipment and are not included in any totals except where specifically stated to the contrary. The financial statistics relative to these auxiliary and stand-by plants are, however, included with those of the main plants to which they are auxiliary. • Copies of the Directory of Central Electric Stations in Canada may be secured by applica- tion to tile Director of Water Power. Department of the Interior. Ottawa. X CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 General Summary. Summary of Principal Hems. — Table 1 summarizes the results of the census of central electric stations, listing the principal items reported and drawing a comparison between commercial and municipal stations. The total number of generating and non-generating stations reporting for the year eAding December, 31, 1918, is 795, an increase of 129 over those reporting in the 191T census. Of this total 515, or G4-8 per cent, generate their own power and 280, or 35-2 per cent, are of the non-generating type, while 377 are commercial or privately owned and 418 are municipally or publically owned. The excess in municipal stations is attributable to the non-generating type; 64-5 per cent of the generating type are commercial and 35-5 per cent municipal or public, while 16-1 per cent of the non- generating type are commercial and 83-9 per cent are municipal or public. It will be noted by reference to table 2 that the municipal non-generating stations of the province of Ontario accounted for 204, or nearly 73 per cent of the total non-generating stations in Canada. The large number of municipally owned non-generating stations in Ontario is largely due to the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, which system includes 194 non-generating central stations. The total capital invested in the central station industry is $401,942,402, of which $356,547,217 is invested in actual power development, including real estate, power plant and equipment, dams, penstocks, flumes and other hydraulic works, transmission and distribution systems, substations and receiving stations, and the balance, $45,395,- 185, represents miscellaneous supplies, cash, trading and operating accounts and bills receivable. Of the total, $288,151,605, or 71-7 per cent, is invested in commercial, and $113,790,797 or 2S.3 per cent in municipal or pubilc plants and systems. The total revenue received from the sale of electrical energy for all purposes was $53,549,133, of which 31-7 per cent, or $16,952,512, was from power used for lightinjr purposes, and 68-3 per cent, or $36,596,621, from power used for all other purposes. The total revenue received by commercial stations was $33,190,882; for lighting, $8,638,648, or 26 per cent, and for all other purposes $24,552,234, or 74 per cent. Muni- cipal stations received a total revenue of $20,358,251; for lighting, $8,313,864, or 40-8 per cent, and for all other purposes $12,044,387, or 59-2 per cent. The revenue received by commercial stations was 62-0 per cent of the total revenue received by all station;. With regard to the type of station, irrespective of ownership, the generating stations received a revenue of $42,201,435, and the non-generating stations $11,347,698. The latter amount, however, does not entirely represent the revenue received from the resale of energy purchased in bulk from other central electric stations, since there are a number of generating stations which purchase blocks of power, the revenue from which is combined with that received from the sale of power actually generated by the station. The total operating expenses, which inchides salaries, wages, fuel and such other miscellaneous expenses as rent of offices, mechanical power and electrical energy pur- chased, insurance, taxes, ordinary repairs to buildings and machinery, etc., for all stations was $30,265,864. Of this total the amount chargeable to the operation of commercial stations was $16,851,623, or 55-7 per cent, and to the municipal stations $13,414,241, or 44-3 per cent. The commercial stations employed 5,690 persons, with salaries and wages amoimt- ing to $6,137,525, while the municipal stations employed 4,006 persons, at a total expense of $4,216,717. Included in the total operating expenses is $9,641,048 paid for electrical energy purchased in bulk for distribution. This energy is generated by central stations whose reports are included in the statistics and is sold to other central stations both of the non-generating and generating types. Of the total numberl of stations which purchase electrical energy in hulk from other central stations only 8-5 per cent are of the generating type. Yet this class of station purchases an amount almost equal to that purchased by tlie 280 non-generating stations, the amount paid CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS xi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b for such energy by non-generating stations being $5,076,452 and by generating stations $4,504,596. The total primary power installation is listed for the main plants as 1,841,114 horse-power, and for the auxiliary and stand-by plants as 117,528 horse-power, or a grand total including all plants of 1,958,&42 horse-power. This division has been maintained throughout the report, so that, excepting where definitely specified to the contrary, the figures for installed primary power do not include the auxiliary or stand-by equipment, the figures for these plants being listed separately. The summary of the total capacity of the different types of prime movers installed, together with the analytical tabulation of these units in the various tables of the report, provide complete data for the study of this particularly interesting branch of the statistics. It is notable that of the total main plant primary installation of 1,841,114 horse-power that derived from water is 1,682,191 horse-power, or 91-4 per cent; that from steam is 145,6:^7 horse-power, or 7-9 per. cent; and that from internal combustion engines is 13,286 horse-power, or 0-7 per cent. The total generator capacity for the main plants is 1,433,722 kilovolt-amperes and for the auxiliary or stand-by plants is 91,811 kilovolt-amperes, making a total for all plants of 1,525,533 kilovolt-amperes. Analysis of Staiion^. — Table 2 lists the number of central electric stations in Canada and by provinces according to ownership and type of station. This analysis presents some very interesting figures with respect to the development of the central station industry in the various provinces. Out of the total 795 stations reported there are 366, or 46-1 per cent, in Ontario; 149, or 18-8 per cent, in Quebec; 61, or 7-7 per cent in Saskatchewan; 60, or 7-5 per cent, in British Columbia; 53, or 6-7 per cent, in Alberta: 39, or 4-9 per cent, in Nova Scotia; 29, or 3-6 per cent in Manitoba; 25, or 3-1 per cent, in Xew Brunswick; 9, or 1-1 per cent, in Prince Edward Island; and 4, or 0-5 per cent, in the Yukon Territory. The eseess of stations in Ontario has already been partially discussed, but refer- ence to column 5 of table 2 will show that it is not entirely due to the large number of non-generating stations, inasmuch as the province of Ontario leads in the number of generating stations also, reporting 150, or 29-1 per cent of the total of 515 generating stations in Canada. The province with the next highest number of generating stations is Quebec, with 114, or 22-1 per cent of the total. The generating stations are further analysed as to source of power, 280 stations, or 54-4 per cent, deriving power frqm water and 235, or 45-6 per cent, from fuel. Power Equipment per Capita. — The relation of the installed primary power and dynamo capacity to the population as presented in table 3, emphasizes to a marked degree the dependence which, in Canada, has been placed upon water-power for the development of the central station industry. Apart from the Yukon Territory, in which the limited population and small number of stations supplying large blocks of power for mining purposes does not permit of comparison with the provinces, the five provinces Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec deriving the greater portion of their central electric station power from water-power show on the aggregate an average installation of 249 horse-power per thousand population. On the other hand, the four provinces, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Saskatchewan, in which fuel-power plants are in the predominance have an average installation of only 41 horse-power per thousand population. Population by provinces is the only feasible basis available for making a per capita analysis of the central station industry. The occupation of the population and its varying density in different localities have a direct bearing on the market for I lectrical power, and hence on the development of the central station industry. Con- sideration of these phases will assist in explaining the variations in the per capita development shown in table 3. xii CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Primary Power Equipment. As previously noted considerable dotnils of the statistics of auxiliary and stand-by plant equipment have been incorporated in the tables of this report in view of tho large installation reported for this type of plant and the corresponding large capital investment involved. It should also be noted that in the event of a shortage of power these auxiliary plants may in many instances be operated continuously, as was the case with a number of these stations during the year 1917, when the dennind for power for the manufacture of munitions was insistent. Summari/ of Power Equipment. — In table 4 arc listed the totals for the Dominion and bj- provinces of the installed capacity of the different types of prime movers and of the electric generators. The results are tabulated to show the grand total capacity of all primary power .units, the total capacity not including the units installed in auxiliary or stand-by plants, and the total auxiliary plant capacity; tirst, for all tyiios of prime movers; second, for steam-engines and steam-turbines; third, for gas and oil engines, and fourth, for water-wheels and turbines, with a separate tabulation for electric generators for all t.vjies of stations. As the auxiliary and stand"by plants are essentially fuel using, the tabulation for water-wheels and turbines represents the capacity installed in jirincipal plants only. The aggregate installed capacity of all types of prime movers in central electric stations in Canada is l,9r>.S,(>42 horse-power, of which 1,841,114 horse-power is principal plant installation and 117,528 horse-power is auxiliary or stand-by plant equipment. The total for steam-engines and steam-turbines is 202,502 horse-power, which includes 116,925 horse-power installed in plants operated as auxiliaries or stand-bys. In the same way the total gas and oil-engine installation, 13,889 horse-power, is divided for principal plants, 1.3,286 horse-power and for a.uxiliary plants 003 horse-power. The aggregate generator installation is 1,525,.")3;3 kilovolt-amperes of which 91,811 kilovolt- amperes is the capacity of machines installed in auxiliary plants. A similar tabu- lation of the installed capacity of the diffei-ent types of units is given also by provinces. The remarkable degree to which the water-power resources of the Dominion have already been utilized in the central electric station industry as compared with the use of fuel power (91-4 per cent of the total main plant primary installation being hydrau- lic power), is shown in gi-aphical form by figure 1 (see frontispiece). The provincial totals of installed primary power are shown diagrtimmatically by figure 2, while figui'e 3 illustrates for each of the provinces the relation between the primary power derived from water and that from fuel. Distrihidwn and Kind of Primiirij Fairer Equipment. — Table 5 presents a com- parison between the n.umber of units and total capacity of the different t.vpcs of prinn' movers installed in the main plants, giving the percentage that the total capacity of each type is of the total primary power installation. It is notable that for the Dominion the hydraulic installation is 91-4 per cent of the aggregate capacity of all units, and that in each of five of the ten provinces the water wheel and turbine instal- lation is over 95 per cent of the total for that province. On the other hand the province of Saskatchewan derives all its power from fuel; 84-3 per cent from steam plants and 15-7 per cent from gas and oil plants. The low percentage of power from water reported for Xova Scotia, 18-5 per cent, should not be taken as reflecting the water-power resources of that province. With the completion of the hydro-electric developments at present under construction the proportion of power derived from this source will be greately increased. This table is of particular interest in that a clear conception of the provincial distribution of the different types of prime movers is obtained from a study of the percentage columns. The distribution of the totals of each type of jirime movers according to owner- ship is given in table 0. Of the total primary power units two-thirds were reported by commercial stations. The steam power units were reported in the proportion of 5 CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS xiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b fm' eomuiercial stations to 4 for rounieipal, ynth 57-5 per cent of the total power for these units in the former and 42-5 per cent in the latter tyi^e of station. The com- morcinl stiifinns show nnicli hirger percentages in the hydraulic power installation, o Hundreds of thousands of H.P. 23456789 IC Ontario Quebec British Columbia Alberta Manitoba Saskatchewan . Nova Scotia New Brunswick Yukon Prince Edward 1. Id Prima Leger ry Pow I 1 FIG. 2 Central Electric Stations. — Total Primary Power by Pro- vinces I not including the primary power equipment of auxiliary power plants) 1918. Hundreds of thousands of H.R 3 4 5 6 7 8 ^^ Z3 i 1. Z f I 3 Legend Water Power BaHBi Fuel Power v^^wwa ^ 1 1 1 Ontario Quebec British Columbia Manitoba Alberta Yukon New Brunswick \, Nova Scotia Prince Edward I. Saskatchewan FIG. 3. Central Electric Stations. — Water us. Fuel Power by Pro- uinces I not including the primary power equipment of auxiliary power plants \ 1918. 75-2 per cent of the units and SO-0 per cent of the horse-power being reported by these stations. In a manner similar to that adopted in table 5, the number of units and installed capacity for commercial and municipal stations are compared with the total for all xiv CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Stations in table 7. Of the aggregrate niaiu plant prime mover capacity, 1,841,114 horse-power, 77-9 per cent, or 1,434,196 horse-power \a installed in privately-owned plants and represents the capacity of 073 units out of a total of 1,009. In Prince Edward Island and Yukon Territory 100 per cent of the central station power instal- lation is privately owned. Following these districts come Quebec with 90-9 per cent, British Columbia with 940 per cent, New Brunswick with 87-3 per cent, Nova Scotia with 7S-G per cent, Ontario with 66-2 per cent and Alberta with 66 per cent. In Saskatchewan 95-8 per cent and in ^Lanitoba 65-6 per cent is nmnieipally or publieally owned. An interesting analysis of the number of generating stations by types of prime movers or combinations of different types of prime movers is presented in table 8.. These figures are given for stations of private and public ownership. Out of a total of 515 generating stations, 122 contain steam-engines only, while 11 other stations contain steam-engines in conjunction with steam-turbines and 5 others contain steam- engines together with either gas or oil engines. Similarly S stations contain steam- turbines only; 11 have steam'turbines and steam-engines and 1 has steam-turbines used in conjunction with gas-engines. Summarizing the data in column 2 of this table it is seen that 133 stations contain steam-engines ; 20 contain steam-turbines, 94 contain gas or oil-engines, and 2S0 contain water-wheels or turbines. Of the stations contain- ing water-wheels or turbines 44 have auxiliary or stand-by plants, either supplement- ing their output or held in readiness in the event of breakdowns or other interruptions. While reviewing the number of stations employing various types of prime movers it is of particular interest to further consider the average capacity of the stations and the average horse-power of the machines as presented by the analysis in table 9. The number of stations upon which the average capacity per station for the total power is based is the actual number of generating stations reporting, viz., 515, while the summation of the niimber of stations used in connection with the individual com- putations for the different types of machines is of necessity slightly greater than the actual number reporting, since a station having two different types of prime movers is listed twice. The average capacity for the 515 stations reporting is 3,575 horse-power and the average horse-power for the 1,009 primary power machines in these stations is 1.825 horse-power. The average for commercial stations is 4,320 horse-power per station and 2,131 horse-power per machine, and for municipal stations, 2,224 horse-power per station, and 1,211 horse-power per machine, the municipal stations having on an average approximately one-half the capacity and containing units of slightly more than one-half the size of the average units in the commercial stations. Interesting facts are revealed by a study of these averages as applied to the different types of prime movers. For instance, the average capacity of the 2S0 hydraulic generating stations is 6,008 horse-power. Of these stations 205 are privately owned and have an average installation of 6,564 horse-power, while 75 are publicly owned and contain machines of an average capacity of 4,487 horse-power. On the other hand, the average capacity per station and per machine of the steam-power stations as listed is practically the same for municipal and for commercial stations. This is due to a large extent to the fact that a number of the larger steam-power plants of private ownership are operated as auxiliary plants to supplement hydro-electric power and as such are not included in the analysis presented in this table. A comparison of the primary power installation in principal plants of the com- mercial and the municipal central electric stations is presented for the various types of prime movers in tables 10, 11 and 12, the first table listing the steam-engine and steam-turbine units, the second listing the gas and oil-engines and the third listing the water-wheels and turbines. The results show the number of units within certain capacity ranges and their aggregate rated horse-power capacity. Table 10, which lists the steam-power units in groups according to the horse-power capacity of the units, shows clearly the limited field of the steam-engine and the CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS xv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b adaptability of the steam-turbine to the central electric station industry. The largest reciprocating steam-engine in use in the industry is of 2,250 horse-power capacity, while five steam-turbines of capacities ranging from 5,000 horse-power to 10,000 horse- power are in constant use and five others are installed in auxiliary plants. It is notable that of the total 218 steam reciprocating engines, 191, or 87-6 per cent, are rated under 500 horse-power and aggregate 33,869 horse-power, while of the S7 steam-turbines 21, or 56-8 per cent, are rated at over 2,000 horse-power and have a total capacity of 78,2fi3 horse-power. The commercial stations contain a total of 121 steam-engines of an aggregate capacity of 32,025 horse-power and 20 steam-turbines with a total capacity of 51,715 horse-power, or 38-2 per cent of the total steam-power capacity of commercial stations is accounted for by the steam-engines and 61-8 per cent by the steam-turbines. This analysis according to capacity of prime movers is illustrated in graphical form by figure 4. Tens of thousands of H.R SOOH.Rorunder Over 500 HP and under 2.000 H.R 2.000 H.Pand under 5.000 H.R \wmm^{'m//mj!^^/^m//^\mmz7^ 5,000 H.P.and under lO.OOOH.P 10,000 H.R. and over ^^ wM:ymm^m^/.7m\ Legend Steam Engines I^^H Steam Turbines ^^^^ FIG 4. Central Electric Stations. — Steam Engines and Steam Tur- bines by Horse-power Capacity of Units ( not including the primary power equipment of auxiliary power plants ) 1918 The internal combustion engine totals are listed in table 11, from which it is seen that the number of units installed in commercial and municipal plants is about equal, but that the installed horse-power of the municipal plants is 8,486 horse-power, as against 4,800 horse-power for commercial plants, or 63-9 per cent of the total. The use of this type of engine for central electric stations is not limited to any particular locality excepting in so far as the small capacity of the units provides such limitation. The province of Saskatchewan has 63 gas- and oil-engines, or 47 per cent of the total for the Dombiniou. Hydro Power in Central Station Industry. — Canada is exceptionally endowed with resources of hydro-power. Practically every great industrial centre is now served with hydro-electrical energy and has within easy transmission distance ample reserves of water-power. Active construction in hydro-electrical enterprise is fast linking up the few centres which are still unserved, and which have water-power resources in their vicinity. In view of the exceptional degree to which the central electric station industry in Canada has made use of water as the source of energy for primary power installation, an analysis of the statistics of this type of station is of special interest. The comparison of the primary power installation of commercial and municipal hydraulic central electric stations is given in table 12. A study of this table is instruc- tive in showing the distribution of the units between specified ranges of capacity. For instance, in both the commercial and municipal stations more than half the total installed capacity is represented by units of over 10,000 horse-power, or to be exact, 59-5 per cent in commercial stations and 55-9 per cent in municipal stations. xvi CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Tlic lotiil liyilraulii' iii^tnllati'Hi of l.osj,!!)! liiji>c'-iiuwjr is comiiri7,00ri horse-power, or S6-C per cent of the whole, i.s conlrihutwl by 180 units of 2,000 horse-power and over; 1,267,980 horse-power, or 75-4 per cent, by 119 units of 5,000 horse-power and over; 989,900 horse-power, or 58-8 per cent, by 74 units of 10,000 liorse-power and over; and 318,500 horse-power, or 18-9 per cent, by 18 units of 15,000 horse-power and over. The commercial stations account for 406, or 75-2 per cent of the machines and 80 per cent of the total power. It might be noted in this connection that two additional units of 20,000 horse-power each have been installed in one of the Ontario publicly-owned plants during the year, but due to the fact that they were not placed in operation until 1919, they are not included in this analysis. Fipure 5 gives diaarnmniatical i)resentati(in nf the totals shown in table 12. Hundreds of thousands of H.P. 500 HP or under Over 500 H. Rand under 2.000 H.R 2.000 HP and under 5.000 H.R 5.000 HP and under lO.OOO H.P. 10.000 H.P.and under 15.000 H.R I5.000 H.P. and over Legend Water Power ■ FIG. 5. Central Electric Stations.— Water-uuheels and Turbines by Horse-power of Units. 1918. A comprelieiisive summary of the statistics of the hydro-electric central station- is given in table 13, from which some idea may be gained of the important role played by this type of station. The statistics are limited solely to the central electric station industry and do not include any particulars respecting the vast industrial interests directly and indirectly dependent upon cheap hydro-power. The figures therefore represent the hydro-electric station foundation upon which a large proportion of the industrial activity of Canada is 'based. In view of this, the table is of special interest. The financial statist ic-s refer to the reports of hydro-electric generating stations only and do not include the non-generating sitations which buy jiowcr in bulk from hydro- electric stations. ■ The total water-wheel and turl)in(> hovsc-powei- in hydro central stations is 1,682,191, or 91-4 per cent of the total equipment in principal central station plants and 85 0 per cent of the aggregate primary power of all prime movers, including the Lquipnicnt of auxiliary and stand-by plants. In connection with the (>20 water-wheels iind tni-biues there are installed for auxiliary or stand-by purjxjses 50 reciprocating steani-ongines totalling 20,595 horse- power, 20 steam-turbines totalling 96,000 horse-power, and 5 gas- and oil-engines totalling tWJ horse-power. Thus the total installed prime mover capacity of liydro- •ilectric central stations, including the auxiliary plant machines, is 1,799,389 horse- power. The capital employed in these stations is $320,678,516 and the gross revenue derived from the power sold is $33,908,420, that received for power sold direct for lighting purposes being $5,705,526, and that for all otli.r jniriioses $28,142,894. CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS xvii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b Of the provinces. Ontario has tlie largest capital emploj'ed in liydro-electric stations of the generating type, accounting for $139,64S,S6'2, or 4'2-S per cent of the total for this type of station in the Dominion; Quebec accounts for $130,682,260, or 40-0 per cent of the total, atd the two provinces combined for 82-8 per cent of the total. Similarly 85-6 per cent of the total revenue reported by stations of this type v.as received by Ontario and Quebec combined. The total dynamo capacity reported for hydro-electric stations is 1,301,224 kilovolt-aniperes and for the auxiliary plants J)l',(>36 kilovolt-amperes, representing ;in install:! t ion of 5S4 and 53 machines respectively. The average dynamo capacity jicr installed water-horse- power is 0-77 kilovolt ampere. The table gives in consider- able detail the distribution of the primary power units by provinces according to size. The 56 hydraulic turbines of 10,000 horse-power and under 15,000 horse-power, with a total capacity of 671,400 horse-power, and the 18 turbines of 15,000 horee-power and over with a total capacity of 318,500 horse-power, form part of the noted installa- tions of the large distributing companies in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, as do also the larger auxiliary ])lant installations listed for these provinces. The foregoing discussion of the hydro-electric central stations is not- complete without a reference to the ultimate designed capacity of the plants and to the addi- tional installations at present under construction or contemiilated for construction in the near future. This phase is particularly pertinent to this report in view of the fact that in a great many cases, particularly in respect to the larger iwwer develop- ments, the dams, head-works, power-houses and tail-races are so constructed as to permit of the ready installation of additional units with a minimum capital expendi- ture. In other words, the capital invested in the construction of the existing power stations includes the cost of permanent works for future installations. Table 14 lists by provinces the toal horse-power of water-wheels and turbines at present actu- I'lly installed, the ultimate designed capacit.v of existing plants and the total con- templated capacity for new installations. It will be noted that the existing plants are designed for an ultimate capacity of 432,852 horse-power in excess of that already installed and that installations aggregating 135,755 horse-power are contemislated for the near future. The work of installing a number of these new units is at present well advanced. Generating' Equipment. ' The statistics of generating eqiiipment of the central electric stations are given separately for direct current and alternating current dynamos and are analyzed in much the same manner as the statistics for primar.v jwwer equipment. The dynamos installed in auxiliary power plants are not included in the statistics, except where definitely noted. The total dynamo capacity reported is 1,433,722 kilovolt-amperes, which gives an average of 0-78 kilovolt-ampere per installed primary hoi-se-power. The total number of dynamos as given in table 15 is 990, which includes 141 direct current machines with a total capacity of 12,494 kilovolt-amperes and 849 filtemating current machines with a total capacity of 1,421,228 kilovolt-amperes, representing 99-2 per cent of the total capacity of both types. It will be noted from the percentages given at the foot of this table that 78-8 per cent of the installed capacity of the direct current machines and 78-0 per cent of the capacity of the alternating current machines is in commercial stations, while 21.2 per cent and 22.0 per cent respectively represents the installation in municipal stations. In table li6 are given the number of stations containing different types of dynamos. Of the 515 generating stations reporting, 81 contain direct current machines only, 421 contain alternating current uiachines only, and Id contain both +ypes of dynamos. Seventy-eight decimal six per cent of the total number of com- mercial stations and 87.4 per cent of the total number of municipal stations contain alternating current dynamos only. 17b— 2 xviii CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 The average capacity of generating raacliiiies i)er station and per machine i< given in table IT. Dealing with the totals for both types of dynamos the average I'apacity per station is shown to be 2,78-1 kilovolt-amperes, the 332 conmaercial stations having an average capacity of 3,369 kilovolt-amperes aid the 1S3 municipal stations 1,723 kilovolt-amperes. The average machine capacity for all stations is 1,448 kilo- volt-amperes, while for commercial stations this average is 1,697 kilovolt-amperes and for municipal stations 953 kilovolt-amperes. The notable feature of the average capacity comparisons given for direct current dynamos and alternating current dynamos in thie table is the extremely low average shown for the direct current machines. This is due to the very limited use of the direct current dynamos in the central statica industry. Table IS presents, for commercial and municipal stations, the number and kilovolt-ampere capacity of the dynamos by provinces. The analysis set forth in this table is comparable to that for the primary power machines as given in table 7. The percentages listed in columns six and seven in each of the tables are naturally very similar in the ease of each province. A study of the average capacity of unit.