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PIGK>T & CO. S

DIRECTORY OF SCOTLAND,

FOR

18256:

tfontaintna: tompreljensitit anU arturate Birettories

OP

4 EDINBURGH, GLASGOW,

And every other TOWN, SEA-PORT, & VILLAGE in the Kingdom ;

To which is prefixed,

Separate Historical and Descriptive Sketches, each of which has been written, revised, and

authenticated on the spot, exclusively for this Work.

TOGETHER VSTITH THE MOST EXTENSIVE DIRECTORY OP

1^1

THAT HAS BEEIf HITHERTO P0BLISHED :— TO WHICH IS ADDED A LIST OF THE MERCHANTS»

MANUFACTURERS, AND PRINCIPAL TRADERS OF

BIRMINGHAM, BRISTOL, LEEDS, LIVERPOOL, MANCHESTER, AND

SHEFFIELD :

Also a copious New Directory and Guide of the ISLE OF MAN.

Thettamet of the Merchants, Manufacturers, and Traders in LONDON, EDINBURGH, GLASGOTT, and all the other Towns, tfc. are scientifically classed and arranged under each distinct head of trade or designation, and a full Alphabetical , List is annexed where the names in Towns are so numerous as to require a reference— the Lists qf the COACHES, CAR RIERS, and TTA TER CONFEYA NCES are copious and complete— and the names of the NOBILITV, GENTRV, and CLERGY, in the Cities, Towns, and tillages in Scotland, are exclusively arranged in alphabetical order, tor^ir more speedily to any name when the place of residence is not known.

THE ILLUSTRATIONS CONSIST OF A

LARGE MAP OF ENGLAND, & ONE OF SCOTLAND,

FoTmlng anew and elegant pair, both engraved expreKsly for the purpose ; also a PLAN OF LONDON, to accompany

the Street Guide, and a MAP OF THE ISLE OF MAN, with Lists of all the Bankers and

Newspapers, and.a variety of Tables of commercial importance.

i

PUBLISHED BY J. PIGOT AND CO, AT THEIR DIRECTORY OFFICES, 24, BASING-IiANE, tOKDON, AND 16, FOUNTAIN-STREET, MANCHESTER: txA sold by them and Simplnn & Marshall, Stationer's-conrt; and Sherwood & Co. and Longman, Hurst & Co. Paternoster-row, Z.onrfon— Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh— R. Griffin & Co. and Robert Weir, Glasgow- A\e^. Watsoo, Aberdeen, and by most of the respectable Booksellers in the united kingdom.

A**, to SiAteriberf, bound in sheep and plain maps, £1, Is.— bound in coif and coloured map*, £1 • 5*. Tu Kon-Sidaeriben,

hovmd ia aketp andpFctin map9, £1. \0».-.'lfimndln ea{fand aelmtra wsfi, £1. \8a.

^3>]DIEI£SS

Messrs. PIGOT Sf Co. with unfeigned sincerity, are most happy in the present opportunity of offering their grateful acknowledgements to their numerous Patrons, and are proud to announce the publication of the present Volume, more particularly, as from the increased list of subscribers, it is a strong proof of the utility of such a Work, the value of which will ever be in proportion to the correct information it contains^ to facilitate (Aw, has been the arduous object of the Proprietors.

As the augmentation of information introduced into this Directory, is so considerablf more weighty than was originally intended, or at all contemplated, the Editor judges it expedient to explain the mode of its arrangement, and he begs to impress on the recollec- tion of the Subscribers, and others who may have the Work in their possession, that tht alphabetical lists of the names, which are annexed to London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, ^c, are as plain, simple, and easy of comprehension, as the alphabet of a Ledger, and are for the express purpose of finding any name in the classification, when the trade or designation of a person is not precisely known. The figures in these lists point to the columns in the trades, which are all numbered at the top, and the pages are numbered invariably at the bottom : which should be observed in the alphabetical list of the Nobility, Gentry^ and Clergy, for the towns through Scotland.

The Proprietors are most felicitous in being enabled to submit to the Public the Maps, that accompany this Work, particularly the two large ones, which were, at a very heavy expense, engraved expressly for the purpose, and in the execution, they exceed their most sanguine anticipations ; particular attention has also been paid to the accuracy of a variety of useful and interesting Lists and Tables of Coins, Distances, Population ^ Bankers, Newspapers, S(c. i^c. ; and the historical and descriptive sketches, although many of them are brief, yet they will be found accurate and pleasing. Still the Proprietors do not presume to pronounce this Volume faultless, for in a Work containing such multifarioua subject, and so many thousand names, it is out of the power of all human exertion to avoid errors — these, they trust, however, are not numerous. In short, neither expense nor attend tion have been wanting, to render this Directory as complete and useful as possible, and they can say confidently, that the Public is presented with a Work replete with more authentic, commercial, and general information, rdating to Scotland, than has ever yet appeared in one volume. /

Messrs. PIGOT S( Co. cannot dismiss this subject, without acknowledging a senM of gratitude for the prompt and valuable assistance rendered to themselves and their travellers, by numerous gentlemen in various parts of Scotland, during the compilation of this extensive Volume, and with the most respectful assurance, that trt all their future publications their most strenuous endeavours will be to give satisfaction to the Subserihere end the Public at large.

INDEX TO THE COUNTIES.

Noti. — The pages are numbered at the bottom of each leaf.

. .vviM *>» .. • page

EDINBURGHSHIRE , 12

ABERDEENSHIRE ...:.. . 148

ARGYLESHIRE 204

AYRSHIRE 216

BANFFSHIRE 259

BERWICKSHIRE 268

BUTESHIRE 288

CAITHNESS-SHIRE 293

CLACKMANNANSHIRE 298

DUMBARTONSHIRE : 304

DUMFRIES-SHIRE 309

ELGIN on MORAY-SHIRE 333

FIFESHIRE 339

FORFARSHIRE or ANGUS 374

HADDINGTONSHIRE 406

INVERNESS-SHIRE 423

KINCARDINESHIRE 438

KINROSS-SHIRE 439

KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE i. 448

LANARKSHIRE 452

LINLITHGOWSHIRE 550

NAIRNSHIRE 559

ORKNEYS, <fec 561

PEEBLESSHIRE 566

PERTHSHIRE 571

RENFREWSHIRE 606

ROSS «fe CROMARTY (SHIRES OF) 635

ROXBURGHSHIRE 641

SELKIRKSHIRE 658

STIRLINGSHIRE 666

SUTHERLANnSHlRE 679

WIGTONSHIRE 681

INDEX TO THE TOWNS, &c.

page ABBKY ST. BATHANS. 278

ABDIE 367

ABKRDEEN 1^8

ARERDOCJR, (Fife) ....310 ABKRDOUR, f Aberdeen) 202

ACERFOIL 576

ABRRLAHY 407

ABERLEMNO 379

AIRDRIE 453

AiRTH 660

ALEXANDRIA 304

ALFORD 185

ALLOA 299

ALVA (■Clnfrkinamian) . 302

ALVA, (Stirling) 661

ALYTH' 572

ANCRTJM 612

ANNAN 311

A\STRUTHER(E.&W.) 341 APPLEGARTH 313

BTRSK 195

BLACKBfJRN 556

BLACKFORD ........573

BLAIRGOWRIE ....575

BLANTYRE 456

BOLTON 412

BONHILL 304

BORKOWSTOUNNESS 552

BORTHWICK 137

BOTHWELL 457

BOVVDEN 642

BRAEMAR 195

BRECHIN 381

BRIDGE OF WEIR ,.614

3RJSTOh,see page 705

BRORA .680

BUNKLE 278

BURNTISLAND 343

EURO 411

CABRACH 186

ARBIRLOT 379'CADDER 158

ARBROATH 375|CALDER, (MiJ. & E.) ., 139

ARBDTHNOT 435:CALDER. (WEST) ....146

ARDRORSAN 223 CALLANDER 576

ASHKIRK esSiCA.MBUSLANG 458

ATHELi^TONRFORD..407'CAMBnt5NETHAN .... 457

AUCHINDOIR 186CAMELON 662

AUCHTERARDER .... 573 CaMPB,' LTOWN,(Ar!i;) 207 AlHmTERDERRAN .. .342 CAMPBELTOWN, (In-

ATICHTERGAVEN .... 574' verness) 424

AUCHTERHOUSE .... .380 CANONBY 313

AUCHTERLESS 187 CAPUTH 571

AUCHTERMUCHTY ..312 CARESTON 379

A'/^i 217 CARLUKE 4i0

AYTON 269 CARMUNNOCK 456

BALDEENOGH 669 CARMYLIE 379

BALFRON 661'CARNWATH 459

BALLANTRAE 224 CARRIDEN 5.i2

BALMACLELLAN .... 451 CARRINGTON 137

BALMERINO 367;CARSPH AIRN 451

BALQUHIDDER 576 CARSTAIRS 459

BANCHORY TERNAN. 433 CASTLE DOUGLAS ..442

BANCHORY DAVE- iCASTLKTOWN 643

NICK 4.35 CATHCART 607

BANFF 260'CATRINE 226

BANNOCKBURN .. .. 662:CAVERS fi44i

BARNS (E. and W.) .. 408 CERES .341]

BARR 207jrHANNELKTRK ....275

BARRIE 38l!CHAPKLOFGARIOCH 188

BATHGATE 55]

BEAULY 6J6

BEDRULE 647

BEITH 225

BELHAVEN 408

BELHELVIE 187

BENDOCHY 574

BENHOLME 4.37

BENVIE 380

BERWJCK-ON-TWEF.D270 IIGGAR 455

CHIRNSIDE 275

CLACHAN 210

CL.aCKMANNAN ....302

CLATT 1S6

CLOSEBUBN .311

CLUNIE 575

CLU Y 188

COCKEURNSPATH ...276

COCKPEN 137

COLDINRHAJI 276

rOLrifTR!iA;\! 276

BIRMINGHAM, ^p««» 705 COLI.VSBUIVGH 35/

page

COLLINGTON 133

COMRIE 577

CORSTORPHINE .,..133

CRAIG 379

CRAIGDAM 197

CRAIL 345

CRAlLING 647

CRaNSHAWS 278

CRATHIE 195

CRAWFORD JOHN .. 546

CREETOWN 414

CRKICH .367

CRICHTON 137

CRIEFF .............. 678

CRIMOND 190

CROMARTY 636

CROSSGATES ...356

CROSSMICHAEL ....444

CRUDEN 187

OULLEN 263

CULROSS 580

CULSAMOND 188

CUMMERTREES ....314

CUPAR ANGUS 383

CUPAR FIFE .346

CURRIH; 133

CUSHNIE 185

DAILLY 228

DAIRSIE 355

DALBEATTIE 445

DALKEITH 134

DALMELLING TON .. 228

DALRY,(AM.4uie; 229

DALRY, (Kirliciidbrigi)t)451

UALRYMPLE 2.30

DALSERFF 456

DALTON 313

DA1.ZF.LL 456

OARVEl 250

DAVIOT 187

DENNY 663

DINGWALL 637

DTRLETON 407

DOLLAR .302

DORNOCH 679

DOKNOCK 314

DOUGLAS 460

DOUNE 580

DRUMI.ADE 192

DRUMOAK 195

DRYMEN 669

DUFFTOWN 2641

DULL 606

DUMBARTON 305

DUiVIFRlES .3131

DUN 3791

DUNBAR 409

DUNBARNEY 5821

DUNBLANE 582 I

DUNDEE 385

DL'NDCNALD . .....^.. C.58

page DUNFERMLINE .....349

DUNIPACE 663

DUNKELD 583

DUNKELD LITTLE ..584

DUNLOP 230

DUNNICHEN 395

DUNNING 585

DUNSCORE 323

DUNSE 278

DURRIS 433

DUTHILL 333

DYCK 188

DYSART 353

EAGLESHAM 607

EARLSTOWN 280

ECCLEFECH AN 324

ECCLKS 281

ECCLESMACHAN ....554

jECHT 185

EDINBURGH 13

PEDLESTON ..567

JEDNAM 650

1 EDROM 278

I ELGIN 334

j ELIE 354

ELLON 187

! ERROL 566

JESKDALEMUIR 3i;i

?;SSIE, (Aberdeen) 186

iESSlE, (Forlar) 379

I ETTRICK KIRK 6-58

lEWES 313

'EYEMOUTH 281

IFAIRLIE 245

FALA 411

jFALKIRK 664

FALKLAND 354

FEARN 379

FENW/CK 231

FERRY BROUGHTY .. 396

FETTERCAIRN 434

F^INTRAY 188

FINTRY 667

FISHERROW 140

: FOCHABERS 3-37

FOGO 2a3

FORBES 185

FORDOUN 434

FORFAR 396

FORGaN 355

FORGUE 187

FORRES 337

FORTINGAL 566

FORTROSE 6.38

FORT WILLIAM...... 425

FOULDEN 282

KOVERAN Ifi?

FRASERBURGH IfO

FYVIE 192

GALASHIELS W«

6ALSTGN ,.... • 331

INDESt TO THE TOWNS, &e.

page

OARLIESTON.. 681

GARGUNNOCK 669

GARTLY •••• 192

GARVALD ....411

GARVOCK 433

GATEHOUSE of FLEET 445

GAVINTOWN 283

filFFORD 412

GIRVAN 232

GIiADSMUIR 421

GLAMMIS ..399

GLASGOW 461

GLASSFORD 450

GLENBERVIE 433

GLENBUCKET 180

GLENCAIRN ........314

GLENCROS3. 136

GLENGAIRN 195

GLE.VLUCE 682

GLIiNMUICK 195

GOLSPIE 6S0

GORDON 283

GOIJROCK 608

GOVAN 539

GRANGEMOUTH .... 668

GRANGE PANS 552

GRANTOWN 426

GREENLAW 284

GREENOCK 608

GRETNA GREEN 314

HADDINGTON 412

HAMILTON 540

HAWICK 644

HELENSBT7RGH 307

HELMSDALE 680

HERIOT 137

HOBKIRK 644

HOLYWOOD 323

HOUSTON 614

HOWNAM 647

HUMBIE 416

HUMK 280

HUNTLEY 192

HUTTON, (Berwick) ..284 HUTTON, (Dumfries) .. 313

INCH 685

INNERKIP 614

INNERLEITHEN 507

INNERWICK 417

INSCHKIRK 188

INVSRARAY 200

INVERAVEN 264

INVERBERVIE 435

INVERESK 137

INVKRGORDON 639

INVERKEILOR 379

INV KRKKITHING .. 356

INVERNESS 426

IWERURY 194

IRVINK 234

ISLAY ISLAND 210

ISLE OF ARRAN 289

ISLK OF Mk^, see page. 705

JBDBURGH 647

JOHNSHAVEN 4i5

JOHNSTON... 615

JOHNSTONE 323

KSARN 180

KKIG 185

KEIR 314

KEITH 205

KELSO 650

KEMBACK 355

KKMNAY 188

KENKTHMONT 186

KENMORE 587

KETTLE 314

KILBAHCHAN 617

KILBlllNJE 237

KILBRIDE, (Eanj .... 513

KILCONQUHAR 357

KILDRUMMY 180

KILLEAIIN 669

KILLIN 587

KILMARNOCK 237

KIL.MAURS. 243

KILPATRICK 308

KILRENNY 358

KILSYTH 670

KILVVINXING 243

KINCARDINE 588

Kf^JCARDINEO■NEIL. 195 KING. EDWARD ...... 187

KINGHORN 358

KINGLASSIE 342

KINGSBARNS , 359

KINGUSIE 432

KINNEFF •<35

page

K/NNELL..i .379

KINNELLAR ........ 188

KINROSS. ...439

KINTORE ....:. 188

KIPPEN .,..;.;.,. 671

KIRKCALDY ...■...;. 360 KIRKCOLM ........ 685

KIRKCONNEL .314

KIRKCOWAN 682

KIRKCUDBRIGHT ..447

KIRKDEN 379

KIRKLISTON i:38

KIRKMaHOE 323

KIRKMAIDEN .,.,...682 KIRKMICHAEL (Perth) 589 KIRKMlCHAKL^Diimf.)314 KIRKMICHAEL; (A)I-

shire..) 244

KIRKNEWTON 133

KIRKOSWALD 245

KIRKPATRICK, (Dur-

hain) 450

KIRKPATRICK, FJeming3l4 KIRKPATRICK, (Juxta) .323

KIRKTOWN 644

KIKKWALL 562

KIRRIEMUIR 399

LADY KIRK ; 285

LANARK 544

LANGHOLM 325

L.ARBERT 672

LARGO 364

LARGS 245

LASWADB 138

LAUDER 285

LAWRENCE KIRK ..4.36

LAWRIE3TON ,450

LEADHILLS 546

LECROPT 580

LEEDS, see page 705

LEGERWOOD 286

LEITH 92

LENNOX, (T of Campsie)672

LKOCHEL 185

LESLIE (Aberdeen) 188

LESLIE ...364

LESMAHAGO 547

LESSUDDEN 653

LESVVALT 085

LEVEN .365

LEUCKARS .355

LIBBRTON 133

LIFF .380

LILLISLEAF 6«

LIME KILNS .306

LINLITHGOW 554

LINTON (HnOdinston).. 417

LINTON (Peeble.-i) 507

LINTON (Roxburgh).... 655 LIVERPOOL, jsenaee.. 705 LIVINGSTONE ......550

LOCHKRBIE 327

LOCHGILPHEAD ....211

LOCHMABEN .9:6

LOCHWINNOCH ....617

LOGIE fPerth) SPO

LOGIE CIndimannan) .. 302

LOGIE BUCHAN 187

LORIERAIT 5R9

LON DON, see puge .... 705

LONEHEAD 1.38

LONGFOR.MACHUS ..286

LONGSIDE 190

LONMAY 190

LUMPHANNAN 185

LUXAN 379

LUNDIE .380

MACDUFF 266

MACKERSTON 6ot)