* installed in the different provinces, and in the stations of different ownership, should prove of interest. Referring to both table 7 and table 18, we find that in the province of Alberta, for instance, there are 84 prime movers, with a total capacity of 75,915 horse-power, or an average per machine of 903-7 horse-power, while the number of dynamos is 78, aggregating 58,193 kilovolt-amperes, or averaging 746 kilovolt-amperes per machine. On the other hand in British Columbia the average capacity of the primary power machines installed for central electric station purposes is 2,525 horse- power, and for dynamos is 1,519 kilovolt-amperes. The provincial totals of the installed dynamo capacity are shown in graphical form in figure 6. Hundreds of thousands of HP. O I 2 3 4 5 ' 6 '7 Ontario Quebec British Columbia Alberta Manitoba.. Saskatchewan . Nova Scotia New Brunswick Yukon Prince Edward I. FIG. 6. Central Electric Stations. — /CK/4. Capacity of Dynamos by Provinces not including the generating equipment of auxiliary power plants ^ 1918. """" ^^1 ^ ^ ■ ^ ■ ■ 1 Dy Lege namoCapa nd icity IH^ ■ The comparison of average installed dynamo capacity as discussed above should not be considered without a better understanding of the distribution according to capacity of stations and size of machines as given in tables 19 and 20 respectively. Table 19 shows that 284 of the total 515 generating stations have dynamo capacities under 300 kilovolt-amperes, while 37 of the stations have individual capacities of 5,000 kilovolt-amperes or over with an aggregate capacity of 1,190,964 kilovolt CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS xix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b amperes, or slightly over So per cent of the total dynamo capacity for all stations. Also the number of dynamos -svith capacities under 200 kilovolt-amperes is given in table 20 as 450 and for capacities of 5,000 and over as 93. The aggregate capacity of the machines in the latter group is 917,552 kilovolt-amperes, or ©4 per cent of the total capacity for all dynamoe. Thus it will be seen that the large generatirfg. stations operated to supply extensive distribution systems increase the average dynamo capacity per station and per machine to e-uch an extent that a detailed analysis is essential if an intelligent idea of the whole situation is to be gained. The provincial distribution of the stations and machines aceordi-ng to capacity as presented in these tables provides a very interesting study. For comparative purposes a summarj- of primary power equipment and gener- ating equipment has been submitted in table 21. An interesting analysis of the installed dynamo capacity per installed primary horse-power may be made from this table. For the Dominion the statistics show an average of 77 •? kilovolt-amperes dynamo capacity for every 100 horse-power of installed prime movers. For the provinces of Ontario and Quebec the average is 80-5 kilovolt-amperes per 100 horse- power and for the other provinces it varies from 60-4 kilovolt-amperes to 97-6 kilovolt-amperes ' Financial Statistics. The conditions which tend to complicate an analysis of the central electric station industry were stated in the section dealing with the scope of the report and referred to in subsequent discussions of the various power equipment tables. It may be well, however, to review here the various important factors which require consideration in the interpretation of the financial statistics as compiled from the census returns. The statistics treat solely with the central electric station industry and where some other industry is carried on by the organization reporting, every cai'e has been taken to segregate as accurately as possible the data pertaining to the central electric station operations. A great variety of industries are operated in conjunction with central electric stations. There are, however, two outstanding allied operations which must be given special consideration, namely, the supply of power for electric railways and for water- works pumping stations. The former are mostly operated by commercial stations and the latter by municipal stations. In both cases the central electric station operations are at least equal in magnitude to those of the allied industry and there- fore greatly differ from other composite stations where the sale of electrical energy is merely incidKital. In a number of instances the electric railway and the power operations are carried on by separate organizations subsidiary to the same controlling organizations, thereby alleviating any difficulty in securing separate statistics. In other instances the electric railway is operated as a distinct department and as such is charged by the power department for the energy supplied. Under both of these eoadi- tions the whole power installation is used for central electric station purposes. There are, however, certain cases where the two operations are not separated, where the generating station contains special units for electric railway purposes. In these cases the statistics relative to the central electric station activities have been secured by careful estimates. The problem arising out of the combined operation of a central electric station and a waterworks pumping station is not so complicated as that presented by other composite stations since it is limited to municipalities, which in the main have separate departments for each of these activities, the power depart- ment receiving credit for the power supplied to the waterworks department. Thus separate financial statistics are available for the electric light and power department. Where no cash income is derived from the current supplied for the purposes cited above and for municipal purposes such as lighting streets, parks and public buildings, 17b— 2* x.\ CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 the actual rev^cnue rccovdfd for stiitioiis supplying such services has l>fcii auguiuentcd by an amount equal to the value of the energy furnished computed at prevailing rates. Capital ]n rested in Central Electric Stations. — The total capital investment in the industry is shown in table 22, to be $401,942,402, of which commercial stations reported $288,151,605, or 71-7 per cent, and municipal stations $li:!,7'J0,797, or 2S-o lier cent. This total investment is given under the following two headings; real estate, buildings, hydraulic works, power station, substation and receiving station equipment and transmiss'ion and distribution equipment, $356,547,217; and cash and current assets including supplies and accounts and bills receivable, $45,395,185. These figures include not only generating stations but stations of the non-generating type. Table 23 gives the total capital invested in the industry in each of the provinces and the average investment per installed primar.y horse-power and per kilovoU-amiiere of the dynamos. These averages are computed for the installed capacity of the machines reijorted for the principal plants alone, and for the combined installations of both the principal and auxiliary plants. As previously stated it is obviously impossible to segregate the financial statistics rightly credited to the aiuciliary plailts so that the capital invested per unit power, including the auxiliary plant equipment provides the more logical basis of analysis. On the other hand the auxiliary plants in the majority of cases do not represent active power equipment but merely equivalent capacity held for emergency purposes. The figures shown in this analysis are of particular interest in demonstrating the development of the industry in the various provinces as reflected by the capital investment. For the Dominion the average capital invested per installed primary liorse-power, not including the prime movers of the auxilary plants, is $218, and based on the combined installation of both the principal plants and the auxiliary plants is $205. The provincial averages vary from $162 in British Columbia to $343 in the Yukon Territory. The provinces Ontario and Quebec show a remarkably similar investment per installed unit power. Capital Inrcsfcd in Uydro-electric Central Stations and Systemft. — In table 24 is presented the capital invested in hydraulic power stations and non-generating stations which purchase their electrical energy from hydraulic power stations. Thus the capital invested in extensive distribution systems operated by numerous individual organizations but supplied by power purchased in bulk from some hydraulic generating station is all included in the totals in this table. These totals of capital invested .should not be confused with those given in table 13, which represent only the capital reported by stations generating their own power from water. The total capital invested in these stations for the Dominion is $364,470,961, or 90-7 per cent of the total capital invested in all central electric stations in Canada. The average investment per installed water-horse-powei- is $217, or if the capacity of the fuel i)lants operated as auxiliaries to hydraulic plcints is included, the capital invested per horse-power is reduced to $203. The provincial figures are of interest and show a marked relation of the capital invested in the two provinces which have the greatest development. British Columbia, which has third place in the development of water-power for central electric station ])urposes, has the least capital investment per installed water-horse- power. Figure 7 presents in graphical form by provinces the capital invested in water- ppwer stations and in fuel-power stations and the total for both tj-pes of stations. Revenue from Sale of Power.— 'Before considering the details of the revenue )cc-eived from the sale of power as reixirted by the central electric stations it should be emphasized that these totals include the income received from the resale of the energy purchased in bulk by one central station from another central station and that in some cases the same energy supplies a revenue to as many as three separate stations before finally reaching the consumer. The revenue received from the second or third sale of the power is to a large extent segregated in tables 2G and 27 imder the columns CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS xxi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b for stations having no generating equipment, although not entirely, since a number of the generating stations buy power in bulk from other stations to augment their own supply. Ontario Quebec British Columbia Manitoba Alberta Saskatchewan Nova Scotia ' New Brunswick JB Yukon F*rince Edward 1. 1 Legend In Water Power Stations I In Fuel Power Stations 'r^^'^^^^A Total FIG. 7. Central Electric Stations.— Capital Inuested by Provinces. 1918. The returns as listed in table io show a total revenue for all stations in Car of $53,549,133, of which 62 per cent wa5 reported by commercial stations and 38 per cent by municipal stations. The census called for separate returns for power sold direct for lighting purposes and for power sold for all other purposes. Under this latter caption is included the income from bulk sales to other distributing companies which in turn reported their revenue under the two headings. The revenue from power sold for lighting was $16,952,512 and for all other purposes was $36,596,621, or 31-7 per cent and 68-3 per cent, respectively, of the total income from all power sold. Table 26 presents the distribution of the revenue received for stations grouped according to dynamo capacity. The total gross revenue received from the sale of elec- trical energy by all central electric stations was $53,549,133. The stations with dynamo capacities under 200 kilovolt-amperes accounted for $1,278,799, of which $1,115,922 was from power sold for lighting purposes and $162,877 from power sold for all other piir- poses. Opposed to this the table gives the total revenue received by stations with dynamo capacities of 5,000 kilovolt-amperes and over as $30,978,872, of which $5,351,398 was derived from lighting and $25,627,474 from all other purposes. These figures, quoted for the generating stations grouped at either end of the table, show the principal market enjoyed by each class of station ; the smaller stationo deriving 87-3 per cent of their total revenue from energy sold for lighting and the larger stations receiving S2-7 per cent of their gi'oss income from sales for general power purposes. Generating stations of intermediate sizes show a gradual change in their principal source of revenue. The non-generating stations, which reported 21-2 peT cent of the total receipts for all stations in Canada, show a fairly equal participance in lighting and general power sales. It should be particularly noted in regard to the above comparison, that the revenue reported for the sale of power for all other pur- poses includes bulk sales to other central electric stations and that a part of such power is sold by the latter stations for lighting. For analytical purposes a comparison between invested capital and gross income has been submitted in table 27 by provinces. The table lists the total for all stations xxii CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 and for generatiug and noii-generating stations separately. The stations operating their own generating plants reported an invested capital of $364,6»>3,24<3, or 90S per cent of the total for all stations, and a grose revenue of $42,201,4-35, or 78-8 per cent of the total income secured. On the other hand the capital invested in stations which do not generate any of the power they distribute is $37,289,156 and the gross receipts reported by these stations is $11,347,098, which figure must provide for the purchase of the power. The extensive sj-stems of nou-generating stations in Ontario account for 71 0 per cent of the capital and 07-2 per cent of the revenue reported for all non- goiioratiiig stations in Canada. Employees, Salaries and Wages. Separate returns were required for salaried employees and wage-earners. The census called for a division of the salaried employees under two classes ; office super- intendents and mauagex's; and clerks, stenographers and other salaried employees. iSTo division wa* asked for in the case of the wage-earners. In considering the employees reported for the central electric station industry it was not deemed advisable to make any analysis according to work performed but merely to list the regular salaried employees and the wage-earners separately. Thi; reason for this decision will be apparent when it is realized that in many of the smaller generatiug stations all the work is performed by one or two persons while the simplicity of the operation of many of the non-generating stations requires the ser- vice of only one employee. It should also be pointed out that in the operation of com- posite stations and muuicipallj"-owned stations the services of certain employees are frequently utilized for pait of the time on work not at all connected with the central electric station. In the case of part-time employees only that part of their salaries chargeable to the central station operations has been included in the statistics. In table 28 are given for each of the provinces the capital actually invested in power stations and transmission and distribution sjistems, the total investment representing "working capital," the number of salaried employees, the amount paid in salaries, the number of wage-earners and the total wages paid. The number of wage-earners listetl here is the average number eraialoyed during the year, whereas the number shown in table 32 is the number on the pay roll on December 15! The amount invested in land, buildings, hydraulic works, power equipment and distributing systems and equipment for all stations was $356,547,217, of which $157,712,233 or 4-4-3 per cent, was reported by stations in Ontario, $118,015,571 or 33 1 per cent in Quebec, and $37,441,624 or 10-5 per cent in British Coliunbia. The capital invested in plants and systems for these three provinces aggr^ates $313,169,428, or 87-9 per cent of the total for the Dominion. The statistics presented in table 29 are for the number of salaried employees on December 15, 191S, or on the nearest reprcsentiitive day, with the total salaries paid. By the arbitrary choice of this date, with the pro'^-ision for the station reporting to varj- the date according to lo«al conditions, it is found that the statistics represent as nearly as possible the normal employment during the year. The figiu-os for wage- earners give the average number of persons for the year with the total amount paid in wages. The total number of persons engaged in the central electric station industry in Canada was 9,096, with aggregate salaries and wages of $10,.354.242. The commercini stations employ 5,090 persons at an expense of $6,137,525, or 58-7 per cent of the total employees at 59-2 per cent of the total salaries and wages for all stations. The table gives the salaried employees and wage-earners for all stations combined and for commercial and municipal stations separately. Similar details of the number of employees, salaries and wages are given for each oi the provinces in table 30. In accordance with the development of the industry as CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS xxiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b noted by tlie statistics of power equipment and capital invested, tlie provinces of Quebec and Ontario together reported 76 per cent of the total persons employed by all central electric stations in Canada. Ontario employed 4,431, or 45-8 per cent; Quebec 2,943, or 30-3 per cent; British Columbia 634, or 6-5 per cent; and the rest of the provinces from 4-5 per cent down to 0-3 per cent. The development of the municipality-owned stations in the province of Ontario is again emphasized in thi>5 table by the fact that 63. 5 per cent of the total ntmiber of persons employed by this class of stations was reported in Ontario. An iuteresting analysis of the number of persons employed and the amount paid in salaries and wages per installed primary horse-power and per installed kilovolt- ampere capacity of the dynamos is presented for each of the provinces in table 31. The province of British Columbia reported the lowest average number of employees, 3-9 per thousand horse-power, with an average of $3.94 per horse-power paid in salaries and wages. The combined statistics of the province of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec, -which derive the bulk of their central electric station energy from water-power plants, show the average number of employees per thousand horse- power to be 5-0, "with an average of $5.38 per horse- power paid in salaries and wages. The provinces of Xew Brvmswick, ^Xova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan, with a predominance of fuel-power plants reported an average of 11-4 employees per thousand horse-power and an average of $11.64 per horse-power on salaries and wages. Table 32 includes only the wage-earners or persons paid on homly, daily or weekly wage, who were on the pay-roll December 15, 1918. It also includes wage-earners who were on part time only as well as those engaged for the full day. It is the part time employees that cause the average weekly wage to api)e.ar low. The 'table shows the nimiber engaged at the different wage rates in each province and throughout the Dominion, and analyzes the returns according to sex and age. Of the total those under 16 years represent only 0-4 per cent and the female employees only 0-7 per cent; 27-4 jjer cent were paid over $25 per week, 29-8 per cent between !?20 and $25 and 23-7 per cent between $15 and $20; of the total, SO -9 per cent were paid over $15 per week. Table 33 shows the fuel used by stations that supplement their water-power in generating electrical energy wdth steam, gas or oil engines, during peak loads or dry periods, or use steam, gas or oil engines exclusively. This table should not" be considered by itself but in connection with table 4. Excluding the auxiliary plants which operate only part time, Alberta has the greatest horse-power capacity in steam, gas and oil engines, but due to the cheap gas, oil, lignite and bituminous coal in that province the cost of fuel is only $348,678 for 42,315 installed horse-power. Saskatchewan which generates all its power by fuel has a bill of $529,760 for 41,215 installed horse-power, while Ontario's cost of fuel is $556,698 for 35,992 horse-power installed in main plants, or 73,140 horse-power in both main and auxiliary plants. These variations are due to the nature of the fuel and freight charges added to the price at the mines. For example, the average price of lignite coal, as taken from this table, was $1.72 per ton in Alberta, $3.70 in Saskatchewan and $3.90 in Manitoba, and bituminous slack was $3 in Alberta, $4 in British Columbia, $5.90 in Saskatchewan and $6.15 in Ontario. A general detail summary of the totals of aU the principal items of the census has been consolidated in table 34. The statistics are given for the Dominion total, provincial totals, commercial stations totals and municipal stations totals. The totals for commercial and municipal stations are further subdivided into the three types of stations according to the source of power, viz., hydraulic generating, fuel gener- ating, and non-generating stations. The provincial and other totals included in this summary table give a compre- hensive idea of the development of the central electric station industry throughout Canada. 11 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b A, 1921 TABLES— TABLEAUX Siimmary — Resume. Table 1. — Principal Features of Statistics by Ownership.- (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919. i Tableau 1. — Principaux elements des statistiques, par categories d'usines.- (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Number of Stations— Nombre d'uslnes With generating equipment — Munies de dynamos Without generating equipment — D6pour\-ues de dynamos Total Capital invested—Capltaui engages In Power Development, Transmission & Distribution — Dans les ou\Tages et usines, ia transmission et la distribution In Miscellaneous Supplies, Cash Trading and Operating Accounts, and bills receivable— En appro^nsionnements et fonds de roule- ment Total Ke?enue from sale of Power— Ketettes protenant de vente d'electridte For lighting purposes — Pour I'^lairage For all other purposes — Pour tous autre-s usages Total Operating Expenses — Depenses d'eiploitation Salaries and wages— Traitements, appointements et saialres Number of Persons Employed— Personnel employe, nombre Fuel— Combustible .411 otber sundry expenses— Tous autres frals generaux... . Total Horse Power- not including auxiliary plant equipment Cheiaux-vapeur a rexcluslon de la machlnerie des usines auiiiialres (1) Steam Engines and Steam Turbines — U) Machines & vapeur et turbines h vapeur Number — Nombre Horse Power — Force en chevaus-vapeur (2) Waterwhecls & turbines — (2) Roues hydrauliques et turbines Number — Nombre Horse Power — Force, en chevaui-vapeur (3) Gas and Oil Engines — (3) Motenrs k gaz et & p6trole — Number — Nombre Horse Power — Force, en chevaux-vapeur Dj-namos — D>-namos — Number — Nombre K.V..\. capacity — Capacity en K.V..\ Auxiliary Plants. Steam Engines and Steam Turbines, Gas and Oil Engines — Usines auxiliaires. Machines et turbines k vapeur, moteurs k gaz et k p6trole — Nuipber — Nombre Horse Power — Force, en chevaux- vapeur. . Dj-namos- Dynamos Number — Nombre : K.V.A. Capacity— Capacitf en E.V.A Total. Total 45,395,185 93,549.133 16,952,512 36,596.621 30.265.SM 10,354, 243 9.696 2.6S6.132 1J,?S5,490 1.841.114 255 145.637 620 1,682,191 134 13,286 990 1,433,722 Usines cipales 37,560,390 33,190, 8,63«,648 24.552,234 1C.851.C33 6,137.525 83-740 466 1,345,636 66 4,800 639 1,118,438 56 110,853 39 87.215 113. 790. 797 105.956,002 7,834,795 20,358,231 8,313,864 12,044,387 13,414,241 4.216,717 4 006 1.120.400 Com- ciales Muni- cipales. 075.124 533 40C.918 77 9 114 61,897 55 3 57-3 134 336,333 73-2 800 68 8.486 49-3 36- 1 331 315,284 66-6 78- 1 20 6,675 73-7 94-3 15 4,596 72-2 93-0 490 32-9 4i 3 40-7 41 3 42.C 4C 7 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Table 2. — Number of Stations by Type and Ownership. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919 1. Cinada.. Alberta— Alberta British Columbia— Colombic Britanmque Manitoba — Manitoba w ■ v New Brimswick— Nouvcau-Brunswick Nova Scotia — Nouvelle-Ecoese Ontario— Ontario ■ ■ Prince Edward Island— He du Princa-Edouard.. Quebec — Qu6bec Saskatchewan — Saskatchewan Yukon — Yukon Muni- Gener- Non-y«ier- cipal ating ating Munici- pales CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b -Resume. Tableau 2. — Nombre d'usines. par genres et par categories. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Generating Non-Generating Hydraulic Fuel G6n6ratrices Xon productrices Hydrauliques A combustible Commer- Muni- Commer- Muni- Commer- Muni- cial eipal cial cipal cial cipal cial cipal — 1 — Total — . — Total — . — Commer- | Munici- Commer- Munici Commer- Munici Commer- Munici- ciales j pales ciales pales ciales pales ciales pales 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 3Xi\ 18S 45 l»5 28* 2115 J5 2S5 vn 1*8 1 3 4 3 1 45 24 21 32: 18 5 5 3C 22 X 20 10 10 10 14 1 4 4 3 1 20 7 13 li 7 1 2 8 6 2 14 9 5 22 13 3 1 15 6 7 22 16 6 97 53 12 204 115 4(1 3S 22 13 8 1 6 6 _ 2 2 95 19 20 15 9S S3 IB 15 12 3 23 37 1 _ 60 23 37 3 1 - 1 1 - 2 2 - Summary — Resume . Table 3. — Relation of Primary Power and Dynamo Capacity by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919i. Tableau 3. — Relation entre I'energie primaire et la capacite des dynamos, par provinces. (Usine electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Population Number of Stations Nombre d'usines Primar>' Power Fnergje primaire K.V.A. capacity of dynamos Capacity des dynamos en K.V..\. Provinces Total Com- cial Com- ciales Mun- pai Muni- cipa- les Total Horse Power Total ch.-vap. Water Wheel or Turbine. H. Power Ch.-vap. des roues hydrauliques ou turbines .\mount Total K.V.A. per 1.000 Pop. K.V.A. par 1,000 hab. -\mount Total H.P. per 1.000 Pop. Ch.-vap par 1,000 hab. Amount Total HP per 1,000 Pop. Ch.-vap par 1,000 hab. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 Canada Alberta— .Uberta British Columbia~Co- lombie Britannique... Manitoba — Manitoba. . - New Brunswick — Nou- veau-Brunswick Nova Scotia— Nouvelle Ecosse Ontario — Ontario Prince Edward Island — lie du Prince-Edouard Quebec— Quebec Saskatchewan — Saskat- chewan Yukon — Yukon ■8,$35,e«« 588,000 718,000 619,000 369,000 519.000 2,821,000 94.000 2.326,000 754,000 9,000 7»5 53 60 29 25 39 366 9 149 61 S77 28 37 11 16 25 109 9 115 23 418 25 23 18 9 14 257 34 38 1,841,U4 75,915 217,184 75,142 18,563 19,565 780,213 1,353 611,744 31,215 10,220 209 129 302 121 50 38 277 14 263 41 1,135 1,682,1»1 32,600 211,043 71,790 6,978 3,614 744,221 227 601,718 10,000 190 55 294 116 19 264 2 259 l.lll 1,433,722 58,193 138,225 50,961 12,836 18,235 628.109 1,321 492,467 27,195 6,180 1$2 99 193 82 35 35 223 14 212 36 687 Note: — 'Includes population of North West Territories — 18,000 Nota: — *Les 18,000 habitants des Temtoires du Nord-Ouest sont compris dans ce total. CENSUS OF INDUSTRY Table 4.- 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Summary -Total installed Capacity of Stations including Auxiliary or Stand-by Plants, by kinds of machines and by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations. January 1, 1919). Primary Materiel fournis^ant la Total Horse Power Total des chev.-vap. Steam Engines and Turbines Total Horse Power. Macliincs k vapeur et turbines il vapeur. total chev.-vap. Including Aui. Plant Equipment Y comprLs le materiel des usines auxiliaires Not including Am. Plant Equipment Ni^n compris le materiel des usines auziliair«s Aux. plant £kiuipment only Materiel des usines auxiliaires seulement Including Aui. Plant Equipment Y compris le materiel des usines auxihaires Not including Aux Plant Equipment Non compris le matfriel auxiliaires Aux. plant Equipment only Materiel de« usines ' auxiliaires seulement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7- l.S58,«42 78.320 243.964 94.542 19.063 20.315 819,743 1,353 639,907 31,215 10,220 1.841,114 75,915 217,184 75,142 18,563 19,565 780,213 1,353 611,744 31,215 10,220 U7,SJ8 2,405 26.780 19.400 500 750 39.530 44.380 30.606 22.090 11.010 16.481 73.140 425 37.895 26.315 220 145. n7 41.975 4,326 2,690 10,510 15,811 33,625 425 9.740 26.315 220 Alberta— Alberta British Columbia — Colombie Britannique. . . 2,40.'. 26.280 New Brunswick — Nouveau-Brunswick .iOO 670 39,515 Quebec— Quebec 28.163 28,153 Primary Power Equipment -Number, Kind and Capacity of Machines by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Kind Sources de I'^ner Total Primary Power Total du materiel fournissant la force motrlce primaire Horse Power Chev.-vap. Total Steam Vapeur, total Per cent o( Col. 3 Pour- cent, de I la col. Horse Power Chev.-vap. Per cent Col. 3 Pour- cent, de la col. 3 Canada Alberta— Alberta British Columbia— Colombie Britannique Manitoba — Manitoba New Brunswick — Nouveau-Brunswick. . Nova Scotia — Nouvelle-Ecosse Ontario — Ontario Prince Edward Island — lie du Prince-Edouard Quebec — Quebec Saskatchewan — Saskatchewan Yukon — Yukon 75,915 217,184 75,142 18,563 19,565 780,213 1,353 611,744 31,215 10.220 14S,a7 41.975 4, 2.690 10.510 15.811 33.625 425 31-4 1-6 84-3 CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b — Resume. Tableau 4. — Machinerie des usines, y compris !es usines auxiliaires ou de reserve, par sortes de machines et par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919j. Power force motriee primaire Dynamos Dj-nTmos Gas and Oil Engines Total— Horse-Power Moteurs ^ gaz et k p6trole Total chev.-vap. Water Wheels and Turbines Total Horse Power Roues hydrauliques et turbines total chev.-vap. Total K.V.A. Capacity. Capaeitfe totale en K.V.A. Including Aui. Plant Kquipment Y compris le materiel des usines Not including Aux. Plant Equipment Non , compris le materiel dea usines auxiliaires Aux. Plant Equipment only Materiel des usines auxiliaires seulement Including Aux. Plant Equipment Y compris celles des usines auxiliaires Not including Aux. Plant Equipment Non compris celles des usines auxiliaires Aux. Plant Equipment only D>'namos, des usines auxiliaires seulement 8 9 1S,«8« 1.340 1.815 662 1,075 140 2,367 701 286 4,900 10 11 12 13 14 U,88S 1,340 M3 32,600 211,043 71,790 6,978 3.614 744.221 '227 1,529,533 60- 143 159,140 64,711 12,836 18,691 661,020 1,321 514.296 27,195 6,180 l.«3,7» 58- 193 SI, Ml 1.9.i0 2,315 662 500 138,2251 20,915 50.961 13,750 1,075 220 2,382 701 80 15 18,2351 456 628.109 32,911 1.321 294 8 601,718 492.467 21,829 10,000 Materiel foumissant la force motriee primaire. Tableau 5. — Nombre, genre et force des machines, par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). of Power gic primaire Steam Engines Steam Turbines Gas and Oil Engines Water Wheels and Turbines Machines i vapeur Turbines & vapeur Moteu rs k gaz et k pfetrole Koues hydrauliques et turbines Horse Power Horse Power Horse Power Horse Power Chev.-vip. Chev.-vap. Chev.-vap. Chev.-vap. |Per cent [Per cent iPer cent iPer cent of of of of No. Col. 3 No Col. 3 No Col. 3 .\o Col. 3 — Total — Total Total — Total Nomb. Pour- Nomb. Pour- Nomb. Pour- Nomb. Pour- cent, de cent, de cent, de cent, de la col. 3 la col. 3 la col. 3 la col. 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 218 54,781 3 0 37 9«.8a3 4.9 131 13.28« 0 7 «2* i.ess.m 91 4 47 12,275 16-2 10 29,700: 39-1 13 1,340 1-8 14 32.600 42-!) 19 3,696 1-7 1 630 0-3 12 1,815 0-8 54 211,043 97-2 17 2,690 3-6 - - 11 662 0-9 16 71.790 93-5 20 6,555 33-3 3 3,955 21-S 5 1.075 5-8 15 6.978 37-6 39 9,791 50-0 3 6,020 30-8 2 140 0-7 15 3,614 18-5 37 8.455 11 n 25.170 3-2 16 2.367 0-3 284 744,221 95-4 2 425 31-4 - - - 4 701 51-8 6 227 16-8 16 4.190 0-7 ,i 5,550 0-9 8 286 214 601.718 98-4 20 6.647 21-3 9 19.668 63-0 63 4,900 15-7 _ _ - 1 60 0-6 1 160 1-6 - 2 10,000 97-8 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY Table 6. 11 GEORGE V, A. 192t Primary Power Equipment - -Number, Kind and Capacity of Machines for Commercial and Municipal Stations. (Central Electric Stations, January 1 , 1919). Kinds ot Tower- Total Primary Power Total Steam Total 'du matdricl Vapcur, total (oamiasant la force motrice primaire | ria..<.i n( Station— Cat^ories d'usines No. N^b. Horse Power Cbev.-vap. No. N^b. Horse Power Che>-.-vap. Total Percent o( Col. 3 PMr- omt. de la col. 3 1 2. 3 4 5 -6 Total 1,«M 1,8U,U4 25S lU.Ul 673 336 IMt 1,434,196 406,918 141 114 INt 83,740 61.897 Percent IN* Total of Total Commercial — Commerciales Miinimptil — Municipal's 66-7 33-3 77-91 55-3 57-5 42-5 - Table 7. — Number and Capacity of Machines for Commercial and Municipal Stations by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919.'. Tableau 7. — Nombre et capacite des machines des usines commerciales et des usines miinicipales, par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Total Horse Power of Primary Power Machines Force tolale. en chev.-vap. des machines foumissant la force motrice primaire Commercial Commerciales Municipal Municipal es Provinces No. Nomb. Horse Power Chev.-vap. No. Nine Per machine— Par machine Steam turbines — Turbines k vapeur Per station — Par usine. Per machine — Par machine Gas and oil engines — Moteurs i gaz et h p£trolc. Per station — Par usine Per machine — Par machine Waterwheels and turbines — Roues hydrauliques et turbines Per station — Par usine Per machine— Par machine 3.575 1,825 U5.637 4.320 2.131 83.740 90.853, 51.715 39.138 4.543 4.310 4.892 2.45.5' 2.586 2.302 13.286; 4.800 8.486 141 102 181 99 73 125 (5S2.191 1.345.656 336.535 6.008 6.564 4.487 2.713 2.888 2.185 2.224 1,211 61.897 Table 10. — Steam Engines and Steam Turbines by Capacity of Units for Commercial and Muni- cipal Stations. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 10. — Machines a vapeur et turbines a vapeur, classees par series, dans les usines commer- ciales et municipales. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919(. • Steam power Equipment grouped according to Horse-Power Classement, par chevaus-vapeur Class of Stution. Calories a'u.--namos Total Commercial Commer- ciales Municipal Municipales 1 2 3 '' i Total 315 si 421 13 332 63 261 8 183 Stations with direct current only— Usines avec courant direct seulement.. . Stations with alternating current only — Usines avec courant altematif seulement . Stations with both D.C. and .4.C.— Usines avec les deul genres de courant IS 160 5 Table 17. — Capacity per Station and per machine for Commercial and Municipal Statilns. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 17. — Leur capacite, par usine et par machine, dans les usines commerciales et municipales. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Kind of Dynamo— Genre tie dj-namos Total Commercial Commer- ciales Municipal Municipales 1 2 3 4 Total K.V.A. Capacity— Capacite toUle en K.V.A Average capacity— Moyeime de capacity Per station — Par iisine Per machine — Par machine 1,433.722 2.784 1.448 12.494 133 89 1.421.228 3.277 1.674 1,118,438 3,369 1,697 9,849 139 98 1,108.589 4,121 1,987 315, ?84 1,723 953 Average capacity — Moyerme de capacity — 115 66 Alternating current dynamos — Dj-namos A courant alternatif Average capacity— Moyenne de capacity — .312,639 1,895 Per machine — Par machine — 1,07, Table 18. — Number and Total Capacity for Commercial and Municipal Stations by Provinces' (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). ^ Tableau 18. — Leur nombre et leur capacite totale, dans les usines commerciales et municipale par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Canada .\Iberta— Alberta British Columbia — Colombie Britan- nique Manitoba — Manitoba New Brunswick — Nouveau-Brunswick . Nova Scotia — Nouvelle-Ecosse Ontario — Ontario Prince Edward Island — He du Prince- Edouard Quebec — Quebec Saskatchewan — Saskatchewan Yukon — Yukon Total K.A'.A. Capacity of D>-namos — Capacity totale des dynamos en K.V.A. No. Nomb. 58,193 138,225 50,961 12,836 18,235 628, 109 1,321 492,467 27,195 6,180 Commercial Commerciales Per cent of Col. 3 Pour- cent, de la col. 3 37,200 129.615 11,377 11,324 14,981 426,899 1,321 478.407 1,134 6.180 1000 97-2 4-2 1000 Municipal Municipales No. Nomb. Per cent of Col. 3 Pour- cent, de la col. 3 Jl » 36-1 39,584 1,512 3.254 201,210 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Dynamo Equipment. Table 19. — Number and Total Capacity of Stations Grouped According to Dynamo Capacity and by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Stations grouped Groupement des Provinces Total Under 200 K.V.A. MoinTde aX) K.V.A. No. of Stations Nomb. d'usinee Capacity in K.V.A. Capacity en K.V.A. Xo. of Capacity Stations inK.V.A. Nomb. Capacity d'usinea en K.V.A. 1 2 3 4 1 5 m 49 50 24 22 35 150 8 114 60 3 i.ta.ra 58,193 138,225 50,961 . 12.836 18,235 628.109 1.321 492.467 27,195 6,180 284 tl.tO 34 27 16 10 17 66 6 S8 48 2 2,431 2,746 883 916 1,467 5.264 346 4,649 2,717 ISO Dynamo Equipment, s -Number and Total Capacity of DyiAmos Grouped according to size of Ejnanr.o and by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Total Dynamos grouped Groupement des Provinces Under 200 K.V.A. Moins de 200 K.V.A. No. Nomb. Capacity Capacity No. Nomb. Capacity Capacite 1 2 3 4 5 9M 78 91 44 44 66 331 12 228 91 5 1,433,722 58,193 138,225 30,961 12,836 18,235 628,109 1.321 492,467 27.195 6.180 43* 48 4a 25 24 44 98 10 80 72 3 37,43* 3,879 4,467 1.636 2.341 4,311 S,687 821 7.151 3.966 ISO CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b — Dynamos. Tableau 19. — Nombre et capacite totale des usines, groupees par capacite de leurs dynamos et par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). according to Total D>*namo Capacity, usines selon la capacit6 do leurs dynamos. 200 and under 500 K.V.A. Moins de 200 K.V.A. 500 and under 1.000 K.V.A. Entre 200 et 300 K.V.A. 1 . 000 and under 2,000 K.V.A. Entre 500 et 1,000 K.V.A. 2,000 and under 5,000 K.V.A. Entre 2,000 et 5,000 K.V.A. 5,000 K.V.A. and over 500 kTv.A. etplus No. of Stations Nomb. d'usines Capacity in K.V.A. Capacity en K.V.A. No. of Stations — Nomb. d'usines Capacity in K.V.A. Capacite en K.V.A. No. of Stations N^i^b. d'usines Capacity in K.V.A. Capacity en K.V.A. No. of Stations Nomb. d'usines Capacity in K.V.A. Capacity en K.V.A. No. of Stations Nomb. d'usines Capacity in K.V.A. Capacitfe en K.V.A. 6 7' 8 9 10 U 12 13 14 15 7 IM,2»5 2,029 2,553 1,228 1,675 3,613 6,640 300 5,157 1,100 47 2 4 2 3 4 19 32,063 1.380 2,461 1,350 1,875 2,630 13,273 fi7.^ 2« 36,675 41 2 3 1S8,077 6,079 7,815 37 4 5 2 1,190,9U 46,224 7 4 5,700 116,950 47,600 1 1 9 1,210 1,825 12,516 2 7,160 2,500 70,156 11 23 1 12 6,200 520,260 17 4 9 6,092 3 2,326 9 2 13,062 2.362 11 30.612 3,755 10 432.895 2 14,935 1 6.000 i — Dynamos. -Leur nombre et leur capacite totale. par groupes apparies et par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). according to K.V..\. Capacity, dj-namos. selon leur capacity en K.V.A. 200 and under 500 K.V.A. 500 and under 1.000 K.V.A. 1.000 and under 2.000 K.V.A. 2,000 and under 5,000 K.V.A. 5,000 K.V.A. and over Entre 200 et 500 K.V.A. Entre 500 et 1,000 K.V.A. Entre 1.000 et 2,000 K.V.A. Entre 2.000 et 5,000 K.V.A. 5,000 K.V.A. et plus. No. Nomb. Capacity. Capacity No. Nomb. Capacity. Capacity No. Nomb. Capacity. Capacity No. Nomb. Capacity Capacity No. Nomb. Capacity Capacity 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 158 12 11 48,93» 4,015 3,743 1,825 3,335 4.69B 19,078 500 9.634 2,210 117 3 10 10«,7S8 2,250 7,940 78 3 8 117,769 4,375 11,123 64 10 10 1 2 15 205,825 32,112 8,000 28,750 2,225 6,200 46,445 93 14 3 917,553 11,562 102,950 18,750 12 6 3 76 3.435 1,875 55.512 1 1 37 1,500 1,250 56,297 61 44 442,090 32 43 6 31.892 3,894 24 4 36,347 6,875 19 3 2 65,243 10,250 6,000 30 342,200 16 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 Primary Power and Dynamo Equipment Materiel fournissant I'energie primaire et dynamos. Table 21. — Comparative Summary by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 21. — Etat comparatif par provinces. lUsines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Primary Power Materiel foumiaaant I'energie primaire. K.V.A. Capacity o( Dynamos Capaeiti des dynamos en K . V.\ Provinces Total H.P. Total Ch.-vap. Steam Engines Steam turbines Machines & vapeur ou tur- bines & vapeur Gas or Oil Engines Moteurs il gaz ouit p*trole Water-Wheels turbines Roues hvdrau- liques ou turbines Total Total Direct Current Courant direct Alter- nating Current No. No. . H.P. Ch.-vap. No No. HP. Ch.-vap. -No No. HP. Ch.-vap. Courant altematU 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 . Tanadi .Mberta-Alberta Br. Columbia— Colombie Britaiuiique Manitoba — Manitoba. New Brunswick-^ Nou- veau-Brunswick Nova Scotia— Xouvelle- Ecosse, . . 1.811.114 75.913 217,184 75. 142 18.563 19.565 780.213 1.353 611.744 31.215 10.220 255 57 20 17 23 42 42 2 21 29 2 i4».tn 41.975 4.326 2.690 10,510 15.811 33,625 425 9.740 26.315 220 lU 13 12 5 2 16 4 8 63 U,28C , 1.340 1,815 662 - 1,075 140 2,367 701 286 4,900 nt 14 54 16 15 15 284 6 214 l.CSZ.Ul 32.600 211.043 71.790 6,978 3,614 744,221 227 601,718 i,4».7a 58.193 138.225 50.961 12.836 18.235 628.109 1.321 492.467 27.195 6.180 U.4M 1.706 635 352 846 683 4.414 60 2.212 1.356 30 I,«l.n8 56.487 137,590 50,609 11.990 17.552 623.695 Prince Edward Island- lie du Prince-Edouard. . . Quebec— Quebec. .;.... Saskatchewan— Saskat- 1.361 490.255 25.639 2l 10.000 K I.W 1 ■ - Capital Invested — Absorption de capital. Table 22. — Total for Commercial and Municipal Stations. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 22. — Capitaux engages dans les usines commerciales et municipales. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier, 1919.) Total Total Commercial Commerciales Municipal Municipales 1 2 3 4 t «1,*42,4« 356,547,217 45.395.185 $ 288 Ul.Ms'x 111 7M 717 Real estate, construction of dams, flumes penstocks, hydraulic works, power stations and equipment, transmi.ssion and distribution equipment— Im- meubles. construction de digues, biefs, canaux de derivation, ouvrages de captation, usines et machinerie. r^seaul de transmission et de distribution Ciish and current assets including supplies and all other items — Fonds de rou- lement, mali^res en stock et tous autres items 250.591.215 37,560,390 lOo. 956.002 7.834, 795 CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b Capital Invested — Absorption de capital. Table 23. — Total and Average per Horse-Power of Primary Power Machines and Per K.V.A Capacity of Dynamos All Stations by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 23. — Capital d'exploitation par cheval-vapeur de force motrice primaire et par K.V.A. de la capacite des dynamos dans toutes les usines et par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Total Not including Auxiliary Plant Equipment Including Auxiliary Plant Equipment Sans comprendre la machinerie des usines Y compris la machinerie des usines auxiliaires auxiUaires Total Capital Total Capital Total Capital Total Capital 1 Total Capital Provinces Invested Primary Invested Dynamo Invested Primary Invested DjTiamo Invested — Horse- per K.V.A. per Horse- per K.V.A. per Total des Power HP. K.V.A. Power HP. K.VA. capitaus — — — — — — — engagfe Ch.-vap. Capital Capacity Capital Ch. vap. Capital Capacity Capital de la ma d'exploi- totale des d'exploi- de la ma- d'exploi- totale des d'exploi- chinerie tation dj-namos tation chinerie tation dynamos tation d'&iergie par en par d'^nergie par par primaire 3 ch.-vap. K.V.A. K.V.A. primal r« ch.-vap. K.V.A. K.V.A. 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S i $ ; ; Canada 4«,»U,M2 1.841,114 ns 1,432, T» ts» 1,»38,C42 2*5 1,5»,53} ta Alberta— Alberta 12.777,082 75,915 168 58,193 220 78,320 163 60,413 211 British Columbia— Co- lombie Britannique. . . 39,446,930 217,184 182 138,225 285 243,964 162 139,140 24S Manitoba — Manitoba.. . - 13,020,866 75,142 200 50,961 ■293 94,542 159 64,711 232 New Bnmswick — Nou- veau-Bninswick 3.564,342 18,563 192 12,836 278 19,063 187 12.S36 278 Nova Scotia — Nouvelle- Ecosse ... 3,977,311 19,565 203 18,235 218 20.315 196 18.691 213 Ontario — Ontario 178.788,085 780,213 229 628,109 285 819,743 218 661,020 270 Prince Edward Island — lie du Prince-Edouard 403,761 1,353 298 1,321 306 1,353 298 1,321 306 Quebe<^Qu«bec 138,374,304 611,744 226 492.467 281 639,907 216 514,296 269 Saskatchewan — Saskat- chewan 6,083,198 31,213 193 27,195 224 31,213 193 27,195 224 Yukon — Yukon 3,306.303 10,220 343 6,180 567 10,220 343 6,180 567 18 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Capital Invested — Absorption de capital. Table 24. — Total and average per Horse-Power of Primary Power Machines and per K.V.A Capacity of Dynamos, by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 24. — Capital d'exploitation par cheval-vapcur de force motrice primaire et par K.V.A. de la capacite des dynamos, dans les usines hydro-electriques, par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Total capital Invested Total capitaux absorb6s Water Wheels and Turbinee Water wheels and Turbines not including; A miliary includin]; .\uxiliar3* Plant Equipment Plant Equipment Roues hydrauUquee et tur- Roues hydrauliquee et tur- binee k rexcluaion de oelles bines y compria celles des usines auxiliaires | des usines auxiliaires Total Capital Total Capital Horse- Invested per Horse- Invested per Power Horse-Power Power Horee-Power Total chev.-vap. Capital _ d' exploitation par chev.-vap. Totel chev.-vap. Capital d' exploitation Caiuda Alberta— Alberta British Columbia — Colombie Britannique Manitoba — Manitoba New Brun3wick — Nouveau- Brunswick Nova Scotia— Nouvelle-Ecosse Ontario — Ontario Prince Edward Island— lie du Prince-Edouard Quebec— Qu6bec. Saskatchewan — Saskatchewan Yukon— Yukon 361,»*,M1 1,(82.191 6.990.972 32,600 .38,450,131 211,04; 14,340.458 71,79( 1,303,727 6,97( 797,122 3,614 166.112.988 744,22) 67.230 221 132,945.635 601,718 33.005 237,823 91,190 7,478 4,034 783. 7S1 227 629,881 Revenue from Sale of Power — Recettes provenant de la vente d'electricite. Table 25. — Total for Commercial and Municipal Stations according to use of power. (Central Electric Stations. January 1, 1919;. Tableau 25. — Recettes encaissees par les usines commerciales et par les usines municipales, selon les usages du fluide. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Municipal Muoicipales Revenue from sale of power — Recettes de la vente d'6Iectricit^ — Total For lighting purposes — Pour I'^lairage For all other purposes — Pour tous autres usages. CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b Revenue from Sale of Power — Recettes provenant de la vente d'electricite. Table 26. — For Stations Grouped according to Dynamo Capacity. (.Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 26. — Par groupes d'usines, selon la capacite de leurs dynamos. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Total Stations Grouped According to Dynamo Capacity Groupement des usines, selon la capacit6 de leurs dynamos Stations ha^Tng no Generating Equipment Usines dfipourvues de djTiamos Revenue from the Sale of Power Recettes provenant de la vente d'61ectricit6 Under 200 K.VA. Moins de200 K.V.A. 200 K.V.A. and under 500 K.V.A. Entre 200 et500 K.V.A. 500 K.V.A. and under 1,000 K.V.A. Entre 500 et 1,000 K.V.A. 1.000 K.V.A. and under 2,000 K.V.A. Entre 1,000 et 2,000 K.V.A. 2,000 K.V.A. and under 5,000 K.VjV. Entre 2,000 et 5,000 K.V.A. 5,000 K.V.A. and over 5,000 K.V.A. etplus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total For lighting purposes — Pour r^ciairage For all other purposes— Pour tous 53,349,133 16,952,512 36,596,621 t 1,278,79$ 1,115,922 162,877 t 1,»82,242 858,827 223,415 i 1,500,738 1,047,558 453,180 $ 3,392,965 714,060 2,673,905 i 3,9«7,819 1,819,025 2.148,794 i 30,978,872 5,351,398 25,627.474 S 11.347.69S 6.045,723 5.301.976 Capital Invested and Revenue from Sale of Power — Capitaux engages et recettes encaissees. Table 27. — For Generating and Non-Generating Stations by Provinces. (.Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 27 — Dans les usines productrices d'electricite et les usines non generatrices, par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). K Capital Invested Capitaux engages Revenue Recettes Pro\-inces Total Stations with Generating Equipment Usines de dynamos Stations with no Generating Equipment Usines d6pour\-ues de d>-namo3 Total Stations with Generatmg Equipment Usines de dynamos Stations with no Generating Equipment d^pour\-ues de dynamos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 401,912,402 12,777,082 39,446,950 15,020,866 3,564,542 3,977,311 178,788,085 403,761 138,374,304 6,083,198 3,506,303 S 364, 653, 246 11,953,276 32.817,958 14,546,230 3,536,442 3,724,957 152,323,959 403,381 136,042,425 6,041,452 3,263,166 $ 37,2S9,U6 823,806 6,628,992 474,636 28,100 252,354 26,464,126 380 2,331,879 41,746 243,137 S 63,S49.m 2,294.361 4,553.310 2,236,595 842,186 1,227,972 25,376,520 70,392 15,337,376 1,489,893 120,528 i 42,201,43$ 1,737.676 2,451,827 2,182,000 832,276 1,158,119 17.746,002 70,312 14,466,582 1,481,584 75,057 S U, 347, 698 British Columbia — Colombie Britannique.. 2,101,483 New Brunswick — Nouveau-Brunswick Nova Scotia — NouveUe-Ecosse Ontario— Ontario Prince Edward Island — lie du Prince- 9,910 69,853 7,630,518 80 870,794 45 471 20 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Capital Invested, Employees, Salaries and Wages — Capitaux engages, personnel, traitements appointements et salaires. Table 28.— Total by Provinces. iCentral Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 28. — Totaux, par provinces. (Usines 61ectriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). C'upiUtl Invostecl in Capitaux repr6sent^ pur Land Buildings and Plant Terrains, b&timents, installa- tions Operating .\ccounts and Bills Keceivable Fonds de roulement et comptcs courants Salaried lOmployeef Kinployfe* Trai le- nient* et appointe- ments Wage Earners Main-d'oeuvrc Wages Salaires Canada Alberta — .\lberta British Columbia — Colombie Britan- nique Manitoba — Manitoba New Brunswick — Nouveau-Brunswick . . Nova Scotia — Nouvelle-Ecosse Ontario — Ontario Prince Edward Island — He du Prince- Edouard Quebec — Quebec .Saskatchewan — Saskatchewan •. . . Yukon — Yukon .082 39.466.950 15.020,866 3,564,542 3.977,311 178,788,085 12,416,024 37,441,624 14,594.824 3,275,292 3,637,191 157,712,233 366.828 118.015.571 5.804.331 3.283,293 361.058 2.005.326 426.042 289.250 340.120 21.075.852 36,933 20,358,733 278,867 2,33,004 173.644 376.027 251.813 73. 124 82.185 2.089.420 8.310 1.030.522 193.519 22,344 375,430 480,831 255,424 118. 4«2 153,520 2.551,820 •11.328 1.892,284 182,803 31,432 Employees, Salaries and Wages — Personnel, traitements, appointements et salaires Table 29. — For Commercial and Municipal Stations. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 29. — Dans les usines commerciales et municipales. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919.) Employees, .Salaries and Wages — Personnel, appointements et salaires Total Commercial Commer- ciales Municipal Municipales 1 2 3 4 9,696 t 10,534,242 3.971 % 4.300.908 5.725 t 6.053,334 5,690 S 6,137,525 1,907 t 2.129.702 3.783 } 4.007,823 Salaries and wages— Traitements. appointements et salaires Salaried employees — including officers, superintendents, managers, clerks, stenographers and other office employees, also expert operators — Fonction- naires et employes, comprenant: administrateurs, directeurs, g^rants, commie, st^nographes et autres employes de burejiux. y compris les sp^ tialistes de I'exploitation— Number-Nombre Salaries — Traitements et appointements — Wage eurners—Ouvriers et journaliers — Number— -Nombre Wages— Salaires S 4,216,717 2.064 t 2.171,206 1,942 S 2,015,511 CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b Employees, Salaries and Wages — Personnel, traitements, appointements et salaires. Table 30. — Total for Commercial and Municipal Stations by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Tableau 30. — Dans les usines commerciales et municipales, par provinces. tUsines centrales electriques, ler Janvier 1919). Provinces Total Commercial Commerciales Municipal Municipales No. Nomb. Salaries and Wages Traite- ments, appointe- ments" et salaires No. Nomb. Salaries and Wages Traite- ments. apointe- ments et salaires No. Nomb. Salaries and Wages Traite- ments, appointe- ments et salaires 1 3 4 5 6 7 S.CN 417 634 438 178 275 4.431 28 2.943 327 25 J 549,074 856.858 507,237 191,586 235,705 4.641.240 19.638 2.922.806 376,322 53,776 S,(M 173 502 98 151 214 1,685 28 2,783 31 25 $ «, 137, 52a 211.576 700.152 109.443 165.198 188.278 1.888.762 19,638 2,772.547 28.055 53.776 4.H( 244 132 340 27 61 2.746 160 296 i 4,216,717 Alberta— Alberta 337,498 156,706 397,794 26,388 Nova Scotia— Nouvelle-Ecosse Ontario— Ontario Prince Edward Island— He du Prince-Edouard 47,427 2.752.478 150,159 Eiiiployees, Salaries and Wages — Personnel, traitements, appointements et sajaires. Table 31. — Average per Primary Horse Power and per K.V.A. Dynamo Capacity by Provinces. (Central Electric Stations, January 1. 1919). Tableau 31. — Moyenne par cheval-vapeur de force motrice primaire et par K.V.A. des dynamos, par provinces. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919.) Salaried Employees and Salaries and W ages Total Total W ages Earners — Primary D\-namo — Traitements, appointements et Horse Capacity Employes et ou\Tiers salaires Power Installed Installed in K.V.A. Per Per Per Per I.OOO 1.000 Installed Installed Provinces Ch.-vap. Capacity Total HP K.V.A. HP. K.V.A. du mate- totalfe. en Number Installed Installed riel four- K.V.A. — — — Total — — nissant des Nombre Par Par Par Par la force dynamos total 1,000 1,000 ch.-yap. K.V.A. motrice instances ch.-vap. K.V.A. install^ mstallfe prmiaire install 6s install^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 % S cts. S cts. Canada 1.811.114 1.433.722 9,696 5 2 6-7 16.354,242 5 62 723 Alberta— Alberta 75.915 58.193 417 5-5 7-2 549,074 7-23 9-44 British Columbia— Colombie Bri- nique.. 217.184 138,225 634 2-9 4-6 856,858 3-93 6-20 Manitoba— Manitoba 75.142 50,961 438 5-8 8-6 507,237 6-75 9-95 New Brunswick— Nouveau-Bruns- 18.563 12,836 17S 9-6 13-9 191,586 10-32 14-92 Nova Scotia— Nouvelle-Ecosse 19,565 18,235 141 151 235,705 1204 12-92 Prince Edward Island— He du 1.353 1,321 28 20-7 21-2 19,638 14-51 14-86 Quebec— Quebec. 611.744 492,467 2.943 4-8 6-0 2,922,806 4-78 5-93 Saskatchewan— Saskatchewan 31.215 27. 195 327 10-5 120 376.322 12-05 13-84 10.220 6,180 25 2-4 4-0 53.776 5-26 8-70 22 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Wage Earners — Table 32 — Number for all Stations Grouped by Weekly Wages paid December 15, 1918. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Wage Classes Classes de salaires Under $3— Au-dessous de $3 13 but under ti — $3 mais moins de $4. $4 but under Jo— $4 mais moins de $5 ti but under $6— iS mais moins de $6 $6 but under $7— $6 mais moins de $7 J7 but under $8— J7 mais moins de $8 S$ but under $9 — $S mais moins de $9 $9 but under JIO— $9 mais moins de $10 $10 but under $12—110 mais moins de $12 — $12 but under $15 — $12 mais moins de$15 — $15 but under $20— $15 mais moins de $20... . $20 but under $25— $30 mais moins do $25 ... . $25 and ove:^$25 ct plus Totals— ToUiu. . 16ans et plus Male Hom- 1,332 1,678 1.548 Female Fem- Under 16 years Male and Female Male Horn- Male and Female Classes de salaires Under $3— Au-dessous de $3 $3 but under $4— $3 mais moins de $4 $4 but under $5— $4 mais moins de $5 85 but under $9— $5 mais moins de $6 $6 but under $7— $6 mais moins de $7 $7 but under $8— $7 mais moins de $8 $8 but under $9— $S mais moins de $9 $9 but under $10— $9 mais moins de $10. . .. $10 but under $12— $10 mais moins de $12. . $12 but under $15 — $12 mais moins de $15. . $15 but under $20— $15 mais moins de $20.. $20 but under $25— $20 mais moins de $25. . $25 and over — $25 et plus ToUls— Totani. P. E. Island lie du Prince-Edouard Male Horn- Male and Female Male and Female CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b — Main-d'oeuvre. Tableau 32. — Ouvriers de toutes usines, groupes selon leur salaire hebdomadaire au 15 decembre 1918. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919) — fin. British Columbia Col. Britannique Manitoba New Brunswick Nouveau- Brunswick Nova Scotia Nouvelle-Ecosse 16 years of age and over 16 ans et plus Under 16 years Au- dessous de 16 ans Total 16 years ot age and over 16anset plus Under 16 years Au- dessous de 16 ans Total 16 years of age and over 16anset plus Under 16 years Au- dessous de 16 ans Total 16 years of age and over 16anset plus Under 16 years Au- dessous de leans Total Male Hom- Fe- male Fern- Male and Female Garfons et filles Male Hom- mes Female Fern- mea Male and Female Garcons et filles Male Hom- Female Fem- mes Male and Female Garcons et filles Male Hom- mea Female Fem- mea Male and Female Garcons et fillea 1 1 6 8 75 ■ 256 349 : : I 1 6 8 75 256 349 1 2 1 1 1 56 83 65 212 1 2 2 7 ] i 3 4 1 1 1 56 83 65 219 2 1 5 42 45 19 114 : : 1 5 42 45 19 114 1 3 4 9 16 24 88 37 184 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 10 16 26 88 37 188 Quebec — Saskatchewan Quebec Under Under 16 16 16 16 years of age years 16 years of age years 16 years of age years and over — and over — — — Au- — Au- Au- 16anset dessous 16anset dessous 16 ans et plus de 16 ans Total plus de 16 ans Total Plus de 16 ans Total Male Mala Male and and Male Female female Male Female female Male Female female Hommes Femmes Garcons et filles Hommes Femmes Garcons et fiUes Hom- mes Fern- Gargons et fillea 6 6 38 - 3 41 1 - - 1 1 _ _ 4 - 5 9 - - - _ 3 - 4 7 2 - - 2 _ _ _ _ 5 _ - 5 9 - - 9 _ _ _ 17 - - 17 1 - - 1 6 _ _ 6 8 - - e 1 - _ 1 _ _ 16 _ _ 16 3 _ _ a _ _ 137 - - 137 6 _ _ 6 _ _ _ 349 _ - 349 14 _ _ U _ _ 640 - - 640 22 - - 22 _ _ _ 374 _ - 374 55 _ _ 55 _ _ 156 - - 156 68 - - 6S 1 - - I 1,753 - 12 1,765 182 - - 183 8 - - 8 24 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Fuel Consumption. — Table 33. — In Generating Stations. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919). Bituminous Coal Slack Houill^bitumineuso Bituminous Coal lump Houillo bitumincus morceaux c Bituminous Coal run of mine HouiUe bitumineuJM tout venant Provinces Canadian .Canadienne Foreign Etrangire Canadian Canadienne Foreign Etrang^e Canadian Canadienne Foreign Elrangire Quan- tity ton tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton • Quan- tity tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton Q^. tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton Quan- tity tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton tonnee Value Valeur Canada U1.M3 34,664 7.847 248 4.423 34,689 i 447,594 103,355 31,663 1,090 25,337 109,458 61,05« 445, »2 29,888 2,215 2,544 9 15,812 9,235 $ 186,374 8,532 18,149 110 108.312 50,407 9.79J $ 78.442 si.tn 5,7M 3,100 4,267 8,824 33,'5S9 S S91,3tl 32,987 18,208 27,431 57,859 202,823 28,77S t Manitoba 9,345 167 96,446 845 400 3,800 9,017 62 85.661 741 47,044 306,053 9,314 73.445 15,097 101,726 600 320 5,808 7,143 3,357 41,493 Quebec 150 28,946 496 1,500 170,977 4,214 4,494 42,348 4,599 40,438 73 864 78 1,197 Gasoline Gazoline Oil Fuel P6lrole Wood Bois Provinces Canadian Canadienne Foreign Etrang^re Canadian Canadien Foreign Etranger Canadian Canadien Foreign Etranger Quan- tity gal. Quan- titt gal. Value Valeur Quan- tity gal. Quan- tity gal. Value Valeur Quan- tity gal. Quan- tity gal. Value Valeur Quan- tity ton Quan- tity gal. Value Valeur Quan- tity cord. cord. Value Valeur Quan- tity cord. cord. Value Valeur Canada 16,519 1,800 606 5,021 $ 5,758 720 90 1,860 819 319 385. 7C8 2,500 115,383 26,836 70,000 2,830 1,7.55 S 99,237 950 14,351 7.396 11.450 3% 333 153.311 9 29,813 11,999 16 1,910 2.874 2,300 244 2,409 $ 55,999 40 6,192 20,113 8,600 2,683 11,476 $ 91,270 9,651 823 328 110 45 Quebec 2,400 5,869 1,010 1,750 500 200 175 90 7.475 158.989 2.371 31.990 261 355 631 1,130 1,375 4,400 62,044 11.162 CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b Consommation de combustible. Tableau 33. — Dans les usines productrices d'electricite. (Usines electriques centrales, ler janvief 1919.) Anthracite Coal Anthracite Lignite Coal Lignite Coke Coke Canadian Canadien Foreign Etranger Canadian Canadien Foreign Etranger Canadian Canadien Foreign Etranger tity ton Quan- tity tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton titfe tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton Q^In- tite tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton titfe tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton Quan- tity tonnes Value Valeur Quan- tity ton Quan- tity tonnes Value Valeur »!• 1,8» 1,820 «,38« 40 $ m,425 530 100,993 t ' 457,1*3 172,528 i 1*1 32 S 1,H1 272 % 910 165 1,469 150 1,230 1,151 5,910 2,271 2,018 16,158 1,950 13,168 18,163 39,619 28,819 14,638 57,502 60 720 61.076 227,163 9 99 j Gas. Other Fuel Autre combustible Total Grand total Canadian Canadien Foreign Etranger . Canadian Canadien Foreign Etranger Canadian Canadien Foreign Etranger Quantity 1,000 cu. ft. Quantity 1,000 pd. cu. Value Valeur Quantity 1,000 cu. (t. Quantity 1,000 pd. cu. Value Valeur Value Valeur Value Valeur Value Valeur . Value Valuer Value Valeur t 771 837 i 51,778 24,269 i t «t,U7 2,675 3,820 $ « $ 1,7J«,4T8 348,148 91,473 115,502 228,693 366.800 62.239 7.143 9,368 488,492 8,614 % 8M,»0 530 9,651 187,925 17,744 1,950 i 348.678 101,124 303,427 246,437 368,750 6.583,577 68,540 17,135 313 40,728 119,720 9,374 22 122,580 41,268 131.948 12,781 17b— 4 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 General Summary of Statistics — Table 34. — Total by Provinces and by Class of Station. (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919j. Capital Invested Cspitau eogagfa Miscellaneous supplies. Cash Power Trading and Number Development operating of Statioos Transmission accounts Provinces _ and and BiUs Xombre Distribution receivable d'usiaes Total Production de la force molrice, transmission et distribution .\pprovision- nements divers, fonds de roulement, cuiseeet comptes courants 1 2 3 4 5 $ $ ( ;)i tn.m.ui j«(,:i7,n7 .4S,»J,18S 361,058 2.005,326 426,042 53 12,777,082 39,446,930 15,020,868 12,418,024 37,441,624 14,594,824 60 29 25 3,564,542 3,977,311 3.275,292 3 637,191 289,250 340,120 39 366 178,788,085 21.075,852 9 403 761 366 828 36.933 149 138,374,304 118,015,751 20,358.733 61 6,083,198 5,8»i,33l 278,867 4 3,506,303 3,283,299 223,004 Class of Station- Total Commercial— Total, commerciales Total Slunlclpal— Total, muolclpales Commercial Hydro — Commerciales. hydrauliquee Municipal Hydro — Municipales. hydraidiques Commercial Fuel — Commerciales h combustible Municipal Fuel — Municipales, k combustible Commercial Xon-generating— Commerciales. non productrices. Municipal Non-generating — Municipales, non productrices 220,390.739 68,074,474 21,657,793 12.799.582 8.542.683 25,081,946 34,092,115 4,121,188 2.770,863 746.492 697,412 2.967,115 CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATILNS 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b Resume general des statistiques. Tableau 34. — Total par provinces et par categories d'usines. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919). Operating Expenses Dfepenses d'exploitation Revenue from Sale of Power Recettes de vente d'^lectricit6 Salaried employees and wage earners Average number of persons em- ployed during the Year Nombre moyen des personnes, employees durant Tannic Total Salaries and Wages Total des traitements, appointements et salaires Fuel Combustible All other Sundry For Lighting Purposes Pour r^clairage For All other Purposes 1,450,421 2,627,496 934,024 660,035 1,022,762 15,180,287 56,957 7,140,456 1,106,779 86,647 549,074 856,858 507,237 191.585 235,705 4,641,240 19,638 2,922 * 376,322 53,776 3.636.132 348,778 101,124 303,427 246,437 368,750 «6,698 25,306 137,238 529,760 8,614 i;,285,49« 552,569 1,669,514 123,360 222,012 418,307 9,982,349 12,013 4.080,412 33.349,133 2,294,361 4,553.310 2,236,595 842,186 1,227,972 25,376,520 70.392 15.337,376 1,489 120,528 1,196,623 2,028,348 1,321,219 576,847 872.159 6,152,070 64,362 3,663,738 1,021,722 55,424 36,9»6,631 1,097,738 2,524,962 915,376 265,339 355,813 19,224,450 6,030 11,673,638 468,171 65,104 — Categories d'usines. 16,851.623 5,690 6.137,525 1,505,732 9,208,366 33,190.882 8,638,648 24,552,234 13,414,241 4,*06 4,216,717 1,120,400 8.077,124 20,358.251 8,313,864 12,044.387 21,168,842 10,303,522 4.033 4,444,046 328,512 5,530,964 25,450,907 4,282,065 5,153,332 1,671 1,888,672 48,263 3,216,397 8,457,513 1,483,461 6,974,052 4,538,872 1,261 1,228,015 1,173,468 2,137,389 4,783,547 2,699,686 2,083.861 2,644,930 780 909,755 1.054,280 680,895 3.509,468 2.441,578 1,067,890 2.009.229 396 465,404 3,752 1.540,013 2,956,428 1,656,897 1,299,531 5,615,979 1,555 1,418,290 17,857 4.179,832 8,391,270 4,388,825 4,002,445 17b— 4i 28 CENSUS OF INDUSTRY 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 General Summary of Statistics Table 34. — Total by Provinces and by Class of Station (Central Electric Stations, January 1, 1919J — Concluded. Nom- bre d'uni- Steam Engines and Steam Turbines Machines & vapeur et turbines & vapeur Capacity Reciprocating Engines Machines & vapeur Xom- bre d'uni- Capacit^ en ch.-vap. Turbinen & viq[>eur Xom- bre d'uni CaiMcity H*P Capacity en ch.-vap. 19 Cantda Alberta— Alberta British Columbia — Colombie Britannique Manitoba — Manitoba New Brunswick — Nouveau-Brunswick Nova Scotia — Nouvelle-Ecosse Ontario— Ontario Prince Edward Island— lie du Prince-Edouard.. Quebec— Quebec '. .Saskatchewan — Saskatchewan — , Yukon — Yukon 2.690 10,510 15.811 29.700 3.955 6.020 25.170 Class of Station- Tot&l Com mercUl— Total, commercUles.. Tot«l Municipal— Total, municipal's . . . Commercial Hydro — Commerciales. hydrauliques Municipal Hydro— Municipales, hydrauliques .•. Commercial Fuel — Commerciales b, combustible Municipal Fuel — Municipales ^ combustible Commercial Non-generating — Commerciales, nwi productrices. Municipal Non-generating — Municipales. non productrices 141 8I.74t a.sn m 17 a.ta 17 141 114 83.740 61,897 121 97 32.0-25 1'2,759 20 17 " " " " " CENTRAL ELECTRIC STATIONS 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17b — Resume general des statistiques. Tableau 34. — Total par provinces et par categories d'usines. (Usines electriques centrales, ler Janvier 1919) — fin. -Auxiliary Plant Equipment Water Wheels Dynamos — Gas or Oil and Machinerie des usines auxiliaires Turbines — Prim!U"y Moteurs 4 gaz Roues DC. A.C. Power ou ^ p6trole hydrauliques Total — — . — Dynamos et turbines Courant direct Courant altematif Energie primaire No. Capacity No. Capacity No. Capacity No. Capacity No. Capacity No. Capacity No. Ccapcity of in of in of in of in of in of in of in a'nits H.P. Units H.P. Units K.V.A. Units K.V.A. Umts K.V.A. Units HP. Units K.V.A. N om- Capacit6 Nom- Capacit6 Nom- Capacity Nom- Capacity Nom- Capacity Nom- Capacity Nom- Capacity bre en en bre en bre en bre en bre en bre en dirni- d'uni- H'lrai- K.V..\. d'uni- K.V.A. d'uni- K.V.A. d'uni- K.V.A. d'uni- K.V.A. t& tfe tfe t&i tte tfei tis 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Ul 13,28t nt i.m.m MO 1,433,722 141 12.4S4 8M 1.421,228 16 U7.528 54 91, 8U 13 1,340 14 32,600 78 58,193 10 1.706 68 56.487 4 2,405 4 1.950 12 1,815 54 211,043 91 138,225 6 635 85 137.590 14 26.780 14 20.915 11 662 16 71,790 44 50,961 10 352 34 50.609 11 19.400 11 13,750 5 1,075 15 6,978 44 12,836 7 846 37 11.990 2 500 - - 2 140 15 3,614 66 18,235 11 683 55 17.552 5 750 3 456 16 2,367 284 744,221 331 628, 109 44 4.414 287 623.695 21 39.530 14 32,911 4 701 6 227 12 1,321 1 60 11 1,261 - - - - 8 286 214 601,718 228 492.467 21 2.212 207 490,255 19 28,163 8 21.829 63 4,900 - - 91 27,195 29 1.556 62 25,639 - - - - 2 10,000 5 6,180 2 30 3 6.150 " ~ " —Categories d'usines. C« 4.800 466 1,345.656 659 1,118,438 101 9.840 558 1.108,580 56 110.853 39 87.215 6S 8,48e 154 336,535 331 315.284 40 2,645 201 312.630 20 6.675 15 4. 