MAINS .380

MANCHESTER,see jKoge 705

page

MILNATHORT 439

iMlLPORT, lale of Cam-

brae 289

MINNIGAFF 683

MINTO 644

MOCKRU.M 663

MOFFAT .329

MONIEDY «)4

MONIFIETH 396

MONIKIE 379

MONIVARD 577

MONQU HITTER 187

MONTROSE 401

MONYMUSK 188

AiONZIE 577

MORDINGTON 282

MOREBATTLE 655

MORTON 331

MOULIN 589

VIOUSEWALD 314

MUIRAVONSIDE 664

MUIR KIRK 249

\IURROES .380

MUSSELBURGH 140

MUTHILL 591

NAIRN 559

NEILSTON 619

NENTHORN 286

NEW ABBEY 450

NEW BYTH 187

NEWBURGH .367

NEW CUMNOCK ....249

NEW DEER 197

NEW GALLOWAY ...451

NEWHILLS 188

NEW KILPATRICK. ,^, 669

NEWLANDs .. .SLtees

NEW LUCE 567

NEW MACHAR 197

NEW MILNS 250

NEWTON 1.37

NEWTON STEWART. 683

NEWTYLE 406

NIGG 435

NORTH BERWICK .. 418 NORTH QUEEN'S

FERRY .356

OBaJM 212

OCHILTREE 251

OLD CUMNOCK 252

OLD DEER 198

OLDHAMSTOCKS ....419 OLD MELDRU.M .... 198

OLD MONKLAND 4,58

ORMISTON 419

OXNAM - 647

OYNE 188

PAISLEY 620

PANBlUDE .381

PARKHEAD 547

PARTICK 539

PARTON 450

PATHHEAD (Edinb.).. 142 PATH HEAD (Fifesh.).. .363

PEEBLES 568

PENCAITLAND 419

PENNYCUICK 143

PENPONT 314

PERTH 592

PETEBCULTER 195

PETERHEAD 199

PITLESSIE 344

PITSLIGO 201

PITTENWEEM 308

POLLOCKSHAWS ....631

POLWARTH 287

PORT GLASGOW ....6.32

PORTOBELLO 144

PORT PATRICK 684

PORTSOY 267

PORT WILLIAM

MARKINCH 307iPREMNAY ...188

MARY.CULTER 433

MARY KIRK 433

MARYTOWN 379

MAUCHLINE 247

MAXTON 653

MAYBOLE 247

MEARNS 618

METGLE 590

MEIKLEFALLA...... 192

MELROSE 654

MENMCIR .379

METrtroUN ..286

METHVEN 590

MIDDLEBIE 314

MIDMAR 185

MIGVIE 195

PRESTON .....278

PRESTON KIRK 422

PRI'STO.V PANS 420

PRESTWEIK 253

QUriENSFERRY f557

RATHEN 190

RATHO 145

RATTRAY 604

REDGORTON 604

REFERENCE to the Nobilitv, Gentry, &c... 689

RENFREW 634

REKTON 304

RHYNE 186

ROBERTO.V 644

ROSEHEABTY 201 |

ROTHESAY fzfo

ROXBURGH 650

RUTHER6LEN 548

RUTHWELL .314

ST. ANDREWS 369

ST. CYRUS 437

ST. FERGUS 190

ST. MONANCE .371

ST. MUNGO 31.3

ST. NINIANS 67.3

SALTCOATS 253

SALTON 421

SANQUHAR 3.30

SCONE 605

SELKIRK 658

SHEFFIELD, teepage.. 705

SHOTTS 457

SKENE 185

SLaMANAN 664

SMAILHOLM 650

SORBY 681

SOUTH DEAN 647

SOUTRA 411.

SPOTT 421

SPROUSTON 650

STAIR 255

STRNTON 417

STEVENSTON 253

STEWARTON 255

STITCH EL 286

STITCHILL 650

STIRLING 674

STONEHAVEN 437

STONEHOUSE 456

STONYKIRK 682

STRACHAN 433

STRAITON 257

STRANRAER 685

STRATH AVON 549

STRATHBLANE 669

STRATHMARTIN ....380

STRATH M IGLO -372

STRICKATHROW .379

STRICHEN 202

STROMNESS 665

SWINTON ., 287

SYMINGTON 268

IAIN 640

TANNADICE 379

TaRBERT 214

TaRLAND 195

TARVES 197

TAYIKNLOANE 214

TEALING 380

TEMPLE 137

THORN HILL (Perth).. 605 THORNHILL (Dumf.)..331

THURSO 293

TIBBERMORE 604

TILLICOULTRY 302

TINWALD 314

TOBERMORY 315

TOLLCROSS 547

TORBOLTON 257

TORRYBURN 372

TORTHORWALB ....314

TOUGH 185

TOWIE 186

TRANENT 421

TRAQUAIR 567

TROON ... 258

TULLYNESSLE 185

TUNDERGARTH ...i313

TURREf'T 203

TWYNHOLM 447

TYNNiNGHAM 422

TYRIE 202

UDNY 197

ITGSTON 275

UPHALL 558

WAMPHRAY 323

wer;m 606

WEMYSS 373

WEST KILBRIDE 358

WESTERKIRK 313

VVEBTRUTHER ....287

WHITEBURN 558

WHITiKlRK 422

WHITHORN 687

WHlTfOM ..285

WHITTINGHAM ....422

WICK 296

WIGTOWN 687

WILSONTOWN ....459

WILTON 644

WOODHEAD 193

YARROW 658

YETHOLM .- 63iJ

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TABLES

CURRENT COINS OF TWENTY-EIGHT COUNTRIES,

WITH THEIR RELATIVE VALUE IN BRITISH MONEY,

CALCULATED AT PAR.

ENGLAND and SCOTLAND.

£ s. d.

A Farthing 0 0 Oi

2 Farthings a Halfpenny 0 0 0^

2 Halfpence Penny 0 0 1

0 Pence : 0 0 6

12 Pence a Shilling 0 1 0

Half-a-Crown 0 2 6

Crown 0 5 0

Gold Piece 0 7 0

Half Sovereign . . , 0 10 0

Half Guinea 010 6

Sovereign 1 0 0

Guinea , 1 1 0

Besides tliesearethe Notes oftlie Bank of Enpland. whicli are issueii at the cilTrent value of i'3. Sterling, and from that sum to notes of :0 or 50 tlioufand pounds value. Animmen.se sijm is also contiijually afloat, consistingofthe Notes of Bankers in various parts of the kingdom on their own credit, some at £1. £1. Is. £1. lOi £5. 10s. &c. &c,

IRELAND.

A Farthing 0 0 0^^3

2 Farthing* a Halfpenny 0 0 OyV

2 Halfpence Penny 0 0 0|f

5 Pence Fivepenny .... 0 0 4 —

10 Pence Tenpenny 0 0 Qy^^

12 Pence Shilling Irish 0 0 11 Jj 30 Pence Half-a-Crown

Irish .0 2 3/^

60 Pence Crown Irish ..0 4 7^%

20 Shillings Pound Irish ..0 18 5y% 22f Shillings, of 27 Tenpenniea

and Threepence, a Guinea. . 1 1 0

A TABLE for reducing Irish Money into

Steeling, and vice versa.

Irish. Sterling; S(eiii7ig-. Irish.

L. L. ' s. d. I3lh. L. L. s. d. 12th

500 461 10 9 3 500 541 13 4 0

400 369 4 7 5 400 433 6 8 0

300 276 18 5 7 300 325 0 0 0

200 184 12 3 9 200 216 13 4 0

100 92 6 1 II 100 108 6 8 0

90 83 1 6 6 eO 97 10 0 0

80 73 16 n 1 80 86 13 4 0

70 64 12 3 9 70 75 16 8 0

60 55 7 8 4 60 65 0 , 0 0

50 46 3 0 12 50 54 3 4 0

40 36 18 5 7 40 43 6 8 0

30 27 13 10 2 30 32 10 0 0

20 18 9 2 10 20 21 13 4 0

10 9 4 7 5 10 10 16 8 0

9 8 6 1 II 9 9 15 0 0

8 7 7 8 4 8 8 13 4 0

Tnsh, Sterhns:. Sterling, Irish.

L. L. s. ff, \Zth. L. L. s. d. \2th

7 692 10 7 71180

6 5 10 93 6 6 10 00

5 4 12 39 5 5840

4 3 13 10 2 4 4680

3 2 15 48 3 3500

2 1 16 n 1 2 2 3 4 0

1 0 18 5 7 I 118 0 10s. 0 9 2 10 10*. 0 10 10 0

9 0839 9 0990

8 07 48 8 08 8 0

7 0 6 57 70770

6 0566 6 0660

5 0475 5 0550

4 0384 4 0 440

3 0 2 9 3 3 0 3 3 0

2 01 10 2 2 0220

1 0 0 11 1 I 0 110 6rf. 0 0 5 7 6rf 0 0 6 6

5 0048 5 00 5 5

4 0039 4 0044

3 0 0 2 10 3 0 0 3 3

2 0 0 1 11 2 0 0 2 2 I 0 0 0 12 1 0 0 11

AMERICA.

£ s. d.

An Eagle. 2 3 ll^

Half Eagle......... 1 1 11|

Quarter Eagle .. 0 10 ll|

Dollar 0 4 3|

Half Dollar 0 2 '\\\

Quarter Dollar ....;..,.. 0 ] Of J

Disnae, or Dime. 0 0 5|

Half Dime 0 0 2f .^

Cent, or ^l^ of a Dollar ..00 o|^| Half Cent 0 0^ O^V^^^

The currency of the United States varies considerably in point of relative value. Thus thepavaf3sliiIlinps*<eW/njr, i.t equivalentto 5shillings of thecurreflty ofPennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, nnd Maryland ; or four shillings ufthe cvir- rency of New Hampshire,M9ssachnssetts,Conneoticnt, Rhode Island, and Virginia; or five shillings and fourpence of the currency of New York and North Carolina; or of three shil- lings and one penny and athird, of the currency ofSouth Caro- lina and Georgia.

The Dollar, also, has a varied currency. In the states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, andNewJersay, itpasses for seven shillings and sixpence of their currency. In the states of New England and Virginia it passes for six shillings of their currency, lii the states ot New York and North Caro- lina it passes for eight shillings of their curreacy. And in South Carolinaand Georgia for four shillings and eightpen<;eof their currency.

AUSTRIA.

A Pfenning 0 0 Og^^

2 Pfennings a Drcyer . . . „ 0 0 O3-Q

tabi.es of coins.

4 Pfennings

14 Pfennings 4 Kreutzers

15 Batzens fiO Kreutzers 90 Kreutzers 30 Hatzens 60 Batzens

Kreutzer . . Grosh . . . Batzen . . . Gold Florin Florin Ilix Dollar. Specie Dollar 0 Ducat 0

BENGAL.

d.

0 T_

119

1 1 3

*T5

4 4 6

8 4

A Pice

4 Pices (3 Pices

12 Pices 10 Anas 16 Anas

2 Kupees

2 Kupees 56 Anas 16 yica Rupees

A Budgrpok .», 2 Budgrooks

5 Rex 16 Pices 20 Pices 240 Rex

4 Quarters 14 Quarters 60 Quarters

0 0 0 0 Siano 0

a Fa nam Viz . . Ana . .

0 OA

0 04

0 Ojl

0 u

Rupee .... French Ecu Eng. Crown Pagoda Gold Mohur BOMBAY.

0 0 0 0 2

0-

a Rex 0

6 0 0

8 9 0 0

A Caxa

10 Caxa

10 Candareens

35 Candareens

2 Rujiees 70 Canc'areens

7 Maces

2 Kupees 10 Maces

Pice . . . Larce . . . Quarter . Zeraplum i?upee. . . Pagoda . Gold Rupee |^

CHINA,

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

•■A 0 0 0 0	"bo 5f
0 1	6^ 4f
2	3
7	iOl
1$.	9 r.

a Candareen Mace . , . . Rupee , . . .

Dollar

Rix Dollar Ecu .....: Crown. . . . Tale

0 OA 0 0± 0 8 4

8 8 8 8

6 8

DENMARK and NORWAY. ASkilling ...,,..,,,,... 0

9 S killings 16Skillings 20 Skillings 24 Skillings 4 Marcs 6 Marcs 11 Marcs 14 Marcs

Duegen..,. 0

Mari;...... 0

Rix Marc. . 0

Rix Art .. 0

Crown . ... 0

Rix Dollar 0

Ducat 0

Half Ducat 0

0	OA
0	5tV
0	9
0	llj
1	H.
3	0
4	6
8	3
0	6

FLANDERS. A Penning 0

4 Pennings 8 Pennings 2 Grotes 6 Petards 40 Grotes 17^ Scalins 240 Grotes

an Urclie a Grote . Petard. Scalin . Horin . Ducat .

Pound Flem.O

0 '' 0 ' 0 '-

Ottt

_ 10

H

6

m

FRANCE. £ *.

A Liard , . . 0 0

2 Liard Piece ,«;ft <• . • 0 0

Sons f,!nm'*'i • • 0 0

6 Liard -Piece ..y,...^^... 0 0

Double Sous .... . .t . , . 0 0

6 Sous Piece ..... V 0 0

10 Sous Piece, Demi Franc. . 0 0

] 5 Sous Piece 0 0

20 Sous Piere, or Franc .... 0 0

30 Sous Piece 0 1

3 Livre Piece 0 2

5 Franc Piece 0 4

6 Livre Piece, an Ecu .... 0 5 Louis Dixhuit 0 16

d.

%

1

5^

The Livre, or Frane.'is eqaal to ten-pence Englisli ; the tenth part of a t'vnnc is called a Decime, a hundreth pa^t pf « Franc is called a Centime. The Franc now in use is oiie uer. cent more than the Livrein use before the Revolution. ^ ~

A Dimari .*. 12 Dimari '

4 Solidi 20 Solidi 30 Solidi

5 Lires 115 Solidi

6 Testooni* 20 Lires

<iENOA,

Solidi .... Ghevalet ..

Lire . . .

Testoon * . Croisade . . PeMo of Ex Genouine . . Pistole . . . .

GIBRALTAR.

A MaraVedi .............. 0

2 Maravedies anOchaVir . . 0

4 Maravedies Quartil^. .. 0

34 Maravedies Rial Velon. 0

15 Rials Piastre of Ex 0

512 Maravedies Piastre.... 0

0 0-**

1 OJL

141::.^ SI .

'fcit.^ OS •

60 Rials 2048 Marav. 78 Rials ■

12 Pennings 16 Shillings

2 Marcs

3 Marcs 6;^ Marcs

120 Shillings

8 Pennings 2 Groats 6 Stivers

20 Stivers 50 Stivers 60 Stivers 105 Stivers 6 Guilders or Flo. Poiind Fl. 0 LEGHORN. A Denari 0

4 Denari a Quatrini . . 0

9 Quatrini a Gratia. . 0 8 Gratia Paoli 0

20 Soldi Lire 0

Pistole of Ex.0 Pistole .... 0 PistoliB .... 0

HAMBURGH.

a Shil. Lubish 0

Marc 0

Slet Dollar. . 0

Rix Dollar. . 0'

Ducat .... 0

Pound Flem. 0

HOLLAND.

a Groat 0

Stiver .... 0,

Scalin ^ . . . 0

GuiWer, Of Flo. 0

Rix Dollar. . 0

Dry Guilder 0

Ducat 0

16 9*'^'

? ^

0 0,1^

0 OA

0 Of

0 6

0 81

TABLES OF COINS.

6 Lines

7 J Lires 22 Lues

£ s.

Piastre of Ex, 0 4

Ducat .«i . . . . 0 j>

Pistole 0 15

d. 2

3i

MILAN. A Denari 0

3 Denari a Quatriui . . 0

12 Denari Soldi 0

20 Soldi Lire 0

1 15 Soldi Scudi Current . , 0

117 Soldi Scudi of Ex. 0

6 Lires PliiUp 0

22 Lires Pistole 0

23 Lire^ ,s Span. Pistole, 0 1^

-.!>{ ssnan-un NAPLES-iat'=i to ,9jv?J

0 0 0 0 4 4 4 16

ST

0

0-''-

Oil

qi 5

1/r

A QuaWni ...V^ 0

10 Grains 40 Quatrini 20 Grains 40 Grains 100 Grains 23tari3 ^

Carlin Paoli^..... Tari r, , . , / Testopu . . Ducat of Ex. Pistole ....

PIEDMONT.

0 15

A Denari 0

3 Denari a Quatrini . . 0

12 Denari Soldi 0

12 Soldi Florin 0

20 Soldi Lire ...... 0

6 Florins Scudi .... 0

7 Florins Ducatoon . . 0

13 Lires Pistole 0

16 Lires Louis d'or^j,;.|35^,(^,,'„'i|3ij;

POLAND. ' ;^ .'?

A Shelon 0

0 0 0 0 1 4 5 16

TT

4

H

4 4 4

0

TS

H

9 3 6 3 3

3 Sbelons 5 Groshens

3 Caustics 18 Groshens 30 Groshens 90 Groshens'

8 Florins

5 RixDiillars

■ {^ !; o A Ree i.^ ^> . ,. 10 Rees 20 Rees 5 Vintins

4 Testoons 24 Vintins 10 Testoons 48 Testoons 64 Testoons

A Quatrini 5 Quatrini 8 Bayocs 10 Bayocs 24 Bayocs 10 Julios

a Grosh ....