596 _ _ 466 1.345,656 437 1,044,924 29 2,784 408 1.042.140 55 110,523 38 87.040 - _ 154 336,535 147 256.300 6 433 141 255,867 20 6.675 15 4.596 66 4,80C - - 222 73.514 72 7.065 150 66,449 1 330 1 175 68 8,486 - - 184 58.984 34 2.212 150 56.772 : : - : 11 GEORGE V DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAIRE No. 17b A. 1921 CANADA BUREAU FEDERAL DE LA STATISTIQUE RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL, 1918 Usines Electriques Centrales du Canada Prepare en collaboration avec la division des Forces Hydrauliques du Dominion, du ministere de I'lnterieur, at avec le concours de la Commission Hydro-Electrique d'Ontario, la Commission des Eaux Courantes de Quebec, la Commission des Forces Hydrauliques du Nouveau-Brunswick et la Commission des Forces Hydrauliques de la Nouvelle-Ecosse I M PRIME PAR ORDRE DU PARLEMENT OTTAWA THOMAS MULVEY IMPRIMEUR DE SA TRfiS EXCELLENTE MAJESTfi LE ROI 1920 11 GEORGE V DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAIRE No 17b RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL, 1918. USINES fiLECTRIQUES CENTRALES. PRfeFACE. Les donnees statistiques que eoiitient ce rapport sur Tindustrie de la production electrique au Canada ont ete recueillies et compilees eonjointement par le Bureau Federal de la Statistique et la division des Forces Hydrauliques du .Dominion, du ministere de I'Interieur, agissant de concert conformenient aux dispositions de la Loi de la Statistique, et avec le eoncours de la Commission Hydro-Electrique d'Ontario, de la Commission des Eaux Courantes de Quebec, de la Commission des Forces Hydrauliques du Nouveau-Brunswick et de la Commission des Forces Hydrauliques de la Nouvelle-Ecosse. Les informations ont ete colligees par le Bureau Federal do la Statistique, aide en cela par les organisations provinciales plus haut nommees, ct le rapport qui les condense a ete redige, toujours en vertu de la Loi de la Statistique, par M. J. T. Johnston, direetcur-adjoint du service des Forces Hydrauliques, seconde par M. N. E. D. Sheppard, ingenieur du meme service. A tons ceux qui lui ont prete leur eoncours, le Bureau Federal de la Statistique offre ses sinceres remerciements. II n'est question, dans ce rapport, que des industries produisant I'energie electri- que pour la vendre ; celles qui la fabriquent pour les besoins de leur propre consomma- tion en sont exclues. Les resultats qui sont reveles ci-apres sont une preuve manifeste du developpe- ment considerable de I'industrie electrique, I'une des plus importantes de ce pays et demontrent que les forces hydrauliques du Canada ont ete un facteur essentiel de cet accroissement. II a ete procede recemment a un inventaire des forces hydrauliques utilisees au Canada, duquel il ressort que 72-7 pour cent des chutes d'eau captees dans la Puis- sance sont absorbees par les usdnes productrices d'electricite. Des difficultes assez serieuses avaient ete eprouvees en 1917 pour obtenir de cer- taines usines les informations detaillees requises par les formules du recensement, mais ces difficultes ont ete presque entierement eliminees depuis lors, les industriels soumis au recensement ayant mieux compris la raison d'etre et I'utilite de cet inven- taire annuel. Nous croyons que le travail presentement public est aussi complet et aussi exact que la complexite du sujet permet de I'esperer, et qu'il fournira une base sure de comparaison avec les rapports futurs. E. H. COATS, Stafisficien du Dominion. Bureau Federal de la Statistique, Ottawa, 29 mai 1920. 11 GEORGE V DOCUMENT PARLEMENTAIRE No 17b TABLE DES MATIERES Page. Preface ii Introduction et resume v Nature et cadre diu prfisent rapport v R^sumS gfnfral viii Sommaire des principales caract^ristiques viii Repartition tenitoriale. Genre d'Hsiqes ix Relation de I'gquipement des usines a. la population x MatSriel fournissant la force motrice primaire x Apergu sommaire sur ce materiel x Genre de machines fournissant I'^nergrie primaire et leur repartition xi Force motrice hydraulique dans les usines centrales xii Dynamos xiv Statistiques financiSres xvi Capitaux absorbfs par les usines eiectriques centrales xvii Capitaux absorbSs par les usines hydro-4Iectriques et leurs rfoeaux x\ii Recettes provenant de la vente d'61ectricit§ xviii Personnel, traitements, appointements et salaires xix Diagrammes. Diagramme 1. Force motrice primaire selon ses diverses sources ii 2. Division de la force motrice primaire entre les provinces xiii 3. L*eau et le combustible corame forces motrices, par provinces xiii 4. Machines k vapeur et turbines a. vapeur, par groupes apparles xv 5. Roues hydrauliques et turbines, par groupes apparies xvi 6. Capacity des dynamos en kilo-volt-amp^res, par provinces xviii 7. Capitaux absorbfs, par provinces xxi Tableaux. Tableau RfisUMfi 1 — Principaux elements des statistiques, par categories d"usines 2 — Nombre d'usihes, par genres et par categories 3 — Relation entre I'energie primaire et la capacite des dynamos, par provinces.. .. 4 — Machinerie des usines, y compris les usines auxiliaires ou de reserve, par sortes de machines et par provinces Materiel fournissant la force motrice pruhire 5 — Nonibre, genre et force des machines, par provinces 6 — Nombre, genre et force des machines, dans les usines commerciales et dans les usines municipales 7 — Nombre et capacite des machines des usines comjnerciales et des usines munici- pales, par provinces S — Nombre d'usines productriccs d'eiectricite, soit commerciales, soit municipales, par sources d'^nergie 9 — Puissance de production, par usine et par machine, dans les usines commerciales et municipales 10 — Machines Sl vapeur et turbines a vapeur, classees par series, dans les usines com- merciales et municipales 11 — Moteurs k gaz et a. petrole, dans les usines commerciales et municipales 12 — Roues hydrauliques et turbines, classees par series, dans les usines commerciales et municipales iii IV RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 USIXES HTDnO-fiLECTRIQ0ES Tableau Pagd 13 — Rfsumf, pai- provinces 10 1-4 — Capacity actuelle et potenUelle €ut i3e procurer des exem-plaires du Repertoire des Usines Electriques Centrales du Canada, en s'adres.eur, dont 116.925 chevaux-vapeur installes dans les usines auxiliaires; les moteurs a gaz et a petrole y figurent pour 13,889 chevaux- vapeur, dont 13,286 chevaux-vapeur dans les usines principales et 603 chevaux-vapeur dans les auxiliaires. Les dynamos ont une puissance de 1,525,533 kilo-volt-amperes, dont 91,811 kilo-volt-amperes dans les usines auxiliaires. Dans le meme tableau, on pent voir la repartition de ce materiel par chaque province. USINES ELECTRIQUES CENTRALES xi DOC. PARLEMENTAIRE No 17b La figTire 1 (voir le frontisince) nous moutre sous une forme graphique la prepon- derance formidable qu'esercent les forces hydrauliques du Canada dans nos usines electriques, par rapport an combustible, 91-4 pour cent dn materiel fournissantrenergie primaire aux usines principales, etant actionne par I'eau. Le diagramme 2 indique la repartition de ce materiel dans differentes provinces et le diagramme 3 etablit, pour ehacune des provinces, la relation existant entre la source d'energie primaire derives de I'eau et celle produite par le combustible. (Voir page xiii.) Genre de macMn.es fournissant I'encrgie primaire et lew rcpartiiion. — Dans le tableau 5 on tvouve une comparaison entre le nombre d'unites et la capacite totale des differents types de machines fournissant I'energie primaire installees dans les usines principales, avec indication du pourcentage de la capacite totale de cbaque type par rapport a I'ensemble du materiel en fonctionnement. On remarquera que, pour I'ensemble de la Puissance, rinstallatiou hydraulique absorbe 91-4 ipour cent de la capacite combinee de toutes les unites et que dans cinq des dix provinces, les roues hydrauliqucs et turbines representent 9,t pour cent du total de cliacune de ces pro- vinces. D'autre part, la province de la Saskatcbewan tire toute son energie electrique du combustible: 84-3 poiir cent de la vapeur et 15- T pour cent des moteurs a gaz et a petrole. Le minima pourcentage des forces hydrauliqucs utilisees en Nouvelle- Ecosse soit 18-5 pour cent ne doit pas etre considere comnie un indice de la pauvrete de cette province en ressources hydrauliqucs. Lorsque les usines hydro-electriques ac- tuellement en voie de construction dans cette province seront en fonctionnement, la proportion du pouvoir derive de cette source se trouvera considerablement accrue. Ce tableau presente un interet tout special du fait qu'il montre avec une grande clarte la repartition par i^rovinces des differents types de machines fournissant I'energie pri- maire ; il suffit pour cela de jeter un coup d'oeil sur les colonnes des poureentages. Le tableau 6 divise ehaque eapece de nmchines, selon la categorie des usines aux- quelles elles appartiennent, et nous apprend ainsi que deux tiers du materiel fournis- sant I'energie primaire sont installes dans les usines commerciales. Les machines a vapeur se trouvent dans les usines commerciales dans la proportion de 5 pour 1 dans les usines municipales, avec 57-5 pour cent de la capacite de ces unites dans les usines commerciales et 42-5 pour cent dans les usines municipales. Les machine hydrauliqucs installees dans les usines commerciales representent un pourcentage beau- coup plus elevc, c'est-a-dire To -2 pour cent des machines et 80-8 de la force motrice. Sous une forme similaire a celle adoptee dans le tableau 5, le tableau 7 compare le nombre des unites et leur capacite, tant dans les usines commerciales que dans les usines municipales, avec le total pour toutes usines. Sur la capacite totale du materiel installe dans les usines principales, soit 1,841,114 chevaux-vapeur, 77-9 pour cent on 1,434,196 chevaux-vapeur se trouvent dans les usines commerciales et repre- sentent la capacite de 673 unites, sur un total de 1,009. Dans I'ile du Prince-Edouard et le territoire du Yukon, l4 totalite du materiel des usines centrales, entre dans la categorie des usines commerciales. Ces sortes d'usines, dans les autres provinces, pos- sedent les poureentages suivants: Quebec, 96-9 pour cent; Colombie Britannique, 94-0 pour cent; Nouveau-Brunswiek, 87-3 pour cent; !N'ouvelle-Eoosse, 78-6 pour cent; Ontario, 66-2 pour cent, et Alberta, 66 pour cent. Dans la Saskatchewan 95-8 pour cent et an Manitoba 65-6 pour cent appartiennent aux usines municipales. Une interessante analyse du nombre d'lisines productrices d'electricite, par type de machine fournissant I'energie primaire ou par combinaison de differents types de cette machinerie, se trouve dans le tableau 8. Ces chiffres embrassent aussi bien les usines commerciales que les usines municipales. Sur un total de 515 usines pro- ductrices d'electricite, 122 ne contiennent que des machines a vapeur, 11 autres usines contiennent des machines a vapeur et des turbines a vapeur et 5 autres contiennent des machines a vapeur en meme t-emi)s que des moteurs, soit a gaz soit a petrole. Sem- blablement S usines ne contiennent que des turbines ii vapeur, 11 possedent des tur- 1Tb— 5 xii RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 bines a vapeur ct des inaehiiies a vapeur ct uiie autre se sert eur et aux turbines a vapeur, le second aux moteurs a gaz et ii petrole ct le troisieme aux roues hydrauliques et aux turbines. On y trouve le nombre d'uni- tes d'une certaine puissance et leur capacite combinee en chevaux-vapeur. Le tableau 10, qui est une nomenclature des groupes d'unites actionnees par la vai^eur, selon la capacite en chevaux-vapeur de ces unites, delimite clairement le champ de la machine a vapeur et fait ressortir I'adaptaibilite de la turbine a vapeur ii I'industrie electrique. La plus forte machine a vapeur alternative en usage dans cette Industrie, a une force maximum de '2.250 chevaux-vapeur, tandis que 5 turbines a vapeur d'une force de 5,000 a 10,000 chevaux-vapeur sont constamment en usage et que cinq autres sont installees dans les usines auxiliaires. II est remarquable que, sur le total des 218 machines a vapeur, 191 ou 87-6 ,pour cent sont au-dessous de 500 chevaux- vapeur et out ensemble une force do 33,869 chevaux-vapeur, tandis que sur les 37 turbines a vapeur, 21 ou 50-8 pour cent ont une force individuelle de plus de 2,000 chevaux-vaix'ur et une cai)acit(' totale de 78,203 chevaux-vapeur. Les usines commer- USINES ELECTRIQUES CENTRALES xiii DOC. PARLEMENTAIRE No 17b eiales possedent au total 121 macliiues a vapeur d'unc force combinee de 32,025 che- vaux-vapeur et 20 turbines a vai>eur d'une puissance totale de 51,715 chevaux-vapeur ; en d'autres termes 38-2 pour cent de la capacite totale des engins a vapeur des usines eommereiales est representee par les machines a vapeur et 61-8 pour cent par les tur- bines a vapeur. Cette analyse se trouye exprimee sous une forme graphique dans le diagramme 4. Les moteurs a explosion forment le sujet du tableau 11 ; on constate que le nombre de ces unites installees dans les usines eommereiales et dans les usines mu- nieipales est a peu pres le mcme, mais la puissance en chevaux-vapeur des usines municipales est de S,48(i chevaux-vapeur contre 4,800 chevaux-vapeur pour les usines eommereiales, soit 63-9 ,pour cent du total; I'usage de ee genre d'engins par les usines electriques centrales n'est limite a aucune loenlite particuliere, sauf le cas oil la mi- nime capacite de ces unites determine eette limitation. La province de la Saskatche- wan possede C3 moteui-s a gaz et a i>etrole, ou 47 pour cent du total pour la Puissance. Farce motrice hydraulique dans les usines centrales. — Le Canada est exception- nellement riche en forces hydrauliques. Presque chaque grand centre industriel est actuellement desservi par I'energie hydro-eletrique et possede, a une distance de trans- mission aisement accessible, d'amples resei'ves de forces hydrauliques. De nouvelles entreprises hydro-electriques relient rapidement les quelques centres qui en sent encore prives et qui ont des chutes d'eau dans leur voisinage. Le remarquable degre de deve- loppement des usines hydro-electriques au Canada rend tres instructive I'analyse de ce genre d'usiues. Le tableau 12, relate le materiel fournissant I'energie primaire dans les usines hydro-electriques, du type commercial et du type municipal, etablissant une com- paraison a ce sujet entre ces deux genres d'etablissements. Les unites y sont classifiees par series, selon leur capacite. Par exemple, dans les usines eommereiales aussi bien que dans les usines municipales, pres de la moitie du materiel installe est representee par les unites developpaut plus de 10,000 chevaux-vapeur, ou pour preciser 59-5 pour cent dans les usines eommereiales et 55-9 pour cent dans les usines municipales. La totalite de Tinstallation hydraulique, developpant 1,682,191 chevaux-vapeur, est composee de 628 imites, d'une force moyenne de 2,713 chevaux-vapeur. 258 de ces unites sont d'une force egale ou inferieure a 500 chevaux-vapeur et ne fournissent que 43,258 chevaux-vapeur ou 2-6 pour cent de la totalite; 186 unites de 2,000 chevaux- vapeur et plus, contribuent au total pour 1,457,005 chevau-vapeur ou 86-6 pour cent de la totalite; 119 unites de 5,000 dv RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Les usines centrales hydro-electriques possedent des roues hydrauliques et turbines developpant 1,082,191 chevaux-vapeur ou 91-4 pour cent de la totalite du materiel installe dans Ics usines principales et S5-5 pour cent de reuseinblo de Tenergie primaire fournie par la totalite du materiel, y conipris celui des usines auxiliaires et de reserve. Outre les 620 roues hydrauliques et turbines, il y a aussi, conime machinerie auxiliaire ou de reserve, 50 machines a vapeur alternativos produisant 20,595 chevaux- vapeur, 20 turbines a vapeur donnant un total de 96,000 chevaux-vapeur et 5 nioteurs ii gaz ou a petrole fournissant 603 chevaux-vapeur. La capacite totale de la ma- chinerie fournissant I'energie primaire installee dans les centrales hydro-electriques, y compris les machines des usines de reserve, est done de 1,799,389 chevaux-vapeur. Le capital absorbe par ces usines atteint $326,678,516 et les recettcs brutes provenant de la vente du courant se sont elevees a $33,908,420, dont $5,765,526 produits de I'electricitl vendue directement pour I'eclairage, et $28,142,88-1 prix de vente de I'electricite servant a tons autres usages. Entre toiites les provinces, Ontario fournit le capital le plus important aux usines hydro-electriques productrices d'electricite, sa part representant $139,648,862 ou 42-8 pour cent de la totalite pour cc genre d'usiues dans la Puissance; Quebec occfupe le second rang avec $130,082,020 ou 40-0 pour cent de la totalite, ces deux provinces representant ensemble S2-S jwur cent du total. Les deux memes provinces ont encaisse ensemble 86-6 pour cent de la totalite des recettes de ces sortes d'uslnes. Les usines hydro-electriques possedent 584 dynamos, d'lme capacite totale de 1,301,224 kilo-volt- amperes, plus 53 autres developpant 91,636 kilo-volt-amperes, dans les usines auxiliai- res. La moyenne de capacite des d.vnamos ptir elieval-vapeur hydraulique est 0-77 kilo- volt-ampere. Le meme tableau contient des details etendus sur la repartition du ma- teriel fournissant I'energie primaire, par series et par provinces. Les 56 turbines hy- drauliques entre 10,000 et 15,000 chevaux-vapeur developpant ensemble 671,400 chevaux- vapeur et les 18 turbines de 15,000 chevaux-vapeur et plus, avec uue capacite totale de 318,500 chevaux-vapeur, ferment partie des installations les plus importantes des srrandes eompagnies de distribution de la Colombie Britannique, d'Ontario et de Quebec, oubien des grandes usines auxiliaires de ces provinces. Ce que nous venons de dire des usines centrales hydro-electriques serait incomplet si Ton ne parlait pas de I'ultime capacite de ces usines et des installations supple- mentaires actuellement en cours ou projetees dans un avenir rapproche. Cette indi- cation est particulierement necessaire dans ce rapport, en raison du fait que dans un grand nombre de cas, speeialement lorsqu'il s'agit des chutes d'eau les plus volu- mineuses, les barrages, les ouvrages de captation et les usines du pied des chutes font construites de niauiere a permettre la facile installation de machines supple- mentaires, avec un minimum de depenses. En d'autres termcs, le capital depense pour la construction des usines electriques existantes, comprend le coiit des travaux per- manents destines a recevoir des installations futures. On trouvera dans le tableau 14, une nomenclature, par provinces, des roues hydrauliques et turbines, actuellement iustallees, leur force, I'uiltime capacite des usines existantes et I'importance des nouvelles installations projetees. II est a reraarquer que les usines existantes ont ete construites en vue d'une capacite ultime superieure de 43^,852 chevaux-vapeur a celle qu'elles developpeut actuellement et que des installations se totalisant par 135,755 chevaux-vapeur sont projetees et doivent etre realisees a bref delai. Les travaux d'installation d'un certain nombre de ces nouvelles unites sont deja bien avanees. » Dynamos. Dans les statistiques des dynamos des usines electriques centrales, on a etabli une distinction entre celles a courant direct et celles .s courant alternatif; quant au sur- plus clles sont analysee? a pen pres de la meme maniere que le materiel fournissant USINES ELECTRIQUES CENTRALES XV DOC. PARLEMENTAIRE No 17b I'energie pi-imaire. Les dynamos installoes dans les usiiies auxiliaires ne figurent pas dans les statistiques, a moins d'indication eontraire. La capacite totale des dynamos est de l,433,'i'22 kilo-volt-amperes, ce qui donne une moyeune de 0-78 kilo-volt-ampere par eheval-vapeur d'energie primaire. On verra dans le tableau 15, que les 990 dynamos se decomposent en 141 machines. a courant direct ayant une capacite totale de 12,494 kilo-volt-amperes et 849 machines, a courant alternatif ayant une capacite totale de 1,421,228 kilo-volt-amperes, repre- sentant 99-2 pour cent de la capacite totale des deux types. Les pourcentages indi- quent que 78-8 pour cent de la capacite des machines a couraat direct et 78-0 pour cent de la capacite des machines a courant alternatif se trouveut dans les usines com- merciales, tandis que 21-2 pour cent et 22-0 pour cent resipectivement representent I'installation dans les usines municipales. Le tableau 16 donne le nombre des usines coatenant differents types de dynamos. Sur les 515 usines productrices recerisees, 81 ne contiennent que des dynamos il courant direct, 421 ne possedent que des dynamos a courant alternatif et 13 combinnent ces deux types; 78-6 pour cent du nombre des usines commei'ciales et 87-4 pour cent du nombre des usines municipales ne possedcmt que des dynamos a courant alternatif. La capacite moyenne des machines generatrices par usiue et par machine nous est revSlee par le tableau 17, pour ces deux genres de dynamos; on y voit que la ca- pacite moyenne par usine est de 2,784 kilo-volt-amperes, les 332 usines eommereiales, ayant une capacite moyenne de 3,369 kilo-volt-amperes et les 183 usines municipales de 1,723 kilo-volt-amperes. La moyenne de capacite par machine, pour toutes usines, est 1,448 kilo-volt-amperes, soit 1,697 kilo-volt-amperes dans les usines eommereiales et 953 kilo-volt-amperes dans les usines municipales. Ce qui frappe immediatement a la lecture de ces chiffres, c"est la moyenne estra- ordinairement basse de la capacite des machines ii courant direct; ceci est du a I'usage tres restreint que Ton fait dans les usines electriques centrales des dynamos a courant direct. • Le tableau IS, est consacre a Tenumeratlon du nombre et de la capacite en kilo- volt-amperes des dynamos, tant dans les usines eommereiales que dans les usines mu- nicipales, par provinces. L'analyse contenue dans ce tableau ressemble a celle relative aux machines fournissant I'energie primaire, qui fait I'objet du tableau 7. Les pour- centages indiques dans les colonnes 6 et 7, dans chacun de ces tableaux, sont natu- rellement tout a fait similaires dans chaque province. L'etude de la moyenne de capacite des unites installees dans les differentes provinces et dans les differents genres d'usines, n'est pas deuuee d'interet. En effet, les tableaux 17 et 18 nous appre- prennent que dans la province de 1' Alberta, par exemple, il existe 84 machines pro- ductrices d'energie primaire ayant une puissance totale de 75,915 chevaux-vapeur, soit une moyenne de 903-7 chevaux-vapeur par machine, tandis qu'il y a 78 dynamos d'une capacite totale de 58,193 kilo-volt-amperes, donnant une moyenne de 746 kilo-volt- amperes par machine. D'autre part, en Colombie Britannique, la moyenne de capacite des machines produisant I'energie primaire, installees dans les usines electriques cen- trales, est de 2,525 chevaux-vapeur et celle dos dynamos de 1,519 kilo-volt-amperes. La capacite totale des dynamos installees, par provinces, est presentee sous une forme graphique dans le diagramme 6. II ne suffirait pas de considerer la capacite moyenne des dynamos installees, si I'on n'y ajoute pas les informations de nature k eclairer la situation, par exemple la puissance des usines et la force des machines, que I'on pent voir dans les tableaux 19 et 20. II resulte du tableau 19 que, sur le total de 515 usines productrices recensees, 284 possedent des dynamos dont la capacite est inferieure a 200 kilo-volt-amperes, tandis que 37 de ces usines developpent 5,000 kilo-volt-.amperes ou plus et, toutes en- semble, 1,190,964 kilo-volt-amperes ou legerement plus de 83 pour cent de la capacite totale des djniamos dans toutes usines. De plus, le tableau 20 nous enseigne qu'il xvi RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 existe 450 dynamos dont la force est inferieuro a 2W) kilo-volt-amperes et 93 autre)! dont la puissance depasse 5,000 kilo-volt-amperes. La capaeite combinee des ma- chines de c-e dernier sroupo est iUT.nii' kilo-volt-amperes ou <54 pour cent pour la capa- eite totale de toutes dynamos; il est done facile de voir que les ^randes usines pro- ductrices exploitees pour I'alimentation de vastes reseaux de distribution augmentent la capaeite moyenne des dynamos par usines et par machine dans une telle me^ure qu'il est indispensable de recourir a une analyse detaillee ix)ur se former une opinion lucide de I'ensemble de la situation. La dissemination dans les differentes provinces des usines et des machines, classces scion leur capaeite, telle qu'elle se presente dans ces taWeaux, offre une tres interessante etude. En vue de faciliter les comparaisons, un resume du materiel producteur d'energie primaire et des dynamos a cte soumis dans le tableau 21, mettant ainsi en regard la capaeite des dynamos installees et la force en chevau.x-vapeur du materiel fournissant I'energie primaire. Pour rensemblo de la puissance, les statistiques indiquent une moyenne de 77-S kilo-volt-anii>eres de capaeite des dynamos pour chaque 100 chevaux- vapeur de la maehinerie fournissant Tenergie primaire. Pour les provinces d'Ontario et de Quebec cette moyenne est SO-.") kilo-volt-amperes pour 100 ehevau.x-vapeur et pour les autres provinces elle varle dcpuis 00.4 kilo-vnlt-amptTes jusqu'a 9TC kilo- volt-ami>ere3. Statistiques financieres. On a deja indiquc duns rintroduction de cc rapport et dans les commentaires des differentes tables eonsacrees au materiel, les difficultes que presente I'analyse de I'in- dnstrie de I'electrlcite. Cependant il n'est pas hors de propos de jetcr un coup d'oeil sur quelques faeteurs importants au point de vue de I'interpretation des statistiques financieres decoulant de la compilation des formules du recensement. Ces rapports sent limites aux usines electriques centrales et, tout«s les fois que quelque autre Industrie est exploitce de pair avec celle-ci par le menie industriel ou eompagnie, il a ete pris grand soin de laisser de cote ee qui nc se rattache pas a ISn- dnstrie electrique proprement dite. Un assez grand nombre d'industries diverses sont exploitees concurreniment avec les usines centrales electriques; il y en a deux, toutofois, qu'il importe de considerer specialement, savoir : la foiirniture d'electricite aux tramways electriques, et aux pompes d'aqueducs. Ce sont les usines commerciales qui se livrent principalement a I'exploitation des reseaux de tramways et ce sont surtout les usines nnmicipales qui fournissent de lY'lectricite aux pompes des aquedues. Dans I'un et I'autre Cas, les operations de I'usine electrique eentrale sont au moins egales en importance a celles de I'industrie apparentee et, par consequent, different grandement des autres usines ofi la vente de I'energie electrique ne joue qu'un role accessoire. Le plus souvent les tramways et les aquedues sont diriges par de^s organisations separees, filiales des organisations controlantes, ce qui permet d'obtenir aisement des chiffres distincts pour les statistiques. Dans d'autres cas le tramway est exploite comme entreprise distincte, et, a ce titre, est debite par I'usine electrique du prix du courant qui lui est fourni. Dans I'un et I'autre de ces deux cas la totalite de la maehinerie de I'usine est employee a la production de I'electricite. II existe cependant certains cas ou les deux operations ne sont pas separees et ou I'usine generatrice contient des unites speciales travaillant uniquement pour le benefice des tramways. Dans ce cas les statistiques concernant I'usine electrique eentrale ont cte obtenues au moyen d'es- timations faites avec soin. Le probleme resultant de la conibinaison d'operations d'une usine electrique eentrale et d'une station de pompes d'aqueduc n'est pas aussi com- plique que celui presente par d'autres usines composites, puisqu'il est limite aux municipalites, qui possedent des services separes pour chacune de ces activites, le service de I'electricite etant credite du prix du courant fourni au service des eaux. USINES ELECTRIQUES CENTRALES xvii DOC. PARLEMENTAIRE No 17b Ainsi des etats financiers sont possible jjour le service de I'eelairage et de la force motrice. Lorsqu'aucune recette ne derive du eourant fourni pour les fins ci-dessus men- tionnees et pour d'autres besoins munioipaux tels que Teclairage des rues, des pares et des edifices publics, les recettes effectivement encaissees par les usines qui assurent ces services ont ete augmentees d'une somme egale a la valeur du eourant fourni, caleulee aux taux normaux. Oapitmix absorbas par les nsini's electriques centrales. — Lc tableau 22 nous montve que les capitaux places dans cette Industrie s'elevent a $401,942,402, dont $288,151,005 ou 71-7 pour 100 pour les usines commerciales et $11-3,790,797 ou 28 -.3 pour 100 pour les usines munieipales. Ces capitaux representent, a concurrence de $356,547,217, la valeur des terrains, batiments, travaux hydrauliques, usines, sous-stations et postes de distribution, agencement et materiel de transmission et de distribution, et a concur- rence de $45,395,185, les fonds de roulement et les approvisionneraents en stock. Ces chifiPi-es erabrassent toutes les usines, productrices d'electricite ou non. Dans le tableau 23, on voit quelle partie de ces capitaux appartient a chacune des provinces, ainsi que la relation entre la mise de fonds et le cheval-vapeur d'energie primaire d'une part et le kilo-volt-ampere d'autre part. Ces moyennes sont computees sur la capacite des machines installees dans les usines principales seules d'abord, et ensuite pour les installations combinees des usines principales et des usines auxi- liaires. Ainsi qu'on I'a deja dit, il est absolument impossible de differencier dans les statistiques financieres les usines auxiliaires des usines principales, si bien que la base d'analyse la plus logique se trouve necessairement etre le capital place par unite de force motrice, y compris celle produite par les usines auxiliaires. D'autre part la majorite des usines auxiliaires ne representent pas un materiel fonctionnant regu- lierement mais simplement une capacite equivalente, tenue en reserve en cas de besoin. Les chiffres qui ressortent de cette analyse sont interessants en ce qu'ils prouvent le developpement de I'industrie dans les differentes provinces, a la lueur des capitaux qui y sont engages. Pour I'ensemble de la Puissance, la moyenne des capitaux par cheval-vapeur d'energie primaire, a I'exclusion de la machinerie des usines auxi- liaires est $218 ; elle est de $205 par rapport a I'installation combinee des usines principales et des usines auxiliaires. Dans les provinces la moyenne varie de $162 en Colombie Britanniqiie a $343 dans le territoire du Yukon. On constate que les chiffres des provinces d'Ontario et de Quebec concordent presque absolument. Capitaux ahsorhes par les usines hydro-eleciriqucs et lews reseaux. — Le tableau 24 est consacre a I'enumeration des capitaux places dans les usines hydro-electriques et les usines non-productrices, qui achetent leur energie aux usines hydro-electriques. De cette maniere les capitaux places dans de vastes reseaux de distribution exploites par de nombreuses organisations individuelles, mais alimentes par le eourant achete en bloc a quelques usines hydro-electriques, se trouvent compris dans les totaux de ce tableau. Ces totaux ne doivent pas etre eonfondus avec ceux du tableau 13, lequel represente imiquement le capital assurant le fonctionnement des usines tirant de I'eau la force motrice qu'eltes produisent. Les capitaux consacres a ces usines dans toute la Puissance, forment un total de $364,479,916 ou 90.7 pour cent de la totalite des capitaux absorbes par toutes les usines electriques centrales du Canada. La moyen- ne de capital par cheval-vapeur hydraulique est $217; si I'on y ajoute les usines a com- bustible servant de reserve aux usines hydrauliques, alors cette sgmme descend a $203. Dans les provinces, les capitaux places sont en raison directe du developpement de I'industrie. La Colombie Britanniqu(>, qui occupe le troisieme rang au point de vue de I'importance des forces hydrauliques mises au service de la production d'electricite, a le moindre capital par cheval-vapeur hydraulique. Le diagramme 7 donne une de- monstration graphique du capital engage, par provinces, dans les usines hydro-eleetri- xviii RECENSEMENT INDUSTRIEL 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ques et les usiiiea eonsoinmant du combustible, puis dans ces deux sortes d'usines reunies. Recettes provenant de la rente d'electricite. — Avant d'entrer dans les details des reeettes provenant de la vente d'electricite, encaisseas par los iisines centrales elec- triques, il convient de fairc remarquer que le chiffre total comprcnd les sommes pro- venant de la revente de I'energie achetee en bloc par une centrale a une autre cen- trale et que, dans quelques cas, le meme courant procure une recctte a plusieurs autres entreprises distinctes avant d'atteindre finalement le consommateur. Les recettes provenant de la seconde et de la troisieme vente d'electricite sont, dans une large me- sure, mises a part dans les tableaux 26 et 27, dans les colonnes consacrees aux usines depourvues de dynamos; ccpendant cette separation n'est pas absolue puisqu'un certain nombre d'usines productrices achetent I'energie en bloc a d'autros usines, pour sup- plementer leur propre production. On verra, dans le tableau 25, que toutes les usines du Canada ont encaisse uii total de $53,549,133, dont 62 pour cent pour les usines commerciales et 38 pour cent pour les usines municipales. Le questionnaire du rccensement invite les industriels a diviser leurs recettes en deux classes, celles resultant de riJlectricite destinee a I'eclairage et celles produitcs par I'electricite destinee a tous autres usages. Sous ce dernier en-tete figurent les recettes des rentes en bloc faites a d'autres compagnies de distribution, lesquelles, a leur tour, ont indique leurs propres recettes en etablissant la meme division. L'electricite consommee pour I'eclairage a produit $16,952,512 et pour toua autres usages $36,596,621, soit 31-7 pour cent et 68-3 jwur cent respective- ment du prix total de toute l'electricite vendue. Le tableau 26 opere la repartition des reeettes par usines, groupees selon la ca- pacite de leurs dynamos. Nous venons de dire que la totalite des recettes a atteint $53,549,133. Les usines dont les dynamos ont une puissance inferieure a 200 kilo- ^•'^li-amperes ont regu $1,278,799, dont $1,115,923 pour I'eclairage et $162,877 pour tous autres usages. D'autre part le tableau indique que les recettes encaissees par les usines dont les dynamos ont une puissance de 5,000 kilo-volt-amperes et plus se sont elevees a $30,978,872, dont $5,351,398 pour I'eclairage et $25,627,474 pour tous autres usages. Ces chiffres, appliques aux usines productrices d'electricite groupees a chacune des extremit,s du tableau, nous montrent quelle est la clientele pour chaque categorie d'usines; les plus petites usines tivent 87-3 pour cent de leur recettes totales de I'energie vendue pour I'eclairage tandis que, pour les plus grandes usines, 82-7 pour cent de leurs recettes brutes proviennent de leurs rentes d'electricite utilisee com- me force motrice. Les usines generatrices d'importance moyenne presentent un chan- gement graduel dans la principale source de leurs recettes. Les usines non-productrices qui ont absorbe 21-2 pour cent des reeettes totales de toutes les usines du Canada vendent a pen pres autant d'electricite pour I'eclairage que pour la force motrice. Toutefois en etablissant cette comparaison, il faut se souvenir que dans les recettes de I'electricite pour tous usages figurent les rentes a d'autres usines centrales, et qu'une partie de cette energie est revendue par ces dernicrcs usines pour servir a I'eclairage. Pour eclairer le cote economique de la question, le taoleau 27 contient une com- paraison entre les capitaiix places et les recettes brutes, par provinces. Dans ce tableaii les chiffres sont donnes separement. d'abord pour toutes les usines et ensuite pour les usines generatrices et les usines non-productrices. Les usines produisant leur propre energie ont un capital souscrit de $364,653,246 on 00 pour cent du total pour toutes usines et un reivonu brut de $42,201,435 ou 78-8 pouv cent du re|||"i-|j:| •a e ; ; ; ; ; ; N| : : '■■% 3 S oS S '-*^ =^ I BUREAU OF STATISTICS «O>Ma0»«O5 78 125 44 79 8 834 : 130 May 2 1,038 9 182 176 22 277 52 709 16 230 112 55 _ 51 448 " 23 169 398 163 342 32 56 " - 369 " 30 796 528 1,404 1,913 352 737 896 64 252 195 475 349 16 17 45 960 " 13 2,885 " 20 3.398 " 27 1,236 1,424 137 500 5C 3,347 July 4 1,045 1,246 327 73 445 3.136 -" 11 1,550 1,181 346 1,034 84 4,195 " 18 1,800 1,094 908 1,102 2 4,906 "25 1,919 2,738 851 1,793 168 7,469 Aug. 1 1,713 3,723 2,130 1,870 409 497 730 1,959 96 114 5,078 8 8,163 " 15 1,756 1,825 570 454 192 4,797 " 22 3,625 4,138 1,054 28 8,845 "29 . .. 4,883 5,950 1,672 965 94 13,564 Sept. 5 .' 3,456 2,729 760 1,806 180 8,931 "12 4,933 3,511 540 1,199 98 10,281 19 8,612 5,795 1,074 460 96 16,037 " 26 8,295 7,594 856 1,227 48 18,020 Oct. 3 7,827 6,108 2,864 2,006 789 19,594 10 7,477 4,688 1,446 5,339 16 18,966 " 17 5,617 3,507 1,282 1,580 503 12,489 " 24 7,473 6,462 5,542 3^ 460 20,317 " 31 7,661 6,118 2,101 4,564 20,597 Nov. 7 8,183 7,340 2,976 1,367 466 20,332 " 14 . . 7,027 12 876 1 648 2,593 24,300 " 21 6,787 4,700 1,788 5,269 24 18.568 " 28 12,024 3,670 1,613 3,815 21.176 Dec. 5 . . 13,963 6,911 1,438 1,378 227 23.917 " 12 8.217 7,124 540 1,663 103 17.647 " 19 6,015 4,487 888 1,584 49 13.023 " 26 694 1,527 287 1,772 81 4.361 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE V va).— Live Stock Receipts at Principal Markets by Weeks— Concluded. [Not including Unclo^iQod Animals or Direct Shipments.) SHEEP AND LAMBS— Concluded. — Toronto Montreal Winnipeg Calgary Edmonton Total UI19 Week ending: Jan. 2 2,274 5,095 5,161 3.033 728 1.633 2,123 1,378 1,333 1,113 856 524 502 287 579 466 247 236 27 m 417 494 286 1,296 810 1,115 1,582 2.207 2,534 3,449 4.766 3,037 5,424 7,494 8,736 6,998 10,034 14,733 12,082 13,620 15,595 14,703 17,401 18,156 17,823 14,936 16,625 13,572 8,965 11.059 4,805 1,868 987 1,677 1.078 4.345 2.169 667 507 443 328 356 215 206 109 99 156 171 227 163 292 197 417 426 404 574 656 1,405 768 1,047 2,237 3,022 2,441 2.771 3.780 6.013 5,909 5,411 7,401 4,931 6,463 12,361 11.806 15.193 15.828 12,957 7,237 5,993 8,515 5,789 4,996 3,178 2,616 2,321 2,940 3,284 430 199 325 243 179 122 75 123 70 133 194 50 55 156 356 2 12 58 13 66 247 51 42 135 153 204 302 594 799 497 987 807 314 1,623 1,228 1,006 1,567 3,950 2,022 2,404 3,275 1,957 2.714 6,061 4,062 2,926 2,279 2,504 1,672 1,094 2,073 564 249 1,417 921 363 2,699 1,586 826 3,908 340 44 2,114 110 470 327 919 15 111 362 421 3,326 468 153 1.117 196 333 587 524 1,417 l.Ml 630 713 231 513 528 734 436 1.075 1.044 957 2,020 1,069 1,984 905 1,556 1,569 757 1,072 1,457 707 1,322 1,278 602 1.410 92 305 193 378 1,368 1,192 115 295 2,749 194 1,917 269 14 • 14 104 78 U 10 1 2 324 1,227 345 116 502 149 160 247 V 191 ^ 113 294 335 322 316 879 278 885 303 179 210 619 69 299 520 496 470 160 4,473 9 8,094 •' 16 10,945 " 23 6,186 " 30 Feb. 6 ' '. 5,040 " 20 ■ 6,032 " 27 4,848 Mar. 6 13 5,287 " 20 " 27 ,. 1,062 1,140 April 3 940 " 10..:..:; :.::::::::;;:.:::.:::.:::;:: 2.129 17 ■. 788 " 24 544 May 1... 8 , 948 15 4,013 " 22 1,558 " 29 .. 2.019 " 12 2,284 19 2,701 " 26 July 3 3,779 10 7,682 " 17 " 24 " 31 14 7,741 7,133 9.739 8,004 15,801 " 28 , Sept. 4 " 11 16,300 15,954 17,901 " 18 26.525 " 25 9. " 16 27.744 30.166 36.011 34.750 34,862 33,313 29,626 " 13 27.344 " 20 26.384 22.598 Dec. 4 11 14.821 16.611 " 18 25 10,973 6,444 " 31 6.090 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c iSX' ■ tt,'SsS,s tcot^ssiSs --SbsstSs ofcssSs cbsSiS fc.§(3>.& ;eb«S(gt>.s- ,=b»§^>.& fc«§^>,& b„s^>. ill "^^ ----- ■"- -- I -- -- ...--.- fell's! III HSSa. o 'a ; iK ||.S-0.JC3 £|.&0i-:03 £|.S-0>J03 .£-|.S-0>J03 So.&OJOS I S.S-O.JUD fcC^Xt-JMSC^ CpH^w^^MM^ cKX^picc^ SttJ^^'MM^ •^KX.-iM?^'^ .^tf^-^MW^ 32 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 SSS oS oor- c«o SSeSoS nooa— <'^e^ nx*5 i^o! m g||5=- g"ss £ 33S '"?! gS"2"'-" ■»"'■ "" 1 a K||S|S feSS ' ' III'l--- s > 6 IIIIB III ss's II 3-5-g «2 gsssgs 0 ||s-p If sss" 11 «-■; r^ S S re S SSSSSR 105 R2 dp IS S ' ' ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 « 1 1 I I I 1 1 r 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 = §.== ^11111 i ' ' ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C" is IC ffl 3> »« ■ll' ■is i. §gS3 S" §5"" -2" ,ggSg| 2 1 giS'si !■' ' ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 2"S 2¥ ii s¥ s^" ' Cl^ =1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii^Sil g = S 'gS s s-" SS S'' SS ^ O & s 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 r w 1 1 1 r I 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 E ill 6 o If' "i" C4 — 0 |S 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 '"'" 1 g||,-, OCOO "' 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii"S2 ||,5£S ,|SiS2 1 1 1' ' ' ' 1 J 1 1 1 1 0" •» 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 5, , , , , S 1 1 0 ' ' I 1 1 1 1 1 1' " ' ' 2 1 1 I 1 1 1 if lb |-=-«' 1" ' ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 |i| g, , , ,, 1' ' ' ' I I 1 1 1 1 0 . . . . . "■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 C—' 5 , , , , , « ' ' ' §1.11. 3111.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I! oox "' ' ' I 1 1 1 1 I SS- 0 0" :^5SS , 1 i-or? — 1 1 t 1 1 1 ?*? 6i?*25 J=l»i.i ^f*S5 ■Sb'Js^SS tOoHss^So --Sb^sSi -Sb^siSo obssiSs oHss 5-c~'S = . g. ^tj~-^=~a. St. — 0=6. fc. — 33 5. t. — 0= S. t,— o3 HSStSo ill §11=^ eJ-^ .... jb So LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c c^r-oc — i/ic; Citotscsai yataeocnco cst-irjTt-^-o lO'S-os — co lor-taira-*" i »-»« — Ot- OC m C^ CJ O OOtO UiOi t-OCit^OJD (O so Tl" C^^ — M-^tO — -^M ir; ^ „ _ toir;* ooioos" .-i/s to »-o ^ o co -*ao oo— ■* — ^ m to" osi c^ci -e^ o;ooft t— to cs^iMco^m CO — oi-^l CMrMsccico—i — tocor-cow; »ra-^co-r-.oi r^or-tocoeo — CO Tf CO ^ —"COCO — — Oi — COOaOl^iO 00 » C^ ««■ O r- ^^ ■-< CO ^- sD »f3 h- Ci o c-> c^ — cc CO cToo to — o n-t— Mr- ao ^^ moTo— "oTS) OOiOOaoOt— O lOiftOiltDO) m>n— ICO^- tO-^tOb-COtO tOl I 1 I I O(M30— 'OiCO t— O'^t-'^iO oc^--^ .-iTt< r-toiM CO— cotaoo-^oieD to eoi-O-^r-aO'tf CI CO r— t— O Ci coco lO — I— OSOi Oi Old (O — C^Cl CS-h O l— IC cc C; -^ Oi — IC3 t— 00 0>«0 camoMS — t— o — lOl-f— (Mc-ir-e*o(M —"^o-^-^moo lacoacoo*^- eoootD"racnra i— eo aoosoo r-co oitooostrt— locoiococoo to os ■* •-■ -h — > CQtococ^coo c— 0:0C» -J. — ooc-w". »Oi t-ro oDoo toco toaooot- cocgo o or-cit— 40 QCOI'^OiO OOlllll' llllll -VtOllr-3C OOIIIII OS— IIOJCJ »o« eg CO CO -^o r--^ QC o »n r-r- •-> cs 00 CO oo o CO CO t^o r— CO mo mcM co r- co t— t— oo -^ :=«»; o. =K« -a ^^W g « =K i.Ss -s-! ^e• b' b^SdH o =33 SfcSSlSo lr-S(g«: ■ ^c^l^s "^^-^It^ Ig^^l^l I ;j|£«|[S fej|££&;S a|| 1.095 RAllerhRftfie 8U B pntnro 2,134 RAanhnmniR 186 5 rlv-p 2,783 2 652 ^nat ^'^^ y 1,876 ~, . V. - 958 ^nioouti 4,451 Ph Y J ^narievo . . . 2.465 F tonni* 6,174 n ond 4.985 urum |T ntin-Jon 2,025 nuniing 4.3S 365 5,054 joiieiw p , . 5,074 5,939 2,189 7,206 765 T tK^"* (^ 942 350 T Tft'riG 5,063 774 8,446 M It* nnse 961 137 247 46 3.344 1,725 p P.. 5.191 1,323 O lw» 234 917 3,459 378 13,254 1,374 2,623 1.028 511 1,669 939 53 170 9,675 1,136 515 348 2.890 6,510 2,198 51,350 49,335 98,590 69,677 59,338 104,404 90,041 89,261 159,612 2,488 1,898 17,751 9,203 8,167 1,692 7,890 4,668 2,419 6,185 5,565 91 563 251 1,197 389 4,107 2,155 1,898 280 726 10,640 6,957 931 10,643 3,707 5,520 380 4,606 2,615 1,578 2,589 2,281 3,009 1,918 17,516 8,421 9,669 1,425 9,125 3,888 1.105 8,703 3,199 24 619 797 1.055 427 4,078 2,932 2,732 74 854 11,386 6,731 723 7,233 1,607 6,339 173 4,257 2,928 1,036 2,059 2,008 5,641 2.855 23.314 10,415 9,985 1,186 7,980 3.991 1,500 7,709 1.934 378 612 639 1,498 550 2.376 2.510 1.540 665 1,460 2.719 15,158 1,678 16.646 2.538 10,768 770 8.243 4.087 1 6,932 3,237 2,327 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE VI. — Origin of Live Stock Marketed by Provinces and Districts — Continued. 1917 1918 Cattle Calves Sheep 1919 Cattle Calves Sheep Onhrio — Continued. Grenville Grey Haldimand Haliburton Halton Hastings Huron Kent Lambton Lanark Leeds Lennox and Addington Lincoln Middlesex Muskoka Nipissing Nor'olk Northumberland Ontario Oxford Parry Sound Peel Perth Peterborough Prescott Prince Edward Rainy River Renfrew Russell Simcoe '. Stormont .• Temiskaming Thunder Bay Victoria Waterloo. : Welland Wellington Wentworth Vork Total 2,832 20,003 3,967 6,613 12,667 17,692 11,276 7,366 10,691 5.587 5,705 788 10,421 1.418 1.414 1.925 6,485 8,971 9,831 2,120 9,273 11,817 7.273 516 2,578 631 9,338 2,761 16,770 1,919 15,640 803 14,217 3,183 6,679 2,361 1.909 1,346 1,470 2,876 17,731 1,618 1,841 6,007 4,813 953 7.002 13,603 17,224 8,890 8,398 12,367 5,477 5,549 600 8.683 1.154 2,148 1,912 6,612 10,401 9,898 3,127 9,663 12,222 6,395 2,241 3,342 10,702 1.762 18,408 1,482 20,150 1,010 14,792 2,456 1,644 7,530 4,046 9.261 7,138 1,346 60 2,662 1,821 3.9531 7,956 3,066 11,313 1,801 26,466 2,616 1,574 8,591 11,752 17,608 7,958 6,200 13,506 4,889 6,624 1,438 10.491 2,435 3,824 954 5.907 12,900 11,389 4,979 9,636 14,520 8,901 2,228 14,637 1,948 23,140 1,548 1,180 29,609 1,884 6,379 10,351 9,796 10,371 6,075 10,739 3,993 1,963 143 5,591 2,655 5,308 1.053 4,130 6.389 2,458 10.746 6,367 4,211 3.501 2,385 1,704 7,357 17c— 3^ BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE VI. -Origin of Live Stock Marketed by Provinces and Districts. — -Continued. 1917 ^ 1918 1919 Cattle Calves Sheep Cattle Calves Sheep Cattle Calves Sheep Ma>itob.\ 279 650 1.232 2.872 1,396 10.861 5.950 3,480 806 3.330 3.394 4,500 5.033 2,878 4,662 4.580 2,823 3,474 3,280 4,635 3.085 2.369 1.822 5,939 5,270 4,845 2,440 2.200 8 45 61 265 112 965 349 279 279 67 740 331 ^ 436 197 302 312 432 240 279 300 556 268 85 45 313 368 304 209 162 3 146 322 573 345 1,260 789 297 355 1,489 812 504 518 728 658 683 605 710 856 434 231 276 58 504 265 850 590 232 247 371 952 1.843 1,214 9,987 6.993 4,83n 965 2,453 2,753 3,841 5,377 3,878 4.268 4,019 2,547 2,639 2,377 4.499 3,369 1.554 1.783 5.298 4.643 5,347 1.948 1,673 23 19 15 185 91 613 268 291 74 350 150 522 142 310 300 287 104 201 170 449 184 58 40 171 300 286 145 103 16 173 272 1.018 371 1.712 894 1.613 206 1.870 1.144 932 302 994 721 1.343 619 845 1.388 677 283 215 8 310 364 1.078 470 341 444 400 120 1,351 2,25^ 1,503 8.484 7,534 4,151 1,102 3,001 4,083 6.428 9,539 3.301 3.851 4.820 2.298 2.477 2,615 4,137 4,339 2,233 2.843 3.460 4.280 4.183 1.898 1.645 7 9 2 22 230 157 530 325 409 153 848 625 340 395 383 404 534 83 168 322 506 468 141 170 393 280 322 197 124 142 202 203 204 205 206 226 810 3,647 720 207 2,294 208 2,400 209 '. 1,192 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 . 555 2,192 3,295 1.518 770 571 1.404 3.221 1.291 1,298 220 1,811 221 222 223 722 870 291 225 253 264 247 227 1.977 228 723 229 287 98,085 8,309 15,133 93,288 6.031 20,379 100,837 8,749 34.891 Key to District Numbers — Manitoba. District Area 201 Range 10 to 17, townships 1- 7 E. Principal Meridian. 202 '• 10 to 17, " 8-12 203 " 10 to 17, " 13-19 204 6 to 9. " 1-6 ^03 Red River to Range 5 townships 1-6 E. Principal Meridian. a06 9 ■• 7-9 207 Range 4 and Red River, to Range 9, township 10 to Lake \\ lanipeg. E Principal Meridian. •208 Range 2 west of P.M. to 5 E.P..M. and Red River, townships 12 to 2o. 209 Range 3 V, .P..M. to Red River, toivnships 8-14. 210 "2 " •■ " 5-7. •211 " 7 " " " 1-t. 212 " 3 VV.P.M. to 7, townsliips5-10. 213 , Lake Manitoba to Range 3 W. P.M. townships 15-32. :2U Range 10-23 W.P..M. toM-nsliips 24-32. -.245 Ijike Manitoba to Range 17 W.P.M. toHTlships 16-23. ■216 Range 6-12 W P.M. .\ssiniboine R. to township Xo. Id. 217 " 8-12 *' townships 1 to .\ssiniboinu R. 218 " 13-18 •' •■ 1-4. 219 13-18 ■• " 3-8. 220 " 13-23 " •' 9-12. 221 13-23 " "' 13-15. 222 " 17-23 " " 16-23. 223 " 19-29 '• " 34-44. 224 " 24-29 " • " 24-33. 225 " 24-29 " " 16-23. . 226 " 24-29 " " 9-15. 227 " 19-29 " " 5-8. 228 " 19-26 " " 1-4. 229 " 26-29 " ■' 1-6. LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE VT. — Origin of Live Stock Marketed by Provinces and Districts — Concluded. 1917 1 ■.D18 ^ 1919 ^ Cattle Calves Sheep Cattle Calves Sheep Cattle Calves Sheep ( 1 . j 1,930 5,635 2,801 4.879 2,001 1,095 82 343 58 203 SO 366 4,222 6,309 1,0S2 1,234 1,046 2.498 2,584 5.349 8,566 &,829 6,740 1,5»9 134 851 1,540 2,151 701 83 1,648 2 .... 3,457 ■ 4,170 4 6,079 5 1,750 6 3,494 7 1,460 67 1,562 2,449 293 9,649 8 5,377 43 3,034 5,437 357 2,050 9 2,589 47 1,642 3,328 569 829 10 1,085 40 - 4,981 681 - 11 5,028 187 350 5,375 731 243 12 5,434 121 2.851 6,147 573 495 13 8,415 322 949 10.588 1,214 473 14 6.232 442 5,919 3.357 224 485 15 2,223 201 803 2,651 590 1,585 16 2,541 7'' 215 2,785 187 166 17 3,246 122 3.590 367 176 18 12,807 1.276 1,060 12.251 1,759 1,290 19r. Not available. 33,237 1.944 8,580 40,190 3,127 11,181 20 10,475 764 4,253 28,361 3.448 4,046 21 3,991 193 357 9,257 1.105 2,260 22.. J.. 4,549 268 103 8.382 890 1,521 23 - 3,688 60 385 7,774 549 618 24 6,147 126 1,223 2,235 209 — 25 3,046 25 33 4,950 134 - 26 1,396 114 235 5,088 472 101 27 4,698 382 311 10,989 1,739 1,374 28 \ 5.861 242 863 6.289 525 1,298 29 6.893 541 2,087 5,483 241 1,064 30 4.470 280 993 8,730 736 1,080 31..:. 1.481 62 281 4,695 500 245 32 4,420 117 116 10,708 870 1,453 33 6.153 33 1,064 19,232 2,070 465 34...'. 2.416 93 186 6,845 657 575 35* 20,394 1,243 1,173 14,024 1,215 4,278 36 1,350 54 179 2,232 327 55 37 2,399 72 30 3,820 206 192 Total _ 203,842 10,689 57,428 296,840 32,025 69,845 •Note. — Calgarj' and Edmonton are situated in districts 19 and 35 respectively. Cattle and other animals, brought in to the stock yards, may be kept in pasture pending favourable market conditions. When these animals are markeled» ihey are shown as originating in the^e districts although they have been shipped originally from outside points. Key to District Numbers — Alberta. District .\rea 1 Provincial Boundary to Ran^e 13 west of fourth Meridian, townships 1 to 7. 2 Range 14 to 21 W. of 4th M., townships 1-6. 3 " 22 to 28 W. of 4th il., to«-nships 1-6. 4 " 29 \V. of 4th M. to Rockv Mts.. townsh ps 1-S. 5 " 25 \V. of 4th M. to Rocky Mts., 7-11. 6 19 to 24 west of 4th M. 7-11. 7 " 11 to 18 west of 4th M., 7-11. 8 Prov. Bound, to R. 10 \V. 4th .«., 8-13. 9 to R. 10 W. 4thM., 14-23. 40 Range 11 to 18, 10 W. 4th M., 12-16. 11 19 to 25, 10 W 4th M., 12-16. 12 " 26 W. 4th M. to Rocky .Mts., 12-16. . 13 " 26,\V. 4th M. to Rockv Mts., 17-20. 14 ■• 19-25 W. of 4th M., 17-23. 15 " U-18W.of4thM., 17-23. 16 Prov. Bound, to Range 10 W. of 4th M., 24-30. 17 Range 11-18 \V. of 4th M., 24-32. IS 19-35 \V. of 4th M., 24r-32. 19 •' 26 VV . 4th M . to Rockv MU. , 21-26. 20 " 26\V.4thM.toRockyMta.. 27-32. 21 " 26 W. 4th M. to Rocky Mts., 33-38. 22 19-23 \V. of 4th M., 33-38. 23 " 11-18 W. of 4th M., 3.3-38. 24 ' ov. Bound, to Range 10 W. 4th M., 31-36. 23 toRange 10 W. 4th.M., 37-42. 26 Range 10-15 \V. 4th M., 39^4. 27 16-23 W. 4th M., 39^4. 28 " 24 W. 4th M . to Rocky Mts. , 39-44. 29 " 24 \V. 4th M. to Rocky .Mts.. 4.5-49. 30 " 16-23 W. 4th M., 43-19. 31 " 10-15 \V. 4th M., 4.3^9. 32 Prov. Bound, to Range 9 W. of 4th M., 43^7. 33 to Range 9 W. of 4th .M., 48-62. 34 Range 11-19 W. of 4th M., 30-62. 33 " 19E.tol\V.of5thM., 50-60. 36 " 1 W. of 3th M. to Rocky Mts., 50-60. 37 Peace River and Grand Prairie Districts. 38 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 TABLE VI. — Origin of Live Stock Marketed by Provinces and Districts— Continued. 1917 1918 1919 Cattle. Calvea Sheep. Catale { Calves Sheep Cattle Calves. Sheep Sa-skvuhewax. 3.913 182 1.035 4.483 260 488 2,824 210 SWS 102 5.088 189 113 6.862 379 510 5,979 622 1.296 103 3.27J 89 262 3.470 103 136 3,562 120 202 104 4.606 178 100 4.807 197 27S 4,883 3O0 334 105 9.527 250 208 9.263 233 589 9.748 405 63 I0« . 7.174 119 491 6.760 145 476 6.240 156 805 107 11.911 217 241 9,380 157 84 11,110 221 568 108 7,665 1.384 2.055 7.358 4,053 1.739 3.045 3.155 2.681 2,401 408 2,883 1,671 1.054 181 8 97 183 74 83 245 132 183 64 36 116 194 83 635 6 19 234 a 500 230 18 53 237 28 16 4.935 1,134 2,287 9.439 4.956 1,857 4.298 3,113 2.907 3.915 1.090 2.990 1.228 1.880 146 28 95 268 134 80 352 214 129 134 107 109 119 127 370 236 711 60 126 184 370 175 84 61 178 23 6,145 1,698 3,715 10.180 5,512 2.318 3.940 2.768 2.828 2,409 1,713 3,126 1,738 2,400 3 428 224 690 238 100 410 439 206 146 122 313 222 161 - 109 824 110 IK) Ill 550 112 1.358 US . 1 313 lU lOi 115 171 116 440 117 . 334 118 1.065 119 - 120 738 121 218 122 1.214 123 - 2.361 83 76 2.8* 9t 13! 3.12! 113 124 4.476 132 264 4.59i 106 61! 4.24( 181 365 125 2.46( 41 46 2.162 31 - 3.7W 145 126 1.02; 21 - m 4! 115 1.42^ 12; 78 127 5 39( 9: 4C 3.735 103 2( 6,66( 38( 276 128 5 275 + 26 5.132 4! 1 8,95( 221 4!M 129: 3.961 15 188 6,02i 3f 7! 9,04! 461 606 130 531 1 175 90S 8< - 131 3.8.'-.2 7( 91 5.8^ 19( 63i 8,522 64 427 132 2.77; * 54 2.75! 4! 91 59 133 261 5 64. 21 22 1,04! 132 27 134 49; 12 - 1.31. 5: 712 1,40' 12 381 135 1.15; 2 37 2.46 4' 11 2.691 7i 270 136 261 1 _ 1.31! 5' - 1.65' ii; 237 137 99f 32 - 3.23 2' - 4.55 572 174 138 741 2 _ 3,16' 10! 68 2,771 26 - 2.21S 1,96- 240 424 3. 26 1 13 3 - 4.21f 4,06£ 1,135 1,10 71 26S 16 31 71( 14 - 3,815 6,384 1,383 1.09- 9IS 776 133 8C 1.176 140 637 - - 127.921 3,63o 5.473 148, 48e 5,05 9,25 172.2181 11.713i 16.893 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c Key to District Numbers — Saskatchewan. 39 District Area Pro\-inclaI Boundary to Range 9 west of 2nd meridian, townships 1 to i. Prov Bound to R. 9 \V. i .M. ton-nships .5-9. to R. 2 \V. 1 M., townsliip 10 to Qu'-\ppelle River. Range 3 to 9 VV. 2 .M.. township 10 to Qu'Appelle River. 3 to 9, W. 2 M., Qu'.\pp3lle River to township 2S. Prov. Bound, to R. 2 W. 2 M.. Qu'-ipp3lle River to township 28. Range 9 \V. 2 .M.. townships 29-37. Range 9 W. 2. M., " 38-43. Range 10-25 W. 2 .\1. " 43-49. 10-17 " " 36-42. ■' 18-23 ■■ " 36-42. 10-23 '■ " 30-35. " 10-23 " •' 25-30. " 10 to Last .Mt. Lake. Qu'.\pp3lle River to township 24. •• 10-23 W. 2 M.. township 15 to Qa'Appills Rivsr. 10-23 W. 2 M.. townships 7-14. " 10-23 W. 2 M. townships 1-6. " 24 E. to 7 W. of 3rd >1., to«Tlships 1-9. 24 E. to 7 W. of 3rd M., townships 10-14. 24 E. to 7 W. of 3rrt M.. township 15 to Qil'.\pp3lle and Sjuth Si3kltch3.v.» " 22E. toR.4U.ot3rdM..lyin?b3twe3!iQj'App3lleRiv3raaiLnt.Vlt.Lii! Last Xlt. Lake to South Sisk. River, townships 25-29. Range 24 E. 3rd .\1. to S. Sask. River, townships 30-35. •■ 24 E. 3rd M. to S. Sjsk. Rivjr, tD^aships 33-45 mi Syitb Sisk. River. Range 24 E. to 4 W. of 3rd il. tovinihips 44-52 N'jrth of SDJth township? 38-13. S. Sask. River to Range 7 \V. of 3rd M. and North Sask. River, townships 38-43. Range 4-13 \V. 3rd M. townships 58. South to the N'. Sask. River. Range 14-27 \V. 3rd -M. township 5S. south to X. Sask. River 19-27 \V. 3rd M . township 43 nirth to X. Sask. River. 23-27 W. 3rd M.. toB-nships 40-44. 14-22 W. 3rd M.. townships 36-44 and X. Sask. River. South Sask. R. to Range 14 \V. 3rd M.. township 34. X. Sask. River. .South Sask. R. to Range 14 W. 3rd M.. toK-nships 28-32. Range 15-22 W. 3rd M.. to«Tiship3 28-35. " 23 E. to 4 meridian, townships 31-39. " 20 E. to 4 meridian, township 30 South to the S. Sask. River. S. Sask. R. to Range 19 E. 4th M.. township 27 south to the South Sask. River. Range 16 E. to 4th .\teridian. township 17 njrth to S. Sisk. River. 16 E. to 4th Meridian, townships 10-16. 8-15 E. 4th M.. to»TKhip 11 to S. Sask. River. 8-15 E. 4th Meridian, townships 1 to 10. " 16 E. to 4th Meridian, townships 1-9. ilSiJth of township 24. BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE VII. -Interprovincial and Market Shipments of Live Stock, 1919. SHIPMENTS FROM PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. To Ontario— From Montreal From other Points Total To Overseas — From Montreal To U.S.A.— From Montreal Total Erports Total shipped out of Province., $.973 3,264 12,237 3.86S 3,871 IS, 108 11.416 11.416 12.259 Cattle Calves Sheep Swine To Ontario— - - - 2,264 SHIPMENTS FROM NOVA SCOTL\. To Quebec— 906 SHIPMENTS FROM N"EW BRUNSWICK. To Quebec— 2,722 747 919 250 SHIPMENTS FROM QUEBEC. 53.221 53,221 60,285 SHIPMENTS FROM ONTARIO. To Nova Scotia— From Toronto Total To Quebec— From Toronto From other Points Total To Manitoba— From Toronto From other Points Total To Saskatchewan — Total from all Points To .-Vlberta— Total from all Points Total to other Provinces To Newfoundland — Total from all Points To Overseas — From Toronto From other Points Total To U.S.A.— From Toronto From other Points Total Total Eiports Total shipped out of Province. SHIPMENTS FROM MANITOBA. To Quebec — From Winnipeg Total To Ontario — From Wiimipeg From other Points. Total To Saskatchewan^ From Winnipeg From other Points. Total 1,579 1,579 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE VII. — Interprovincial and Market Shipments of Live Stock, 1919 — Concluded. SHIPiMEXTS FROM MANITOBA— Concluded. Cattle Calves Sheep Swine To Alberta— From Winnipeg From other Points. . . Total To British Columbia--^ 373 255 628 24 24 48,665 136,122 1,483 137,605 137.605 186,270 31 31 935 1,923 1,923 1,923 2,858 2,837 1,405 1,403 1,405 4,242 27 27 _ 28,534 To U.S.A.— 587 Total 587 587 29,121 SHIPMENTS FROM SASKATCHEWAN. To Quebec — Total from all Points To Ontario — Total from all Points To Manitoba — Total from all Points To Alberta- Total from all Points To British Columbia- Total from all Points Total to other Provinces To U.S.A.— Total from all Points Total Exports Total shipped out of Province. 9,472 9,472 171,484 SHIPMENTS FROM ALBERTA. To Nova Scotia— From Calgary To Quebec — From Calgarj- From Edmonton From other Points Total To Ontario — From Calgary From Edmonton From other Points Total To Manitoba — From Calgary From Edmonton From other Points Total To Saskatchewan — From Calgary. From Edmonton From other Points Total To Brit ish Columbia— From Calgary From Edmonton. From other Points Total Total to other Provinces. . , To U.S.A.— From Calgary From Edmonton From other Points Total Exports Total shipped out of Province. 39,231 15,366 14,974 69,571 182,646 SHIPMENTS FROM BRITISH COLUMBL\. To Quebec — Total from all Points. To Alberta- Total from all Points., Total to other Provinces. . Total shipped out of Provii BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE VIII. -Live Stock slaughtered at Canadian Inspected Establishments by Fiscal Years, 1912-13 to 1919-20. CATTLE. 1912-13. Saskatche- and Month Ontario Quebec Manitoba .\lberta and British Columbia Prince Edwkrd Island Total .\pril. 19li 15.539 9,630 2,726 1,341 . 29.236 Mav 16,179 14,117 4,035 1.698 - 36.029 12.151 12,647 3,798 1.981 - 30.577 Julv 10,S89 13,922 5,679 3.601 - 34.091 12.383 13.369 6,903 3.935 - 36.590 10.959 14,328 8,336 4.417 3 38.043 14.823 19,540 13,127 9.646 179 57.315 2I,3G8 16,167 20,560 14.880 10,213 7.440 8.050 5.6«3 504 175 60.635 44.325 16,551 13.196 12,263 10.38S 8.387 7.204 3,083 2,466 2,289 2.293 2.820 3,414 52 95 53 32,362 26.964 March... . 25.223 Total 172,408 1,392 158,967 1,758 70,095 411 48.859 218 1,061 1 451.390 3.780 -April, 1913 June July 19,873 18.S34 15.956 16.008 14.348 18,583 27,330 24,842 15,607 11,523 7.863 9,853 15,383 17,976 16,939 17.692 16.145 23.633 32,019 24.306 13.091 7.519 6,673 10,814 2.798 2.945 2,746 4.170 4.439 7,051 14,017 7.936 4.159 2,944 1,507 2,062 4,197 4,524 4.231 5.152 5,118 5.858 10,514 11.482 8.811 4.161 3.080 3.209 78 68 33 4 14 376 901 388 95 94 22 42.329 44,347 39,905 43,026 40.050 55.139 84.256 69,467 42.056 26.242 19.217 March 25,960 Total 200.620 1,654 202,190 4,837 56,774 392 70,337 291 2,073 3 531.994 7,177 1914-15 1915-16 Killed Condemned Killed Condemned 40,189 41,685 39,734 37,208 45,974 49.961 52,896 74,272 57,806 29,874 24.963 35,863 1,493 671 593 375 311 430 543 885 788 401 351 1,177 April. 1915 40.958 2.222 Slav ■ Ibiy 40.629 1.228 36. SCO 1,084 July 37,520 705 42.372 413 SAiftpmhpp 49.261 560 O frth(» 64,609 7S6 80,127 1,079 47.526 57S 31,694 350 31.650 486 March 39.00» 1,072 Total 530,425 8.018 542.154 10.563 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE VIII. — Live Stock slaughtered at Canadian Inspected Establishments by Fiscal Years, 1912-13 to 1919-20— Continued. CWTTLE. 1916-17 Month Ontario Quebec Manitoba Saskatche- Alberta and British Columbia Maritime and Prince Edward Island Total April. 1916 May June July. . . August September October November December January, 1917 21.466 27,619 22.957 18,397 24,437 26,847 31,961 40,276 26,882 23,030 15,728 18,814 12.876 19,377 12,371 10,340 15,052 17,279 21,650 27,597 21,613 11,453 7,958 9,196 2,828 3.269 3,912 4,256 6,673 8.523 14,332 13,452 0,407 3,013 2,035 2,495 3,792 4.487 5.075 6,228 7,205 10,212 17,195 15,856 8,589 4,633 3,272 3,453 55 12 166 384 356 729 253 308 228 41,017 54,764 44,315 39,221 53,367 63,027 85,522 97,537 64,220 42,382 Total 298,414 2,987 186,762 6,822 71,195 613 89,997 459 2,491 1 ^ 648,859 April, 1917 . 21.957 14,144 2,500 3,584 80 42,265 25,692 16,271 3,438 4,253 210 49,864 June 21,178 12,621 3,421 4,557 48 41,825 July 22,836 12,982 4,691 5,129 1 45,639 August 28,947 13,878 14,056 11.845 3 68,729 September 32,031 18,163 14,962 17,423 142 82,721 October 42,649 25,960 22,524 24,134 461 115,728 42,454 23,408 20,264 22,349 830 109,305 December 27,088 12,770 10,479 13,684 732 64,753 Januarj-, 1918 25,081 8,683 3.175 5,160 559 42,658 February 20,464 5,988 2,476 3,475 323 32,726 March 24,652 11,287 3,439 3,297 197 42,872 Total killed 335,029 176,155 105,425 118,890 3,586 739,085 ■"Condemned" of total , 3,170 3,235 933 562 15 7,915 "■ 1918-19 1919-20 Killed Condemned Killed Condemned April, 1018 . . 66,732 64,772 48,296 820 April, 1919 May 68,238 57,672 46,421 Jlay 692 392 1,017 June 631 62,524 596 July 79,405 1,021 August 82,621 537 August 98,574 1,056 September 98,385 680 September 98,099 - October 119,164 1.026 October 134,106 - November 119,968 1,397 November. 139,614 - December 111,175 1,350 100,750 - January, 1919. 47,937 740 Januarv-, 1920 47,916 _ February 32.235 426 33,103 - March 43,964 922 March Total 56,741 - Total 887,773 9,578 960,639 - BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE VIII. — Live Stock slaughtered at Canadian Inspected Establishments by Fiscal Years> 1912-13 to 1919-20— Continued. .SWINE, 1912-13. Month Ontario Quebec Manitoba Saskatche- Alberta and British Columbia Maritime and Prince Edward Island Total April, 1912 May 85,548 97,966 83,344 69,023 81,306 62,935 96.432 100,778 77,993 89,449 81,741 64,328 29,336 33,617 27,798 28,979 29,655 30,630 36,900 32,148 40,116 28.712 25.123 24.184 11,297 13.082 12.574 9,782 9,422 6,153 4,531 7,646 10.026 13.005 11.051 14.837 5,583 8.833 11.531 8.569 8.452 3.113 3.768 5.583 7.118 11.263 13.878 21.547 708 393 238 66 1.389 5.073 6.117 3.052 742 1.279 132.470 153,891 July 102 897 151 228 March 126 175 Total 990,843 1.331 367.198 859 123.406 452 107.238 448 19,055 3 3 033 April, 1913 -May June July Augxist September October Xo^'ember December , January, 1914 , February ^ , March Total..-. "Condemned" of total 81,515 27.133 12,426 22.271 1.265 144.610 88,039 30,856 14,290 25.102 603 158.890 68.254 22,958 21,592 28.140 268 141.212 67.560 23,740 14,864 23.672 - 129.836 63.405 22,847 17.034 19.692 - 122.978 63.914 30,382 6,508 12.485 289 113.578 77,648 29,055 8,862 15,777 2,320 133.662 85,035 27,740 14,504 26,029 3,721 157.029 70,946 30,096 17,989 34,910 4,723 158,664 81,919 28y«33 29.429 54.168 2,161 196,510 69,440 22,62S 27.162 55,182 756 175,169 74,758 24.396 24.372 41,729 1,617 166,872 892,433 320.665 209.032 359,157 17,723 1,799,010 1.262 VV9 657 1,302 7 4,007 1914-15 1915-16 Killed 1 Condemned Killed Condemned April, 1914 168,671 161,522 193,912 187,184 155,953 157,860 197,428 226,136 268,212 336,173 288,173 257,114 464 470 537 688 611 389 702 838 815 711 596 660 May May 214,451' 611 213,745 710 July '. July 135,414 459 210,345 453- 233.036 629 230.0941 620 March March 208.4221 548 Total Total 2,598.338 7.481 2.363.693' 6.584 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE VIII. — Live Stock slaughtered at Canadian Inspected Establishments by Fiscal Years 1912-13 to 1919-20— Continued. SWINE, 1916-17. .\lberta and British Columbia Maritime and Prince Edward Island April, 1916.... May June July August September — October November — December .... January, 1917. February March 108,325 101,377 108,575 87,735 107,968 111,003 122,313 169,458 129,921 106.510 81,870 114,374 21,233 23,211 22,588 22,949 30,939 40,401 36,903 41,305 29,525 23,061 24,168 22,209 22,031 20,400 18,515 726 10,120 7,242 8,451 18,440 18,557 19,992 14,274 17,292 191,040 30,886 33,916 28,101 20,182 17,256 13.228 11,584 24,045 44,438 3,190 1,796 1,727 177,986 146,592 166,283 172,057 181,780 257,647 225,631 198,471 April, 1917 M!ay June July August September October November December Januarj'. 1918 February March Total :. "Condemned" of total 109,057 18.912 14,433 37.399 1,025 180,726 113,284 23,344 17,209 35,445 513 189,795 95,639 22,535 19,203 33,083 90 170,650 83,415 21,368 11,951 26,807 - 140,341 86,719 25,833 9,327 20,583 - 142,462 66,482 24.944 4,582 , 10,659 4 106,671 105,224 30,320 8,826 11,775 1,237 157,382 138.631 33,780 14,724 21,029 4,221 212,385 136,065 25,978 23,508 38,460 4,468 228,479 113,791 22,697 26,855 49,627 2,549 215,519 90,704 19,053 22,113 44,722 1,169 177,761 115,857 20,124 25,205 41,599 1,626 204,411 1,254,868 288,888 197,936 371,088 16,902 2,129,682 2,599 614 923 1,642 9 5,787 April, 1918 May '. June July August September October November — December January. 1919. . February March Total 159,380 204,663 142,617 162,544 134,931 112,684 191,911 280,041 285,177 253,977 211,084 194,345 April, 1919 Alay June July August September October November December January, 1920.. February March Total BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE VIII. — Live Stock slaughtered at Canadian Inspected Establishments by Fiscal Years^ 1912-13 to 1919-20— Continued. SHEEP. 1912-13. . Saskatche- Maritime wan and Month Ontario Quebec Manitoba .\lbcrta and British Columbia Prince Edward Island Total 1.768 5.413 969 3.842 561 616 84 1.267 - 3,402 11,140 6.162 9,278 7.473 12.737 2.673 5.109 2,011 3,423 -_ 18,319 July 30,547 15.523 17.300 7.775 3,229 - 43,827 18.376 28.616 8.677 4,194 11 59,874 32.040 41.267 9.085 12,067 9,258 103,717 32.599 27.708 16.636 20.570 15.599 113,112 15.218 9.220 5.862 8.502 2,235 41,037 6.361 4.675 1,410 1.343 1,712 15,501 2.474 825 917 2,700 14 «,930 March 1.647 905 209 5,477 - 8,238 ToUl , 146.861 155.537 59,550 64,867 28,829 455,644 201 82 58 18 26 385 1,302 3,373 7.564 12,328 15.734 28.345 31.560 28.266 15.432 4.276 1.332 634 1.596 4.168 8.537 14.446 16.498 32.847 38.592 21.783 7.084 4.651 656 579 78 408 1.122 3.042 4.743 6,154 10.719 17.517 7.332 701 582 155 8.350 7.437 7.081 8,682 9,131 8,540 16,304 22.432 19,543 7.520 4.894 4.043 13 3 - 1.274 8.537 10.651 689 4 20 1 11,326. 15,399 24,307 38,498 46, 106 ^ ^. . 77,160 105,712 100,648 50.080 I mrv 1914 17.152 Fphril]U-'v 7.484 5,412 150.146 148 151.436 154 52.553 23 123.957 51 21.192 23 499,284 399 1914-15 1915-16 Killed Condemned lulled Condemned 5.431 9.813 17.246 31.415 39.932 61.167 100.227 119,844 38,495 13,885 5.014 4-, 704 17 9 19 20 36 29 76 99 50 44 11 12 April, 1915..... 2,089 5,573 16,793 29,223 43,640 57,689 91,843 96,199 31,399 16,898 7,781 4,020 5 May 21 June 33 July 24 38 August-. .. S3 /^^? u 91 170 49 50 40 March 15 447,173 422 Total 403,147 589 LIVE STOCK AND. ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 47 TABLE VIII. — Live Stock slaughtered at Canadian Inspected Establishments by Fiscal Years 1912-13 to 1919-20— Concluded. SHEEP, 1916-17. Month Ontario Quebec Manitoba Saskatche- -AJberta and British Columbia Maritime and Prince Edward Island Total April, 1916 May . June July-. August 1,003 1..574 6,421 7,670 15.841 24,161 38,217 47,627 14,079 6,945 2,510 1,476 786 3,138 5,343 9,018 15,516 17,224 24,646 30,915 8,578 10,006 852 310 214 806 891 2,417 4,287 5.237 7,919 5,488 2,395 801 179 75 2,420 3,313 4,288 4,813 2,633 6,843 10,912 16,826 6.878 2,670 1,993 1,872 1,540 10,412 14,016 372 73 73 63 4,423 8,831 16,943 23,918 38,277 55,005 92,106 114,872 32,302 20,495 5,607 3,796 January, 1917. February March Total 167,524 132 126,332 256 30,709 26 65,461 29 26,549 72 416,575 515 .\pril, 1917 May June July August September October November 728 1,338 2.904 6,545 15,484 26,905 34,610 43,141 15,859 7,140 2,680 1,766 262 1,054 1,800 5,012 9,823 15,507 22,302 22,022 7,365 6,526 1,059 219 77 85 211 290 2,565 3,040 3,875 2.751 905 250 176 39 1,784 1,407 1,849 2,740 3,867 3,362 7,835 10,632 3,764 2,155 676 637 5 11 3,177 12,057 13,436 1,069 41 22 49 2,858 3,889 6,764 14,587 31,750 51,991 80,679 91,982 28,962 16,112 4,613 2,7)0 Januarv-, 1918 February I March Total 159,100 88 92.951 195 14,254 23 40,708 ■ 53 29,874 77 336,897 436 April, 1918 1,487 May 2,588 June 9,302 July 20,100 August 33,895 .September 49,741 October 83,307 98,654 December 55,545 y, 1919 25,484 February 1 1, 666 March 6, 192 Total 397.961 April, 1919 3,327 May 2.962 June 8,185 July 31.687 August 58. 