Caustic . .

Tince ....

Ort

Florin .... Rix Dollar Ducat . ...

Frederic d'or 0

PORTUGAL. ,1 0

a Half Viutin 0

Vintin.. .. 0

Testoon . . 0

Crtisade of Ex. 0

New Crusade 0

Milree... . 0

Moeda 1

Joanesa . . 1

ROME.

0

a Bayoc .... 0

Julio 0

Stamp Julio 0 Testoon . . 0 Crowrr Curt, 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 3 9

0

0 0 0 2 2 5 7 16

0 0 0 0 1 5

7

2 6

on. H

3

n

0 0

0 ^

7i

' 2

6 0

12 Julios 18 Julios 31 Julios

L s. Crown Stamp 0 6

Chequrn 0 9

Pistole 0 15

RUSSIA AND MUSCOVY.

A Copec . .

3 Copecs 10 Copecs 25 Copecs 50 Copecs 100 Copecs

2 Rubles

an Akin

a Grievcne , Polpoain. . . Poltin . . .

Ruble 0

Xeivoniz . . 0

SIClLr AND MALTA. A Picoli 0

6 Picoli

8 Picon 10 Grains 20 Grains

6 Tarins 13 Tarins 60 Carlina

2 Ounces

a Grain 0

Ponti 0

Carlin 0

Tarin 0

Florin of Ex. 0

Ducat of Ex. 0

Ounce i. . .' 0

Pistole .... 0

SPAIN.

A Maravedi 0

2 Maravedies a Quatril. ... 0

34 Maravedies

2 Rials

8 Rials 10 Rials 375 Maravedies 32 Rials

Rial 0

Pistarine . . 0 Piastre of Ex 0 Dollar 0

Ducat of Ex. 0 Pistole or Doubl. 0 SWEDEN.

A Stiver 0

4 Stivers a Copper Marc 0

3 Cop. Marcs 5 Cop. Marcs 9 Cop. Marcs Jl Cop. Dollars

4 Carolines

2 Rix Dollars

Silver Marc. 0

Cop. Dollar 0

Caroline . . 0

Silver Dollar 0

A Manger, ,

4 Man gars 3 Aspers

5 Aspers 10 Aspers 20 Aspers ^0 Aspers 100 Aspers 10 Solotas.

Rix Dollar. Ducat . . . TURKEY;

0 0 0 1 2

4 9

0 0 0 0 0

1

3

7 15

0 0 0 0 3 4 4 14

0 0 0 0 1 1 4 9

0 0 0 0 0 1

4

5

10

A Picoli . 12 Picolis 6i Soldis 18 Soldis 20 Soldis 3 Julios 124 Soldis 24 Grosso 16^ Lires

O

a

6

H 3

6 0

O3V

OA

* 13

^13..

fi ^ "Ti

4

■4i\ 0-*LS-

"2 7 2 A 43

"TTfi

5i s

10| 7 6

4

H

4f 7- 2

Hi

8 4

an Asper .... a Parac .... liestic .... Ostic. ; .... Solota .... Piastj-e .... CaragTouch Xeriff

VENICE.

0 0

a Soldi 0 0

Gros . . 0 0

Julio 0 0

liire 0 0

Testoon 0 1

Due. Current 0 3

Due. of Ex. 0 4

Chequin 0 9

0/^ Oi

3

6 0 0

a 0

Oi 2i 6

6| 6

5} 4

OF THE

COMPARATIVE VAjLUE OF THE PUBLIC FUNDS,

• ' Shewing in which to purchase to the greatest advantage {. A. 1 1 '•'

WITH THEIR RELA-TIVB VALUE IN LANi)EI> ESTAtES*

Inriln Stnei, Tearg Purchase ^nji'ial ItUerast

Vihper O'ltts. of L'ind. per Cent.

162J - 15i - Z.6 9 0

l(i8 - 16 - 6 5 0

1731 - lfi§ - 6 12

178* - 17 - 5 17 7

183| - 17§ - 5 14 3

189 - 18 .•- 5 11 1

194J - 18i - 5 8 1

1994 - 19 T 5 5.3

204| - 19| - 5 2 7

210 - 20 ■ - 5 0 0

215^ - 2(^ - 4 17 6

22Di - 21 . :• 4 15 2

22:)| - 215 - 4 13 0

231 - 22 - 4 10 10

2m\ - 22i - 4 8 10

341* - . 23 - 4 6 11

2461 - 23| - 4 5 1

252 - 24 - 4 3 4

257* .- 24i . - 4 1.7

262,5 - 25 - 4 0 0

2671 - 25§ - 3 18 5

273 - 26 • - 3 16 11

278J - 265 . .- 3 15 5

2835 - 27 - 3 14 0

288f - 275 - 3 12 8

2«4 - 28 - 3 11 5

^9| . - 28§ - 3 10 2

3045 - 29 - 3 8 11

309| - 295 - 3 7 9

- 315 - 30 - 3 6 8 ^,r«m/5/t'— Supi>osing;the price of 3 per cent. Consols to be 60, tlien South Sea Stock should be 70, 4 per

•cents. 80. and so ou ; but wheu any of the Funds are below tliis proportion, with them will be Ih^

advantage,

Hanf/ tonsikt	:, S.SeaStoci	, Old and New Bank Sin,
■ip/'r (-nii/s.	^p>^r CciiU	. A per Cents.	Vfper Ce\
46S-	. 541	62	155
48"	56	64	160
495	- 574	66	165
r.i ■	- 595	68	170
52*	-. . .6U .	70 .	175
H	- 63	72	- 180
. ^55	- . ' ■f;44	74	185
5?	- 665	76	190
58^-	- .68*	78	195
60	70	80	- 200
<il5	-■ 714	82	205
63	7?A	84	210
645	- 75*	86	- 215
66	77	88	220
<i75	-■ ■ 784	90	225
<?9	- ■ 815	92	- 2.^0
705	821:	94 ■	235
72	- 84	96	240
735	- . . 854	98	245
75	875	100	250
765	89*	102	255
78	91	104	260 265
795	924	106
81	945	103	-- 270
m	96*	110	275
84	98	112	'- ' 280
• 85*	994	114	285
87	- 1015	116	290
SM	- 10,3*	118	295
90"	'105	120	300

DAYS AND HOURS FOR BUYING AND ACCEPTING, QR SELLING AND TRANSFEBRINQ

TTifc SEVERAL

And Receiving the Jvterest or Dividends due thereon, at the Bank, India- Heuse, and South Sea House.

••' DIVIDENDS WHEN DUE,

STOCKS. . • and lire usual bi paid a few duya after. TRANSFER DAYS

BankStot-k April 5, October 10. . .. .. Tuesday, ThuVsdaV, Friday.

New4 per Cents 1821.. • ..Januarys, July 5 Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday.

5 per Cfents 1797 and 1802 April 5, October 10 'Puesday, Thursday, Friday.

4 per Cent Consols ... .. April 5, October 10 Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday.

3 per Cent Consols . . .. January 5, July 5 Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday.

3 per Cents Reduced , . ..April 5, October 10 Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday.

3 per Ceut.s 1726 .. .. January 5, July 5 Tuesday and Thursday.

Long Annuities April 5, October 10 Monday, Wednesday, Saturday.

Imperial 3 per Cents ..( May 1, November 1,, but noft Monday, Wednesday, Friday. Imperial Annuities ...■ I- paid tiU July 5, and Jan. 5 /Tuesday, Tliursday, Saturday

South Sea Stock .. ,. January 5, July 5 Monday, Wednesday, Friday

3 per Cent Old Annuities . Ai)ril 5, October 10 Monday, Wednesday, Friday.

3 per Cent Kew Annuities January 5, July 5 Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday.

3 per Cents 1751 .. ..-.. .January 5, July 5 'l\iesday a"f* ThUi'sday. '

East India Stock .. .. January 5, July 5.. . .-. .. Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday.

Irish 5 per Cent Annuities. . Ma.cli 25, September 25 Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday.

Life Anuuities .. ;. .. The first dividend is dU|e on thci quarter nest ensuing the purchase and is

paid half-yearly. o r , -

The Dividends (at tiie riank) of the 3 per Cent Consols, are paid from 9 to 3 o'clock, of all the rest from

9 to 11 and 1 to 3 o'clock.

Tiie Dividends (at the India House} aie paid from 9 to 2 o'clock, Saturday from 9 to 1 o'clock

MU^a©a)?Aa»

EDINBURGH.

Tba Right Hon. Alex. Hendehson, Lord Provost and Lord Lieutenant of the Ciiy. BAILIES d- DEPUTY LIEUTE- NANTS. William Patisoo, Robert Morton,

Robert Wright, Peter Forbes.

John Waugh, Dean of Guild. Robert Hall, Treasnrer. William Child, Old Provost. OLD BAILIES. William Allan, John Smith,

Wm, Blackwood, James Hill.

Robert Mitchell, Old Dean of Guild. Archibald M'Kinlay, Old Treasurer.

MERCHANT COUNCIL. John Booar, jnn. Henry Scott, jun.

Adam AndertioD.

TRADE COUNCIL. James Burn, William Wood.

ORDINARY COUNCIL DEACONS.

D. Macgibbon, Wrights, Convenor M. Cunningham, Goldsmiths. James Cox, Skitiners. Wm. Young, Masons. John Stenhouse, Bakers. James Sutherland, Wankers.

EXTRAORDINARY COUNCIL DEACONS.

Dr. David Hay, Surgeons.

Robert Legate, Furriers.

James Milne, Hammermen.

William Purves, tailors.

Robert Morham, Fleshers.

John Menzies, Cordiners.

John Guthrie, Weavers.

J. Aachterlonie, Bonnet Makers.

John Bonar, Capt. of Orange Coloucs.

J«mes Fergusson, "i

James L'Amy, S- Assessors for tb« City James Simpson, 3 John Turnbull, Chamberlain. Joba M'Ritchie, Agent. Charles Cnnningharo, } p., Carlyle Bell, \ "-"^

Alexander Callender, Deputy Clerk. D. Beatson, Keeper of Conncil Records. J, HatchisoD, Keeper of Register Sasines & Bargb Register.

Clerks.

Alexander Bruce, Accountant.

Alexander Penton, Procorator Fiscal.

J. Feg^ans, Clerk of Small Debt Court of City irad

County. T. Brown, Overseer of Public Works. T. Neilson, Kirk Treasurer. James Young, Governor of Gaol. William Allan, Admiral of Leith.

RESIDENT BAILIES. William Auld, Alexander Dogeon.

Alexander Burn,

Samuel M'Cormick, Assessor. Hugh Veilch, Clerk. Wm. Black wood, Baron Bailie of Canongate &Calton. Richard Alexander, ^ ^ g^j,.^^

Alexander M'Dougal,

Wm. Bailey, Treasurer. VVm. Home, Assessor. J. M'Ritchie, Clerk.

J. Mason, Deputy Clerk. R. Aitken, Captain of tha Prison.

J Hill, Baron Bailie of Easter & Wester Portsbnrgh.

!^"J"*^^"'? Resident Bailies. John swan, S

Alexander Callender, Clerk.

LIEUTENANCY OF THE CITY

OF EDINBURGH.

The Rt. Hon. Alexander Henderson, His Majesty's Lieutenant.

DEPUTY LIEUTENANTS.

Ist. District — Jncient and extended Royatty. William Patison, Robert Wright,

Robert Morton, Peter Forbes,

John Waugh, Robert Hall,

Wm. Child, John Smith.

Alexander Callender, Clerk to General Meetings, and to First and Second Disticis. 2nd District— £ast arad West Port»burgh. James Hill, John Swan,

Wm. Russell, Andrew Walker, Wm. Murray, J. Livingston. John Miller,

3d. District — Canongate. Wm. Blackwood, R. Alexander, Alex. M'Dougal, Wm. Tullis. J. M'Ritchie and J. Mason, Clerka. 4tb. District — Leith, William Allan, William Auld,

Alexander Burn, Alexander Dugeoa, John Mackay, James Millar.

Hugh Veilch, Clerk. EXTRA DEPUTY LIEUTENANTS* The Lord President and Baron Hame.

NORTH LEITH.

CUSTOM HOUSE.

Robert M'Nair, Collector.

James Ure, Comptroller.

M. Russell, Principal Surveyor.

Sfiba Barclay & Andrew Sceales, Land Surveyors.

W. Lamout, ComptroUing Surveyor of Warehouses,

S. Gilchrist, Searcher.

A. M'Vicar, ComptroUing Searcher.

Wm. Hanter and Wm. Brown, Tide Sarveyora.

Jftmea WiUiamson, Port Ganger.

EXCISE OFFICE,

Liddell's Land.

J. Scott, Exp. Officer. H. Ranken, Packing Officer. Hngh Marquess, Surveyor.

All Import Duties on Foreign Goods (except from Ireland, Jersey, and Guernsey) are now collected by the Customs.

Permits of Goods from the Bonded Wsenboatet, are still granted by the Excise.

ALTERATIONS cfe REMOVALS in EDINBURGH.

AlbyD Silk Hat Co. 61,Soa:h-bdg Allisoa Wm. engraver, 33, Leith-st

Anderson Geo. aactioneer, 142,

High-st BallaDtyne Jn.coopr,Horse-wynd Borthvrick Jas. tailor & clothier,

2T, Bread-8t. Brodie Jno. W. S. 59, Norlhum- berland-st.

Bruntoa Wm. & Co. woollen dra- pers, 5, Milne-square

Bntler Jno. pocket-book maker, 5, Milne-sqoare

Calder Jno. watch & clock maker, 85, West-port [colson-st.

Cameron Donald, innkeeper, Ni-

Campbell Archibald, saddler, 17, St. Patrick-square, Clerk-st.

Cathie Wm. slater & glazier, 19, Downie-place

City Cess Office, II, Bank-st.— Pr.HilljE^^q. principal collector

ClappertoQ Thos. merchant, 15, Buccleujrb-place

Cowan & Strachan, silk mercer.M, 15, Princes-st

Collins & Ferguson, silk mercers, 8T, Princes-st.

Crawford Jas. (late Crawford & Murray), W,S. 41,Grt. King-st,

Davidson James, boot & shoe ma- ker, 97, Nicolson-st

Dean James), dyer, Lothian-st

Dods Robina & Marian, linen drapers & haberdashers, and agents to the Industrious Blind Asylum, 24, St. Frederick-st.

Donaldson Jno. publican, 285, High-st

Duncan & Greig, carpet & cloth warehonse, 63, Princes-st

Dyke Geo. tailor, 91 Princes-st

Dyke Jane, milliner, 9 1, Princes-st

Dyke Wm.jon. tailor & clothier, 2, Catberine-st

Edinburgh and Leilh Glass Co. (Jas. Smith, manager), Salaman- der-st. Leitb

Edinburgh Evening Couranf, (Monday, Thursday ,&Saturday,) David Ramsay & Son, propri- etors, printers & pnbliMbers,208, High-st

Edinburgh <& Leith Advertiser, (Saturday), John Gray, propri- etor & publisher, 7 ;, Adam- square— Geo. Mudie and Co. printers, 25, Horse-wynd

Edmonston John, bird stnffer, 51, Lotbian-st. North-side

Farqubarson Peter, ginger beer manufacturer, 104, High-st

Fleming Robert, W. S. 21, Nor- tbnmberland-st

FordyceThos.Jno.Esq.32,India-8t

French Walter, Leith waggon of- fice, 278, Lawn-market

Gibson Jas. teacher of writing, 23,

Howe-st Gilles Ja*. painter, 6, East Rose-sl Gillespie P. surgeon, 11, Green- side-place « Goodsir Joseph, linen draper, 3, Calton-st [ber's-close Gorrie John, musician, 13, Carrn- Gray Isab. lodgings, Leith-walk Hart Henry, crown window glass and plumbing establishment, Leith-walk Haldane Janet, milliner, 12, West

Circns-place Hay W. writer, 7, Stafford-street Hunter & Co. wine & spirit mer- chants, 225, High-street Hntchins T. dentist, 7, Heriot-row Irvine Duncan, painter, 49, Fre- derick-street Isbister T. grocer & spirit dealer,

21, Greenside-street Jamesun J. & Co. cheesemongers,

88, Princess-street Johnston A. & Co. milliners, &c.

52, North Castle-st. Johnston John, tobacco manufac- turer, 7, Hunter-square Kirk wood Jas. & Son, engravers,

II, South St. Andrew-street Ledingham Jas. grocer & spirit

dealer, 91, Nicolson-street Le.'iie Margaret, straw bat maker,

82, South-bridge Lindsay George, corn chandler <& meal «fe flour dir. 184, Cowgate Lomax S. & Sons, flannel manu- facturers— Wm. Brunton & Co. agents, 5, Milne-square London Bazaar, 87, South-bridge Macartbur Jas. dancingacademy, 39, Cumberland-street, Pitt-st. Mc Queen Dugaid, boot maker,

50, North Hanover-street Mackie Wm. dyer, (late of 5,

Market-st.) 16, West Canal-st. Maitland Dd. advocate, 23, Drum-

mond-place Mansfield Thos. Esq. 51, York-pl Maxoa .Mrs. F. (Buck's Head Ta- vern,) 3, Market-street Marshall Wm. goldsmith to bis

Majesty, 68, North-bridge Merriott W. H. professor of Greek

language, 1, Howard-place Milner J. D. surgeon and apothe- cary, 313, High-street Mossman Jn. vintner,i60, High-st Mowat Jas. perfumer, 5, Brown- street, Pleasance Mowat Robt. boot & shoemaker.