737 September 95, 849 October 161 , 850 November 151,054 December 56,467 Januarj', 1920 20,537 February 5,907 March 3,562 ToUl 600,124 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 19?1 TABLE IX. — Slaughterings in Packing Houses and No. 1917 Cattle .Slauglitcrcd Sheep Slaughtered Quantity Value Quantity V^alue Lbs. 16,432,523 40.444.161 10.267,165 54,730,578 163,382,562 54,537.629 535.000 840.000 341,169,618 S 2.254,851 4,583,919 1,585,269 6,113,408 24.471.436 6,908,036 . 49,500 63,200 46,029,619 Lbs. 1,053.424 1.653.019 234,092 782,571 8.169.571 3,744,960 12.480 30.000 15,680,717 271,439 3 4 5 6 7 .\lberto Saskatchewan Manitoba ,. Ontario ." Quebec , New Brunswick — . . . . ; (6 " ) (2 " ) (9 " ) (30 " ) (16 " ) (5 " ) (5 " ) 307,701 60,624 163,141 1,740,492 771,188 1,800 4,000 (79 " ) 3,320,385 OUTPUT OF PACKING HOUSES No. 1917 Beef, Fresh Beet, Cured Veal Pork, Fresh Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 British Columbia. ( 6 plants) Alberta (6 " ) Saskatchewan ( 2 " ) Manitoba ( 9 " ) Ontario (30 " ) Quebec (16 " ) New Brunswick. . . ( 5 " ) Nova Scotia and Prince Ed. Isl.. (5 " ) Dom. of Canada.. (79 " ) Lbs. 15,612,166 40,821,191 9,257,483 49,038,500 209,628,952 50,035,631 390,000 600,000 375,383,923 i 2,838,877 5,076,872 1787,061 6,465,292 30,232,076 8,474,589 51,000 84,000 54,009,767 Lbs. 115,000 81,600 381,297 3,349,187 2,187,733 378,595 80,000 120,000 6,693,412 t 20,319 9,820 41,942 502,378 328,412 .';5,627 16,800 18,200 9'J3,498 Lbs. 20,000 549,775 146,044 784,293 4.569,075 3,020,769 9,089,956 $ 1 Lbs. :i.()00' 3. 173.210 11 . , ■ - _ .'. l-'lj 49i),L>'.l4 2-l,72.i,:i44 120,000 1,501,642 81,962,707 t 754,669 2,916,494 386,958 1,786,551 6,633,661 6,377,346 21,000 18,876,679 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c Abattoirs, Industrial Census, 1917.* Dressed All Total Meats Grand Total Hogs Slaughtered Calves Slaughtered Other Slaughter- purchased of Material No Slaughtered ings fresh or partially used Value Value cured Value Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Lbs. S Lbs. S $ S $ S 7,901,481 1.660.419 44.000 4.160 - 4.190,869 495,250 4,686,119 1 39,791.688 7,729,731 561,662 82,683 - 12,704,034 31,117 12,735,151 2 4,739,085 1.158,099 116,877 17,159 - 2,821,151 - 2,821,151 3 26,853.837 5.55 ,145 857.794 123,416 - 11,956,110 767,947 12,724,057 4 195,341.067 36.768.800 4.900.460 793,143 18.000 63,791.871 32,558,140 96,350,011 5 49^152,343 9.354,048 4,050,134 499, 198 51,443 17,583,913 6,997,103 24,581,016 « 952,400 160.160 6,000 600 — 212.060 99.000 311.060 7 5.436.610 843,595 - - - 910,795 46,960 957,755 8 330,16S,51ll 63,230,997 10,536,927 1. .520, 359 69,443 114,170.803 40.995,517 155,166,320 9 AND ABATTOIRS. 1917 Pork, Salted Bacon and Sides Mutton and Lamb Canned Meats Lard No. Quantity 1 Value 1 Quantity Value Quantity 1 Value Quantity | Value Quantity Value Lbs. 1 S Lbs. S Lbs. 1 S Lbs. S Lbs. $ 673,4301 170.145 2.547.557 833,652 1,049,094 243,844 3,698 370 1,020,406 268,792 1 2,687,370! 566,758 14,851,358 3,712,886 1,732,536 389,659 4.002,098 903.698 2,960,887 668,951 ■>. 2.160.967 677.895 249,976 80,967 266.002 63,142 655,436 171.449 422.985 63,031 3 5,005,000 1.290.275 7.046.984 1,944,701 1,479,942 275.564 176.891 16.220 5,078.983 1,145,486 4 24.419,295 5.724.150 215.338,384 25,110,977 8.231,952 1,765,713 19.195.700 2,935.715 23,324,436 4,846,634 4.957.717 1,267.726 42,387,009 11,391,310 4,089,098 1,033,949 5,982,406 1,200,825 4,156,098 968,064 6 173,000 36,140 529,980 127,057 12,000 2,400 - - 65,557 14,540 7 851,200! 173.640 3.264.000 855.240 30,000 6.000 23,200 9.000 290.000 62.300 8 40,930.979 9.906,729 286.215.248 44.056,790 16,890,624 3,780,271 30.039,429 5,237,277 37,319,352 8,037,798 9 ; and meat packing establishments inspected and uninspected with the exception of small 17c— 4 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE IX (Continued! — Slaughterings in Packing Houses and No. 1918 Cattle Slaughtered Sheep Slaughtered Quantity Value Quantity Value ( 6 plants) Lbs. 14,553.619 50,026,962 15,486.638 58,721.485 159,533,027 31.434.822 1,124.742 800,450 331,681,746 ( 3,227,881 8,611,648 3,003,225 10,375,566 29,295,845 5,042,086 15,687 120,067 59,692,005 Lbs. 484.120 2.6.35.430 264.391 1,287.483 8,996,391 2,024.318 224.135 15,916.268 t 154.789 (6 •• ) 525.687 3 Saskatchewan (3 " ) (8 " ) 75.653 377.063 (27 " ) 2.218,864 6 7 8 0 Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island Dominion ot Canada (16 " ) (6 " ) (6 " ) (78 " ) 581,437 6Sl,616 4.585.109 OUTFIT OF PACKING HOU.SES Bcel, Fresh Beef, Cured Veal Pork, Fresh No. 1918 Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity ; Value Lbs. S Lhi. $ Lbs. % Lbs. S 1 British Columbia. ( 6 plants) 16.159,684 3,211,813 165,000 37,500 223,677 53,77$ 2.808.400 819.250 Alberta ( 6 " ) 47.286,890 8,495,288 714,500 116,437 807.046 135,973 10.601,653 2,591,768 3 14,301,988 3,032,933 18,520 3,902 98,114 16,362 574,387 141,168 4 Manitoba ( 8 " ) 55,267,787 10,871,087 55,535 10,952 675,975 115,126 6,817,912 1,816,798 5 Ontario (27 " ) 168,077,301 33,202,918 3,036,163 682,251 5,256,226 1,219,340 29,867,063 7,040.902 6 33,262,365 6,204,176 977,891 183,005 2,988.322 595.561 10,853,257 3,097,722 7 New Brunswick. . . ( 6 " ) 79,823 13,062 2,000 350 - - 172,051 21,219 8 Nova Scotia and PrinceEd. Isl...( 6 " ) 760,450 - - - - - - 9 Dom. of Canada .(78 " ) 335,196,288 65,149,337 4,969,609 1,034,397 10,049.360 2,136,138 61,694,723 15,528,827 TABLE X.— Part I. -Production and Value of Creamery Butter by Provinces, 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918.* i Province 1915 1916 1917 1918 1915 1916 1917 1918 Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia. Lbs. 539.516 1.240.483 776.416 36,621,491 26,414,120 5,839,667 3,811,014 7,544,148 1,204,598 Lbs. 613,880 1,586,679 709,932 34,323,275 24,680,109 6,574,510 4,310,669 8,521,784 1,243,292 Lbs. 597,271 1,746,662 565,699 34,392,562 28,714,352 7,050,921 4,220,758 8,943,971 1,294.743 Lbs. 641,754 1,756,905 660,010 36,761,057 29,397,485 8,436,962 5,009,014 9,053,237 1,581,924 S 151.065 346,011 231,838 10.899,810 7,534,653 1.693,503 1,055.000 2,021,448 451,724 $ 184,164 505,000 236, 193 11,516,148 S. 031, 997 2,038,109 1,338.180 2,619,248 497,316 S i 2.39,940 293,572 711,6521 808.755 233,686' 302,818 Quebec 13,689,310; 16,364,950 11.219,029 13,136,470 Manitoba Saskatchewan 2,595.472 3,897,476 1,575,965 2,221,403 3,414,541 4,025,851 British Columbia 594,623 807,861 83,991,453 82,564,130 87.526.939 93,298,348 24,385,052 26,966,3551 34,274,218] 41,859,156 •For lull details on dairy produce, see special annual report on "Dairy Products LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c Abattoirs, Industrial Census, 1918.* All other Total Meats Hogs Slaughtered Calves Slaughtered Slaughtered Slaughterings Purchased Total of partially Materials No Value Value cured Value used Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Lbs. ; Lbs. S S S $ % 7.517.062 1.961,368 239,128 30,450 112.346 5,486,834 1.337,160 6,823,994 1 42.688.205 10,750,677 1,271,614 155,387 - 20.043,399 1,229,465 21,272,864 ■' 7,555,866 1.945,973 122,726 23,896 - 5.048,747 10.353 5,059,100 3 40,541,515 10,373,750 851,284 130,949 17.356 21.274.684 1.685,194 22,959.878 4 188,681.566 47.209,403 5.258.490 1.078.568 1.003 79.803.683 12,854.264 92,657,947 5 39.085.455 10.205,737 3.774.848 710.139 35.100 16.574.499 4.043,854 20,618,353 6 250.000 62.500 1.000 2O0 78.387 189,628 268,015 7 - - - - 771.683 571,270 1,342,953 8 326,319.669 82,509,408 11,519,090 2.129.589 163,805 149,081,916 21,921,188 171,003,104 9 AXD ABATTOIRS. 1918. Pork. Salted Hams. Shoulders Bacon and Sides Mutton and Lamb Canned Meats Lard No. Quantity i Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Lbs. 700. ODO 8.040,567 2,915,922 21,988,795 17,821.591 3.887,562 247,671 893,000 56.495.108 S 193.000 2.195.033 942.687 6.856.000 5.476.964 1.164.449 64,568 174,740 17,070,441 Lbs. 3.021.000 14.909.302 3,153,161 3,720,184 144,702.301 24,975,466 499,168 4,167,600 199,148,182 % - 1,207,832 4,877,757 1,138,848 1,466,435 46,516,623 8,534.880 158,729 1,162,135 65,063,239 Lbs. 2.630,084 5,572,453 195,477 1.422,190 9,079,081 2,391,568 53,900 21,344,753 $ 662,024 872,035 47,646 415,774 2,214,785 583,535 11.368 4,807,167 Lbs. 478,519 371.600 3,180.550 3,433.190 88,000 9,371,839 S 1,754 68,548 37,862 2,664,364 1.436.454 46,824 4,255,806 Lbs. 591,900 6,760.508 622,355 4,895,125 23,461,317 12,257,394 44,400 190,000 48,822,999 i 164.210 1,903,609 181,139 1,376,413 6,526,768 1,036,869 13,220 55,000 11,257,228 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 TABLE X. — Part II. — Production and Value of Factory Cheese by Provinces, 1915. 1916, 1917 and 1918.t Province 1915 1916 1917 1918 1913 1916 1917 1918 Prince Edward Island Lbs. 2,260.000 Lbs. 2,121,736 94,727 1,183,664 61,906,750 126,015,870 8S0.72S 743.122 18,000 Lbs. -2,234,985 67,497 1.244.106 67,835,017 121,173,086 1,003,645 1,274,905 71,094 Lbs. 2,201,368 61,195 1,185,225 62,070,162 107,886,724 657,585 13,573 552.834 249,647 S 327,700 18,837 168,086 7,571,691 18,831,413 109,008 68,441 2,000 $ 409,495 17,051 210,693 11,243,104 23.312.935 158,931 154,433 3.960 $ 466,317 14,269 257,645 14,172,273 25,771,944 199,036 280,185 18,954 $ 503,283 13,897 267,377 13,976,866 24,356,019 143,821 3,237 130,911 60,901 New Brunswick - . Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta 1.165.651 34.217,113 125,001.136 726,725 3S1.632 10.000 Cinada 183,887,837 192,968,597 194,904,336 174,878,313 27,097,176 35,512,622 41,180,623 39,456,532 tFor lull details on dairy produce, see special annual report on "Dairy Products" 17c— 4i ■S2 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ^■£ Z-i S'ga !"g< •2 I J &www^ww „ S^rO ^« ^ I Q I 5Stc2^^ x6 " |2 I s 2b; |l§o l !C 0> 3- iC bS! gj?j?=is; -^ x«C"at^«o5 I 5 .2si I IS 1 ,g5Ss3 ;s2 11 u Si 2 so = = ■.■as "• . e c ii 1 > ■''■ 5 e s 1 ll c LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 33 S '-' ■Is o BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XII. — Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination. Oct. 1 to Dec. 31. 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds. SHIPMENTS FROM PRINCE EDWARD ISL.\ND. Oct 1-Dec. 31. 1916. Beef Veal Mutton and Lamb Pork Freeh Pork Cured Lard, Pure Lard Com- pound Uiacel- laneous Total To Quebec- Total from all pointa. - - - - 1,400 S80 _ _ 1,980 SHIPMENTS FROM QUEBEC. To Nova Scotia— From Montreal From other points — 12.959 12,959 I 1.981 1.984 248 248 15.099 460 15 559 12,426 12 426 120 I'O 170.386 170,386 164,094 To New Brunswick — From Montreal 264,303 _ 48 23.668 177,769 103,267 6,641 739, 79( To Prince Edward Is. — From Montreal 12,110 - _ - - 250 _ 3.320 15.6S( To Quebec— From Montreal From other points Total within Quebec 14,702 14,702 I : _ 17,290 84,360 101.650 755 50.203 50.960 I 3,782 4.503 8.287 173. 39i To Ontario— From Montreal From other points — Total 585.471 2.320 587.791 100 100 3,293 3,298 1.000 190 1,190 22,370 84,396 106.766 33,650 63.170 98.820 44.972 44.972 648.936 24.262 673.198 1.516.13. To Manitoba — From Montreal 77,670 36,528 51.800 165.99! To Saskatchewan— From Montreal 70,750 - - - - - - 10.730 81,50( To .\lberta— From Montreal - _ _ - _ _ 33,560 35,56( To British Columbia- Total from all points. . - - - - - - 84,580 84,58 Total to other provinces 1,025,583 100 5,330 25.106 336,682 214.763 51,733 1,193,688 2,852,92 To United States— From Montreal From other points Total 41 41 : 306 306 4.440 500 4.940 20 20 200 200 : 1,129 1,129 6,63( Total Eiports 41 - 306 4,940 20 200 - 1,129 6.63( Total shipped out of 1,025.624 100 5.636 30, M6 336.642 214.963 51.733 1,194,817 2,859,56 SHIPMENTS FROM ONTARIO. To Nova Scotia— From Toronto From Hamilton — From other points. Total To New Brunswick — From Toronto From Hamilton — From other points. Total To Quebec— From Toronto From Hamilton From other points. .. Total To Ontario— From Toronto Total within Ontario. To Manitoba— From Toronto From other points. . . Total 1,161,707 1,161,707 1,940 1,940 41,116 41,416 9,780 9.780 602.250 8.070 2.604 612.924 363.147 13.803 376.950 33.660 2.870 36.530 1.943.438 26.754 1,970,192 541,366 541.366 : 1,080 1,080 1.310 2,061 3,371 621.051 10.641 106 631,798 503,407 15,067 518,474 99,220 99,220 246,435 23,524 269,979 - - - - 18,840 51.123 30 2,000 3.539.963 50 3.340.013 72,531 72,531 264,992 264,992 132,684 28,555 161,239 1,283,643 53,280 103,300 1,440,223 972.670 17,790 102,048 1,092,508 389.159 23.840 614.999 3,923,188 34,390 381,678 4,339,256 198.630 198.630 2,300 2,300 6,750 6,750 3,830 3.830 133,438 133,438 27.253 27,255 : 98,698 98,693 I I 273,203 273,203 15 15 1.623 1.623 _ : 11,398 11.893 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XII. — Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origitr-and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds — Continued. SHIPMENTS FROM ONTARIO.— Concluded. Oct. 1-Dec. 31, 1916. Beet Veal Mutton and Lamb Pork Fresh Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous _ - - - 121 - - - 20,540 - - - 74,090 - - 660 1,100 1,100 - ; 62 62 : : 20 20 5,264,726 74,471 580,693 174,405 2,779,681 2,039,052 750,799 6,624,005 2 2 -_ I 320 249 569 : ; 370 370 3,091,422 3,091,422 I -_ 23,811,108 806,813 24,617,921 : : 613,219 613,219 42,563 - - - 1,690 - - 3,133,985 - - - 24,620,180 - - 613,589 - 8,398,711 74,471 580,693 174,405 27,399,861 2,039,052 750,799 7,237,594 To Saskatchewan— From Hamilton. ..>... To Alberta— From Toronto To British Columbia — From Toronto From other points — Total Total to other provinces. To Newfoundland — From Toronto From Hamilton Total To Overseas — From Toronto From other points. . . . Total To United States— From Toronto Total Exports Total shipped out of Province To Nova Scotia — From Winnipeg To New Brunswick^ From. Winnipeg To Quebec — From Winnipeg — To Ontario — From Winnipeg From other points. Total To Manitoba^ From Winnipeg Total within Manitoba To Saskatchewan — From Winnipeg To Alberta- From Winnipeg To British Columbia— From Winnipeg To Yukon— From Winnipeg Total to other provinces. To Overseas — From Winnipeg To United States— From Winnipeg Total Exports Total shipped out of Pro\'ince SHIPMENTS FROM MANITOBA. - - - - - - -- 275 - - - - - - - 45,020 180,826 - - 24,191 136,135 - - 154,072 1,283,870 1,283,870 18,623 18,623 51,862 51,862 63,720 63,720 516,455 140 516,595 108,723 108,723 1,143 1,143 1,028,037 1,028,037 554,425 554,425 3,710 3,710 10.167 10,167 - 114,395 114,395 48,125 48,125 110 110 554,273 554,273 356,335 16,147 44,135 3,414 374,984 163,879 217 176,381 - - - - 88,379 - - 1,041 24,359 - - - 779 - - 573 - - - - - - - 1,440 1,845,390 34,770 95,997 91,325 1,116,872 272,602 1,360 1,406,839 687, 187 - - - 977,920 - - 124,397 623,516 10,177 - - - - - 39,486 1,310,703 10,177 - - 977,920 - - 163,883 3,156,093 44,947 95,997 91,325 2,094,792 272,602 1,360 1,570,722 60 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XII. — Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds — Continued. .SHir.MENXS FPOM S.\SKATCUE\V.\N. Oct- 1-Dec. 31. 1916. Beet Veal Mutton and Lamb Pork Fresh Pork Cured Lard, Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous Total To Ontario- Total from all points.. 15 15 To Alborta— Total from all points. . 1,015 - - 195 295 580 - 16,437 18.522 Total to other provinces. 1.015 - - 195 295 580 - 16,452 19,537 Total shipped out of 1,015 - - 195 295 580 - 16,452 19,537 SHIPMENTS FROM ALBERTA. To Quebec — From Edmonton. . . From other points. Total To Ontario — From Edmonton. . . From other points. Total fo Manitoba— From Edmonton — From other points. Total fo Saskatchewan — From Edmonton. . . From other points. Total To Alberta— From Edmonton. . . From other points. Total within Alberta. To British Columbia— From Edmonton. . . From other points. Total Total to other provi To Overseas— 295,610 295,610 I : 137,234 137,234 : 28,200 28,200 _ 24,114 190,485 214,599 -_ I I 132,501 132,501 117,996 117,996 60.000 60,000 ; 63.555 63.555 243, 104 243,104 I I 20,305 20,305 30.630 160 30,790 - I 38 117.775 117,813 210,629 15.050 225,079 611 611 10,829 35 10,864 34,345 34,345 233.293 25.878 259.171 222,880 58,730 281,610 55 55 88.211 356.960 445.171 41,381 41,381 1,296 1,296 614 614 1,690 1,690 12,773 829 13,602 5,601 134 5,735 : 6,428 6,428 1,305,141 8,035 1,313,176 13,136 13,136 35,182 35,182 121,716 265 121,981 696,866 6,553 703,419 262,431 1,880 264,311 : 215.577 1.020.167 1.235.744 2,077,569 13,747 46,046 446,366 1,111,376 634,121 55 2.076,882 403,915 - - - 357, 169 - - 395,559 - - 92,358 - - - 21.600 799,474 - - 92,358 357,169 - - 21.600 2,877,043 13,747 46,046 358, 724 1,468,545 634,121 55 20198,482 3,086,949 6,406,162 509.517 1.270.601 SHIPMENTS FROM BRITISH COLUMBI.i. To British Columbia- Total within British 19,650 497 8,742 3.108 9.243 41,240 To Yukon— ' Total from all points. . 1.704 5,596 7,300 Total shipped out of - - - - 1.704 - 5,596 - 7,300 Note.— Bills of Lading from Meat Inspection Branch, Department of Agriculture, show no shipments from Nova Scotia or New Brunswick. LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XII. — Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds — Continued. SHIPMENTS FROM PRIN'CE EDWARD ISL.VND. Calendar Year 1917 Beef \eal Mutton and Lamb Pork Fresh Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous Total To Quebec- Total from all points 20.207 . 228.200 44,000 37,835 360 . 53,000 383,602 To Ontario- Total from all points _ _ 102,000 48,000 50 _ - _ 150,050 To Manitoba- Total from all points _ _ 227,600 - _ - _ _ 227,600 To .Alberta- Total from all points _ _ 24,100 _ _ _ _ 24,100 To British Columbia- Total from all points - _ _ _ 100 _ _ _ 100 Total to other pro- 20.207 20,207 Total shipped out of 20,207 - 581,900 92,000 37,985 360 - 53,000 5 452 SHIPMENTS FROM QUEBEC. To Nova Scotia— From Montreal From other points. Total To New Brunswick — From Montreal To Prince Edward Island — From Montreal To Quebec— From Montreol From other points Total within Quebec To Ontario — - From Montreal From other points. , Total To Manitoba— From Montreal .... To Saskatchewan — From Montreal To Alberta— From Montreal — To British Columbia- From Montreal Total to other pro- vinces To Overseas — From Montreal From other points . Total To United States— From Montreal From other points. Total..? Total Exports Total shipped out of Province 274,856 _ l5,519 6,216 274,856 - 12,519 6,216 362,050 - - 133,686 4,920 - - - 10,300 10.300 " ~ ~ 816.042 63.360 879,402 38,713 38,713 105,393 105,393 29,766 100 29,866 14 - - 800 1,521,242 38,713 117,912 170,568 1,792,963 1,222,000 3,014,963 55,259 55,259 32,718 32,718 : 42,240 - 59,340 11,612 42,240 - .^9,340 11,612 3,057,203 55,259 92,058 11,612 4,578,445 93.972 209,970 182.180 62.948 330 63,278 43,130 16,970 60,100 760 760 1,112,733 1,112,733 161,10 103,063 5.716 757,041 9,819 28,386 - 70,491 4.791 454,445 459,236 1,245 175,232 176,477 I 12,385 12,940 25,325 64,569 383,124 447,693 22,846 203,322 226,068 9,946 945 10,891 1,908,603 48,970 1,957,573 26.300 - - 259.860 25 - 490 140,470 - - - 75,080 - - - 658,410 708,217 417,617 17,857 5,031.657 1,190,673 1,959,900 3,150,573 960 28,500 29,460 I 44,518 44,518 1.330 1,330 : : 600 600 3,151,903 29,460 - 45,118 3,860,120 447,077 17,857 5,076,776 1,530,462 1,522,658 3,695,599 286,160 141,799 75,080 658,410 8,023,784 115,122 6,442,613 62 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XII. — Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds. SHIPMENTS FROM 0.\T.\IUO. Calendar Year 1917. To Nova Scotia— From Toronto From Hamilton . - From other points. Total To New Brunswick — From Toronto From Hamilton. . . From other points. Total To Prince Edward Island^ From Toronto To Quebec— From Toronto From Hamilton From other points. Total To Ontario— From Toronto From Hamilton. . . . Total within Ontario To Manitoba— From Toronto From other points. Total To Saskatchewan — From Hamilton- . . From other points . Total To Alberta— From Toronto To British Columbia- From Toronto From other points. Total Total to other pro- vinces To Overseas — From Toronto From Hamilton. . From other points. Total To United States— From Toronto. . . . From Hamilton. . From other points Total To Newfoundland — Total from all points Total Exports Total shipped out of Province 3,665,742 3,665,742 1.417.753 1,417,753 120 15,561.888 1,635 54S.141 548.141 20,030 20,030 20,670,168 14,379.457 14.379,457 2.607.257 168,198 20.039 2.795,494 17,174,951 37,845,119 11,130 310 11,440 3,850 3,850 243,083 243,083 6,120 6,120 Mutton and Lamb 70,796 70,796 16,330 16,830 213.045 213,045 21,760 21,760 243,108 243. 108 243.108 1.076.81 101.762 101.762 848,771 68,360 38.204 955.335 11.612 1,085,099 Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- UneouB 1,582.974 30.771 I.SM 1.615.599 1,034.126 19,063 1.053.189 75,910 120 300 76,330 8.459.632 126. 48S 8.586.120 2,026.235 23.417 1.309 2.050,961 1.257,768 14,464 1,272.232 352,260 420 352,680 1.216.005 27,889 1,243,894 68.556 156,205 470 6,130 6.115.167 65,884 208.561 6,389,612 3,819,056 14.028 92.675 3.925.759 1,631,112 855,207 2,486,319 14.137,916 328.650 1.371.374 15.837.940 850.842 25.015 875.857 62.825 62.825 5,640 5.640 455,540 455,540 3,976 48.775 : - 43.860 52.751 - - 43.860 57 10 57 10 900 900 40 40 - - - - So 85 : - I 10.177,621 6.407,395 2,918.699 25.717.984 117.064.893 2,047.257 9,185.586 128.297,736 612,174 100,000 712,174 : 2.063.406 2.063.406 147.356 1.103.093 1.250,449 10 10 - 725.129 92.461 9.649 827.239 14,350 140 - - 129,562,535 712,324 - 2.890.285 139,740,156 7,119,719 2.916.699 28.608.269 1,007 46,230 21.845 68,055,431 14,490 150,594,815 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XII. — Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds — Continued. SHIP.MEXTS FROM MANITOBA. Calendar Year 1917 24,052 621,699 2,402.470 10,259,533 To New Brunswick — From Winnipeg To Manitoba — From Winnipeg . . . . Total within Mani- toba ToBrit ish Columbia- Froni Winnipeg .... From other points. Total Total to other pro- To Overseas— From Winnipeg. . . . From other points. Total To Cnited States— From Winnipeg — Beef \'eal Mutton and Lamb Pork Fresh - 24,052 621,699 - - - 1,69M75 - - 96,005 4,704,293 36,588 33,656 169,760 39,407 - 142 84 39,407 - 142 84 875,487 94.941 95,936 5,577 550 - 43,587 - 29,301 - 247 29,301 " - 247 7,923,505 131,529 173,179 295,641 11,507,226 128,289 11,635,515 ] : 8,135,988 - ■ - 19,771,503 - - - 27,695,008 131,529 173,179 295,641 Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous - - - 181.067 12,764 - 420,459 1,598,462 502,790 843 3,213,441 37,741 4,271 _ 4,047 37,741 4,271 - 4,047 1,796,847 915,018 3,717 758,737 8,040 325 - 1,412 76,271 76,271 2,222 2,222 28 28 1,059 60,660 61,719 3,660,687 1,433,119 4,588 4,495,768 4,063,188 - - 83,947 4,063,188 - 83,947 424,442 100 - 1,057,533 4,487,630 100 - 1,141,480 8,148,317 1,433,219 4,588 5,637,248 85,692 4,586,260 53,942 169,760 18,118,016 9,618,063 25,400,713 SHIPMENTS FROM SASKATCHEWAN. To New Brunswick — Total from all points To Sasiiatchewan— Total within Sas- katchewan . . . . To British Columbia- Total from all points To Overseas — Total from all points To United States. Total from all points Total Exports Total shipped out of Province. ... - - - - 45,952 - - 68,632 723,300 - - - 419,286 - - - ■280 - - 200 175 1,188,818 - 200 68,807 672,796 - - - 2,868,821 - - - 4,730,435 _ 200 68,807 - - 100 74,332 - - - 33,810 - - - 80,132 - _ 6,564 235 22,200 - 464,310 23,978 1,090 - 3,120 132,355 23,290 - 467,530 81,061 - - 36,453 313 - - - 81,374 - - 36,453 213,729 23,290 - 503,983 100 188,916 737,110 419,286 86, 690 457,400 28,128 1,881.000 790,310 2,569.134 3,659,444 5,540,444 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XII.— Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds. — Continued. SHIPMENTS FROM ALBERTA. Calendar Year, 1917 Beef Veal Mutton and Larob Pork Fresh Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous Total To Nova Scot la- Total from all points 24.035 24,035 To New Brunswick— From Edmonton... . - - - _ 530 460 ' 990 To Quebec— From Edmonton... . From other points. . 55 53 _ _ 838,763 241.959 24,826 24,826 360,165 120,290 480,455 24.482 24.482 298.693 27.630 326.323 72.439 72.439 ; 38,733 176,005 214,738 150.387 80.661 231.048 99.162 63,895 163.057 70.596 1.178.920 1,249.516 16.152 9.585 25.737 1,320.341 1.444.768 421.0*4 2.588.336 387.231 To Ontario— From Edmonton.. . . From other points. . 51,962 51,982 56,005 56 005 : : 219.706 219. 706 53,219 53,219 9,421 610 10,061 2,713 2.713 304.117 157.480 461.597 120.860 520 121,380 546,261 38.989 583,250 93,921 93,921 : To Manitoba— From Edmonton... From other points. , Total 2.060 1.677 204 204 63 65 To Saskatchewan — From Edmonton. , . . From other points. 373.622 20,301 395,923 187,946 187.946 6,433 6,433 796 796 12,085 2,680 14,765 3,679 3,679 To .\lberta— From Edmonton . . . From other points. . Total within .\lberta To British Columbia- From Edmonton.- . . From other points. . Total 3,945,817 18,290 3,964.107 24,870 24,870 99,228 280 99,508 283,061 812 383,873 2.075,165 113.721 2,188,886 918.158 5.000 923. 158 1,100 1.100 795.040 4.238.303 5.033.343 12.618.845 Total to other pro- 4,468,052 33,363 115,950 1.5(«,622 3,599.602 1.779.704 1.369 6.915,737 18,418.399 To United States— From Edmontl from all points. . _ _ _ _ 90,000 _ _ _ 90.000 Total to other provmces. - - - - 90,000 - - - 90.000 To Overseas- Total from all points. . 1.892,027 - - - - - - - 1,892,027 To United States- Total from all points. . - - - - 7,301 17,233 - 25,013 49,347 Total Eiports 1,892,027 - - - 7,301 17.233 - 25,013 1,941,374 Total shipped out of province 1,892,027 - - - 97,301 17,233 - 23,013 2.031,374 t shipments from Nova LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XXL —Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds — Continued. SHIP-MENTS FROM PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Calendar Year 1919. To Prince Edward Island — From Charlotte- town To Nova Scotia — Total from all points To New Brunswick- Total from all points To Quebec — Total from all points To Ontario- Total from all points Total to other pro- vinces To United States- Total from all points Total eiports Total shipped out of province To Overseas — Total from all points Total exports Total shipped out of province. . Mutton and Lamb 64,900 136,100 15,000 15,000 >ork tired Lard Pure iard Ck) Ill- pound Miscel- laneous 115,808 - _ - 3,000 - - - 32,042 - - - 293,741 - - 11.415 57,231 - - - 388,014 - - 11,413 388,014 - " 11,413 SHIPMENTS FROM NEW BRUNSWICK. 168,645 168,645 - ■- - 168,645 - " - 724,212 724,312 SHIPMENTS FROM QUEBEC. To Prince Edward Island— From Montreal . . . 265,030 265,030 To Nova Scotia— From Montreal . . . From other points Total 84,589 84,589 809 S09 8,791 8,791 6,940 6,940 29,064 29,064 31,127 700 31,827 320 320 635,496 633,496 797,836 ToNewBrunswick— Froni Montreal . . . 268,844 _ 52 115,844 56,633 SO, 357 3,240 676,344 1,311,314 To Quebec— From Montreal . . . From other points Total within 290 2,734 3,024 :^ : 35,000 35,000 44,301 278,501 322,802 149,769 149, 769 8,080 3,030 118 51,479 51,597 570,272 To Ontario— From Montreal . . . From other points Total 575,605 260 575,855 118,217 118,217 50,294 50.294 86,361 6,830 93,191 190,712 202,302 393,214 155,633 124,472 280,105 52,211 3,595 55,806 4,107,550 41,321 4,149,071 5,715,753 To Manitoba — From Montreal . . . 839 _ _ 3,473 26,179 977,257 1,007,770 To Saskatchewan— From Montreal . . . - - - - _ - - 439,290 439,290 To Alberta— From Montreal . . . - - - - - 120 - 490,465 490,580 70 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XII. Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by- Districts of Origin and Destination. Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919. in pounds — Continued. .^iUIP.MKNTS FKO.M QUEBEC-Concluded. Cilondar year 1919. Bed Veal Mutton and Lamb Pork Fresh Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Mined- laneoos Total ToBritishColumbia From Montreal.. . . . . . 81.664 1.001.917 1.083.581 Total to other pro- 930, 147 119 026 59 137 215.975 488.911 395.884 167.209 8,634,870 11.011,159 To Overseas — From Montreal.. . From other points Total 6,260,578 657,577 6,918,155 8.362 3.314 11.676 21,887 21.887 11.274.367 8.389.019 19.663.386 50.961 29.502 80.463 17.550 17.550 816,509 34,621 851,130 27.564.247 To United States— From Montreal . . . From other points Total 1.759.999 315 1.760.314 3.126.648 3.126.648 528.217 30.379 558.596 64.130 64.130 169.434 44.169 213.603 245,467 68.109 313.576 \ 214,281 165 214.446 6.251.313 Total exports 8,678.469 3,138.324 558.596 86.017 19.876,989 394,039 17.550 1.065.576 33,815.360 Total shipped out ol province 9.608,616 3.257.350 617.733 301.992 20,365,900 789.923 184.759 9.700.446 44,826,719 SHIPMENTS FROM ONTARIO. To Prince Ed«-ard Island — From Toronto. .. . To Nova Scotia— From Toronto. . . . From other points Total To New Brunswick— From Toronto From other points Total. To Quebec— From Toronto . From Hamilton From other points Total To Ontario— From Toronto. . From Hamilton From other points Total within Ont To Manitoba — From Toronto. . . From other points Total To Saskatchewan- Total from all points To Alberta— From Toronto. From other points Total 3.031.724 3,031.724 1.376,715 333 1.377.048 13,857.997 1.000 5.877 13,864,874 ToBritishColumbia From Toronto. ... From other points' Total Total to other pro- 18,308,796 4,085 6.450 6,450 3,230 3,230 148.310 148.310 11.980 11,980 13,516 13,5 14,426 14,426 274.845 33.341 69.615 376.801 27.083 16.165 3.400 46.64S 15.474 1.035 16,509 48,295 349.422 65.215 153.628 414,599 57,586 472,185 932,053 932,053 371.932 371.932 6.121.887 45,060 6.166.947 777.067 3,823 780,890 1,901,923 1,901.923 721.482 1.380 722.862 2.814.240 332 2.814.572 2,002,609 31,005 248.062 2,281.676 3,949,977 254.681 41.046 4,245.704 4.037.440 2.210 16,589 4,056.239 31,939,463 17,566 714,370 32.671.399 91.770 276.550 9.587 377.907 86,775 3,141 89,916 117.523 41.360 158.883 303,726 5.527 110.292 419.545 32.138 34,169 66,307 45 45 3.350 3.350 \ 94.682 94,682 - - 40 - 119 119 45 45 60 60 120 31.979 31.979 680 255 935 470 470 140 140 870 32.100 32.970 3,650.407 7,429,662 5.219.898 41.966,177 4.345 - - 11.670 34.635 7,781.826 20.200 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XII. — Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919. in pounds — Continued. SHIPMENTS FROM ONTARIO— Concluded. CalendarYear, 1919. Beef Veal Mutton and Lamb Pork Fresh Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous Total To Overseas — From Toronto. . . . From Hamilton. . From other points 25,256,414 262,284 1,506,658 27,025,356 13,523.941 377.190 37,007 13,938,138 40,967,579 59,276,375 80,893 176,857 2.i7.750 991,3% 57,224 1,048,620 1,306,370 1,408,119 413,493 413,493 3,303.422 3,738 3,307,160 3,720,653 4,4(M,443 148,239 19,688 167,927 473,300 2,134 580 476,014 644,041 1,065,388 120.049.095 7,213,065 23,603,650 150,865,810 3,144,055 33,389 177,415 3,354,859 154,225,014 157,875,421 5,179,884 186,897 874,131 6,240,912 1,985,612 .356.334 672.357 3,014,303 9,255,215 16,684,877 522,212 20 522,232 378,590 378,590 900,822 6,120,720 7.571,369 105.355 87,696 7,764,420 1,993,833 149,075 1,545 2, 144,453 9,920,543 51.886.720 193.257,900 To United States— From Toronto. . . . From Hamilton . . From other points Total Total eiports Total shipped out of province 27,662,137 220,940,237 298,722,063 SHIPMENTS FROM MANITOBA. To Nova Scotia— From Winnipeg . . . 32,472 - _ _ _ 277 32.749 ToNewBrunswick— From Winnipeg . . - - - 194,781 - - 225 195.006 To Quebec— From Winnipeg . . . 82 1.309 92 72 - 74,362 182 1.460 172,734 1.070,211 To Ontario— From Winnipeg . . . 11,138,269 111,424 57,084 167,989 2,205,425 598,011 257.432 4,110,120 18,645,774 To Manitoba— From Winnipeg . . . From other points Total within Manitoba 10,997 3,622 14,619 / 124 124 726 726 72 3,769 716 4,485 4,857 894 5,751 361 13 374 13,596 6,487 20,083 46,234 To Saskatchewan — From VVinnipeg . . . 2,106,984 77.971 140,186 8,604 280,188 822.662 88,205 1,290,426 4,815,226 To .Vlberta— From Winnipeg... 66,173 _ 132,552 179,054 26,124 177,199 581.102 To British Colum bia — From Winnipeg . 3S1 142 - 35,776 34,018 60,811 332,366 463,494 Total to other pro- 14,163,207 189,868 197,484 176,593 2,923,084 1,633,927 434,052 6,083,347 25,803,562 To Owrseas— From Winnipeg . . 9,350,518 91,176 - 64,908 13,442,140 492,402 189,768 251,325 23.882,237 To United States— From Winnipeg... 10,706,286 12,533 - 89,757 2,560,988 8,770 171,435 870,248 14,420,037 Total Eiports 20,056,804 103,709 - 154,665 16,003,128 501,172 361.223 1,121,573 38,302,274 Total shipped out of Province 34,222,011 293,577 197,484 331,258 18,926,212 2.135,099 795,275 7,204.920 64,105,836 72 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XII. — Statement of luterprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by EHstricts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds — Continued. .■^UIPMENTS FROM S.\SIv.\TCHE\VA.\. Calendar Vear 1919. To Nova Scotia — Total from all points To New Bnmsn-ick- Total from al points . . ■ To Quebec- Total from points To Ontario- Total from all points To Manitoba- Total from all points To Saskatchewan- Total from all points within Saskatchewan To Alberta- Total from all points To British Coli bia— Total from all points To Overseas — Total from all points To United States- Total from all points 1,0% 1,020 340,560 174, 9&4 5S,742 233 ,-726 Mutton and Lamb 23,655 23,655 49,793 606,765 2,420 27,545 538,952: 7,070,526! 