West Nicolson-st Munro John, messenger, 3, Prin- ces-street [High-street Murray Geo. corn chandler, 73, Nisbet Andrew, grocer & spirit dealer, 6, India-place

Noble Tho«. carver & gilder, 28 Niddry-street

Ogilvie Dd. painter, 5, Market-st

Paxton Alex, spirit dealer, 2] Pleasance

Plum A. lodging.*, 10,High-terrac«

Pringle G. wooden clock maker/ 227, High-st

Ramsay Lady, Darnaway -street

Reid Jas. reed maker, 133,Grass- market

Reid Jno. apothecary & snrgeon-, 3, West Preslon-street

Riddell Campbell D. advocate, 32, Moray-place

Riddell Mrs. M. 32, Moray-place

Ritchie J. printer (letter-press), 28, Niddry-street

Robertson J. publican, 2, Milne-sq

Ronaldson James, publican. Co- venant-close, High-street

Rymer .lames, ginger beer manu- facturer, 43, Niddry-street

Scarrolt James, carpet, cfec. ware- house, 20, South Hanover-st.

ScottAud.spirit dealer, 46,High-9t

Shaw Wm. flesher, West-port

Smellie T. engraver, 1, Milue-sq.

Smith Caroline, straw hat maker, 8, St. Andrew-square

Smith James, general agent, 8, St. Andrew-square

Stewart Wm, bookseller, 4, South Hanover-street

Taylor Wm. & Co. soap boilers, Little Carron, Leith

Temple Robert, saddler, 5, St. Anthony's-place

Thomson Charles, engraver, 19, Shakespeare-square

Urquhart Thos. carpet manufac- turer, 7, Hanover-street

Wallace Robert & Co. printers, (letter-press)] 8, Shakespeare-gq

Wright John, surgeon and apo- thecary, 21, Downie-place

Young Wm. W. S. 55, Gt.King-st

Yule John, W.S. 4, Thistle-court ; bouse, 3, Gloucester-place COACHES.

DUNDEE, Champion, from 15, Princes- street, every morning (except Sunday) at half-pa^t six, through Coupar Fife, and returns to Eclinbro' every after- noon at half past four.

LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER, Robert Burnr, from the Star Inn, 36, Prince.s-street, every morning (except Sunday) at six, through CarlisJe, and arrives in Ed inbro' every night at eight

To GLASGOW, the Enterprize, every lawful day, at four o'clock in the af-- ternoon, from the office, 4, Princes-gt. in five hours, and leaves Glasgow for Edinbro' eveiy afternoon same hour.

The City of Edinbro' and Port of Leith (stages) run regularly, from half-past nine in the forenoon, until half-past nine at night— Offices 88, Shore, 16, Bernard-street, Leith, and 177, High- street, Ediuburgh.

^Iteratimts anU laemobals in (^lasjjoU).

Catterns Samuel, agent, 2,Croy-pl Chalmers, Kilgour, &Co. lineu &

woollen drapers, 80, Trougate Fleck Js.BIack BuIlInn,Argy le-st Fleming R.D. mercbttMorrlson'.Y-

coart

6

Gibson Robt. & Son, bat makers,

604, Argyle-street GilmouF R. & M. ironmongers.

Main-street, Gorbals [bals

Muckle Jas. flesher, Main-st. Gor- Rogerson Thos. chioa, glass, and

earthenware dealer, Main-ct.

Gorbals Simpson Jag. surgeon and apolbe*

cary, 4, Clyde-terrace, Gorbals Stirling Robert, tea dealer, 3,

Clyde-terracei Gorbals

Grant Alex. Gregor, teacher of writing, DunkeM.

SCOTLAND.

THE most early mention, made of this portion of Britain by any historian, is by Tacitus, who liourlshed about lOOyears after Christ. The original population seems to have consisted of Cimbrians from the Cimbric Chersonese, the modern Jutland. About two centuries before the Christian ?era, the Cimbrians appear to have been driven to the south of Scotland by the Caledonians or Picts, a Gothic colony from Norway. Tacitus denominates the country Caledonia ; the Venerable Bede, who wrote about the year JOO, names the country the Province of the Picts ; and Alfred the great, ■who translated his history into the Anglo-Saxon tongue, about the year 882, called the people Piohts, and their country Piohtland. From the Picts, then, or Piohts, probably originates the population of the Lowlands, the Lowlanders having been, in all ages, a distinct people from those of the western Highlands. In the tenth and eleventh century, the name of Scotia, previously applied to Ireland, was given to modern Scotland, by whi^h title it is designated by Adam of Bremen. About 258 years after Christ, the Dalriads of Bede, the Attacotti of the Ronaan writers, passed, or repassed from Ireland into Argyllshire, and became the progenitors of the Scottish Highlanders, who speak the Irish or Celtic language, while the Lowlandfcrs have always used the Scandinavian or Gothic. Fergus I, who is supposed to have reigned about 330 years before Christ, is said to have been the founder of the Scottish mo- narchy. From him, till the year 100(5, there are reckoned eighty-two Kings ; after which, till Britain became subject to one monarch, the succession was as follows : Malcolm II ; Duncan I ; Macbeath ; Malcolms HI ; Donald Yll ; Duncan II ; Edgar ; Alexander I ; David I ; Malcolm IV; William ; Alexander- II; Alexander IH; John Baliol ; Robert Bruce ; Edward I aliol ; David II ; Robert II : Robert III ; James I ; James II; James III ; James IV; James V ; Mary ; .lames VI. In 1603, on the death of queen Elizabeth, James VI of Scotland ascended the English throne, and eenstantly resided in England, he, and his successors, calling themselves kings of England and Scotland, and each country having a separate parliament, till in the year 1707, during the reign of queen Anne, both kingdoms were united under the general name of Great Britain.

Scotland, separated on the South by Solway Frith and the Cheviot Hills from England, is bounded on every other side by the sea. It is comprised (exclusive of the islands) between latitude 54'^ 35' and 58*^ 45' north, and between longitude 1* 48' and 6"^ 7' west of Greenwich. Its extent from north to south is 280 British miles, and its greatest breiadth about 150. The superficial content is computed to be 29,000 square miles of land, 638 square miles of lakes, and 18,944,000 acres of land, of which 5,043,450 are cultivated, and 13,900,550 uncultivated. The population, according to the census of 1821 was 2,09.^456, so that there are nearly 71 inhabitants to each square mile. The islands and islets on the coast are, it is supposed, nearly 300 in number ; the most remarkable are the Shetland, Orkney, and "Western Islands. — The surface of the country is singularly irregular, being, on the whole, hilly or mountainous, more especially the northern district, which comprehends nearly two thirds of Scotland, and forms what is called the Highlands, extending from Dumbarton nearly to the extremity of the island, about 200 miles. Nothing can be more awful to a stranger, than the appearance of the Highlands, where du.sky mountains rise above'each other, and lose their heads in the clouds, while the tremendous rocks fill the mind with dismay, heightened in no small degree, by the noise of numberless torrents, which pour down their steep sides. The gloomy vales and glens below, narrow, deep, and dark, add sublimity to the scene. What is generally termed the Loiv Coimlrt/, lies between the Friths of Tay and Clyde, and extends !:Outhward to the English frontier. In this division the proportion of cultivated land is very considerable, exhibiting, in many parts, verdant plains, watered by copious streams, and covered with innumerable cattle ; in others pleasing vicissi- tudes of gently rising hills and bending vales, fertile in corn, -waving with wood, and interspersed with flowery meadows. Throughout the whole extent of coast there are fine fisheries, which employ a vast number of hands, and furnish a hardy and skilful race of seamen for the British navy — The, country abounds with rivers and lakes, which are in general very pure and transparent, and abound with fish. Most of the rivers have a short cour.se from the mountains to the sea, and are consequently very rapid ;

B 9

m^Ot ^ Co/g HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. mivtttmh

the principal are the Tweed, Forth, Clyde, Tay and Spey, of which the Tay is the Lirgest ; they ail abound with line salmon and trout. The lakes of Scotland are grand and beautiful, and some of them of considerable extent ; their banks are in general clothed witli wood, and the scenery is highly picturesque and pleasing. Of these Loch Lomond is the chief, both in extent and beauty, diversified Avith a number of small romantic woody islands, and begirt with shores in some places decorated with wood, in others naked and majestic. Next to it may be ranked Loch Ness, whose waters never freeze ; Loch Tay, Loch Awe, Loch Ketterin, Loch Erne, Loch Leven, and many others, are deserving of the traveller's attention. It is worthy of rcmarK, that the name of /«t/« or lakf is given, on the western coast, to many inletsor* arms of the sea. — The most remarkable, and perhaps the most distinctive feature of Scotland, is her mountains. The principal ones are the Grampian hills, which run from east to west, from near Aberdeen to Cowal in Argyllshire, almost the whole breadth of the kingdom. Another chain of mountains, called the Pentland Hills, runs through Lothian, and joins th^se of Tweedale. A third, called Lammer Muir, rises near the eastern coast, and runs westward through the Merse. Besides the continued chains, among which may be reckoned the L'heviot, or Tiviot Hills, on the borders of England. Scotland contains many detached mountains, some of them of studendous height. Bea Nevis in Inverness, the highest mountain in Scotland, is 4370 foet above the level of the sea ; Cairngorm in Eanif, Ben Lawers in Berth, Braeriach in Aberdeen, .and some others, are not mmch interior in altitude. — Situated in the midst of the ocean, and in a high northern latitude, Scotlajid cannot bcj^ast of a regular climate. It is various, too, in different places ; the cold, however, is not so intense, as it is in similar latitudes on the continent. 'Ihe thermometer does not sink so low, duringthe winter, asitdcesin the virinity of London. Mountainous countries are always most subject to rain ; and Great Britain, being a sort of inclined plain, gradually declining from west to east, it has been thought, that, on this account, the western coast is more wet. This excess of rain is, perhaps, rather owing to the prevalence of the west wind, which brings humidity with it in its course across the Atlantic ; hence we find that more rain generally falls at Greenock than at GlasgoAv, and more at Glasgow than at Edinburgh. As a couutei balance to this, vegetation, on the eastern coast, is checked during the spring months by cold and piercing east winds. Notwithstanding all this the air is in general pure and healthy. — Scotland produces many valuable articles of commerce ; besides the trade in corn, the rearing of black cattle and sheep for the English market is very considerable. Its woods of x^ak and hr are nov/ begun to be considered with proper attention, and to be made serviceable to the uavy. The mines of coal, lead, and iron, have long been a source of wealth. Free-stone, lime-stone, and slate, are found in various places, and in great abundance. Some attention has also been lately paid to its marbles, which prove little, if at all, inferior in colour or polish to those of Italy. — Scotland cannot, at presijnt, shew many of the precious metals, though considerable quantities both of gold and silver have, at different periods, been obtained from her bowels ; and it is extremely probable that the time is not far distant, when these treasures will again be laid open. Copper has been discovered in many places, though, at present, it is nowhere wrought to any considerable extent. Of late a very rich mine of antimony has been worked, richer, it is believed, than any at present known. Most of the gems and precious stones, with the exception of the diamond, have also been found in Scotland. — The wild animals are the fox, the badger, the otter, the red deer, the wild roe, the hare, and the rabbit ; besides the wild cat, the hedgehog, weasel, squirrel, mole, &c. There is also proof of others having existed in this country, Avaich are now exterminated, viz. the buiTalo, or Avild ox, the wolf, and the beaver. Of the feathered tribe, pheasants are to be found in the woods, though scarce, also that rare and beautiful bird called Capercailzie, or cock of the wood. The ptarmigan, black game, and grouse, inhabit the heathy m^ountains ; in the vallies are partridges ; in the fens the snipe and the plover ; and in the piuins most of the English singing birds, except the nightingale. — Of late great attention has been paid to the breed of black cattle; the horses and sheep, though originally small, now rival those of England. Manufactures ofall kinds are in tiiemost thriving condition. The printedmaslins equal those of England, and the glass and stoneware are scarcely surpassed anywhere. The linens, particularly those ior the table, have long been famous. Manufactures of broad cloth, silks, and gauzes, ar also upon a respectable footing. — The inter- course with England is growing daily more frequent, to the mutual advantage of both

]0

PigOt k Co/g HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. JBircctClj).

countries. This has the effect of rendering the manners, dress, and Umgiuige of both alike; of course all national prejudice will soon be at an end.— Scotland, though neither so rich, nor so populous, as the southern division of the island, has long borne a name for martial exploits ; and of late her children have riseu to as great eminence in literature and the arts. Her bleak mountains are an exccLeut nursery for bravp and hardy soldiers ; her boisterous waves and rocky shores, for active and intrepid sailors.— J'he main land of North Britain is naturally divideu into three portions. The extremity is parted from the centre by the Murray Frith, Loch L^ess LochLochy, and Loch Linlie, connected with each other by the Caledonian canal. The midland portion is again parted from the southern by the Friths ot Forth and Clyde, the river Forth, Ben Lomond, and its cognominal lake. These are again unequally subdivided into thirty-three counties, Avhich, in the following table com- prising the sheriffdoms, stewartries, and bailiwicks, and the chief towns, are ar- ranged according to their situation.

NORTHERN DIVISION. Shires S/ierifdoms, and other SuMlvmons. Chief Towns.

1. Orkney Isles of Orkney, and Shetland ur i!

2. Caithness Included with Bute ^^^^

3. Sutherland Strathuaver, and Sutherland Doruorn

, East and West Ross, Lewis, LochbToom, Lochcarroti, ■>

4. Ross ) Ardraeannach, Redcastle, Ferriutosh, StrathpefFor, /Taiu

and 1 and Ferrhidonald. ^

5. Cromai-ty ^ West of Murray, and Cromarty ;• •,' ' * , ^'™'"^''y

fi InvPrn,^,, Ah', Stmthgk.ss, Sky, Harris, Badeuoch, Lochaber, K^^^.^^.^^^^g

o. iin erness j ^^^^ Glenmornsou '

MIDLAND DIVISION.

7. Nairn Included with Cromarty N/*'."*

8. Murray, or Elgin Murray and Strathspey ' Elgin

a r,. ff Banff, Strathdoveraii, Boyne,Enzy, Balveney, Strat- ^^^^^ y. iianit haven , and part of Bucliau

10. Aberdeen Mar, Buchan, Garioch, and Strathbogie Aberdeen

11. Kincardine, or Mearns Mearns m '^''^

12. Angus, or Forfar Forfar, Ane;us Montrose

-„ p Perth, Athol, Gowrv, Broadaibin, Monteith, Stra-

IJ. Perth thern, Stormont, Glenshield, and Raynock

14 pife Fife St. Andrews

is! Kinross '.'.'..'.'.\'.'.'.'.. .. Part of Fife Cunar, St. Andrews

16. Clackmannan Included with Fife ^4''?'^'*

17. Stirling Stirling 5,"''',"^ .

18. Dumbarton Lenox • • ■ ■ Dumbarton

,„ . „ Argyll, Cowal, Knapdale, Kintyre and Lorn, Isla, inverav.'i.v

19- Argyll Jara, MuU, Uist, Tyrie, Col, and Li.smore inveiaijiy

20. Bute Bute, Ai ran, Caithness Rothsay

SOUTHERN DIVISION.

21. Linlithgow West Lothian Linlithgow

22. Edinburgh Mid Lothian Ediubarsa

23. Haddington East Lothian Diiu bar

24. Berwick, or Merse The .Marches, and Lauderdale l^audcr

25. Roxburgh Tiviotdale, Lidisdale, Eskdale, and E wsdiile J cabnrgb

26. Selkirk Ettrick Forest Selkuu

27. Peebles Tweedale l-eeblos

28. Lanark Clydesdale Glasgow

29. Renfrew Renfrew Ren trew

30. Ayr Kyle, Carrick, and Cunningham Ayr . j.jjj j,i

31. Wigtown West part of Galloway "^^'S^^'^'" . , . ,- f R '

32. Kirkcudbright East part of Galloway Kirkcudbright ■

33. Dumfries Nithsdale, Annandale Dumtnes '

These different shires return thirty members to the imperial pailiament, each one, except the following, which alternately send one ; Bute and Caithness, Nairn and Cromarty, Clackmannan and Kinross. The Royal Burghs, which separate, or

collectively, return one member, are fifteen Thus the whole number

returned by Scotland to the House of Commons is forty-five. — I'he fojlowmg is a list of the Royal Burghs, classed together under their political union, each division sending a representative to parliament. Several other towns, however, which have not that privilege, are become very considerable, such as Paisley, Greenock, and pome others ; while many of the Royal Burghs have sunk into insignificance, — 1, Edinburgh. 2, Aberdeen (Old and New) , Bervie or Inverbervie, Montrose, Arbroath, and Brechin. 3, Ayr, Irvine, Inveraray, Rothsay, and Campbeltown. 4, Anstru- ther (East and West), Crail, Kilrenny, and Pittenweem. 5, Banff, Cullen, Kintore, Elgin, and Inveraray. 6, Stirling, Culross, Invcrkeithing, Dunfermline, and Queens-

Jl

ltg£t^C0/g_jnSTORY OF SCOTLAND. Btrcctori?.

ferry. 7, Perth, Dundee, Forfar, St. Andrew's, and Cupar. 8, Glasgow, Renfrew, Kutherglen, and Dumbarton. 9, Dumfries, Sanquhar, Annan, Lochmaben, and Kirkcudbright. 10, Inverness, Fortrose, Nairn, and Forres. 11, Xinghorn, Dvsart, Airkaldy, and Burntisland. 12, Jedburgh, Haddington, Lauder, Dunbar, and North- Berwick. 13, Selkirk, Peebles, LinlithgoAV, and Lanark. 14, Stranraer, Wigtown, Whithorn, and New Galloway. 15, Tain, Dingwall, Dornoch, Wick, and Kirkwall. thU^^^^ of the Lowlanders resembles that of the English. The dress peculiar to the Highlanders, though not so common as formerly, is still worn by many ; it is composed of woollen stuff, called tartan, of various colours checkered. Mostly they wear a sort of petticoat, reaching to the knees, and called a /celt. The stockings are made of similar checkered stuff, are short, and tied below the knee with tartan garters, formed into tassels. The Scots are uniformly sober and frugal ; instead of Javishing their gains, they are wisely laid by, or economically expended to enable them to live in comfort, and maWe a respectable appearance. Intelligence is more oommon than in most countries, owing to the number of excellent parochial schools, and the cheapness, with which education is acquired ; and there are few branches of literature, in which the Scotch have failed in attaining a degree of excellence, although they cannot boast of many authors at an early period, — Before the abolition or episcopacy, the ancient church establishment, was composed of two archbishop- rics and twelve bishopries. The national religion is now the Presbyterian, founded on an equality among its pastors. The clergy of Scotland are well educated, and singularly exemplary in their morals. Roman Catholics, of whom the number is not very considerable, are tolerated, as well as Episcopalians, and Dissenters from ^'^^^^t^blished church. — There are four universities ; that of St. Andrew, founded in 1412 ; that of Glasgow, founded in 1433 ; that of Aberdeen, founded in 1500, and that of Edinburgh, founded by James VI, in 1582.— Since the Union of the two Kingdoms, \yhich took place in 1706, the political government has been the same With that of England ; the civil code, however, and the manner of administering justice are different. Of this, and of the principal events, which have occurred in Scotland, more particular notice will b« taken in the historical description of ii-dinburgh.