146,233 7, 677, 291 1 173,775 Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous - 150 - 270 10,325 65,248 - 224.804 140 - 1.435 297,995 60 4,645 U.S20 593.110 -2,860 S4,67I 50 131,406 72,910 216.077 84,730 809,187 SHIPMENTS FROM ALBERTA. To Nova Scotia — Total from all points To New Brunswick- Total from all points To Quebec— From Bdmonton.. FVom other points Total To Ontario— From Edmonton.. From other points Total To Manitoba— From Edmonton. From other point Total - - ^ 287,668 - - 275,993 275,993 - - - " - : 20,675 20,875 - : - - 125 - - 205.422 - - - 56,453 264.638 24,000 S8,63S : 41,901 41,901 30.011 785.692 815,703 soTooo 30.000 - 39,721 39,721 239.949 259.949 30.000 30,000 60,325 60,325 - LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XIX. ^Statement of Interprovincial and Markets Shipments of Meats in Detail by Districts of Origin and Destination, Oct. 1 to Dec. 31, 1916, and Calendar Years 1917, 1918 and 1919, in pounds — Continued. SHIPMENTS FROM ALBERTA— Concluded. Calendar Year 1919 To Saskatchewan— From Edmonton.. From other points Total To Alberta— From Edmonton, ^ From other points Total To British Colum- bia— From Edmonton.. From other points Total Total to other pro vinces To Overseas — . From Edmonton.. From other points Total To United States— From Edmonton.. From other points Total Total Exports Total shipped out of Province Mutton and Lamb Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous 25.688 33,076 58,764 69,065 48,750 117,815 S50 50 900 115,886 1,707,456 1,823,342 72.044 87,246 159,290 2.675 912 3.587 114 114 S,920 1,395 10,315 69,433 86,279 155,712 221,742 8,930 230,672 10,175 3,173 13,348 1,468,189 4,008,621 5,476,810 563,239 408,812 95,870 8,637,679 4,740,321 3,071,827 7,812,148 113,099 113,099 ; 149,722 395,891 545,613 542.541 1,815,338 2,357,879 77,258 77,258 276,700 276,700 443,408 443,408 10.170,027 190,357 276,700 989,021 10,733,266 599.169 372,570 9,626,700 3,858 885 4,743 949,596 34,238 983,834 1,041,041 1,052,512 ,093,553 ,750,254 ■,277,064 ,027,318 ,120,871 28,035 29,609 57,644 42,552 - I 42,552 199,831 271,925 31,706 52 31,758 112,924 147,528 102,126 134,371 6,960.652 11,468,630 16,225,113 36,161,857 SHIPMENTS FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA. To Ontario- Total from all points To Alberta- Total from al points To Overseas — Total from all points To United States- Total from al points _ _ . 329.563 - - - 329.563 - ' - - 31,955 31,955 - - - 361,518 - - - 24.000 - - - 24,000 ^ - - 121,064 - - - - '. 50,986 121,004 - - 50,986 145,064 - - 50.986 24,000 329,563 353,563 121,004 82,941 204,003 557,568 74 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V. A. 1921 TABLE XIII. Summary of Interprovincial and Export Shipments by Fiscal Years 191718 and 1918-19. Mutton and Lamb Lard Com- pound Prince Edward Island. 1917-18— ^^hiproents to othci provinces Kjtporta Total ehipped out of province Prince Edward Iijland 1918-19— Shipments to other provinces I'iports Total shipped out of province Quebec. 1917-18— Shipment^ to other provinces Exports Total shipped out of province Quoboc. 1918-19— Shipments to other provinces Exports Total shipped out of province Ontario. 1917-18— Shipments to other proA*inces ... Exports Total shipped out of province Ontario. 1918-19— Shipments to other provinces Exports Total shipped out of province .Manitoba. 1917-18— Sliipments to other provinces Exports Total shipped out of province Manitoba, 1918-19— Shipments to other provinces Exports...- Total shipped out of province Saskatchewan 1917-18- Shipments to other provinces E^mrts Total shipped out of pro\'ince Saskatchewan,1918-19- Sbipments to other provinces Exports Total shipped out of province Alberta, 1917-lS— Shipments to other provinoes Exports Total shipped out of province 360 S39.111 5.501,696 21.862,566 23,090.913 136tl76 5.191 3.750.474 20,372.316 392.334 176.152,! 18.156 105.335 1.168,041 11.377.585 2.309.646 8.324,208 83.199.781 5.559 6,530,250 16.689,622 28,947,740 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c , TABLE XIII. — Summary of Interprovincial and Export Shipments by Fiscal Years 1917-18 and 1918-19. — Beet Veal Mutton and l.umb Pork Fresh Pork Cured Lard Pure Lard Com- pound Miscel- laneous Total Alberta, IDlS-ia— Shipments to other provinces Exports Total shipped out of province 1,552,485 32,265,110 8,608 42,552 43,838 36,884 1,374,260 16,503,390 344,535 113,099 58,689 6,901,503 2.277,648 10,320,802 51,201,799 3.'i,S17,59o 51,160 43,838 36,884 17,877,650 457,634 58,569 9,179,151 61,522,601 British Columbia. 1917-18— Shipments to other - - - 200 109,022 80,100 1,250 17,233 - 30,605 97 333 Total shipped out of - - - 200 189,122 18,483 - 30,605 238,410 British Columbia. 1918-19— .Shipments to other 1,892,027 - - - - - 25,013 1 917 040 Total shipped out ol province 1,892,027 - - - - - - 25,013 1,917,040 76 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XIV. Canadian Domestic Sales of Produce, July 1918 to December 1918 inclusive. Tlii.s tabk' slio\v.s data tlcrivcd from the licensi' icport.s uf the Canada Food lioard, giving the sales of the wholesale produce dealers within Canada and each jiart thereof, as shown lielow to wholesalers and to retailers. Tlie sales to wholestders are regarded as transfers, but the sales to retailers show the quan- tities of these goods, going on for consumption through wholesale channels. In the case of the cities of Montreal. Toronto and \\'innipeg we are able to show the sales to other dealers in these cities consequently the sales to retailers in these cities show the consumption of these foods in these same cities in these months. The total sales made by the wholesalers in these cities are also given; from these may be gathered an idea of the total trade in these goods, by these city wholesalers. The difference between such total trade and the trade to other dealers in the same city shows the trade of that city with outside points. DOmNION OF CANADA. Sales Sales Sales Sales to to to to Unit Retailers Retailers Retailers Retailers ■July August September Oct6ber Doz. 3,025,928 2,430,454 2,596,245 3,013,421 1-ba. 3,956,267 4.013,043 5,579,523 6,106,529 576, 43S 483,969 752,251 576,141 1,702,415 1,712,975 2,414,392 2,855,301 " 697,808 455,433 800,801 1,167,999 " 1,341,938 1,873,960 2,429,552 2,117,975 1,894,815 1,930,852 3,107,841 3,264,555 " 426,322 210,322 2,701,210 387,265 8,866,160 9,078,951 14,131,871 11,582,448 5,902,25C 4,526,568 7,231,788 5.561,721 '* 2,301,046 2.536.895 3,135,642 2,845,925 1,196,460 1,244,344 1,862,263 1,819,192 Sales to Sales Whole- to salers Retailei I'-ggs Oeamery Butter. Dairy Butter Cheese ( >ieomargarine Lard Lard Compound. . Beef, cured Beef, fresh l*ork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and Lamb ,708.773 .737,247 445.255 :, 656, 926 933.539 ,420,05b ,678.802 126.410 i, 305. 260 1.864.614 1,185,412 ,027,321 3.548.677 5.716,220 493,591 2,609.909 1,030.840 2,157,686 2.962.95^ 1.231.370 15,326.911 6. 152. 085 3.875 2,053.419 AURITIME PROVINCES. Eggs Creamery Butter . . Dairy Butter Cheese <^leomarsarine. . . . . Lard Lard Compound. . . Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and Lamb. I^ggs Creamery Butter. . Dairy Butter Cheese Oleomargarine Lard Lard Compound . . . Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh ^^utton and Lamb. Eggs Creamery Butter. . Dairy Butter <;^heese Oleomargarine Lard I^ard Compound. . ]ieef , cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and Lamb Doz. 107,171 179,208 122,013 224,099 33,556 267,545 76,386 Lbs. 118,242 185,152 169,118 223,457 2,053 222,407 8,159 35,209 60,863 103,363 120,561 5,927 97,221 19,713 92,088 198,118 197,989 233,245 87,900 203,619 48,424 " 9,603 25,876 18,795 20,856 1,492 14,611 1,216 " 58,775 85,428 105,342 122,679 2,040 103.537 4,350 " 291,670 119,571 140,229 199,120 9,576 197,418 9,123 230,011 93,394 90,552 129,191 3,000 73,124 1,000 " 562,658 567,570 723,986 636,098 36,542 691,320 4,183 " 169,628 160,300 224,258 233,807 13,501 172,823 10,025 18,346 36,297 57,921 66,4.57 31,953 37,791 11.179 " 26.094 62,492 114,299 99,049 12,586 41,528 7,221 303,561 238,766 63,320 123,631 26,364 89,787 107,280 129,505 744,984 179,288 110,921 56,030 Doz. 1,016,337 652,433 744,380 970,377 31,931 963,109 43,469 Lbs. 1,665,132 1,303,125 1,850,359 2,614,909 199,071 2,093,507 398,494 " 91,298 44,856 78,850 158.597 4,181 84,691 3,359 '* 432,739 1.52,585 403,628 427,185 1,051,092 433,060 436,124 2%, 758 174,812 178,154 339,690 150,499 261,842 80,570 408,367 271,581 402,750 373,432 36,334 321,563 .53,323 63,057 636,147 733,538 756,199 87,695 508,064 32,592 53,563 40.216 45,830 87,058 15,530 55,207 5,958 3,149,433 2,123,727 2,467,871 2,958.785 964,778 3,598,431 1,467,951 1,591,962 847,715 1,153,762 1,198,579 470,236 792.429 248,427 932,727 608,035 860.. 360 1,132,791 9,810 825,400 15.463 331,527 297,252 396,167 499.523 46,408 476,728 8,253 1,151,478 1,354,972 23,858 330,822 201,137 469,934 370,297 26,437 3,334,312 609,395 1,238,778 328,243 Doz. 941,628 976,966 961,441 1,231,563 976.175 1,560,607 589,783 Lbs. 1,147,270 1,633,553 2,160,710 2,192,006 801,789 2,099,400 871,442 358,325 155,534 183,238 200,687 63,978 217,927 .53,404 ** 818,430 952,270 1,217,353 1,307,395 1,298,512 1,209,650 893,168 " 370,662 243,282 526,107 790,696 695,842 719,561 265,076 " 554,457 791,978 1,070,923 1,039,570 729,890 1,082,957 4.54,269 961,081 678,146; 1,664,934 1,873,624 1,116,882 1,854,885 434,948 131,959 48,467 82,064 88,898 103,033 59,322 56,346 2,898,362 3,505,605 6.113,846 5,163,257 6.701,485 7,244,169 3,946,455 3,180,884 2,561,650 3,498,774 3,068,093 1,370,282 3,019,897 654,084 877,100 1,034,378 1,360,696 1,042,321 3,787,627 1,390,389 2,365,824 261,491 473,053 857,244 805.800 675,474 1,110,754 550,533 1,307,636 1,746,410 156,4.58 684,359 649,244 652,391 1,025,243 35,320 6,307,317 1,741,600 1,319,884 905,816 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS ' 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XIV. — Canadian Domestic Sales of Produce, July, 1918, to December, 1918, inclusive. — Continued. MANITOB.A. Unit Retailers Retailers July i August Sales to I Sales Whole- i to salers ' Retailers Sales to Sales WTiole- to salers Retailers Creamery butter. r^iiy butter Cheese Oleomargarine. . . Lard Lard compound.. Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and lamb 353,560 306, 335 I 3S,112[ t>B.057 14,343 89,^2 489,247i 9,049 795,462 336,601 236,466 90,67.' 133,341 107,798 30,973 75.623 7,252 99,749 59,472 620,303 74,762 97,806 23,164 173,121 ,449.6.38' ,213.6121 618,4831 3M.530 311,7241 130.58; 175.846 215,975 109,827 322,3281 233,707 31.001 112,183 29,082 203,526 17,400 73,126 26,006 28,998 21,694 224,392 108,381 173,039 124,612 78.366 108,543 1,635 2,200 878,428 2,210,402! 976.187 020.45C 536,877; 194,030 531,0.56 2S0,42l| 345,815 109,086 128,963] 117,492 SASK-iTCHEWAX. Eggs Creamer>" butter. Dairj- butter Cheese Oleomargarine. . , Lard Lard compound. . Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and lamb 70,844 11.838 16,132 88,631 222,370: 151,485! 24,893 S0.388 30,071 6,944 13,659 53,692 62,616 65,386 13,398 17,925 43,973 76,496 8,828 83,694 1,198 176,627 53,800 2.216 313.111 428,910 31.681 38.457 20,759 17,940 15,666 191,353 2,016 63,663 35,878 79, 128 26,170 12,435 8.916 5,377 69,959i 6,000 38,654i 2,800 14,6601 23,511 158,762i 84 2,452,155 374,590 756.251 32,901 33,a53 2,284,040 Eggs Creamery butter. I^iiy butter Cheese Oleomargarine. . . Lard Lard compound.. Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and lamb 131,005 90,009 102,800 31,821 171.990! 52,251; 97,280 1,021,918 456.738 502,658 119,525 209,875 154.793 335,211 208,229 57,057 23,024 142,926 204,858 18,151 7,581 286.435 211.089 133,729 128,956 267 100 170,6.33 534,234 942.692 392,573 261,312 190.519 143,326 91,184 301,469 304, 37 23,758 26 99,191 18 65,596 .i2 36,203 60 8,936 l.i 155,708 s: 84,720 - 2,701 01 1,502,861 (W 290,729 M 806.544 76 83.466 134.767 239.633 49.985 90,542 8,190 149,704 90,278 66 416,480 232,556 165,842 58.899 BRITISH COLUMBIA. Eggs Creamerj- butter. Dairy butter.. ... Cheese Oleomargarine. . . Lard Lard compound.. Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured . Pork, fresh. Mutton and lamb Doz, 280,500 300,489 Lbs. 369,934 645,466 '* 17.344 88,075 170.880 177,887 " 5,812 2,714j 138,060 176,6761 1,995 310,4821 1,095 27,2761 1,201,111 1,177,0101 365,618 339,8081 181,932 244,3231 393,366 250,933 329,207! 613,555 26.253 196.002 .259,0311 351,6841 254.334 219,820 73,341 148,444] 29,447| 8,408 444,100: 67,1521 75,655: 46,0041 338,874; 615,176; 13,473, 166.540 117.560i l,O42,0S2J 186,207| 486,6931 48,745 1,222 7,092 388.319 45,582 95,391 225,842 629,886 14,921 93,861 1,753 75,041 53,963 2,209 430,012 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XIV. Canadian Domestic Sales of Produce, July, 1918, to December, 1918, inclusive. — Continued. / MONTREAL S.\LES— LOC.\L MONTREAL-TOTAL SALES Conunodity Salegto Whole- salers Retailers Sales to I Sales Whole- to salers I Retailers Sales to Whole- salers Retailors Sales to Whole- salers Retailers Eggs Creamery butter. Dairy butter Cheese Oleomargarine. . . Lard Lard compound.. Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and lamb 18,989 573,75" 4.181 739,771 115.809 12,032 31,41 10,530 77,762 108,129 9,810 40,927 37,101 368,785 2.743 305.125 73,670 26,819 32,58" 5,958 110,548 63,006 15,463 3,690 760,280 850,525 38,950 183.350 116,64 270,158 152.345 10,384 3.161,560 318,217 683,364 278,609 26,861 '4!l81 ,036.967 119.079 30,814 34.015 15,530 964,778 236 1,789,522 42.251 .387.603' 191.506 235,466! 306,098 41.997 3.204,868 .532.820 700.523 453,146 43,161 369,125 33,591 432,581 73,820 35,823 32,592 5,958 ,467,951 75,427 15,463 8.253 1,032,738 49,178 289,765 151,346 401,554 230,340 12,284 3.145.364 431.402 1,058,921 307.184 TORONTO SALES— LOCAL TORONTO— TOTAL SALES Sales to ^Vhole- salers Retailers Sales to Whole- salers Retailers Sales to I Sales Whole- I to salers ( Retailer Creamery butter. Dairy butter Cheese Oleomargarine. . . Lard Lard compound.. Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and lamb 293 253,096 159,221 91,425 133,214 11,112 1.542,666 80,752 323,708 300.152 745,858 880,848 66.416 260.969 111,795 216,398 3S3.059 772 2,918,322 756,644 737,550 609.987 250,603 284,986 8,317 154.235 96.950 57,551 102,645 13.339 1,103,932 127,385 203,317 213,927 438,756 692,821 45,022 188.519 82.346 133.424 235.139 7.581 2.303.402 425.441 476.924 405.300 fi.537,i 1.059.' 3,702,; 292,757 244.115 392.725 424.976 537.542 2.288,865 541,077 832,569 1,017,475 58,376 382,874 405,958 431,129 810.557 33,632 5,351,994 1,189,224 935,500 807,448 WINNIPEG SALES-LOCAL WINNIPEG— TOTAL S.4LES Sales to Sales .Sales to I Sales Whole- to Whole- I to salers Retailers salers I Retailers Sales I Sales to to Whole- Retailers salers Retailer Eggs Creamery butter. Dairy butter Cheese Oleomargarine. . . Lard Lard compound . Beef, cured Beef, fresh Pork, cured Pork, fresh Mutton and lamb 116,320 52,197 14,776 60.973 .5.442 48.419 50.718 1,635 74,910 193,983 16.013 48.124 6.134 47.207 47.307 2.200 707.4241 111.921 285,592 63.854 480,539 172,786 282,069 321,091 289.779 30.586 146.816 187.526 67.495 26.876 346.704 221.007 183.633 119.666 1.635 3,050.532 380,985 1.853.413 202.595 320.008 112.185 17.400 .210.402 .136.877 280.421 128.965 107.386 213,014 28,691 71,596 21.694 173.939 107.250 2.200 976. 187 157.954 336,973 115,365 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 79 TABLE XIV. — Canadian Domestic Sales of Produce. July, 1918, to December, 1918, inclusive. — Concluded. STOCKS OF FOOD IX TRANSIT IN C.\NADA. JULY, 191S-DECEMBEH, 191S. Commodity Unit July August September October November December Doz. 876,050 107,103 1,923,004 1,278,560 1,843,246 218,028 Creamer^' butte r . . Lbs. 771,634 407,334 2,969,837 1,845,873 1,838,840 2,959,730 Dair\' butter 53,964 26,384 137,304 53,287 425,434 184,210 Cheese 3,833,969 473.786 1,184,715 1,469,159 1,288,433 988,980 Oleomargarine. 24,690 3,770 44,962 34,006 11,860 21,936 I^rd 27,439 58,865 54.575 50,905 37,168 54,861 Lard compound.. . . 43,876 98,346 265,996 282,187 393, 156 311,993 Beef, cured 15,660 12,298 1,696,756 2,200 1,860,550 146,101 Beef, fresh. 753,790 53,769 3,624,934 3,210,857 2,228,003 3,982,840 Pork, cured .134,381 217,744 241,952 99,308 191,417 260,610 Pork, fresh 142.670 28,212 95,106 14,504 12,626 29,545 " 1 12,727 5,562 30,961 4,226 126,848 TABLE XV. — Meat Supply in Principal Countries. ALL ANIMALS AND -MEAT.S. .\nimals on Farms. Present Consumption. Pre-war Foreign Trade. numbers (4 Year Average.) expressed as per- Present total Pre-war Present centage of Per estimated numbers. numbers. pre-war figures. Capita. quantity in lbs. for whole population. Exports. Imports. (June 30. 1914) (1919) C:inada . , Live... 11,529,123 17,546,039 152-19 (1910) - •137,101 •223,357 Dressed (Jan. 1, I9I4) (Jan. 1, 1920) - 137 1,177.241,000 .52.127,291 37,1S6,1,SS United Live 172,903,000 189,656,000 109-69 (1909) - 244.372 334,377 States. Dressed (June 4, 1914) (June 9, 1917) 170-6 17,542,168,345 1.1. 54.. 332, 294 7,071,014 United Live 43,970.545 42,988,302 97-77 [1909-13] - 2,421 82,585 Kingdoi 1. Dressed (Dec. 31, 1913) (June 30. 1918) " 126 5,699,183,490 29,732,784 2,549,995,112 France... Live 37,955,050 26,832,068 70-69 (1904) 235,597 1,287,231 Dressed (March 10, 1908) (April 7, 1918, Provisional) 79 J. 128. 519. 211 22,479,093 48,297,107 Italy Live 19,870.000 20,251,138 101-92 (1901) - 78,105 109,075 Dressed (Dec. 31, 1913) ~ 46-5 1,655. .307, 000 11,962,842 32,389,796 Belgium. ..Live 3,446,000 - (1902) - 229,5 Dressed (June. 1913) (August. 1918) - 70 529,997,090 17,514,143 41.811.54 Holland... .Live 4. 288. 821 3.291,329 70-74 (1902) - 327,031 - Dressed . (July 15, 1914) (Julv 15. 1918) 70 455,000,000 125,728.625 7,032,702 Denmark, Live — 5.474.476 3,214,653 .58-72 (1902) 136,513 22,7411 Dressed. (Dec. 31, 1913) (June 1, 1916) 76 210.905,776 304,191,327 12,332,510 Sweden. Live 4,677,000 5,177,024 110-69 (1902) 31,824 2,521 Dressed . (.Sept. 30, 1910) (Sept. 30. 1916) - 62 352,160,000 29,239,830 6,595,450 Norway... . Live 2,865,705 2. 621.. 553 91-48 (1902) - - 15,483 Dressed (1913) (1915) ~ 62 152,458.000 7.50.884 16,436,392 92,377,089 86.739,916 93-90 (1899) - 145,507 - Dressed " ~ 50 8,756,850,000 45,163,626 264,795 •Canadian Exports and Imports of Live Animals — Average 1912-14. 80 BUREAU OF STATISTICS n GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XV. Meal Supply in Principal Countries. Continued. ALL ANIMALS AND MEATS-Concluded. AniraalB on FarmB. as per- centage of pre-war figures. Consumption. Capita Present total o?,727 2,014 532 3,676 4,976 7,242 No. 156.094 1910-1911 121,354 1911-1912 58,153 1912-1913 1913-1914 35.635 210,002 1914-1915 183,889 19IS-1916 1916-1917 1917-1918 1918-1919 241,028 162,506 186,380 304.254 1909-1910 .... .... 88,236 9.672 5.950 5.356 13,324 35,293 74,350 43,545 114.031 94,029 22,871 36,925 15,468 8.404 7,219 7,539 20.128 15,679 20,674 26.102 111,107 46,597 21,418 13,760 20,543 42,832 94,478 59.224 134,705 120,131 166 310 88 28 316 343 82 263 7,580 11,290 35,844 .68,673 192.530 229,743 209,779 110,663 68,564 67,742 37,881 1,150 36,010 68,883 192,618 229.771 210.095 111,006 68,646 68,00.1 45.461 12,440 75,097 1910-1911 - 22,286 1911-1912 - 171,200 1912-1913 - 216,011 1913-1914 - 189.552 1914-1915 - 68,174 1915-1916 .... 25,832 1916-1917 - 8.781 1917-1918 I918-19I9 89,244 107,691 1909-1910 : 390 3,335 1,358 654 28,207 243,311 9,925 1,501 15,647 32,053 23 99 26 54 190 68 6 51 69 31 Lbs. 1 2,760 1,945 2,918 5,607 9,055 3,830 1,519 1,885 2,868 3,047 1910-1911 _ 1911-1912 _ 1912-1913 - 1913-1914 _ 1914-1915 _ 1915-1916 1916-1917 1917-1918 191S-1919 : LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XVI ^b I. ^Exports and Imports of Live Stock by Values. < CATTLE. Eiports Imports Xet Exports Fiscal Vcir One year old or less Over one year old Total For im- provement of stock X.O.P. Total 1909-1910....; 34.534 15,494 3,116 53,824 252,078 416,038 627,005 924,402 687, 7M 723,463 S 10,767,622 8,521,979 4,095,063 2,183,311 7,654,716 8,851,496 11,998,755 6,959,440 13,441,150 29,346,027 S 10,792,156 8,537,473 4,098,179 2,237,135 7,906,794 9,267,534 12,625,760 7,883.842 14,136,944 30.069,490 S 48,338 71,766 68,6.59 101,173 76,025 57,333 48,976 127.948 391,491 377,608 $ 25,150 55,621 61,829 141.783 W3.732 42.255 ^ 16,422 95,490 194,285 3.51,545 S 73,488 127,387 130.488 242,956 269,757 99,588 65,398 223.438 585,776 659,153 S 1910-1911... 1911-1912. 1912-1913.. 1913-1914 19H-1915 1915-1916 1916-1917.. 1917-191S.. 8,410,086 3,967,691 1.994,179 7,637,037 9,167.946 12,560.362 7,660.404 13,551. 16.S 29,410,337 1909-1910 1910-1911 1911-1912 1912-1913 1913-1914 1914-1915 1915-1916 1916-1917 1917-1918 191S-1919 416,909 48,287 27.276 30.078 70,719 211,7141 444,260; 332,345 1,376,553 1,192,766 190,831 238,550 95.203 51,175 57,774 74,898 149,505 173.094 329.464 417,096 607,740 286.837 122,479 81,253 128,493 286.612 593.765 495.439 706.016 609.862 131,492 229,759 578,055 826.677 630,879 363,051 232,295 244.709 135.686 237.410 .579.890 627.677 643.990 .368.159 333.345 251.516 472,054 49,427 - 457,411 - 646,424 - 515,497 - 81,547 360,420 243,923 1,522,626 1,459,541 1909-1910. 1910-1911. 1911-1913., 1912-1913. 1913-1914. 19U-1915. 1915-1916. 1916-1917. 1917-1918. 1918-1919. : _ 7,844 439 2,140 2,569 5.275 - - 49,403 3.534 1,169 4,693 44,710 - - 10,028 90- 310 1.217 8,811 - - 5,162 2,429 450 2,879 2.283 - - 446,430 5,085 843 5,928 440.503 - 3,117,005 1.964 795 2,759 3,114.246 - 70,710 220 193 413 70,297 - 32.570 2,194 1,036 3,220 29.350 - 383, 736 3.842 926 4,768 378.968 " 760,040 3,232 1,351 3.583 756.457 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XVII. — Summary of Canadian Foreign Trade in Provisions. PORK (Pounds). Canadian British Total Exports to United Total Net Total Calen- Exports Imports Exports Imports dar Kingdom Year 1909-1910 .';n.ni!).9S0 50.336,893 25,203,452 25,626,498 918,630,160 1909 lOKHlOll i-,ii,47i,:'6i 60,020.697 20.098,720 40,372,541 755,115,872 1910 1911-1912 ii.'.::is.ui2 61,574,804 25,377,913 37,360,128 933,608,8le 1911 1912-1913 :!;i,:'.i7,oi.5 38,425,543 35,918,951 3.338,064 879,025, 16« 1912 1913-1914 ■.>7,i-.sr,,759 25,376,478 24,921,168 2,765,591 946,757,872 1913 lflM-1915 iis,7;i7,r,.'i5 88,800,633 10,715,473 108,022,082 988,328,432 1914 191S-1916 liii;,M,s,,s>)l 161,729,754 60,606,55: 106.212,33* 1,186,132,516 1915 1916-1917 i;27,lW'.l.li04 223,534,500 96,704,657 130,304,947 1,261,082,032 1916 2I7,«9S,023 162,673.305 212,806,513 152,435,257 89,791,037 16,544,206 127,906,986 146,128,999 1,056.396,432 1.668,828,448 1917 1918 BEEF (Pounds). 1909-1910 . . . . 1,318,397 974,411 948,771 1,570,979 13,133,205 18,828,257 47,422,564 45,646,176 86,565,104 127.113.294 828,140 482,371 274,419 782,920 190,787 1.. 3.30, 282 13,912,371 15,179,195 32,768,400 91,791,877 1,446.302 1,170,649 1,976,949 1,628.564 6.204.842 1.783,936 9,343.276 11.627.282 13.390.319 1,891.713 - 127,905 - 196,238 -1,028,178 - 57,585 6,928,363 17,044,321 38,079,288 33,918,894 73,174.785 125,221,581 737,358,608 846,392.400 905,979,984 968,251,872 1,108,921,184 1,083,914,720 1,169,330.960 978.218,752 865,087,328 1.060,765,328 1909 1910-1011 1910 1911-1912 1911 1912-1913 1913-1914 . 1914M915 1915-1916 1916-1917 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918-1019 1918 JIEATS, CANNED AND PKESERVED (Pounds). 1,696,718 418.745 238,403 1,685,833 393,999 191,454 1,123,094 2,237,057 3,450,722 573,624 - 1,818,312 - 3,212.319 : 1909 1910 1911 1912-1913 :;4.93; 244,732 4,037,730 - 3,782,793 - 1912 1913-1914 . 638,583 279,922 3,802,589 - 3,164,006 - 1913 9,882,662 6,039,495 2,188,392 7,694,270 - 1914 1915-1916 11.031,893 9,759,909 1,229,524 9,802,369 - 1915 1918-1917 6,676,094 4,287,392 1.257,426 5,418.668 - 1916 1917-1918 13.422,624 1,549,2.54 1,142,536 12,280,098 - 1917 1918-1919 14,140,717 7,546,825 932,660 13,208.057 ' 1918 BUTTER (Pounds). 4.615,380 3,142,682 8,844,402 828,323 1,228.753 2.724.913 3,441,183 7,990,435 4,926,154 13,659,157 2.595,357 1,733,060 7,458,936 681 138.349 585.605 1,950,937 7,121,568 3,311,591 9.915,131 393.582 1,227.390 3,874,587 7,989,269 7,317,259 6,832,540 4,309.831 997,335 434,049 1,939,062 4,221,798 1.915,292 4.969,815 - 7.160,946 - 6.088,506 - 4,097,627 - 868,648 6,993,100 4.492,105 11,720.095 445,034,944 484,460,368 581,901.504 448,577,808 463,571.136 446,230,848 431,631,760 243,646,480 202,329,792 176,809,696 1909 1910 1911 1912-1913 1912 1913 1914 1915 1910 1917 1918 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XVII. — Summary of Canadian Foreign Trade in Provisions — Concluded. CHEESE (Pounds). Total Exports Exports to United Kingdom Total Imports Calen- dar Year 1909-1910. I910-I9U I9I1-I912. 1912-1913. 1913-1914 1914-1915 1915-1916 1916-1917. 1917-1918 1918-1919, 80.959.) S1.S95.: ii:;,4-,0.l 683,778 866,653 919, 189 1,495,758 1,512.108 1,162,465 971.821 783.221 S43.269 172.913 180,176,108 181,029,071 162.531.495 153,720,634 142.966,232 136,439,196 167.989,762 179.948.205 169.1S7,4S4j 152,0:$4,0»4! 267,690,080 275,110,080 263,012,512 258,584,144 257,302,080 272,592,768 304,372,032 291,661.888 329.959,392 263.995.536 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 EGGS (Dozen). 1909-1910. 160,650 33.465 884,078 - 723.428 177,104,310 1909 1910-1911 92,164 7,067 2,378,640 - 2,286,476 183,441,370 1910 1911-1912 203,231 129,830 7,552,248 - 7,349,017 190,378,970 1911 1912-1913 147,419 51,294 13,240,111 -13,092,692 190,850,320 1912 1913-1914. 124.002 - 11,274,036 -11,150,034 215,799,500 1913 1914-1913 '^' , ^9'- , sM'.t 3,100,247 4,534,611 - 941,712 179,048,050. 1914 1915-1916 7 ^','^ "522 7.365,884 3.783.952 4.114.370 102,460,260 1915 1916-1917 .i.lrt...M:i 4,843,115 3.038.843 2.128,500 66,063,770 1916 1917-1918 4. )> 96. 793 4,056,232 4.274.452 622,341 49,224,030 1917 1918-1919 733.445 632,921 1,755,122 - 1,021.677 26,364,150 1918 MUTTOX (Pounds I 1909-1910 70.232 _ 2,094,023 - 2.023.791 347,329,104 1909 1910-1911 17.865 _ 2.708,161 - 2,690,296 622,296,080 1910 1911-1912 49. 107 - 3,950,805 - 3.901,698 613,156,768 1911 1912-1913, 45.914 - 5,649.118 - 5,603,201 576,163,616 1912 1913-1914 65.167 - 3.610,812 - 5,545,645 606.649,456 1913 1914-1915 1,064.963 - 3,451,812 - 2.386,849 589,232,560 1914 1915-1916 99.593 — 2, 841, ass - 2,742.245 533,936,368 1915 1916-1917 167,993 89,249 2,438,104 - 2,290,111 412,201,776 1916 1917-1918 835.517 184,513 2.298,630 - 1,443,113 293,475,168 1917 1918-1919 1,933,308 10,645 5.928,089 - 3.994,781 238,095,536 1918 WOOL (Pounds). 1909-1910. 1910-1911. 1911-1912. 1912-1913 1913-1914 1914-1915 1915-1916. 1916-1917. 1917-191S. 1918-1919. 490,404 7,427 780.024 6,422 299,167 7,195 697,390 9,209 448,957 7,252 560 13,193 155 21,140 - 14,581 - 11,537 277,100 15,876 i. 106.333 1.225.471 1.448.100 :, 232. 564 .410.935 ,534,016 i. 594. 608 1.744,393 961,369 1,994,899 803.432.548 797.418.403! 794.314,8301 806. 833. 687' 800.330.815! 712.618.116; 926.380.036 618,946,684 623.232.601 413.433,747 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XVIII. -Wholesale Prices in Canada. CATTLE BEEF A^ontgc Trice Choice Butchers Montreal Choice Steers Toronto Western Butchers Prime Winnipeg Choice Butchers CalBar>- American Plato Ualilax Canadian Choice Plate HalUai Canadian Plate Montreal Dressed Hind- quarters Toronto 1014 $ per cwt. 8-375 8-400 8-331 8-623 8-445 8 -938 8-675 8-875 8-730 8-190 7-723 7-875 S-446 7-873 7-75 7-855 8-063 8-675 8-750 8-788 8-775 8031 7-531 7-350 S-03I 8-121 7-905 7-644 8-038 8-969 9,550 10-0 9-4 8-488 8-125 7-875 8-0 9-063 8-790 10-025 10-688 10-969 11-750 12-438 11,688 10-9 10-625 10-5 10-373 10-125 10-33 10-826 10-7 11-125 11-125 11-656 13-13 14-25 - 12-001 { per cwt. 8.688 8-294 8-155 7-994 8-338 8-290 8-450 8-555 8-719 8-231 8-050 7-813 8-292 7-888 7-659 7-580 7-613 8-105 8-294 8-625 8-435 8-031 7-794 7-903 7-963 7-994 7-915 7-875 8-006 8-45 9-115 9-906 8-04 8-125 8-019 7-885 7-875 8-7 8-42 9-445 10-219 10-944 11-275 11-625 11-406 11-395 11-975 11-419 11-250 11-5 11-675 U-154 11-688 11-469 11-856 13-25 14-61) 14-594 13-719 13-938 13-95 13-25 13-0 14-1 13-288 t per cwt. 7-123 7-338 7-422 7-450 7-388 7-435 7-094 7-050 7-000 6-188 5-865 6-188 6-961 6-70 6-825 6-96 7-444 8-59 8-313 7-1 7-111 6-6 6-363 6-545 H-344 7-116 6-9 7-313 7-531 7-906 8-43 9-231 7-875 7,075 0-763 6-463 6-688 7-344 7-45 8-8 9-75 9-813 10-750 10 094 11-313 10-23 9-0 9-73 9-345 9-844 9-870 9-978 10-656 11-083 10-938 11-917 14-438 14-813 14-561 13-688 13-813 13-125 12-406 11-250 12-724 } per cwt. 6-735 0-950 7-215 7-150 7-305 7-406 7031 6-385 6-813 6-575 0-200 5-933 0--814 6-063 6-656 7 -000 7-138 7-88 7-906 7-269 6-805 6-419 5-738 3-91 6-088 6-751 6- 356 6-945 7-338 7-365 7-913 8-269 6-350 6-375 6-355 6-638 7-125 7-073 7-71 8-706 8-806 9-063 9-619 9-625 8-275 7-781 8-45 9-45 9-208 9-675 8-853 8-75 9-875 9-925 11-375 12-373 11-873 U-O 11-625 11-5 U-O 10-875 11-25 10-952 $ per bbl. 24-5 24-5 24-5 24-5 24-5 24-5 23-0 28-0 27-0 27-0 27-0 25-36 27-0 27-0 25-0 25-0 24-0 24-0 23-5 24-0 24-0 24-0 24-5 24-5 24-708 24-3 24-5 24-5 24-5 24-5 25-23 25-75 25-75 ■ 25-75 26-5 32-0 25-773 32-0 32-0 . 34-0 37-333 380 38-0 38-0 36-0 37-0 39-0 38-0 38-0 36-304 39-5 40-0 40-0 40-500 41-0 41-0 42-0 43-0 43-0 43-0 44-5 46-0 41-938 S per bbl. 24-23 23-23 22-5 24-0 24-0 23-0 23-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 24-2 250 23-0 25-0 23-0 20-0 20-0 21-0 21-0 21-0 21-0 24-5 24-5 22-583 24-3 24-5 24-5 24-5 25-0 25-5 26-5 26-5 26-5 27-05 30-0 23-935 30-0 30-0 31-5 34-666 36-0 36-0 36-0 36-0 36-0 37-666 38-0 38-0 35-077 39-3 400 40-0 41-3 43-0 43-0 43-0 44-0 43-0 470 47-0 47-0 43-333 t per 200 lb. bbl. 21-5 22-0 22 0 220 22-0 22-0 23-5 25-3 25-5 25-5 25-5 25-5 ■ 23-46 210 21-0 21-73 22-0 22 0 22-0 22-0 220 22-75 22-9 24-5 25-3 22-37 26-3 28-3 28-5 30-0 34-0 34-5 34-555 35-0 31-106 % per cwt. 13-375 March .\pril.. . May. June July... .St-ptfll.l.r! ijct.jln-r Novenil.ir 14-50 15-563 - 16-2 16-0 16-0 15-3 14-0 13-7 Vearlj- Average 1915 13-063 .M:inli ' ...... 13-25 Max ... June hilv .\uini.M , .■^epleniber ' >ctober November . . Yearly Average 1916 January Februar.v . March AprU... May June July 15-2 15-0 15-375 15-35 15-0 14-73 14-0 13-5 14-26 13-5 13-125 13-563 14-5 16-3 17-25 14-438 16-75 14-38 1917 16-0 17-0 March 17-0 18-4 Mav 20-875 19-5 July 19-05 August .-: 19-0 19-0 17-8 17-0 18-6 18-259 1918 21-75 22-125 21-0 April 22-6 May 28-5 30-625 July 27-7 23-5 24-4 24-0 23-0 24-250 24-450 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XVIII.— Wholesale Prices in Canada— Continued. CATTLE BEEF Average Price Choice Butchers Montreal Choice Steers Toronto Western Butchers Prime .Winnipeg Choice Butchers Caliarj- American Plate Halifax Canadian Choice Plate Halifax Canadian Plate Montreal Dressed Hind- quarters Toronto 1919 $ per cwt. 12-5 12-041 13-286 14-786 14-75 13-5 12-214 13-0 11-625 10-208 12-883 12-799 % per cwt. 14-53 15-625 15-4 14-875 14-75 13-725 14-0 13-875 13-35 13-063 13-03 13-325 14- 129 i per cwt, 11-25 12-75 13-0 13-550 13-25 12-5 11-5 11-25 10-75 10-375 $ per cwt. 12-66 11-9D0 13-736 13-358 14-5 % per cwt. 46-0 45-5 45-0 45-0 45-0 45-0 45-0 45-0 39-0 36-0 32-0 31-0 38-375 % per bbl. 470 44-25 43-0 43-0 43-0 43-0 42-0 410 35-0 36-5 33-0 30-5 ■ 40-104 S per 200 lb. bbl. % per cwt. 24-0 March April 28-0 May 27-2 July 28-5 10-125 10-69 12-563 December , Januarj' Febniar>- March April May June , July ^ August September October November December Yearly Average 1915 January February March April May June July August. -- September October... Xovember .... December Yearly Average. . January' . . Februarj- March .\pril -May June July August . . September October November December Yearly Average. 1916 Dressed Fore- quarters 12-5 12. 123 11-345 11-25 11-0 11-3 11-25 11-25 12-125 11-875 11-2 10-813 11-495 Winnipeg S per cwt. 9-875 12-375 12-375 11-875 12-250 11-875 11-875 11-875 12-25 12-25 12-25 12-25 11-948 9-75 9-4 9-125 11-1 11-25 11-313 11-025 10-5 10-25 10-1 10-0 10-353 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-5 11-5 11-75 11-66 10-25 9-625 10-4 10-75' 12-0 10-72 12-2^ 12-375 11-500 11-875 12-375 12-375 12-3 12-3: 12-375 12-3; 12-125 12-25 12-218 11-875 11-875 11-8- 11-873 14-25 14-25 14-23 14-25 14-23 14-25 12-958 Veal Toronto 13-5 13-5 13-5 13-375 13-23 13-25 12-0 10-75 10-30 10-625 11-1 10-73 10-50 10-0 10-25 11-375 10-3 10-87 11-325 11-5 11-75 12-73 12-75 12-73 12-75 12-73 12-875 13-373 12169 Toronto S per cwt. 12-5 12-5 12-4 11-286 12-0 11-51 12-025 12-5 12-75 10-28 10-5 9-781 12-048 10-75 10-75 10-425 11-094 11-9 12-623 12-375 12-575 12-625 13-475 12-9 12 13-575 13-875 14-75 15-23 14-25 14-73 13-875 13-313 15-050 14-875 15-5 14-649 8-825 8-764 8-300 8-513 S-764 8-75 9-429 8-923 8-463 S-469 9-278 9-592 10-24 10-76 10-707 10-338 10-8 11-686 11-338 10-35 10-46 11-158 10-542 S per bbl. 28-3 28-5 28-5 30-0 30-0 300 30-0 30-0 29-042 24-0 24-0 24-0 9-375 8-125 9-125 S-123 9-0 9-5 10-175 10-950 10-75 9-75 10-75 11-85 25-0 25-0 31-0 31-0 38-0 3«-5 32-583 Hea\'3- Canadian Short Cut mess 29-0 29-0 29-0 29-0 29-0 27-875 28-6 29-5 29-5 29-0 26-0 32-837 26-438 27-25 28-5 28-167 27-571 27-25 28-05 28-25 28-25 27-312 30-375 31-375 32-188 90 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XVIII. — Wholesale Prices in Canada — Continued. BEEF VEAL HOGS PORK Dressed P.E.I. Hea>-y Fore- Dresned Dresaed Dressed Select Choice Mesa quarters No. 1 Veal Hoc. Hogs HoKs Pork Cut MeSM Toronto \Vinni|ieg Toronto Toronto Toronto Winnipeg Halifax Montreal Ipcrcwt. S per cw-t. S per cnt. % percwt. 1 percwrt. S per cwt. tperbbl. $ per bbl I'.UT 12-95 14-25 13-5 17-0 12-525 12-04 38-5 39-7 140 14-25 14-0 18-750 13-68 13-56 39-0 40-5 March 14-25 14-5 140 19-125 14-85 14-5 40-5 42 0 April i&y 15-6 16-25 140 20-200 15-593 14-931 44-833 45-3 16-0 18-75 14-563 22-030 lfi-25 15-975 48-0 53-75 15-5 16-75 15-438 20-.563 14-75 15-05 48-5 55-57 Julv 14-25 11-75 12-563 13-9 14-0 16-75 16-75 16-75 15-55 14-5 16-0 16-0 16-5 17-0 17-0 21-100 22-125 23-900 23 -.500 23-500 15-35 16-4 17-063 16-9 lG-25 14-917 16-822 17-925 18-972 15-313 48-5 48-5 51-5 .52-833 535 54-4 51-5 52-0 53-1 525 13-3 14-688 17 0 22-700 16-92S 16-875 56-5 52. 