EDINBURGHSHIRE,

OR MID-LOTHIAN, is bounded on the north by the Frith of Forth, on the south by the counties of Lanark, Peebles, and Selkirk, on the east by Haddington- shire, and Berwickshire, Avhile the county of Linlithgow completes the boundary on the west. Its greatest length from east to west is about 28 miles, its breadth from north to south about 16; and it contains 354square miles, 145,000 acres of cultivated, and 81,560 acres of uncultivated land. In the south-cast corner is the district of the Muirfoot-hills ; these occupy about 32,000 acres, and some of them exceed 1800 feet in height above the level of the sea. The Pentland Hills, of rather inferior elevation, fill a space of more than 26,000 acres. It may, however, be said of this county in general, that in variety of soil, richness of prospect, and native treasures, it is ex- ceeded by none in Scotland. The great number of elegant seats and villas, which adorn its surface in every direction, the rapid improvement of its agriculture, and the inexhaustible supply of coal, limestone, and free-stone, with which it abounds, contribute to give it this superiority. The rivers of the county have but a run of a few miles, and are consequently small. The Water of Leith takes its rise in the Pentland Hills, and at Leith empties itself into the Forth. As a river, it makes an inconsiderable appearance, its waters being much divided, and contaminated by the dyehouses and other manufactures established on its banks. However it is of great utility, turning, in less than fourteen miles, a great number of mills, besides supply- ing bleachfields, distilleries, skinneries, &c. with water. The North and the South Esk unite their steams near Dalkeith, and empty themselves into the Frith at INIussel- ^urgh. The Almond and the Gala are of minor importance. The climate, though in a pretty high latitude, nearly 56*^, is, upon ihe whole, healthy, and not unfavour- able to vegetation ; its greatest drawback is instability ; a single day fretjuently La

Pttrot^Co.'s

EDINBURGHSHIRE

2Bi\crtcii')j.

exhibits all the diversity of the four seasons ; and the cold east winds, which generally prevail for more than two months in the spring, are a great hinderance to vegetation, as well as hurtful to fruit, and injurious to health.

POPULATION OF THE SHIRE OF EDINBURGH.

City oi- Edinburgh.

{Ancient- S,- Extended Burgh) Andrew's St. - - - - P 'College Cluirch - - ^ ~ p George's St. Church - - P Grey-Friars', New - - - p Grey-Friars', Old . . - p High Church - - - - p LaiJy Yester's - - - - p ^ew-^orth-Ch.^lrch - - p

Old Church p

Toil-Booth-Church - - - p Tron-Church - - - - P

SUBVliDS Canonga - - . . . p

St. Cuthberl's - . . - p T.eith, North - - - - p Leith, South - - - - ■ p Total ill the City, &c.

SHIRi; OF KDINBURGH

Borlhwick ----- p

Calder, Mid - ■ - - p

Calder, West ----//

Carrington, otherwise Prim- rose -------p

Cockpen - - . - - - p Collington ----- p

Corstorphine - - - - P

Cramoiid (part of) - - - p the remriinder of this parish is

in Linlithgoirshire Cranston ------ p

Hous-		Fe-
es	IMales	males
' 1 ^	.	'
10.5.5	6.5Go	9283
17(3	1900	2079
454	2398	3672
238	2183	2449
220	226J	2464
124	1140	1423
J 02	1069	1264
79	1034	1147
108	1302	1.506
129	I4o8	1084
117	1.523	1835
43;;	4.5()3	5307
3853	224-53 281441
1.52 J	3210 3809 1
1312	90i;5	99.50
992.5	02099	76130
299	643	702
214	722	688
293	711	747
110	275	275
421	88f;	1039
472	994	1025
289	fi.56	665
281	857	878
2:31	474	480

1345 1410

1458

530

1925 2019 1321 1735

954

Shire of Edinburgh

continued.

Crichlon - - - . . . p

Currie .--- - -.»

Dalkeith ------;,

Duddinsjston - - - p

County part - - Duddiiigston, Easter Duddingstoii, VV' ester Joppa ^ - - - - -

Portobello - - -

Fala fpart ofj - - - p

the renifiindcr of ttiis parisli is

in Haddingtonshire Gieacross ■ ----- jO

Heriot ------- p

Inveresk ------ p

Kirkliston (part of) - - p till- remainder of this parish is

in Linlithgowshire - - Kirknewtoii & East Calder p Lasivade ..--.- p Libberlon ------ p

Newbattle P

Newton - . - . - . p Penuycuick . - - - . p

llatho - P

Stow ..-.---p Temple ------ p

Total in theShiie

Grand Total

Hous-		Fe-
es	Males	males	Total.
	^^.^.— .^	^— >- — '	^-— V— '
291	585	61(1	1195
.3.57	837	878	1715
737	2408	2761	5169
R7	279	279	558
27	81	101	182
4!	81	121	2(J9
39	100	127	227
334	781	1131	1912
73	142	135	277
118	348	313	661
OC	147	151	29H
1700	3578	4258	783(5
89	340	268	608
267	756	7.57	1513
848	2084	2102	4186
986	2077	2199	4276
363	822	S97	1719
443	1031	1119	2150
359	943	1015	1958
224	805	639	1444
228	640	673	1313
236 10524	577	579 27619	1156
25660	53279
20449	87759	103755	191514

CITY OF EDINBURGH,

HISTORY-

I^'HIS niaguificent city, tlie metropolis of Scot- land, and the capital of the county of the same name, lies in 55° 58' of northern latitude, and in 3° 13' of western longitude from Greenwich. The origin of Edinburgh, like that of most other ancient citie.s, is involved in much obscurity ; but its natural situation, on the ridge of a steep hill, terminated, at one end, by au inaccessible rock, must have pointed it out, at an early age, as a fit place for se- curity or defence, in a district exposed to predatoiy incursions. It is mentioned as existing in the middle of the eighth century, under the name of Edwines- Inirch, which renders it probable, that it received its origin and name from the Northumbrian prince Edwin. It is ])robable too, that it was constituted a royal burgh by David I, for he is supposed to be the first who erected royal burghs, and in the char- ter for the foundation of the abbey of Holyrood- house, in the year 1128, he mentions this place by the title of "niy burgh of Edwinesburg" In 1215 a parliament first met here ; but it was not until after 1456, when ])arlianients were held in it regularly, that Edinburgh was looked on as the capital of Scot- laud. Robert I, in 1,'529, granted the town of Leith, with its harbour and mills, to Edinburgh. The city was open and defenceless, till 1450, when James II. granted the inhabitants a charter to fortify the lown in what manner they might deem most expe- dient. In consequence of this grant, a wall was erected, part of which, called the Well-house- tower (vulgarly named Wallace's lower), is still visible. In 1482, James III granted to the citizens two charters, one, by which the chief municipal

magistrate, here called the provost, was made here- ditary high sheriff within the city, which office is still enjoyed ; the other, by which the town-council were empowered to make by-laws for the govern- ment of the city; and, as a further mark of his esteem, he presented the incorporated trades with a standard, which, known by the name of t\\e. Blue Blanket, still exists, and is kept by the Convener of the Trades for the time, in 1504 the Borough Moor, to the southward of the city, was inconveni- ently covered with wood, though not a vestige of such a circumstance now remains. In the general consternation, which succeeded the defeat of the unfortunate James IV, at the disastrous battle of Flowden, in 151.'^, additional and extended fortifi- cations were raised, aiul it was ordered, that every fourth man should watch at night.

To prevent surprise in future, a militia was raised for the protection of the city, which was long- afterwards known under the denomination of the Towti Guard, and which was only finally disbanded in 1817. Soon after the battle of Fiowden the l)lague raged with great violence, and carried off many of the inhabitants. In 1515, during the con- tests for povver, in the minority of James V, the Earl of Arran and Bishop Beaton, afterwards Cardi- nal, displeased at the Earl of Angus's marriage with the Queen dowager, attacked hint and his friends in tlie streets, \vhen upwards of two hundred and fifty men were slain, and the Bishop, being taken pri- soner, would have been put to death by the victori- ous jiartv, had it not been for the intercession of the celebrated Gawin Douglas, brother to the Earl

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of Angui, and tlie translator of Virgil. lu 1542, Henry VHI, of England, being foiled, through the influence of Cardinal Beaton, in his attempts to unite the crown of Scotland, with that of England, by the mariiage of his son Edward with the young Cinecu of Scots, sent two hundred tail of vessels into tlic Frith of Forth, under the command of the Earl of Hartford, who, having disembarked his troops, took and burned Leith and Edinburgh, plundered the adjacent country, and withdrew. These towns, however, soon recovered, and Edin- burgh arose from its ashes, more splendid than eve)'. In 1547, after the defeat of the Scots at Pin- kie, Edinburgh vcas again pillaged by the Englisli, but escaped confiagratijn.

About this time the reform in religion was ma- king rapid progress in various slates of the European continent. 'I'lie Reformers, known by the name of the members of the Congregation, urged on by the persuasive eloquence of John Knox, made themselves masters of the principal cities of Scotland, destroyed many of the abbeys and churclies, and the most terrible excesses were committed by both parties, which little suited their professions of Toleration and Christianity. The different parties, in turn, gained the ascendency. The Catholics, at the head of whom was Mary of Guise, the Queen regent, admitted a French force to their assistance ; and the CongregatioUj beginning to despair, applied for aid to Queen Elizabetii, wliose jealousy ot the French faction, and zeal for the reformed religion, they well knew. She accordingly seni a fleet of ships, and au army of six thousand foot and two thousand horse. The Fiench forces in Leith were forced to capitulate, and leave the kint dom. Vari ous penal statutes were enacted again: t the Catho- lics, and the fortifications of Leith were ordered to be demolished. These occurrences took place be- tween 1557 and 1561. In August of the latter year, Mary, Queen of Scots, arriving from France to take possession of the tlirone of her ancestors, v^'as fir.st treated with every demonstration of respect, but afterwaids with equal indignity; and that freedom in the choice of a form of worship, which the citi- zens of Edinburgh claimed for themselves, they denied to their Queen. It having been determined to try two men, who had, with many others, tu- multuously interrupted the Catholic service at Holy- roodhouse, in I5')3, Knox i&sued circular letters, requiring all true believers to repair to Edinburgh on the day of trial, to comfort their distressed brethren. Ou this account he was himself tried for treason ; Imt after a long hearing, he was unani- mously acquitted by a Protectant jury. In 16'57, after the muider of Darnley, the marriage of tlie Queen with Bothwell having given offence to the nobility, the confederate lords raised an army, and advanced from Stirling to Edinburgh: Bothwell and the Queen retired to Dunbar, and the army of the nobles entered the city without opposition. The surrender of Mary, at Piukie, her exposure as a .•spectacle in the streets of the metropolis, her con- finement in the castle of Lochleven, and her abdi- cation of the crown in favor of her infant son James, soon followed. Tiic contending parties, however, still continued for upwards of two years lo carry on a kind of predatory war with alternate euccess, till the castle of Edinburgh, which was defended by Kirkaldy, a partisan of the Queen's, was, after a desperate resistance, compelled to surrender. A parliament was appointed to be held in Edinburgh ; and on the 17th October 1579, James VI, after- wards James I. of England, entered the city with great pomp. This monarch brought the refiactory clergy to their duty, and, at a public entertainiuent given to the nobles in the capital, he brought about a reconciliation, and made them promise to bury their past differences in oblivion. In 1588, when the citizens were alarmed by the approach of the Spanish Armada, they raised three liundred men for the defence of the place, and of the King's per- son. In 1591 they defeated an attempt of Earl Bothwell to seize his Majesty. Bothwell re- tired to the north ; and the King liaviBg unadvi-

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sedly commissioned the Earl of Huntley to pursue him with fire and sword, the latter gratified his private revenge by tlie murder of the Earl of Mur- ray, the favourite of the people. In consc(iuence of this, the indignant populace rose in a tumultuous manner, and openly insulted both the magistrates and the king. James upon this prudently withifrew from the city, and fixed his residence for some time at Glasgow. In 1596^ Edinburgh was distracted by a serious commotion, occasioned by the differences between the clergy and the king. James withdrew, with all his attendants, to Linlithgow, and other- wise acted with so much vigour, as to dismay his adversaries. The city was declared to have forfeited its privileges as a corporatioa, and to be liable to all the penalties of treason. And although, in compli- ance with the wishes of Queen Elizabeth, who interceded in their favour, James absolved the citi- zens from the peiihlties of the law ; yet he would not peiinit them to elect their own magistrates, nor their own ministers ; many new burdens were im- posed ou them ; and a great sum of nwney was exacted by way of peace-offering. In 1603, James, amidst the tears and felicitations of his Scottish subjects, took an affectionate farewell, previous to his taking possession of the English throne. In 1609, being entirely reconciled to the citizens of Edinburgh, he allowed the provost to have a sword of state carried before him, and the magistrates to wear gowns on public occasions. In 1618, the king paid his last visit to the city, on which occasiou he was entertained with the greatest pomp and magni- ficence.

In 1637 Charles attempted the establishment of Episcopacy in Scotland ; but Presbyterianism was so deeply rooted, that the enraged populace assaulted Lord Tranquair and some of the bisiiops, who narrowly escaped with their lives. Notwith- standing these differences between the king and his subjects, on the score of religion, Charles, when he visited Scotland four years after, was sumptu- ously entertained by the magistrates of Edinburgh, at an expense of 12,000/ Srottish money, or 1000/ Sterling, lu 1680, the Cuke of York (afterwards James II of England) with his Duchess the Princes Anne, and tht" whole court of Scotland, was enter- tained in the Parliament-house by the magistrates, at an expense of 1250/ sterling. At this time, it is said, the plan for building a bridge across the North Loch was first projected by the Duke of York. Upon the accession of William, a serious commotion wa3 excited in Edinburgh. The rioters, proceeding to Holyroodhouse, with a determination of destroying the royal chapel, were opposed by a party of about a hundred men, who were stationed in tlie abbey, and who adhered to the interests of James ; twelve of the populace were killed, and a considerable number wounded. However another skirmish im- mediately followed, in which the popular party were victorious, and James's party were either kil • led or made prisoners ; the royal chapel was demo- lished, and many of the houses of the Catholics were plundered.

'1 he Union between the two kingdoms in 1707, whicb has been productive of so many advan- tages to Scotland, caused at first a considerable diccurbance in Edinburgh; and the measure w^as so unpopular at the time, that it was found necessary to introduce four regiments of foot, besides the re- gular guards, to protect the members of parliament, and preserve the peace of the city. During the re- bellion of 1715, Edinburgh remained taithful to the house of Hanover; and such measures were taken by the magistrates and the inhabitants generally, that the rebels, who had temporary possession of Leith, retreated during the night without making any attempt on the city. The expense of the prepara- tions for defence, at this time, amounted to 1700/, which governniLiit repaid in 1721. On the passing of the excise -bill in 1725, when disturbances took place in almost every part of the kingdom, particu- larly in Glasgow, the tranquillity of the metro|)olis was so remarkable, that the magistrates received the thank? of goverumeut ou the occasiou. In 1736,

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at the dose of the execution of a smuggler for rob- bing the collector of excise, the popular tumult and indignation rose so high, that Captain Porteous, who commanded the city guard, gave liis men orders to fire, when twenty of tke inhabitants were killtd and wounded. Captain Porteous was tried for mur- der, condemned, and ordered for execution. He was, however, respited for six weelis ; but the exas- perated populace forced him from his pri.son and hanged him, in despite of the civil authorities, on a sign -post. A royal proclamation was issued, offer- ing a reward of 200 / to any person, even an accom- plice, who would impeach one of those concerned in the riot : no discovery was however made. The city of Edinburj^li was tined 2000/ for the benefit of Porteou!!'s widow, and the provost was declared in- capable of ever serving governmeut in any capacity whatever.

In the year 1745, upon the lauding of the young Pretender in the north-west of Scotland, the inhabitants of Edinburgh made all the prepara- tions in their power for the defence of the city; but, owing to the cowardice of the dragoons, the main army of the enemy entered on the 17th of Septem- ber, seized the arms, artillery, and ammunition, belonging to the cily, levied a contribution of a thousand tents, two thousand tai'gets, six thousnnd pairs of shoes, and a proportionable number of water-cantines. However, they committed no ex- cesses, and after keeping po^;sessiou of the city, without having made any impression on the castie, they departed peaceably on the 31st of October for England. The following year, after the battle of Culloden, which for ever sunk the hopes of the Stuart' family, the Duke of Cumberland, with a littleness of mind, unworthy of a great man, ordered fourteen of the standards, which he had taken, to be burned at the public cross of Edinburgh, in all the burlesque pomp, which common hangmen and cl]imney-svveej)ers could devise. Soon after the ter- mination of this unfortunate rebellion, the Lord Provost was brought to account for not defending the city ; but, after a protracted trial, he was unani- mously acquitted by the jury, who considered, that resistance would hare been unavailing. It is not necessary to paiticularize about half a dozen trifling riots, which subsequently took place on difl'erent occasions; but in 1778 one of an alarming nature threatened very serious consequences. A Highland regiment, which had been ordered off to India 'v/ithout consulting the men's inclinations, mutinied, took possession of Arthur's seat, and further insisted on their arrears of pay. Representations, threats, and offers of accommodation, were alike disre- garded, until the Lords Dunmore andMacdonald, on whose honour the Highlanders could rely, brought matters to an amicable termination. In the follow- ing year, also, an attempt to repeal the penal sta- tutes against the Catholics occasioned serious tumults, during which one Catliolic chapel was burned, another plundered, and the books and sa- cred fiunilure, belonging to tlie priests, carried olf i)r destroyed. The cily was afterwards amerced in the sum of 1500/, to compensate the Catholics for me damages they had sustained. In April of the same year, a parly of about fifty Highland recruits, having imbibed erroneous ideas as to their destina- tion, mutinied, and were not subdued, till twelve of them were killed, as well as two privates and a captain of the feneibh s, who were sent to reduce tijeni ; several were also wounded on both sides. On the 15th of August, 1822, his present majesty, George IV, landed at Leith, where the imtiiense multitudes, assembled to witness his arrival, greeted hiui in the most enthusiastic manner. His majesty moved in splendid procession towards the city ; and on his arrival at the barrier, the Lord Provost, ac- companied by the magistrates, nresented him with the silver keys of the city, amidst the applauses of thousands. His arrival at the palace of 'Holyrood- house was announced by saluies, fired from the castle, and fromguns placed on Salisbury crags, and the Calton Hiil. During his stay the King re- sided at Dalkeith House^ which had been fitted up

fo)- his reception ; on the 29th he embarked at Port Edgar, and arrived in London on the 1st of Sep- tember. The ciowds of well-dessed people in the streets, the clans in their dilferent cosUimes, the unprecedented number of equipages, and the gene- ral expression of gaiety, which Ettinburgh presented during the royal visit, will not soon be forgotten.

In 1753 Edinburgh occupied the same space of ground, which it had done for centuries before. Since that peiiod it has been enlarged to three times its former extent; and it is now, in point of external elegance and picturesque beauty, probably not inferioi- to any city in Europe. lu 1763 the North i^och was drained, and the foun- dation stone of the North iiiidge laid; in ]76'7 an act was passed for exteiiding the royalty over the fields to the North. The New To wii was hnmedi- ately commenced, and the building proceeded with so much rapidity, that, in 1778, St. Andrew's Square, and the streets connected witli it, were nearly completed. 'lYiC dimensions of this square are 510 feet by 520, audit was the first of that deno- mination, of any extent, laid out in Edinbuigh. Geoi'ge's Square was begun in 17CG, and in twelve years three sides of it were completed ; its dimen- sions are 670 feet by 500. The foundation stone of the South Hridge was laid in 1785, and the bridge was opened for carriages early in 1788. Tlie earthen mound had already connnenced in 1783, and, while it furnished a ready communication wiih the build- ings erected to the westward of the North Bridge, it also served as a central |)lace of deposit for the earth dug from their foundations. The erection of the University, the improvement of the buildings for the Supreme Courts, and ihe building of a new Pri- son, successively followed. But the most important improvement was the erection of a Bridge over the low lane and ground, which divided Prince's-street from the Calton- Hill, and the formation of a road, vvhich might join the Great London Road in a less circuitous and more level line, than the one for- merly in use. The foundations of the Regent's Bridge were laid on the 19th of September 1815 : the building itself was begun in August 1816, and completed in IMarch 1819. The idea of a water com- munication between Edinburgh and Glasgow had been long entertained, various lines were surveyed for the purpose of carrying this measure into effect, and the celebrated engineer, Mr. Rennie, suggested a practicable line on one level, from Burntsfield Links, Edinburgh, to Hillhead, within two miles of Glasgow, at an estimated expense of 470,000/; but, after several meetings, it was finally agreed to adopt the line proposed by Mr. Baird ; and the work commenced at the west end of Gilmore-street, on the 3rd of March, 1818. This canal, vvhich is five feet deep, forty feet wide at the surface, and contracts to twenty two feet at the bottom, begins at tb.e Lothian road, on the west of the town, cros- ses the water of Leith at Slateford, passes Ihe vil- lages of Ratho, Broxburn, and Winchburgh, with the towns of Linlithgow and Falkirk, and joins the Forth am} Clyde Canal at Lock No. 16, near the village of Cumelon, after a course of thirty one miles and a half. In this line there are thiee principal aqueducts, a tunnel, near Prospect- Hill, almost half a mile in length, and eleven locks close together, and distant about a mile west of Falkirk. The estimated expense of this canal, which is called the Union Canal, was 240,000/, raised in shares of 50/ each. It was opened in May, 1822, since which time streets and squares have rapidly risen in the neighbourhood of the basin, at the head of the Lothian road, and coals have been furnislied to the city at a diminution of one third of tiie price. — Daring the last thirty years the improve- ments both in the Old Town and the New Town, have been almost inconceivable, particularly in the latter; churches, streets, squares, and public edifices have risen iu rapid succession ; old or incon- venient buildings have been removed, and the accommodations for foot-passengers considerably improved.

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DESCRIPTION.

Edinburgh is situale in the northern j)art of the county, and about two miles south of the Frith of Forth. The city stands on three hills, which run in a direction from east to west ; the central hill, on which the most ancient part of the city is built, is terminated on tlie west by an inaccessible rock, from which the castle overlooks the town. To- wards the north, the ground declines gently to the F'rith of Forth ; Arthur's Seat, Salisbury Crags, and the Calton Hill, bound it on the east; the Hills ofHraid, and the extensive ridge of the Pentland Hills, rise on the south ; and the beautiful eminence of Corstorphine Hill lears its summit on the west. These hills foim a niagniticent amphitheatre, in which on elevated, though on ground of less alti- tude, stands the metropolis of North Britain. The Old Fart of the city stands on the central ridge ; the New 'J'own occni)ies au elevated plain on the north : and the Soutliern District is situated on a rising ground in the opposite direction. The hill, on which the Old Town is placed, is sejjarated from the other districts by two vallies, one of which on the northern side, formerly occupied by a lake now drained, possesses streets and bridges, "which afford a ready communication between the difl'crent parts of the capital.

High-street, the principal one in the Old Town, occupies the flat surface of the centml hill, and ex- tends in a nearly straight line fiom the Castle, oi> the western extremity, to the Falace of Holyrood- house, on tlie east ; it is iio/O feet in length, and about. 90 in breadth. The upper part of this street is elevated about 140 feet above the level of the drained Loch on the north side, and as the ground gently declines to the east, it is about 180 feet above the palace of Holyroodhousc. The height of the Jiouses in this quarter is au interesting object, and the High-street is perhaps unequalled in grandeur. Froirr the High-street descend, in parallel lines, numerous lanes not more than six feet wide, ex- tremely steep and difficult of passage; these are called Closes, while those, which admit of a carri- age, are called U'ynds. — The Earthen- ISlound is JfiO feet in length, its average breadth 160 feet, and its perpendicular height 78 feet. It was begun, in 1783, in the morass, which separates the old from the new part of the city. It was chiefly formed from the rubbish atid earth dug from the foundations of the houses in the New Town, and is calculated to con- tain more than half a million of cubic yards^of earth, or above tifteen hundred thousand cart-loads. Had* the work been performed at the moderate rate of sixnence per load, digging, filling, and carting incmded, it would have amounted to the sum of 37,537^ sterling ; but it cost the city nothing except the expense of spreading the soil. — The North Bridge vi&% founded, and the first stone was laid by Provost Drummond, on the 21st of October 1763. In that year the North Loch, which separates the New Town from the Old, was drained, and the mud removed. The sum agreed for vv'as 10,140/ sterling; the work was to be completed before ftlartiiimas 1769, and JNlr. William iMylne, the con- tracting aicliitect, was to uphold it for ten years. But as the foundations were not laid sufficiently deep, and the piers were not raised to a proper height, on the 3rd of August, 1769, when the work was nearly completed, jnirt of the bridge gave way; five people weie buried in the ruins, aiul eleven others consideiably hurt. The expense' of repairing andcom])leting the whole amounted to about 18,000/. This bridge consists of three great cetitral arches, with several smaller ones at each end; the total length of the bridge, from the High-street to Prin- ces-street, is 112,5 feet; the breadth within tjie walls over the arches is 40 feet ; and the breadth at each end 50 feet. — 'ilie foundation stone of the South Bridge was laid on the 1st of August, 1783. This bridge, consisting of twenty two arches, was built ; the old houses were removed; elegant new houses on both sides were finished ; the shops occupied ; and the street was o])encd for carriages,

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in March, 1788; an operation of astonishing cele" rity, when the magnitude of the undertaking, and the elegance of its execution are considered. On each side of the bridge, some of the building lots, which were purchased for 30,000/. by the city, were sold at the rate of96,000/.;7er statute" acre, and some even as high as the amazing sum of 1.50,000/. per acre.

The Southern District of the city occupies the rising ground on the opposite side of the centra) ridge. The buildings in this quarter contain a mix- ture of the ancient and modern styles of architec- ture. Of the former description are the suburbs of Potter-row and Pleasance; of the latter are George's Square, Brown's Square, and Argyle Square. George's Square, by far the most e.Ktensive of any in this quarter, is 570 feet by 500. It is neatly de- corated with shrubberies and flower-borders. In the neighbourhood are elegant mansions, genteel streets, and pleasant walks.

The Northern District, generally called the New Town, was first projected in 1752 ; but the execution of the design was suspended till the year 1767. In that year an act of parliament was obtained, by which the royalty was extended over the fields to the north- ward of the city ; and the plan of the present build- ings was designed by Mr. James Craig, architect. By this plan a canal was to be made through the North Loch, and the northern bank of it was to be laid out in terraces. Accordingly several gentlemen erected elegant houses fronting the projected un- dertaking. The magistrates, however, unwarrant- ably deviating from the original design, a lawsuit was commenced against them before the court of Session ; and the pursuers (the plaintiffs) being defeated, appealed to the House of Lords, who re- versed the decision of the Court of Session. The New Town may be regarded as consisting of two parts; the one, the New Town, which was de- signed in 1752, and which is completed; the other, the additional buildings, erected, or erecting, to the east, west, and north of the former. The former of these divisions, which stands upon the horizon- tal ridge, on the north side of the Old Town, is laid out in the form of a parallelogram, the sides of which measure 3,900 feet by 1090. The principal longitudinal streets are three; Prince's-street, George's-street and Queen-street, and these are intersected by six others. George's-street divides the New Town into two equal parts. This street, which is 115 feet broad, has perhaps no rival in the grandeur of its appearance, the elegance of its archi- tecture, or its exact uniformity. On the east it is terminated by a beautiful square, called St. Andrew's; and on the west by another, ot most superb build- ings, called Charlotte Square.— In the centre of St. Andrew's Square, stands the elegant Column erec- ted by subscriptions, chiefly of naval officers, to the memory of the late Lord Melville. This noble pillar, principally copied from Trajan's Column at Rome, was begun in April 1821, and finished in Atigust 1822. The whole height of the column and pedestal is 136 feet 4 inches'; the statue, intended for the top, is to be about 16 feet more; the dia- meter of the column at the base is 12 feet 2 inches ; at the top 10 feet 6 inches : and the internal stair- case contains 192 steps. That part of the North Loch, which lies to the west of the mound, was inclosed in 1821 ; the ground was drained, planted with trees, shrubs, and flowers, and walks formed. Keys are furnished to the jiroprietors of the houses in Prince's-street, on the payment of a small annual sum.— Tlie Queen-street Gardens, comprising the ground between Queen's-street and Abercromby Place, had, previously to this period, been laid out by the proprietors of the houses in a shrubbery with walks; though an act of parliament was not procured till 1822. The ground, between Queen's-street and Heriot Row, has also been purcha.sed for the same purpose. — [n a line with Prince's-street is the new approach to the city by Regent's Bridge. The act of parliament authorising the erection of this bridge, and the formation of the road, the most splendid of the recent improvements of Edinburgh, was passed in 1814. The foundation stones of the bridge and

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new jail were laid in Septciiiber, 1815, by Sir Jolm Majorh)aiiks; the work was begun in August, 1816, and tinislied in March, 181i). It is executed, as well as the adjacent buildings, in the Grecian style of ar- chitecture. The arch over the Low Calloii is semi- circular, and 50 feet in width. At the north front it is 45 feet in height, and at the south front 54 feet 2 inches. The lieight, at the norfh side of the arch, from the Low Calton to the street on the to]) of the bridge, is .50 feet 9 inches, nnd at the south side 59 feet; tlic depth of the arcli, from north to south, is 82 feet 6 inches. The roadwi v of the bridge is form- ed by a number of reverse arclies on each side, which support the rocky materials, of which the road is iiiaae. The great arch is ornamented on the south and north by two opeu arches, supported by elegant pillars of the Corinthian order, the latter having the following inscription ; " 77ie Regent's Bridge com- menced in the ever metmirable year 1815. Sir John Mdjoribanks of Lees, Baronet, M. P. Lord I'rovoHt of the City. ArchiUald Elliot, Architect." The purchase of the old property, to opeu this commu- nication, was 52,000/., and the building lots sold for the immense sum of 35,000/. On the north side of the Regent's Bridge is the magnificent Waterloo Tavern and Hotel, built by subscription at the cost of about ;i0 ,000/.

National Monument of Scotland. — Soon after the conclu.siou of the late war, which owed its success- ful termination chiefly to British bravery and intre- pidity, it was resolved to erect some building in Edinburgh to record events, in which the heroism of Scotsmen was eminently consp'icuous j and, as the Caltot) Hill resembled the Acropolis ot Athens, it was resolved to erect a model of the Parthenon upon that elevated situation. — The sanction of par- liament was obtained in 1822 for the erection of this edifice, and the foundation stone was laid during his majesty's visit, on the 27th of August in the same year. Part of the interior is, it is understood, to be appropriated as a church, and part a.s a cemetery. The total cost of the erection will not exceed 40,000/. — In addition to the New Town, a plan has been formed of extending the city, on the north- ward, to the water of Leith, and eastward, to the town and port of Leith. Part of this plan is already executed, nnd the remainder is rapidly going for- ward.— The Earl of Moray's grounds, which imme- diately adjoin Charlotte Square and the streets to the northward, are also laid out for building, on the plan of Mr. Gillespie. — The extent of Edinburgh from east to west is about two English miles, from north to south about the same: and the circumfe- rence of the whole is nearly eiglit miles.

ANTIQUITIES.

Edinburgh Cross, of which frequent mention is made in history, was an ancient structure of an oc- tagonal form. It was composed of Gothic and Gre- cian architecture, and measured sixteen feet in diameter, aud fifteen in height, exclusive of a co- lumn, which rose from the middle. The entrance to the building was by a door facing the east, from "which a stair led up to' the platform on the top. — From the centre of (he platform rose a column of a single stone, twenty-one feet high, and eighteen inches in diameter; above this there was a unicorn, very vvell executed in stone. This building was taken down in 1756, on account of its incommoding the street. At this Cross, formerly, all public pro- clamations were issued, and rejoicings held. Here titled criminals suffered the punishment due to their crimes; here also merchants, and others, met on market-days for the transaction of business; and, though a commodious exchange has been since erect- ed, yet, either through the force of habit, or attach- ment to the place, the merchants still continue to meet on the radiated pavement, which marks the ■ site of the ancient Cross. — The house of the great , Scottish reformer, John Knox, one of the most an- cient stone edifices in Edinburgh, stands on the north side of the foot of the High-street, and, pro- jecting into the street, reduces it by nearly one half of its widih. On the front, to the west, i's a fig\ire

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in alto relievo, pointing up to a radiated stone, on which is sculptuied the name of the Divinity in Greek, Latin, and Englisli.— ©EOS, Heus, God. The Hare-Stone, from which James IV. displayed his standard at the muster of his army, before he marched to the disastious battle of Flowden,may still be seen built into the wall on the left hand of the high road 1o Horoughniourhead, not far from Burntsficld Links. — At a little distance to the west- ward stands JMerchi-fton-Castle, rendered famous as having been the lesidence uf Baron Nainer,the cele- brated inventor of Logarithms. — St. R/argaret's IFell is an ancient Gothic structure of beuiuiful work- manship, a little to the .=oufh of the village of Kes- talrig. It is of a ciicular form, and sujipnrted in tlic centre by a handsome pillar. — The ruir.s of the Chapel and Hermitage of St. Anthony are siiiuted on the norih side of Arthur's seat, in view of the road called the Duke's Walk. 'I'he chapel was 4.^ feet long, 18 broad, and 18 high. At its west end was a tower 19 feet square, and upwards of 40 feet high. At the foot of the rock is the sjiring ccle- biatcd in an old .Stottish ballad by tlie name of St. Anton's fl'ell. The seal of the monastery, which stood a little to the north-west of the ])resent church of South Leith, is still prestrved in the Advocates' Library.-^'he ruins of the Church of Restalrig stand about a mile east from Edinburgh. It was ordered by the general assembly, at the commencement of the Reformation, to be demolished, as a remnant of idolatry; but tiie great eastern window is still pretty entire.