5 Yearly Average 14-17S 15-582 15-434 21-109 15-530 15-347 47-3 49.327 1918 17-0 16-875 16-875 17-2 18-0 200 18-1 : 17-563 18-125 19-25 19-25 19-25 .19-438 19-75 23-5 23-750 24-750 25-600 26-375 25-030 24-500 17-875 17-813 19-094 19-525 19-210 17-23 17-231 18-25 18-5 20-0 19-5 20-0 17-5 17-5 56-5 56-5 56-5 58-25 60-0 60-0 60-0 52-5 .- 1 " 52-5 March 53-5 57-5 .\ray 57-75 JuSe 58-0 July 56-4 16-5 19-5 24-500 18-91 19-75 60-0 56-0 16-5 - 20-7 25-100 18-475 190 60-0 - October 16-5 - 20-7 25-500 17-669 ISO 58-0 - 16-5 - 21 0 23-500 17-464 17-5 58-0 53-0 17-75 - 21-5 23-500 17-35 17-75 .54 0 60-0 17-317 - 19-670 24-631 18-155 18-604 58-146 55-715 1019 17-75 31-5 23-75 16-125 16-25 54-0 80-0 17-5 21-0 220 16-375 16-25 54-0 52-0 -March 17-4 - 21-0 23-1 17-975 18-125 540 52-0 April 18-0 - 21-0 25-625 20-625 19-938 54-0 52-0 Mav is-n - 18-5 26-5 21-188 20-917 57-333 57-5 June ISO 18-5 28-4 21-55 21-5 64-0 57-5 Julv 16-0 21-875 29-25 22-91 22-25 640 59-75 16-0 21-875 29-25 22-25 21-833 60-0 60-0 16-0 21-875 27-7 17-85 18-375 60-0 60-0 16-0 22-5 25-0 16-844 17-1 51-0 52-75 14-0 - 22-0 23-0 15-97 15-8 50-0 52-0 15-880 22-0 21-5 15-875 15-938 50-0 51-5 Yearly Average 16-628 ' 21 135 25-423 18-711 18-670 56-028 55-543 PORK L\RD SHEEP MUT- • L.\MB FOWLS TON .\veruge Price Bacon. English Hams, Boneless Medium Pure, in Ewes, Dressed Dressed Fowls Dressed Breakfast sue Tierces Light Mutton Lambs Fowls Montreal Montreal Toronto Toronto Toronto Toronto Montreal Montreal I'JH els. per lb. cts.perlb. cts.perlb. ( per cwt. % per cwt. $ per cwt. cts. per lb. cts.perlb. Januarv 18-0 18-3 14-2 6-25 11-0 16-5 12-3 16-3 18-0 18-0 14-4 6-594 11-0 17-25 12-0 17-4 March 17-9 18-0 14-3 6-675 11-25 17-25 ISO April . 17-3 18-0 13-4 7-125 11-0 7-25 - 18-0 Mav 17-3 18-0 12-9 7 156 11-0 14-625 - 18-0 June 17-3 18-0 12-6 5-775 11-0 123-0 - 18-0 Julv 16-9 18-0 11-9 5-719 11-4 20-625 - 17-3 200 19-4 12-5 5-923 11-2 ISO - 17-0 September 20-8 19-8 131 5-813 Il-O 15 5 - 17-0 19-8 18-5 12-9 5-688 Il-O 14-123 - 14-0 Xovember .... 183 18-5 12-5 5-625 11. 0 14-2 - I2-S 17-6 17-0 11-8 5-5 11. 0 14-25 10-5 12-0 Vearly average .. 18-3 18-3 13-0 6-149 11-091 16-995 11 5 16-3 t June 1914, quoted as spring Iamb. LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XVIII. — Wholesale Prices in Canada — Continued. PORK Hams, Mediun Size LARD SHEEP L.4MB January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly average. . January February March April May June July ; August September October November December Yearly average. . January February March April May June July August September October November December Yearly average. January February March April May June July August S^tember October November December Yearly average. January February March April May Jane July August Seotember October November December Yearly average. (*s. per lb 17-0 170 170 lS-3 '190 200 200 19-6 191 19-9 200 20-0 200 20-6 21-3 25-3 25-3 25-3 2o-5 280 280 28-4 32-2 34-0 34-3 350 35-4 38-9 40-5 40-5 33-6 40-3 40-5 40-5 40-7 410 41-5 41-7 41-8 41-8 42-5 42-0 43-5 43 8 44-9 46-6 49-4 48-2 44-6 43-9 40-4 44 0 16-4 16-3 16o 170 17-9 17-9 18-1 18-3 19-2 19-5 21-0 230 23-3 240 24 0 24-0 24-2 25-8 260 26-6 28-0 290 29-2 28 -8 29-3 30-3 31-5 30-4 31-0 33-0 348 35-5 35-8 34-8 32-5 34-5 37-3 38-0 405 428 43-9 11-9 11-9 11. 9 12-1 12-4 12-8 120 121 12-2 13. 8 13-8 13-8 154 27-4 271 25-7 25-9 270 27-3 28-3 29-4 30-0 31-3 31-5 31-3 30-7 30-8 30. 8 39- 1 35-2 33-3 31-3 33-5 29-3 32-2 29-3 36-9 31-3 8-281 8-719 8-75 10-85 8-875 7-75 8-063 7-313 7-594 8-425 9-031 8-356 9-53 10-313 10-688 11-275 15-6: 13-188 11-35 11-5 11-125 Il- ls-625 14-is 11-880 15-25 14-75 14-5 15-1 15-42 16-063 14-208 14-125 14-125 12-938 10-313 9-550 13-862 10-2: 10-0 12-0 14-0 15-066 11-0 10-23 9-73 8-5 8-5 8-375 8-73 10-534 U-0 U-O 11-2 120 13-6 12-625 13-0 13-0 12-5 12-0 11-4 12-6 13-25 14-625 15-0 15-0 15-0 150 15-0 13-0 15-0 15-0 13-0 15-0 13-0 17-0 17-0 16-23 16-0 16-0 16-25 170 17-0 17-0 15-837 17-0 17-5 21-0 21-3 22-3 22-3 200 20-0 20-0 20-25 20-5 20-3 20-5 18-75 16-0 14-3 14-5 14-5 18-333 18-65 19-0 19-938 20-25 20-5 20-5 21-9 21-25 17-875 17-5 18-0 19-438 19-590 28-25 28-25 29-0 29-4 31-0 33-0 31-75 30-0 26-5 26-5 22-5 22-3 28-221 28-1 29-0 30-5 30-5 30-5 22-5 21-0 22-0 32-5 32-5 31-0 35-5 36-0 33-0 33-0 33-3 r June 1915 quoted as spring Iamb. BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XVIII.— Wholesale Prices in Canada— Continued. FOWLS CHICKENS TURKEYS Average Price Dressed Dressed Fowls Chickens Dressed Chickens Turkeys Dressed Turkeys Toronto Winnipeg Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Montreal Montreal Toronto 1914 cts.perlb cts.perlb cts.perlb cts.perlb cts.perlb cts.perlb cts.perlb cts.perlb Jnnuftry 13-8 12-5 250 16. 1 16-5 19-9 21-3 20-3 Februarj- 150 11-0 250 170 14-5 19-0 22-2 21-0 .March. .-. 160 140 250 19-1 160 24-5 23-0 21-7 -April... -M&y 170 13 0 250 ■ 200 160 - 23-0 19-5 1 I--0 140 250 20-0 10. 0 _ 23-0 19-5 June l(i.4 12-5 250 21-7 100 _ 22-8 19-9 July 14-3 ^ 250 2G'0 - - 23-0 19-0 .\ugust I4'4 - 21-7 23-6 _ _ 23-0 18-0 yepteniin t , . 140 17-9 15. g _ - 23-0 18-0 iJctooer , 140 110 13-5 13-0 - ~ - 18-0 Xovemli.r 11-3 120 12-6 140 _ 17.0 15-0 191 December 110 - 11-5 140 12-5 15-9 15-8 15-6 Yearly .\verage.. 14 r 12-5 211 48-6 13-6 19-4 21-5 19-2 191.^> January 110 _ 14-5 140 12-5 190 21-1 21-0 February 12^ per gal. 230 26-5 230 265 23-0 26-5 230 26-5 230 250 - 230 - 250 - 26-0 28 0 26 0 20-9 300 21-3 300 26-6 300 23-0 26- S 310 - 31 0 - 31-0 - 31 0 _ 300 _ 300 - 300 _ 30-0 - 320 _ 32-0 — 35-0 - 35-0 "■ 31-5 350 - 35-0 _ 33-0 - 350 _ 30-0 - 30-0 _ 30-0 - ' 30-0 _ 30-0 - 35-0 - 40-0 - 40-0 - 33-8 t pcrcwt. ct«. per gal. cts per lb. cU.perlb. cta.perib 35-0 350 35-0 30-0 30-0 30-0 35-0 35-0 35-0 40-0 40-0 45-0 35-4 45-0 45-0 45-0 45-0 45-0 45-0 50-0 50-0 50-0 50-0 .50-0 30-0 30-0 30-0 50-0 50-0 500 50-0 50-0 50-0 550 550 33-0 35-0 44-5 44-5 45-0 43-5 38-3 42-3 45-0 47-0 48-6 48-5 45' 1 48-3 49-5 49-5 51-5 50-0 49-0 48-5 48-5 49-0 51-3 .54-3 56-3 50-5 58-0 57-0 59-0 56-5 54-5 570 58-5 60-2 67-5 72-5 40-2 40-8 37-5 34-0 39-8 46-3 45-0 450 41-8 40-9 41-0 41-0 41-0 41-0 410 41-5 39-0 38-5 400 46-3 46-3 46-3 46-5 46-3 48-3 54-8 48-6 44-0 44-0 45- 1 49-5 BUITKR CHEESE EGGS .Vverage Price Creamerj* Solids Toronto Dairy Prints Toronto Fancy Dairj- Winnipeg Western Ck)loured Montreal Fresh Halifax Hennery St. John Fresh Montreal New Laid in Cartons Toronto 1914 January- , Febru.ir\ April... -May June July cts. per lb. 2g.5 28-5 27-1 24-7 20-g 21-0 22-7 28-9 29-3 28-1 27-3 27-0 26-0 cts. per lb. 12-8 21-9 21-9 310 19-0 18-0 18-5 21-3 24-3 24-5 24-5 24-5 21-9 cts. per lb. 230 / 23-0 230 20-5 20-5 20-5 20-0 20-0 22-0 230 23-0 23-0 21-8 cts. per lb. 13-9 14-1 14-6 13-8 12-5 131 130 13-5 15-2 15-4 15-6 15-8 14-2 cts. per do2. 39-0 35-5 19-5 19-5 190 20-0 26-0 28-5 33-5 26-7 cts. per doi. 47-5 41-5 32-5 20-0 22-0 205 19-5 26-5 26-3 27-3 28-7 cts. per doi. 47- 1 37-1 33-0' 23-0' 25-8* 26-3' 26-5* 28-3' 28-5 34-0 42-4 .W-S 33-8 cts. perdoz. 41 -»t 42-6t 29-3t 21-Ot 21-6 22-8 25-5 September October : 29-9 33-5 •March to August "Selects." fJanuarj', Februarj-, March, .April not in cartons, price about 3c. Io»o LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XVIII. — Wholesale Prices in Canada — Continued. BUTTER CHEESE Kebruarj' March May....... ...'. June July August September October November December Yearly Average 27-0 26-S 2S-0 30-3 31-7 32-4 29-5 24-S 250 27-0 24-7 26-5 26 -.5 lb. 24-0 24-0 24-0 290 29-0 19-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 23-0 16-0 17-0 17-4 17-2 1".5 17-4 15-0 13-2 14-8 15-5 16-8 Fresh Halifax doz. 34-0 33-0 20-1 20-0 23-5 25-5 31-0 35-0 37-1 27-3 Henner.v St. John doz. 30-5 20-5 20-5 20.5 22-5 29-0 30.5 40.0 2S-3 Fresh Montreal cts. per doz. 42-8 38-8 2.5-1 22-1 24-3" 24-3 25-5 260 27-9 January February March .\pril May June July.. .4ugust . September October November December Yearly -\veragc 1917 January February- March April May June July August . . , September October November December Yearly Average . 33-0 28-9 28-5 28-9 32-0 35-0 39-0 41-9 41-3 42-5 41-7 41-5 39-5 37.5 40-8 42-S 44-1 44-5 44-6 41-9 .30-0 28-0 28-5 29-3 25-8 25-8 33-S 36-4 38-5 34.6 35-4 39-8 40-0 39-7 36-9 350 35-0 26-3 35.3 30.5 .33-0 37-3 38-8 40-0 42. 0 361 IS. 4 18-8 18-8 18-4 19-3 16-8 14-4 18-7 20-6 21-7 23-4 25-4 19-8 26-3 24-7 25-2 31-5 31-5 34-0 36-0 44-0 45. 0 33-6 460 47-5 41-0 33-7 40.0 38-0 31-0 43-0 47-3 490 49-5 500 43-0 55-0 34-5 32-5 25-5 22.5 24-5 29.0 31-0 37-0 400 42-5 320 50-0 42-5 36-9 .33-5 37-4 35-4 39-3 48-3 48-7 52-1 43-1 .33-2 29-6 26-1 27-3 28-9 350 36. 0 430 47-5 o6-l 67-5 39.5 66-6 58-2 39-0 38-3 44-0 42-5 45-0 51-7 .53 0 January February- March -■Vpril . , , May June July August September October November December Yearly Average. 46-5 48-0 49-0 45-0 46-5 49-5 36 0 35-5 37-0 40-5 40-5 40-0 40-0 40-0 42-6 45-5 46-0 46-0 21-8 23-0 23-0 23-0 23-0 23-0 25-0 .500 50-0 55-0 42-7 37-2 42-3 50-0 65-0 57-5 48-5 60-0 65-0 58-3 50-6 55-0 57-6 611 67-5 71-8 59-5 Januar.v February March . . . April ... May June July August September October November December Yearly Average . 46-0 46-0 46-0 50-0 43-5 48-0 47-5 48-5 49-5 52-0 56-5 25-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 65-0 58-5 40-5 42-3 48-3 48-0 44-2 48-3 53-6 53-7 61-8 63-3 66-0 69-3 80-5 91-9 63-3 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XVIII. -Wholesale Prices in Canada -Continued. Averegt* Price EGGS Selects Toronto Storage Toronto Fresh Winnippeg WOOL No. 1 Inspected Steers and Cows HIDES Calf- skins Green No.l 1914 Januar>' February March .\pril May June July .Vugust September October November December Yearly Average. 19IS Jmiuury Februarj- March .Vpril -Atay June July ■August .September.. October Xovember December Yearly Average. 1916 Jill February -March .\pril -\ky June July August September October November December Y'early Average. 1917 January. February -March -\pril -May June July -August September October November December Yearly Average . 191S January February -March April -May June Jul>- August September October November December Yearly Average. 31-0 31-7 32-5 30-0 31-6 31 0 23-2 21-5 21-9 23-0 23-5 24-3 25o tai-i t32-5 t33-3 26-S 28-4 24-3 24-4 27-1 29-3 29-4 35-0 42 -S 51-0 54-8 .■54-9 55-5 41-0 38-9 29-4 28-0 24-0 43S 43-2 43-3 47-8 sO'O 41-U 48-5 49-9 53-6 54-0 57-3 48-8 36-5 330 30 0 180 190 200 19-0 17-0 19-5 20-5 20-5 22-0 45-0 40-0 30-0 16-5 IS-O 16-0 15-5 14-5 18-0 22-0 25-0 39-0 25-0 37-5 37-5 22-5 19-5 19-5 300 35-0 50-0 50-0 33-5 500 50. 0 45-8 30-6 36-5 35-0 28-4 34-0 38-5 44-5 44-4 58-0 41-2 26-5 26-5 26-5 26-5 29-5 30-5 30-5 33-5 38-5 41-0 410 42-5 42-0 430 43-5 43-5 43-9 67-3 67-5 82-5 82-5 87-5 87-5 90-5 90-5 90-5 19-5 19-5 19-5 19-5 20-0 20-0 20-0 22-0 24-5 ,22-5 21-3 29-0 31-0 31-0 32-0 32-0 32-0 32-0 32 0 31-0 305 32-0 35-5 33-3 33-5 33-5 33-5 33-5 32-7 33-5 33-5 40-0 40-0 44-0 510 570 59-0 590 39-0 .59-0 59-0 59-5 59-5 60-5 60-5 61-5 64-0 660 660 71-5 71-5 71-5 71-5 65-3 13-5 13-3 14 0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-5 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-5 150 14-1 150 14-0 14-0 14-0 150 18-0 180 18-0 18-0 16-1 18-5 18-5 18-5 19-3 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 25-0 22-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 22-0 22-0 20-5 22-0 22-0 20-0 20-0 20-0 20-9 16-5 16-3 17-3 17-3 160 16-0 160 160 18-0 16-0 150 15. 0 14-0 15-0 150 15-0 ISO lS-0 18-0 200 260 30-0 30-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 35-0 45-0 26-3 350 300- 25-0 250 32-0 27-0 27-0 27-0 27-0 23-0 23-0 23-0 27-0 ' No quotations. t October, November and December are "Select Storage". LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XVIII. — ^Wholesale Prices in Canada— Continued. EGGS Selects Toronto Storage Toronto Fresh Toronto WOOL No. 1 Inspected Steers and Cows cts. per 1919 January February March April - . May June July August September October November December... - . . Yearly Average 45 0 43.0 47-5 49-3 51-0 51-0 51-0 50-3 50-0 120 12-5 13-5 14-5 13-5 13-0 1914 Januarj- February . . March April May June July August S^tember.. October November. , December.. Yearly Average 1915 January Februarj- March April May June July. Augusi September October November December Yearly Average No. 1 Spanish Sole 39-0 39-0 39-0 39.0 39.0 390 39-0 39 0 39-0 39-0 39-0 39-0 39-0 Slaughter Sole Hea\->- Trimmed 41-5 440 440 44-0 440 42-3 44-0 440 440 44-0 44-0 44-0 44 0 44-0 440 44-0 440 440 44-0 Toronto cts. per lb. 390 390 39-0 39-0 39-0 390 39-0 39-0 40-3 40-5 40-5 43-5 43-3 49.5 49-5 51-0* 51-0 520 520 52-0 52-0 52-0 52-0 50-0 Heavy Uppers 1916 January- February March .\pril May June July August September October November December Y' early Average. 1917 Januars' February March April '. May June July August September October November December Yearly Average No. 1 Spanish Sole 390 39-0 44-5 No. I Slaughter Sole Heavy Trimmed Toronto B.59-3 62-5 62-5 77-5 S7-5) 61-4 Harness No. 1 U. 0. Heavy No. 1 R.) Uppers Toronto Toronto cts. per cts. per lb. lb. 52. 0 C.61.3 520 61-5 52-0 61-5 52 0 61-5 330 61-5 330 61-5 53-0 61-3 55-0 63-5 57-0 63-5 570 67-5 64-0 790 65-5 79-0 560 65-3) A. Quoted under "Spanish Sides No. 1". B. Quoted under "Trimmed Backs No. 1". C. Prices about 10c. per lb. below previous line. 67-3 67-5 67.5 67.5 675 67.5 67. 5 67-3 67-5 67-5 67-5 67-5 87-5 63-3 87-5 63-5 87-5 63-5 87-5 65-5 87-5 65-5 87-5 65-5 87-5 65-5 87-5 65-5 87-5 63-3 87-5 63-5 87-5 65-5 87-5 69-0 87-3 65-S 790 79-0 79-0 79-0 79 0 77-0 73-0 750 750 75-0 750 17c- BUREAU CF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XVIII.— Wholesale Prices in Canada— Continued. HIDES AND LEATHER. (Basedon quotations from the "Trade Bulletin," Montreal.) No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. Average Price Green Growl Green Calfskins Calfskins Lamb* Shoep. Hides Hides Hides No. 1 No. 2 skins skiDs 1917 cts. perlb. cts. perlb. cts. per lb. cts. per lb cts. perlb. J per akin. $ per skin. 25J 24 23 37 35 3-80 Februar.v. 25) 24 23 38 36 3-90 - March 2H 24 23 42] 40} 3-90 - .■Vpril Mav 26f 25 24 41 39 3-95 - 26} 25 24 38} 37} 3-95 - June...... 25J 24 23 32} 30} 3-90 - Julv 27 26 25 40 0-90 - 27 26 25 40 - 1-59 - .September. . . . 24 23 22 33} - 2-41} _ October — 24 23 22 27} - 3-33} Xovember 25i 24} 23} 32 29} - 4 07} December 24 23 22 31 2» - 4-50 Yearly average 25} 24} 23} 33} 33» 2-35H 3M} 191S January 21 20 19} 29 27} - 4-53} 18 17 16 30 27 - 450 March 17 16 15 33} 31} - 4 07} April 17} 16 15} 401 38} - 4-37} M.-IV 19J 18} 17} 48 46 - 4-68t 20 19 18 49} 47) - 4-75 Julv 21} 20J 19} 51} 49) — 4-75 22 21 20 50 48 - 2'9S September.. 22} 21} 20} 50 48 - 3-62} October 23 22 21 50 - - 3-47) November - - - - - - 3-23} December - - - - - - 2-«2} Yearly a\-erage 20} 19} IS} 43} ' 40} " 3M} Average Price. No. I Green Hides No. 2 Green Hides No. 3 Green Hides Calfskins Calfskins Kips Lamb- skins Sheep- skins Hides Bulls Hides 1919 cts. per lb. 21 22 27} 33} cts. per lb. 17 18 cts. per lb 15 17 20 25 cts. per lb. 43} 48} 52 59 69} 79 79! 75 75 75 73} cts. per lb. 20 - 28} 50 50 SO 50 41} S per skin 2-60 2-62} 2-50 300 3-30 t per skin 205 2 00 2-68} 309) 4 00 4 00 4 00 cts. perlb. J5 15 !^' 26} 26} 26 24 cts. per lb. 16}* 17' March 16}' Jun',- July 33 t 39 35 t 35 t 34 t 31 t Yearly average - - - 66} 41} 2-80} 217} 22} {J4I; fCows and Steers. LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TuBLE XVIII.— Wholesale Prices in Canada— Continued. HIDES AND LF-\THER (BiaeJ on quotations from th? "Trade Bulletin -\verage Price. Oak Bend.s No 1 Oak Bends No. 2 Oak Bends No. 3 Hemlock Bends No.l Hemlock Bends No. 2 Hemlock Bends No. 3 No.l Hemlock Sole No. 2 Hemlock Sole No. 3 Hemlock Sole 1917 Jtnuarv . Februar^• , . March ... April May June Julv. cts. per lb. S4 .S4 S4 84 84 82? 80| 78 75 83 83 cts. per lb. 79 79 79 79 79 ?s\ 75 75 75 761 80 cts. per lb. 74i 745 74 i ??! 70i 70J 705 72 75 cts. per lb. 80 80 80 80 80 78 77 76^ 76 76 77 80 cts. per lb. 76 76 76 76 76 741 721 72 72 72 73 75 cts. per lb. 72 72 72 72 72 701 68$ 68 68 68 681 70 cts. per lb. 575 575 585 61 61 59 58 59 57 57 57 57 cts. per lb. 555 555 55; 57 57 55S 55 575 555 555 555 555 cts. per lb. 525 525 525 545 54J 625 -August September 545 525 525 625 Yearly average 825 77i 72J 78i 7459 70)4 585 551 635 1918 January Februarj' March ... 83 83 83 S3 83 83 83 83 S3 83 83 83 80 80 SO SO 80 80 80 80 80 SO SO SO 75 75 75 75 75 72} 725 72 72 72 72 725 SO SO 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 SO 80 SO 75 , 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 575 575 575 575 56^ 555 555 555 55) 55 55: 55: 55i 55: 55 55 54 53 535 535 525 525 525 525 525 May July SOi 505 505 505 October November December Yearly average 83 80 735 SO 75 70 56!9 54% 51% 1919 Jiuiuarj' February March -\pril May June July .\ugust September October. .. 83 90 103 1-lOS 112 112 M2 1-lOi 80 SO 80 80 80 80 1-01 106J 109 1-09 1-09 l-07i 725 725 725 725 725 SO 95 lOOJ 1-03 103 103 1015 80 80 80 80 80 87 93 95i 98 98 98 965 75 75 75 75 75 83 90i 93 S 96 96 96 945 70 70 70 70 70 76 85? 895 92 92 92 905 555 555 555 555 555 58 595 60i 63 63 63 60J 535 535 535 535 535 56 575 5S| 61 61 61 595 505 505 505 November December : Yearly average 104! m 87! SSI 85! SOI .58 J 56J 505 17c— 7^ BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 TABLE XVIII. -Wholesale Prices in Canada Continued. HIDKS .\.\D I.l:.\THEIl. ( Based on quotnt ions from the "Trade Bulletin," Montreal.) Average Price. No. 1 Oak No. 2 Oak No. 3 Oak Prime Slaugh- tered Oak Waxed Upper Smooth Grain Box Grain Wax Splits. 1917 Januar\ Fcbruarx March ■ Aoril . M^y. Juno July .\ugust . September October November December cts. perlb. 60 60 m 99i S9i 58} 58 59 59 59 59 59 cts. per lb. 58 58 58 58 58 56i 55) S6i 56) S6i 56i 56i cts. per lb. 56 S6 56 56 56 54j 53| 53) 53 52 52 52} cts. per lb. 66 66 66 66 66 64 62 61 61 CI 61 61) cts. per lb. 79 79 79 79 79 77j 75| 75 75 75 75 75 cts. per ft. 37) 37* 37$ i?l IP 38 38 38 38 38 cts. per ft. 43 43 43 43 43 43 42) 42 42 42 42 42 ots.perlb. 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 Yearly average 59i 57J 541 63J 76J 37) 42H 38 191S January . February March April May June July August September October November December 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 65 64 S 63 63 63 56 i 56J 56) 56) 56) 56) 56) 63 62) 61 61 61 52J 52} 52J 52} 52} 52} 52J 59 58) 57 57 57 61) 61) 61 61) 61 61) 61 61) 61 61 61) 61) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 38 38 38 38 38 38 33 38 38- 38 38 38 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 39 34 34 34 34 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 Yearly average 602 58j 541 61) 75 38 39) 38 1919 January February March . , . April... May June July August. September October November 63 63 63 63 63 67i 69i If 73 73 7U 61 61 61 61 61 65) 661 67{ 70 70 70 69J 57 57 57 57 57 67} 64} 67 67 67 65) 59) 59) 59) 59) 59} 65) 68i 70 70 70 70 70 75 75 75 75 75 78 78) 78 78) 78 78 78) 38 38 38 38 38 43 54) 58 58 58 58 58 34 34 » 34 34 34 44 58) 63 63 63 63 63 38 38 38 38 38 41 44 45 45 45 45 45 675 65) 62J 65) 77) 48) 48} 41) LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c TABLE XVIII. — Wholesale Prices in Canada— Concluded . HIDES AN'D LEATHER (Based on quotations from the "Trade Bulletin," Montreal.) .\verage Price. Belting Butts shoulders on Belting Butts shoulders off Harness Skirtin 19 17 January February March , April May. , June July August September October November....! December $ per lb. 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 $pcr b. 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 cts. per lb. 63} 63: 63 63 63 61 61i 6U 61' 61 , 61 6H cts. per lb. 36 36 36 36 36 341 34 34 34 34 34 34 Yearly average — 1-40 1-60 62J 34? 191S January February March April May. June July August — September October November. . . December 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1.40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1.40 1-40 1-40 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 6H 61} 6M ^11 III 66} 66} 66} 66} 34 34 34 35 i 37 38 3S 38 38 38 38 38 Yearly average , . 1-40 1.60 63} 36} January Marcn. April May July August September October November December 1-40 1-40 1-40 1.40 1-40 1-40 1-435 1-45 1.45 1.45 145 1-45 1-60 1-60 1-60 1.60 1-60 1-60 1631 1-65 1-65 1.65 1-65 1-65 66} 66} 66} 38 38 38 38 38 34i 36" 37 37 37 37 37} Yearly average 1-42} 1-625 66} 37} BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 Xjll3|83 i o ^ I > % a T c ■S aimyi 9is »inss oiuojox i 11 |(!»|10O]{ 1 l| I ujMn8;jO[aBq3 =: I LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 104 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ^ «ooe««e-»o> eoooooet Nccr-^ca, 1 ^ ^S^SSr? Se^SconlS cS?4c4^m£o jsAnooiraA ^ CO U3 04 ■« 00 C4 OOOOW^lOO M O t* h- r- O ' "S d»r» oo«MO^ oeoooo-fO " M-9-'*««5 c^c404nc^» c^cscj«c-srt .C4B3|B3 jj car^ooMTOoo OQOcoocj— ooowjocm « S?SS5SS ss;;^^5 ^s?5S§gs aooiv^sBg ■g l^obot^r^^ lO-M -i-O— ro-t-to — .At» Bm89}£ ^ 0(000«0<»M -HMOO-^OO — O lOO-*- » :?sg5ss ssssss as ssss nopoBjg ^ WiOO — C-SOO -WOOtOOO 0 1 1 1 1 0 « S?^g?5S5 ?3SSS?S5J5 S ? SediuuT;^^ ^ OO^t^OOOOO COOOO-^O-H OOMOWCC '^ ^SS^SS S?5SSg§^ S?JS«^?? oraiinAl -IJ „• W«<«cO^.OS WJOMO — O 0M«0 — « " SSSSSS SSSSSS ssssss oijttpt eis^inBg ^ ^COO^O..^ OOC'.OOC', -n^O-O " ssssss ssssss ssssss uopnoT ^ OM)«r-«co t-oor-ooOM oo— iMc^ot^ ^ wcSS5l*^§ --Mto-j-Mr^ c» — looo-gj ojuojox ^ 0«0t~0« CXJiOOOOOM ^^«oo» "S ^«SSSS ^«^'^'^<^'^ obo-i-fiou^ cts. 30^8 344 38-4 474 63-0 614 20^2 22^0 25^2 336 35^3 30^5 18-5 20^0 23-0 30-0 30-9 37^6 BMBMO gj QOOONCOtJ* M M CI ifS -«- f- ■* «ft eO iffl t^ -* IBSi^noif ^ (OOwoo-H-,. o — -.Mirer- occo^i^o '^ «Jc«5S§ Sw««TOTO 222?5««M aaqanf) ^ l-r-Ot-OO OT!.K)c^ao« OM-(m=:m o ;;?5s;3SS ssss?^^ 22^3^13^ nqof •IS * eccocc-tf-ioto csiMMecccM m^cSw^m as40}»noiJBqo ots. 30-7 32.5 36^3 43^3 58-3 18^8 20. 0 21-6 26-3 27^6 33^0 18^0 18-0 20^3 20^3 26^2 32^ 6 njjrpiH ■g ^'•oocir^ob o» 0 > = tcococm 'UJJO-O 1 -j-ioot^coos .^vcfct^ooos ..a* ir: »}>^^^>i?te)^^^^1H^ ARGENTINA GREAT BRITAIN UNITED STATES FRANCE. ITALY. CANADA HOLLAND DENMARK GERMANY ^♦»1^-*»li»>^^^^^>^lH¥^^*!*S>S^^ ..19 CO.MPARED WITH OTHER NATIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE NUMBER OF ANIMALS PETiaS.OOO OF POPULATION ¥«^ 1^ ^^ ¥i^ ^ >S^ .10 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c CANADAS urn A$ A N06 DENMARK. HOLLAND. GERMANY. UNITED STATE& IBELAJ^D FRANCE. GREAT BRITAIN. ITALY CANADA. COMPARED WITH OTHER NATIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE NUMBER OF ANIMAl^ TO THE HUNDRED ACRES OP LAND IN FARMa DENMARK UNITED STATES. CANADA, IBELAND GERMANY. HOLLAND. FRAKCE. ITALjr GREAT BRITAIN. ■AM^nR 'So*. COMPARED WITH OTHER NATIONS ON THE BASIS ^mm^^mm 7 OF THE NUMBER OF AMltlftUS PER aS.OOO OP POp-OUATlON 4*««4» 3 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ^^^^^ ^?^\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\^\\\\\\\^llll T T T ^^ s^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\mm\\\\^in^^ ^^^^^^^^^sm I ^^^^^^^^^^Mllil T g o b\mvw ^ vm ss Ess^^^am T I immssmNiiiii tsmmwrn^wN'^ ^^^^^^HIt K1n\\\\\\\\^\\1iII1II T' I I o (n •AON airnf 0) •adV •Jew •qej •UBT •oaa •AOII noO •5nV £l-as: (0 atmr 2 •Jdv •qa^ •tl Bf •oacr •iioK^ •1^00 "" ■:^das •Snv LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 COLD STORAGE HOLDINGS OP MUTTON AND LAMB Chart No . 6 . f NN CJ H O H B o •H r-l rH -•-1 E M CC Q> h 8- (B U 1 o T'UBf^ T 'AoM l'%oo I •Jbw'~* I'qei T 'OBf I'Aon moo T ^«H I 'JdV T 'qsa T -uer X 'AONc^ tS$!i%^;^^^^^:5^;$:;^tSS5^\^^^;^^ ^ ^m^^^'\^^^ kx-^^Jj^^^Jj^^^^ ^\\V.\^^^illlllllll fc^J^^^^!5^SS5i^^^^:JJJJ;^llllllll IM^^^llll K^V^Ili fN^\^ fc5j;>;^5:i:;5;>^ f;5:;^^N:J;5^^ fe?^;^:>5S?^;^55$Ji^ i;^^!^:??^^^;^^^;^;^^^^;^^^^^ &:^55^i^;?;5ji^^::?j:j^^^5;?^^ E^:S;i5J:J;:5?S55^^S5:S55:^^^ SJ^^5;§5^:^^^§^j5555:5^$^Ji^^ K**J^;S5i5^:;;;5*5^^ K^SJ^^^Si^iJ:!^;^^^:?^::?^^ i5*&;5;!j^^i:>5iS5!^*^^ ISS555^SS^SII feSSSii^SJ^S^II i 1 1 !■■ 1 ; a 1 i 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1 J- K\ oJ H C '__, 1 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 112 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 00 o la -p sc M o w o b; M o 1 o « o o r<\ C\J H O 10 .a H § l-t rH •r-l s o TO p. Q} fi O CI) CO w T -OTf!! T 'oea I 'AOK 1 T '400 ^ V -\\ \ ■; ■ K->^^>\ s; "^^J^x^^v^i nil k^'^-i;^^:^^ .x.;'i^v'';vs^^\\^i^^5^^i:^^^^-^^^\^||||,||| IJ:55;;^:JJ55i;j;<;jIji^^5:^^^ t ^^^SSi§^$^:^S^5i;?i5is;5^^^llllllillll 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 I 1 1 i 1 i 1 1 1 In Cold Storage. = Other than Cold Storage. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N CM r-l o LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c • O ■p 6 M w s o o CO 9 o w w CJJ < Br* VI P> O •o \ OJ H O o w T -uBr? T 'Odd I ♦q.oO ' o o o cT o w X3 1 I-^daS t *8vlV t sirnf 2! 0) 1 wamamm 1 1 J I m^aam^ 1 [ 'JdV 1 T 'osa [ •AOHO T •r).o0 2? Hi^l^HB^B CS2 r-l O 17c— 8 114 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 o i 1 E-< CO u « O u e-i « o .a (H o o o o o o r~- w ■w C 0) Ul o nj P4 w o d o K KN CJ H O ] 1 1 ^ ^JJi^JCjNSJ;^;;;^^^^.'^ 1:^^^>5S;;^^\^>^I1I I -u^ °j I'^das j I '3nv 1 X aunr -[ 'jcdVOT, f^-J^^^^ ;^vv^m;\\^^^.'. : r'/::.'i;:.^'-'ii:i:i t^^ S5^^Ji!!555JJ!^^:," ■ "■^.^-^\\ ' ~ ■ ' ■ ''~ ' 1 ''^1 t^J^^SS^SS^ p^*<;S!^^!J555S5k\ ,..,,.,.„_,..,... , , ,, ,,. ,„ ^ ' — 1 ^^j^^^^ ;;mM!M;^M? k>>\';''-^'^;^^>'^:V'^^*^;„:^ii^i^^! E 5^;;^^^^-^:; X^^J^X^^iV'W-^ \-:^vj;7, 1 IM;.\" •<^:v-,v:-\:.- !:ii:i lSJ^*!*:!;^:*;j!5^^i l^^y^^^^J:^;m^^lll l^ii^V^VVS; .'.^ ■ ■ '■ ^-.' 171'r S5*>^^^ $ss?$$S5j5§^\^-:v ~\, x> -inip' I 'oad , 1, l^^*!:^^^:^;^^;^^;^;^ ■:^,^:^^:;5:i^^5JS5^ ;^;^xSM$^^l!llllli I •>io>i i 1^ l?>.v\'xx.,x-'X. ^;^^^^"^"-*^ ^:;;^^^^5;^^iiiiiiiiiiiii T '^00 ' kV- V ■ -.^x ■. ■ , \^ . .x-^^>^^'^^ ^^^^5mJillll|ii!IIIIli|l! fi^daS li >5 U liilllilililll I -any?! t eunf j t^^-!^^'*^^^' i:^;i^5;^*!5^Si^X^ ^^^:;S^^S:Si^5^li!!ll|| 1 C 1 1 1 I -ciai -[•^das 1 C 1 ' 1 1 NN LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 115 17c— 8^ 116 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 192 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 117 !- "^ o K\ csj H - o II « II % " 1 I 'U-Bf'H. o 1 T 'osd • • T '^od • ■ T -^od O T3 C !3 O : o o ■ C3 P4 •H rH ' I auTif- S .1-1 6 — T ^i?W to >o ■i I 'Jdv o z M s o w w ca U Q) ■■■■1 T 'J-m T 'XIBf I '08(1 1 o ^. 1 I 'AON CO o 9 o Pi w ■■■IH T '4002 3 o I 'StiV ' O <) C4 H O BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 O w < o Eh TO o o r«\ 5^ < «\ e CO ^ « 0) g CO 0) ^ u O p, (U 1 Vl LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c BEEF 1 ?o 1 1 1 1 ' ! 1 AVERAGE IMPORT PRICE ^ 1 in CENTS PER LB. 1 i -,5- 1 H i 1 r-H- 1 i ^ 1 F»rh 1 ANNUAL IMPORTATION. 5quar« Represents lOO.OOO.OOO LAs 1 1 i — " 1 CANADAS NET EXPORTS z'0^5// COUNTRIES SHOWN 50L1D W^ " r ^ Jl i 1 1 1 { 1900 1 1901 IISOZ 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1 1911 1912 1913 I9i4 1915 1916 19)7 1918 120 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 PORK ehtft to 14. - _ AVbKAVxt IMKUKI KKItt /n CENTS PER LB. , ._L_i^U - 5 1 r ^T~ s , .. ANNUAL IMPORTATION./ Each Square Represents lOQOOO.OOO Lbs. i 1 1 < ;anadas net export. I'o a// COUNTRIES SHOWN SOLID f 1 ■ _ — 1 , ^ ^ , HHHHIIIi ^ ^ luoilnozl 1903 |b04 1905 1906 t907|]90a B09 1910 1911 1912 1913 1114 131S 191t ia|7 1318 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 121 MUTTON 1 1 1 1 , ! 1 1 , . AVERAGE IMPORT PRICE n In CENTS PER La 1 1 ' 1 ' 1 -,i- \ ' \ III! ANNUAL IMPORTATIOI^ 1 Each Square Kcpresents lOQOOO.OOO Lk. , ! ■ ■ i i 1 1 3 — j 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 »0S 1906 1907 I90e{l909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 I91S I91S »?7 7SIS Canada's net exports ro a// COUNTRIES SHOWN 50LI& 122 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 WOOL Oiart Ho le 1 1 1 1 1 .. 1 ! 1 • ., 1 1 -°! 1 1 ' WERAGE IMPORT PRICE ' in CENTS PER L3 ,. -J ' ' ! 1 1 — 1 1 1 — 1 1 ' ^— r— "^ ,^n ! ! 10 ] \ \ i ' 1 !m ANNUAL IMPORTATION. 1 i j EachSquare Represents 100,000,000 Lbs 1 i . i 1 ' 1 , 1 f ■ ' ' Canada's net export to a// COUNTRIES 9 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 I90S I90« 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 19IS 1916 , ISI7 1918 LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c BUTTER Chart 8o. 1i . 1 1 « 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L AVERAGE IMPORT PRICE i ]— ■> in CENTS PER LB. ! 1 1 ; I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ f^. . __1— .— -J~f^ i [ 1 1 fCl. - ANNUAL iMPORTATiOM. , ' 1 { Each Square Represents 100,000,000 Lbs. 1 1 1 1 , 1 ■ "T~ CANADAS NET EXPORT foi9// COUNTRIES SHOWN SOLID s ■■ Wtm i^MH ,1900 1901 ;so2 1903 1904 ' — — T- 1 1 1 190S 1906 1907 1909 1909 1910 1911 1912 , 1913 { 1914 1 I91S 1916 i 1917 )8)8 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 9211 CHEESE Churt Ho. 20. ! j AVERAGE IMPORT PRICE i i .-J /n CENTS PER LB. i i i ! 1 1 ^ ' M ■ ^__ 1 '' — 1 1 1 \ I 1 K " I ■ , Annum Imdoptation ' 1 Each5quare Represents lOOpoo^OOO Lbs. j | J i 1 j 1 1 1 _^ i i 1 b 1 ^ — 1 I I itaa ■hiki M ■■ ■lita 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ ■ ■■■■■■ 1 ■1 IBr 1 1900 . 1901J902 : 1903 ! 1904 1 I90S ! 1906 ; 1907 1 I9M 1909 1910 191 1 1912 ! 1913 1 19)4 ' 191S ' 1916 ! len 1818 CANADAS NET EXPORTS ^o a// COUNTRIES , SHOWN 60LID LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c 125 Chart No 21. EGGS -8*^ AVERAGE IMPORT PRICE /n rPhi-rti Dpd nor -^ -w- 60 ss — 13 ANNUAL IMPORTATION. ' 1 Each 5quarc Represents 10,000,000 DOZ. 1912 1913 1914 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 190S I90S 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 191S I9Ie|isi7 1918 CAN ADAS NET EXPORTS fo a// COUNTRIES , SHOWN 50LID BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 lioz 1107 r- _ liox » 1 1 — UNITED STATES BEEF ANNUAL SURPLUS ,n 100,000.000 POUNDS 1 00: i = lao: 170'. I7K AVERAGE PRICE or NATIVE BEEF STEERS at CHICAGO m m Ml Basis of Percentage I901I9I3. i5o: m. IVT 1 1 I 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 : Price oFSTEEU«k Chicago __ . Dun's Index Number 17*4 1 (Aif£RA6£ VALV£ Q/LAJtO£ List o/ COMMOOtTiSS) IKK Kxn yr. ao. 70-. 6a. -.12 -^l - 10 iio: lOK 902 «r. j j [ = n — : — 1 -J H , ^ — jj [ _.. ■ 1 — — 1 !l89i|l89t|' e9^l89s{ 899 I900||90|J|90^I903I904I903,I90«|I907',I908I909 1910 1911 I9l2il9l3 1914 1915 1916 I9l7|l9l8| II ■ __ 1 10 — 1 ■ .— ■ — — 5- — - b -S Surplus Exported 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - _ - " — ^" -- - z / 1 — _j - I8SL ilSSi Ids im BI6» 9' 190 DISCI 190. 19a 5{I9 - zso/ - «♦ laSS 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 r904 1905 KOC 1907 1908 1908 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1918 1017 1918 — ] s 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 M 12 2 1 __ __ NET EXPOR- rs ^ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ri 1895 ie9s 1897 1898 189 I90< i» Jj 1902 1903 1904 I90S 1908 1907 1908 IBS 1910 1911 1912 1 )I3 1914 I9IS 1918 1917 1916 I lET IMPOR' rs - ~ ■ ■ /«»jo^'>rrj '^tt-y-St' LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c F ~~ IStt m m m m un aa w: mi 90: MI m IXi 110% im IX} mi aoi 1201 m lOOi so: 801 7DZ 60: UNITED STATES BUTTER ANNUAL SURPLUS OR DEFICIT IN 2.000,000 POUNDS fl«D AVERAGE PRICE OF CREAMERY BUTTER AT NEW YORK r-- BASIS OF PERCENTAGE 1904-1913 AVERAGE PRICE OF CREAMERY BIHTEH AT NEW YORK (AVERAGE VALUE OF LARGE LIST OF COMMOOITIE s) ._. — -n J r=d ._. ... — ._. _, ._. r=: '~i VI "'< I8M mX 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 190? 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 I90S 1909 1910 I9M 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 15 H n tt II 10 J a 7 6 5 ■t i 1 1 2 — 15 H 11 a II n 5 T i J 4 5 i 1 1 2 ■ _ ~'~ — NET EXPORTS ~ 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 915 I9M 1915 1916 1917 1918 NET IMPORTS -J ; , 1 1 1 1 1 17c -9 130 BUREAU OF STATISTICS 11 GEORGE V, A. 1921 ___ ■ , __, CHART N" 26 20DZ 190/ 180/ 170^ 1602 rso7, 1402 \302 \20l iioZ 1002 9o: 80/ 702 602 so2 2002 1902 1802 1702 1602 1502 ■ M02 1302 1202 IIOZ 1002 902 802 702 so2 502 UNITED STATES CHEESE AVERAGE PRICE Or COLOURED CHEESE AT NEW YORK COMPARED WrTH DUN'S INDEX NUMBER BASIS OF PtBCtHTAOE ISO PRICE or CHEESE AT HEW YORK ♦ •1913 HOO.THS) ^ i i [ 1 — "" ... — ... ... '—^ - ' ~ Tui mS ie9« 1887 ISSe I899 1900 1901 I9M 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 I9t4 1915 1916 1917 ISIS Ulu 6 5 •4 3 2 1 Fisc«L YtAB 6 5 4 3 2 1 Fisui Yea. 1 2 3 4 5 6 . — 'sS W>L SE (P0( TED — r 1893 I89fi 1897 1838 1899 900 190 1 1902 1903 1304 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1913 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 NE T 1 idPO RT! 3 4 S 6 — _ ^ _ _ LIVE STOCK AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 17c CHART N° 27 2I02 ■uci am ea m m mt noi at: im 1001 90; W nt « ilOt — oot . UNITED 5TATES E GG5 ANNUAL SURPLUS ok DEFICIT Ir. Z.OOO.OOOOOZEKS AVERAGE PRICE .F ntWLAID EO&S AT MEW YORK Comparcxl ~.th DUNS INDE X NUMBER 001 m lUt IXl 1401 IXt an not not va m m Wl Ml — t ""■ c Va «r tf La loe I r Co ""o 1 1 1 1 n — ; ! ^- ... "-1 ._. — "1 1 ^ 1 ; _ \-- r— -^ 1 • '-'^ "iL eOw I9» 1896 097 lase 1899 eoo 1901 r90e 190! 1904 1905 I9K nor 190ft 1909 1910 1911 1912 ISIS 1914 I9IS m> BIT 1916 a 1 ' , ' ' a a II » 9 & r i 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 II 1 ! 1 1 1 i . ■ i 1 1 1 i ^~ ^ 1 1 ' ' ; 1 ! i 1 i 1 1 1 —I — .N£ ■T EXPO RT => 1 — 1 1 — Mil \i3i IMJI897 IS98 1899 1900 1901 I90^ 1903 I904JI90J 190t 1907 1906 1309 1910 1911 1912 190 IJI4 1915 1916 1917 1918 ' _j - > I 1 ; 1 COMPARISON OF LIVESTOCK RECEIPTS WITH PRICES ICATTLE) COMPARISON OF LIVESTOCK RECEIPTS WITH PRICES I S WINEl TOROrvlTO WINNIPEG T O R O N X «p W I N tM I P E S W"- TORONTO W I N N I P E (3 ""."iS University of Toronto Library Acme Library Card Pocket Under Pau "Ref. Index File" Made by LIBRARY BUREAU