I'OLITIGAL AND CIVIL ESTABLISHMENTS.

Edinburgh Castle is situated on the western and rugged extremity of the central liill on which the ancient part of the city is built. The area of the rock, on which the castle stands, measures about seven statute acres. It is elevated 383 feet above the level of the sea, and is accessible only on the eastern side, the others being nearly perpendicular. Within are several batteries, magazines, store-rooms, ai- senals for upwards of 30,000 stand of arms, banacks containing lodgings for 2000 men with their ottieers, and every other requisite for the mustering and ac- commodation of a numerous garrison. In a small room on the ground floor, Mary, Queen of .Scots, was delivered, on the 19th of June, 1566, of her only son Jaiues VI., afterwards James I»of England, in whom vvt'ie united the crowns of the two kingdoms. In an apartment, in this quarter, called the Crown- room, aie deposited the Scottish Regalia, consisting of the crown, sceptie, and sword of stute, which were placed here on the 26th of March, 1707. They are of elegant workmanship, and in perfect preser- vation. The Crown is of \nuc golcl, liighly orna- mented with precious stones. I'lie Sceptre is of silver double-gilt, with a stein two feet long, of an hexagonal form, divided by three buttons or knobs. It is surmounted with a crystal globe Ivvo inches and a quarter in diameter ; its whole length is tliirfy-four inches. The Sword of State is five feet long, and of exquisite workmanship. The pommel and" hilt are silver gilt, and fifteen inches in length ; the tiaverse is seventeen inches and a half. The scabbard is of crimson velvet, and richly ornamented. This sword was presented by Pope Julius II. to James the IV. Two persons, attired as wardens of the Tower, at- tend to shew these relics of Scottish Royalty. Edin- burgh Castle has a governo.-, generally a native no- bleman, a deputy-governor, who resides within the walls, a fort-major, store-keeper, master-gunner, aud chaplain. — Queen Margaret, the widow of Mal- colm Canmore, died here in 1093, a few days after her liusband was slain ; and in the same year it was besieged by Donald Banc, brother to King Malcolm, assisted by the Norwegians. In 1174 it was deliver- ed up to the English, together with many other strong-holds, but shortly after restored. In 12.19 the daughter of Henry III. of England, maiiying Alex- ander III. had this castle assigned for her rt'.sidence. During the contest bct\veeu Bi ace and Baliol iu

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1296, the castle was besieged and taken by the Eng- lish ; but in 1313 it was le-taken by Sir 'riionias Randolph, when King Robert Bruce caused it, with the other recovered fortresses, to be demolished. It remained in ruins, till King Edward III. gave orders for its being re-built, and placed a strong garrison in it. In 1.341 it was surprised by William Douglas. During the reign of Robert lit. the burgesses of Edinburgh had the singular privilege conferred upon lliem of erecting dwellings within the Castle, subject to no other limitation, than that they should be per- sons of good fame. The Castle of Edinburgh has, at different times, served not only for the residence, l)ut also for the prison of the Scottish monarchs. Thus James 11. in the year 1438, was detained here by Sir William Crichton, the chancellor. Here, too, William, the sixth Earl of Douglas, was basely mur- dered by Crichton, who envied his rici es, and dread- ed his power. James III. was also confined in this castle by his subjects for nine months, till he was released, in the year 1482, by the Duke of Albany, who, assisted by the citizens of Edinburgh, sur- prised the castle. In 1.573, this fortress was held for the unfortunate Queen Mary, at that time a prisoner in Fotheririgay castle, by the faithful and heroic Kirkaldy of Grange, who resolutely defended it, for thirty-three days, against the united efforts of the Scots and English. When the foitiflcations were buttered doVVn, the blockhouse on the east taken by assault, every supply of water exhausted, and the i;arrison in a mutiny, he made an honourable capi- tulation ; but Queen Elizabeth basely delivered bun up to the vengeance of the regent Morton, who caused him to be hanged, on the 3d of August, 1573. In 1650 the Castle sustained a siege of above two months against the parliamentary army, commanded by Cromwell, and, at last, yielded on honoural)le terms. After James IPs resignation, at the close of 1()68, it was long held for him by the Duke of Gordon, with a weak and ill provided gariison. In 1715 an unsuccessful attempt was made by the rebels to surprise this fortress; and in 1745, although the Highlanders were masters of the town, the; did not venture to attack this post. During the late war a number of French prisoners was confined in it ; and his present majesty, while on his late visit to Edin- burgh, went in'processiou to the Castle.

The Fuhice of IIolij rood-house stands at the east- ern extremity of the city, and at the bottom of that part of the High-street, called the Canongate. It is a beautiful building, of a quadiangular form, with an OfK-n court, %'hich is 94 feet square, in the centre. The more ancient parts of this magnificent edifice, consisting of the north-west towers, were built by James V, about the year 1528; though it seems to "have been a royal residence for ages before. During the minority of Queeu Mary, the Palace of Holy- rood-'house was burnt, as well as the city, by the English forces under the Earl of Hertford. Soon after it was repaired, and esilargcd beyond its present size. At that time it is said to have consisted of no fewer than five courts, the most westerly of which ■was tlie largest. Great part of the Palace of Holy- I'ood-house Was burnt by the soldiers of Cromwell • but, at the Restoration, it was again re]>aircd, and altered into its present iurm by Kijig Charles II. The paintings of the Scottish monarchs were much defaced by the English soldiers in 1745. In the same year Prince Charles Stuart took uj) his residence for .some time in this mansion of his forefathers ; and hither the inhabitants of Edinburgh repaired to pay the coutiibution levied on the city. ()f this ])alace the Duke of Hamilton is hereditary keei)ei-. He has apartments within it, as have also several others of the Scottish nobility; notwithstanding \vliich,agreat part of the buiMijg lemained uninhabited, till, in 1793, apartments were fitted up for the residence ot the Count D'Artois, now King of France, the DuUes D'Angouleme and Berri, and others of the Ficuch exiled nobility- Previously to the King^s visit to Scotland, the apartments in the palace were fitted up for his use ; and, though he resided at Dalkeith, a levee, drawing-room, and meetings of privy coun- cil, were held here. — A^djacent to the palace stand

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the ruins of the Church, which belonged to the Ab- bey of Holyrood-house. In 1128 David I. foimded this Abbey by a charter, the original of which is in tire archives of the city. It was bestowed on the Canon.s regular of St. Augustine, who had also granted to them the Church of Edinburgh Castle, with those of St. Cuthbert, Corsiorphine, and Lib- berton, in the county of Mid-Lothian, and of Airth, in Stirlingshire; the priories of St. Mary's Isle in Galloway ; of Blantyre in Clydesdale ; of Rowadill in Ross ; and three others in the Western Islands. They had also portions of land assigned them in dif- ferent parts, with a most extensive jurisdiction ; oud so many other grants and pi-ivileges were bestowed on this abbey, that it was deemed the richest foun- dation in Scotland. In 1177 a national council was held in this abbey, on the arrival of a papal legate to take cognizance of a dispute between the English and Scottish clergy, as to the submission of the lat- ter to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the English prelates. In 1332 the army of Edward plundered it ; and it was burnt in 1385 by the forces of Richard II. In 1544, during the irruption of the Earl of Hert- ford, the Abbey was nearly reduced to ashes, [and nothing was left but the nave, of which the ruins still remain. At the Reformation and Revolution it equally suffered, and in 17(38 the roof fell in. — The Royal Chapel is built of fi'eestone, and is of an ob- long form, about 148 feet from east to west, and 6(5 feet from north to south. This was the nave of the original church, which, when entire, consisted of a centre and two aisles. In the south-ease corner of the Chapel is the Royal vault, in which were depo- sited the remains of David II, James II, Prince Ar- thur third son of James IV', James V, and his con- sort iSlagdalen, with their second son, Arthur, Duke of Albany, and Henry Lord Darnley. This reposi- tory of the royal dead did not escape the fury of the mob at the Revolution. Part of the leaden coffins was then carried away, and the remainder at the clearing out of the rubbish after the roof fell in 1768. The area of the church is used as a cemetery. The pre- cincts of the Abbey of Holyrood-house, including an extensive part inclosed by James V, are a sanctuary for insolvent debtors. — In the lane, called Gray's Close, stands the little court of building.s, formerly occupied by the Mint of Scotland. They were erect- ed in 1574 ; but no money has been struck since the union of the two kingdoms. The officers are, how- ever, still maintained. This place, as well as the Abbey of Holyrood-house, is an asylum for debtors, but only for twenty-four hours. The first coins seem to have been struck in Scotland in the time of Alexander I, who commenced his reign in 1107. — These coins were thin pieces of silver called pennies ; and this was the silver coin in use, till the reign of Queen Mary, who introduced rt/uls, or royals, after- M'ards called crowns. The oldest gold coins bear the name of Robert; but whether of Robert I, is not fully ascertained. James V, in his bonnet-pieces, contracted the surface and increased the thickness of the coinage. The general name for gold coin in Scotland was florins or nohles, and lions. When CO, iper money was first coined in Scotland is uncer- tain ; James III, however, in I4i,'6, procured an act from his first Parliament for coining copper money, four to the penny. Pennies, woilh l-12th of aa English penny, were coined by James VI, and two- peniiy-pieces, or baubees, after the Restoration. — To the ])rince formerly belonged the exclusive right of coining money, and all mines of gold and silver. But the manufacture of currency was not confined to the capital; formally coins bear the name of Aberdeen, Perth, Stirling, Dundee, Linlithgow, and Dumbar- ton. The chief instruments used in coining, before the Restoration, (when the mill and screw were in- troduced) were a hammer and steel dies. It is con- jectured, that the total sum of money in circulation, at the Union, amounted to upwards of 900,000/. sterling.

The Court of Session, the supreme judicature of Scotland, was established by James V, in 1.532, after the model of the ancient French Parliaments. At its commencement, the court of Session consisted of

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fourteen ordinary judges, seven clergyinei>, seven laymen, and an ecclesiastic as president; but tlie clergymen were finally excluded by an act of Parlia- ment, passed in the year 1584, which directed, that no parociiial minister should ever after bear an office in any court of justice.

The College of Justice, of which the Covut of Ses- sion forms the leadina; part, was erected into a body corporate by James V. This body consists not only of the Judges, but also of the Faculty of Advocates (the barristers ot the Court), the Writers to the Signet (the highest class of attorneys) , Clerks of the Session, and some others. — The Judges of the Conrt of Session, who sit both as judges and jury, are ge- nerally appointed from the Faculty of Advocates ; but Writers to the Signet may, under certain regu- lations, be chosen to this office. Prior to the year 1808, all the fifteen judges sat as one court, with the exception of one of the fourteen ordinary judges, who, under the title of Lord Ordi/tari/, sat in an outer hall, and forwarded, in weekly rotation, the cases through successive steps, till they came in course to be ripe for the decision of the lords of the Inner House. The increase of business, however, made some improvement necessary in the Supreme Civil Court of Scotland ; and a bill was passed in 1808, by which the judges were divided into two chambers, in the first division of which, consisting of seven, the Lord President was to preside, and the Lord Justice Clerk in the second, consisting of six ordinary lords. Each division was declared to have the same powers and privileges with those formerly possessed by the whole court ; and four were to con- .stitute a quorum. — In the Court of Session are tried, not only all actions of debt and trespass, and all causes in civil affairs, but all matters of equity; there being no Court of Chancery in Scotland. It iilso hears a:nd decides appeals from all inferior courts ; but its decisions may be reversed by the House of Lords. — The Judges of the Court of Session, from the time of their nomination by the crown, take the title of Lord, and have in court purple robes, turned up with crimson velvet. The salary of the Lord Presi- dent is 4,800/. a year, and that of the Ordinary Judges 2,000/.

In April, 1815, a bill received the royal assent for the introduction of Trial by Jury, in civil cases, into the Scottish judicial establistmient. This Court, called the Jury Court, was opened on the 22nd of Jan- uary, 1816, by the Lord Chief Commissioner Adam, Lord Meadowbank, and Lord Pitmilly. The judges of this court hold ciicuit-courts between terms, at the principal towns in the country. The Lord Chief Justice has a salary of 2,000/. a year, and the two Lords Commissioners 600/. each.

The Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal judicature of Scotland. It is composed of a Lord Justice General, whose office is merely nominal, a Lord Justice Clerk, and five Lords Commissionei s. Except the first, each of these judges, among wliom the Lord Justice Clerk is president, liolds, at the same time, the office of judge in the Court of Ses- sion. The causes, which come before this court, are tried by a jury of fifteen citizens, a majority of whom either condemns or acquits the delinquent, unanimity not being essential. During the recess of the Couits of Session, the jttdges of this court go on circuits twice a-year. From the sentence of this court there lies no appeal. The Lord Justice Ge- neral, and the Lord Justice Clerk have each a sa- lary of 2,000/., and the others 600/. each. All of them, except the first, enjoy, at the same time, sa- laries, as judges of the Court of Session, and any of them, but he, may also be commissioners of the Jury Court.

At what time the Court of Exchequer was erected in Scotland is uncertain ; it seems, however, to have been formed on the plan of that of England, the constitution and practice of both courts being nearly the same. This court is composed of four Judges, one, who sits as president, with the title of Lord Chief Baron, and three Ordinary Barons. All re- venue cases are tried before them, and decided liy a jury of twelve ; and this court, till very latelyj was

the only one in Scotland, where civil causes were decided in this mai.ner. The Lord Chief liaron has 4,000/. a-year, and the other three 2,000/. eacli.

The Faculty of Adiiocatvs hold a situation similar to that of Barristers or Counseilois in England. The affairs of the Faculty are managed by a Dean, or President, a Treasurer, Clerk, and Counsel, se- lected from the members. Every Advocate, after being found duly qualified by a committee appointed by the Faculty, pays to tlie Society an admission- sum of 200/., "one half of wliich goes to the support of the Advocates' library, by far the most valuable in Scotland. The Faculty of .'\dvocates is subject to the authority of the Court of Session ; and from their body the bench is supplied with judges'. Hence,, likewise, are nominated the Sheriff-deputes of the different counties ; and, since the Unfon,, this pro- fession has become almost the only road to eminence in Scotland. The Advocates are, perhaps, the most wealthy community in Edinburgh; and to them, and the Writers to the Signet, society in this city owes much of its peculiar character. The numbet of advocates on the roll is about 370.

Connected with the Court of Session is the So- ciety of Clerks, or IVrilers to his Majesty's Signet ,_ Their business is to subscribe the writs, that pass the royal signet of Scotland, and to practise as at- torneys before the Court of Session, the Court of Justiciary, and the Jury Court. The m.Mubers also, possess the exclusive privilege of directing other branches of legal practice, and are the principal con- veyancers of the country. The qualifications for- admission into this body are, an apprenticeship for five years with one of the members, after two years*" previous study at the university, and attendance oil a course of lectures on conveyancing, and also oil the Scotch law-class in the univeisity. The num- ber of menfoers on the roll is about 490.

Besides the Writers to the Signet, there is ano- ther society of practitioners, who act in certain. ca.5es, as attorneys before the SessioH, Justiciary, and Jury Courts. They are of very long staiuliug iu the courts, and were lately incorporated under the title of So!icit?rs before the Supreuie Courts. The number of this society is considerable. — The Judges- of the Courts of Session, Justiciary, and Exchequer, with the Members of the Society of Advocates, of the Society of Writers to the Signet, and of the So- ciety of Solicitors, with the Officers of Court, form an incorporation, instituted by James V, called the College of Justice, in which the Judges of the Court ^

of Session enjoy the title of Senators.

The ParUament House, which is now occupied by the Court of Session, at least what- is called the Outer House, is the place, where the Scottish Par- liament met. It Avas begun in the year l(i;i2, and completed in 1640, at an expense of 11,600/. sterling. It occupies part of the south, and the whole of the west side of the square to which it gives name. The old building is 133 feet long, 98 broad at the widest end, and 60 at the narrowest. The whole of the ancient building was re-fronted, and covered by an open arcade in the Grecian style of architecture. The great hall, in which the Scottish Parliament met, is the only part of the building that remains in its former state. This hall is 122 feet long and 49 broad. The building has received many and impor- tant additions, and now contains apartments for the judges of the First and Second Division, a library for the Society of Advocates, an Outer Hall for the Lords Ordinary, accommodations for the Scottish Court of Exchequer, for the Jury Court, for the Court of Justiciary, and for the library of the So- ciety of Writers to the Signet.

Register Office. — The Records of Scotland areirn- perfect from a variety of causes. Edward I. is said to have carried off or destroyed many of them, and Cromwell afterwards carried off the remainder; and unfortunately one of the vessels, in which they were sent back, was wrecked. The Earl of Moreton, having obtained a grant from George III. of 12,000/., the plan of the i)reseiit building was designed by Mr. Robert Adam. It is to consist of a square of 200 feet, with a dome of 50 feet in the centre. The

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erection of the first part cost nearly 40,000/. ster- ling ; the whole, when finished, will contain ninety- seven apartments.

The jurisdiction of the Admiralty Court in Scot- land is subordinate to the Lord High Admiral of Great Britain; hut, in civil cases, Uie decrees of this court are subject to tlie Court of Session, and, in criminal cases, to that of tlie Justiciary. The judge of tlie High Court of Admiralty is appointed by the Lord Vice-Admiral of Scotland, wlio is no- minated by the Crown; the latter has a salary of 1,400/. a-year, the former 800/.

In the Commissary Court are judged all matrimo- nial cases; and in these its jurisdiction extends over Scotland. It also takes cognizance of testamentarv causes in the tliree Lothians. To tliis court liltewise belongs the privilege of confirming the wills of na- tives, who die abroad, and those of persons, who die m Scotland without any fixed residence. Tile commissaries, or jude;es, who are four in number, have each a salary of 000/. ; and thev have likewise the privilege of practising as barristers before the Court of Session.

Sheri/T Court—The officers of the Scottish militia receive their commissions from tlie Lord Lieutenant, or Sheriff of the county. The Sheritf-depute is wholly distinct from, and independent of the High Sheriff. A Sheriff-depute, who must be an advocate of three years' standing, is appointed by the Crown for every county of Scotland. He receives the royal revenues from the collect(jrs within his district; he .summons juries for the trials before the Court of Jtisticiary, and is the returning otRcer for county members of parliament. Tlie decrees of Sheriff- courts are subject to he reviewed by tlie supreme courts of Session and Justiciary. _ The Justice of Peace Court is of no earlier origin 111 Scotland than 1C0.<). The Justices are empower- ed to judge in cases of breaches of the peace ; to regulate highways, bridges, and ferries; to see the laws executed against vagrants, beggars, transgres- sions of the game laws, and frauds against the re- venue, besides many other branches o"f jurisdiction. But tlie principal business of the justices in Edin- burgh comes before them, as a court for the speedy settlement of debts under "5/., commonly called the Small Debt Court, which sits weekly in Kdinburgh, and at intervals in the different villages of the coiin- ty. This court, as well as that of the Sheriff, is held in the new buildings for the county, and annually decides upwards of 4,000 causes, at an expense, vvhich is provided not to exceed five shillings for each.

The New County Hall stands at the western ex- tremity of the new library rooms of the advocates and writers to the signet. The general plan is taken from one of the finest models of antiquity, the temple of Erectheus in Athens, while the principal entrance is taken from the Clioragic monument of Thrasyllus. The length of the eastern front is nearly 103 feet, and of the northern front 57 feet. The prin- cipal floor contains a large hall 50 fcctbv 27 ; a court- room 44 feet by ;^0, each 28 feet high ; "a committee- room, &c. Above are offices for the sheriff, sheriff's clerks, &c. The building was finished in 1819 at an expense of 15,000/.

The Convention of Royal Bnrghs, instituted by James III. meets annually in Edinburgh, and con- sists of two deputies from eath burgh. The Lord Provost of Edinburgh is perpetual president, and the city clerks of Edinbnrgli are clerks to the con- vention. The powers of this court chiefly respect the establishinent of comnicrci.il regulations; and, as the royal burghs jiay a sixth part of the sum, im- posed as a land tax ou'the counties of Scotland, the Convention is emi>ovvered to assess the proportion of each burgh. The place of meeting is an aisle of the cathedral church of St. Giles in Edinburgh.

The General Post Office of Scotland was esta- blished in its present iorm in 1710. In 1763 the Post Office revenue of Edinburgh was 11,942/. per annum; aiudiu 1783 it had increased to upwards of 40,000/. ; it is now about four times that sum. The Penny Post, now a coi;tiderable branch of this esta-

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blishment, was first begun by an individual uncon- nected with tha Post Office, about the year 1776. But the regular post establishinent soon became sensible of the importance of this branch to the re- venue, and obtained from Rlr. Williamson a transfer of his right. The business of the General Post-Of- fice is managed by a Postinaster-Genertd, a Secre- tary, and a number of Clerks ; and a new Post-OlBce, with extensive accommodations, has been erected in Waterloo Place, to the east of the arch of the Re- gent Bridge. Besides this there are various places Sfor the rtceptiou of letters, under the superinten- dence of the General Post-Office.

mUNICIPAl. ESTABLISHMENTS.

The Magistracy of Edinburgh is comnosed of a town-council of twenty-five ordinary ana eiglit ex- traordinary members, who have the direction of all ; - public affairs within the jurisdiction of the city. - Fhe chief magistrate, whose office is similar to that of the Lord Mayor of Loudon, is here styled Lord Provost, and receives only 800/. a year for sup- porting the dignity of his office. Besides the Lord Provost are four magistrates, called Bailies, wliose duty is nearly equivalent to that of aldermen in Loiidon. There is also an officer with the title of Dean of the Guild, who has the charge of the public buildings, and without whose warrant no house can be erected witiiin the city. The other members are a treasurer, whose office is only nominal, three merchant, and t»vo trades' councillors, and foiir- teen deacons of the incorporated trades, who with seven members of the council for the preceding year complete the magistrates. The fourteen incorpo- rated trades are tlie following : — 1. Surgeons, with whom the Barbers were formerly conjoined. In ' March, 1778, the Surgeons were incorporated by a roval charter, under the title of " the Royal College offeurgeons." The hall for the meetings of this society stands in Surgeons'-square ; in it aie a theatre for dissections, a small museum, &c. — 2. Goldsmiths. This society, formerly attached to the Haramermen, possesses a hall in South Bridge-street. — 3. Skinners, or Glovers. The hall of this incorporation is in the lane called Skinners'-close. — 4. Furriers. — 5. Ham- mermen. This society at first consisted of black- smiths, goldsmiths, lorimers, saddlers, cutlers, and armourers. The goldsmiths were separated from them in 1581 ; but they have since received an ad- dition to their number, vvhich has increased the trades belonging to this incorporation to seventeen. They meet in "the chapel of St. Mary Magdalen in the Cowgate. — 6 and 7. Ifrights and Masons. By a decree of the Court of Session in 1703, the bow- makers, glaziers, plumbers, and unholsterers, were added to the masons ; and to the wrights were attached the painters, slaters, sievevvrights, and coopers. This incorporation assembles in St. Mary's Chapel, Burnet's-close.— 8. Tailors. To this in- corporation anciently belonged the superiority and direction of all the tailors within the suburbs of Edinburgh and the town of Leith ; and they still retain superiority over those in the more ancient 1 suburbs.— 9. Bakers. The members of this corpo- ration have the sole privilege of baking bread within the city ; but bread, baked elsewhere, may be sold within the city and liberties. — 10. Flcshers or But- chers.— 11. Cordiners, Cordwainers or Shoemakers. 12. IVebsters or IVeavers. — 13. IFaukers. The hat- ters conjoined with this trade now form one in- corporation.— 14. Bonnet -makers. To these tlie trade of a /v//i?/f)-, or Dyer, was united in 1(:84, al- though the incorporation still goes under its former name. — Candlemakers. These form an incorporated trade in Edinburgh, with all the usual rights and privileges, except the privilege of sending a member to tliecomnion council. — Such are the bodies from which the magistracy of Edinburgh is elected. The business of the city is managed by the ordinary council of twenty-five, the eight" extraordinary dracons being called in on certain occasions only, and the meeting, on such an occasion, is called the Extraordinary ""Council. The Ordinary Council jiieeis every Wednesday for the despatch of business.

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To tlie town-council are aliaclicd four aJvo- | rates, under the name of Assessors, who assist and I direct the deliberations on diilicult or cout«^t€d cases.

Criminal Court. — The magistrates of Edinburgl: hold a court, iu ^'liicli are tried all criminal causes, that occur within the liberties of the city. They have a right to inflict arbitrary piuiishmeiits, and, in ca])ital crimes, to take a precognition, or to forward the business for the supreme courts. — The Bailie Court tries all causes for debt and civil trespass, that occur within the jurisdiction of the city ; and each of the four bailies sits in this court liiree months alternately. — The I'm Merit Court takes cognizance, in a summary way, of all petty sums, not exceeding ten merks Scottish, or 11,?. Ij sterling ; but servants' wages may be sued for to any amount. The Dean of Guild Cowt grants licences for the erection of buildings within the city and liberties, condemns houses that are insecure, regtilates weights and measures, seizes such as are deficient, punishes the persons, who use them, by fine or confiscation, and sees that none exercise tlieir pro- fessions, except those who have been admitted to the freedom of the city. The Lord Provost Is lord lieuteuHut of the city, and the four bailies are, f.v officio, justices of the jieace within the liberties. The citv revenues consist of an impost ou wiues, the shore dues of Leith, duties on markets, &c. the whole amounting to upwards of 41,000/, being about 2000/ more than the expenditure. The north side of the Kxchange is occupied as the city chambers. — The A'etv Prison stands on the Calton Hill, on the south side of the new approach to the city. It is in the Saxon style of architecture, and was finished in 1817. The building is 194 feet by 40, contains separate apartments for men and women, fifty-eight cells, a chapel, a house for the governor, here called captain of the jail, a committee-room for the com- missioners, rooms for the turnkeys, a school-room for boys, &c. with excellent /regxilatlons.— The Canougate Tolhooth, or prison, in the High-street, contains a court-room for the Baron-Bailie of the district, and is .surmounted with a spire and clock. Besides these there are other court-houses and prisons in the suburbs ; but none of them deserves particular notice. — The Bridewell, situated on the Calton Hill, was finished in 1796 for the reception of vagrants of both sexes, and prostitutes. The expense of its erection was defrayed by an assess- ment on the inhabitants of the city and county, aided by a grant of 5000/. from government. The number of night-cells is 144, of which ten are occupied a.s store-rooms, besides 52 day-cells. The Tread-Mills in this prison are supposed to be on a better principle, than most of tnose in England.

The Citi/ IVeigh-Jwuse , situate in the Old ^leal- Market, Cowgate, is under the directions of the magistrates, and standard weights are kept in it for the accommodation of the inhabitants. — The Exchange, which stands on the north side of the High-street, was completed in 1761, at an expense of 31,000/; it is an elegant building of a so,uare form, with a court in the centre. The extreme dimen- sions from north to south are 182 feet. 111 feet from east to west on the north front, and 147 feet on the south. The apartments in the back part of the building arc occupied as the city chambers and dependant offices ; the rest is laid out in shops and liouses. Notwithstanding the convenience of the Exchange-square for merchants to meet in, they still prefer ti ansacting business in the street.

The Police duties of Edinburi^li were formerly executed by a Town-guard of every fourth trades- man, assisted by a city militia, called the Trained Bands, which consisted of sixteen companies of lO^J men each, with pioper oflicers. By an act, passed in 1812, the city was divided into tweiily-six wards, with three resident coinmissiouers for each; a su- ])eriutendent was appointed ; the sheriffs of the county and the city magistrates were nomiiuitcd judg-es ; aiid it contained various euactiaents for the

lighting, cleaning, watching, and paving of the streets with other matters of general police. The term of this act being about to expire, an amended act was procured iu 1822. The business is now managed by a superintendent, a clerk, atid three lieutenants. The total expense of the establish- ment, for the year ending in May, 1822, was 20,068/. 0«. UJc/., levied at the rate of lOd. per pound.

BANKS.

The Bank of Scotland \\:is erected by Parliament ill 1695, and was empowerd to raise a joint stock of 100,000/. sterling. In 1774 this sum was doubled, and at present the stock amounts to 1,500,000/. The affairs of the company aie managed by a gover- nor, deputy governor, and twenty-four directors. The baiiKing office of this company, which is at the head of the entrance to the Eastern Mound, forms HO inconsiderable addition to the architectural or- naments of Edinburgh. — The Roi/al Bunk of Scot- land was established in 1727. The stock of this company, which was originally 111,000/, was in- creased, in 1738, to 150,000/, and subsequently to a million. The business is managed by a governor, deputy-governor, directors, and extraordinary director.?. The Royal Bank is in St. Andrevv's- .^(]uare. By an arrangement with the proprietors of the Bank of Scotland, commonly called the Old Bank, and those of the Royal Bank, the latter is allowed to hare a branch in the city of Glasgow, while the former lias agents in all the other towus of Scotland. — British Linen Company. This bank was established by charter in 1746, with a view of encouraging the linen 'manufactures of Scotland. The capital of the company is half a million, and the business is managed by a governor, deputy- governor, and directors. This Banking-house is in St. Audrew's-square, in front of the Excise office. The Commercial Banking Company of Scotland wa.s established iu ISIO, and is managed in the samo mauner as the other public banking houses. The capital of the company is three millions sterling, and they have agents iu the principal provincial towns. Their office is situate at the bottom of u small lane in the High street. — All these banks issue promissory notes for various .sums not under I/. sterling, payable on demand in cash, or bank of England notes. — Besides the preceding, there are nine private Banking Houses in Edinburgh of great respectability.

INSURANCE COMPANIES.

The first of these against fire established iu Edin- burgh was the Friendly Insurance, which had its origin in 1720. This company was erected into a body corporate in 1727. Since 1767, the company has continued to insure property of all kinds against fire, upon a plan similar to that of other institutions of tlie same nature. This office is in North Bridge- street. — The Caledonian Fire Insurance Company, in Bank-street, was instituted in 1805, with a capital of 150,000/. — The Hercules Fire Insurance Company was established in 1809 on a plan similar to that of the preceding. The capital is 750,000/, and the otiice in North Bridge-street. — The North British Fire Office was commenced in 1809 with a capital of 500,000/. The shareholders of this com- pany are liable for losses to the amount only of their shares ; but the anuual premiums have been sufficient to pay evei'y charge besides a handsome profit. — The Insurance Company of Scotland was established in 1821. The capital is divided into small shares, for the accommodation of every class of insurers. — A Sea Insurance Company was established in 1816. Their office is in Huiiter's-square, and the business is conducted by a board of directors. — All tlicfo companies have agents in diU'erent touns ofScot- laiul'; aiul most of the great Louden estiiblishiiieuls have alio brauchcs iu Edinburgli.

21

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EDTN15URGH

Btrtctorn.

x.iti:rary establishments.

The present grammar school, emphatically called the Hig/i School, was established in the year 1578. At first it contained only a master and an nsher ; but, before the end of the century, it was establish- ed nearly in its present form. The preat increase of scholars having rendered the former buildings insufticient, tJie foundation of the present High School was laid in 1777 by Sir William Forbes, "a« Grand Master-Alason of Scotland. It is a plain, but connnodious building, in the middle of a con- siderable aica. The teachers are a rector and four masters. At an annual examinaiion, which is held in the presence of the magistrates and ministers of the city, premiums, chiefly in books, are adjudged to Ihe most deserving, and to the du.v, or captain, of the liighest clans', is presented a gold medal, M'ith a suitable inscription. The number of scholars, who annually attend the High School, is nearly 800.

Unive^sily. — Edinburgh could not boast of a uni- versity at an early period. In the year 1579 a col- lection of books was bequeathed to the intended university by Mr. Clement Little, as a foundation for a library; the building was begun in 1580 ; a charter of erection was granted by James VI. in 1582; and, in the year following, the college was opened for the reception of students. In l(il7 James was so pleased with the progress, wliich his favou- rite university had made, that he honoured the esta- blishment by calling it " The College of King James." In 1619 Sir William Nisbet, provost of Edinburgh, gave 1,000/. Scottish towards the main- tenance of a professor of divinity. The protector, Cromwell, with a liberality worthy of a great mind, endowed the university with an annuity of 200/. sterling. William III. also bestowed on it .300/. a- year ; but part of this grant was afterwards with- drawn by Queen Anne. The school of medicine, which has since risen to so much eminence, was first founded in 1721 ; and the Royal Infirmary was opened soon after. At present lectures are deliver- ed by professors, who rank among the most eminent in Europe, in the various branches of Liteiature and PJiilosophy, Theology, Law, Medicine, in Na- tural History and in Agriculture. The students are not obliged to adopt any particular mode of living, or of dress ; in the arrangement of their academical studies tliey are also left at perfect fieedoni. The abilities of its professors, and their assiduity are such, that the University of Edinburgh has become a seat of education not only to youth in every part of the British dominions, but students have been at- tracted to it from almost every nation in Europe, and every state in America, so that the number, who attended the different classes in the year 1822, amounted to upwards of 2,300. Considerable sums having been obtained for the erection of a new structure, more consistent with the dignity of the establishment, a plan was prepared by" Mr. Robert Adam, part of the old building was taken down, and the foundation of the new college was laid on the Kith of November, 1789. But the sum collected, though large, being far from sutlicient for tlie erec- tion of a building of such elegance and magnitude, it was necessarily stopped. In 1815, however. Par- liament made a yearly giant of 10,000/., to be ex- ])cnded in the completion of the building, under the suiierintendence of commissioners appointed by Par- liament. The commissioners met in December, 181(i ; and according to Mr. Playfair's plan, which was adopted by them, the east front is to be adorned with a dome. A handsome portico, supported by stone columns of the Doric order, twenty-six feet high, forms the chief entrance. The east and west sides of the square are 255 feet in length, and the south and itorth 358. In general the exterior of the building, as originally planned by Mr. Adam, is to be completed with very little alteration ; but there will be a total departure from the interior ar- rangements.

in Edinburgh, besides the University and High School, there are many private academies and lec- ture-rooms, for classical and medical instruction, mperintended by able teachers.

22

University Museum. — Sir Andrew Balfour, to whom Edinburgh owes the institution of the Bota- nic Garden, was also the founder of this Museum. His collections, which were very extensive, were placed after his death, in 1G94, in the hall of the college, lately the library; and, in- 1697, Sir John Sibbald presented the college with a gieat variety of curiosities, both native and exotic ; but from neg- lect and a want of taste, it was almost completely deinoli.ihed. This museum has been since enriched by various and extensive collections, ])articularly by the purchase of the magnificent one of M. Dufresne of Paris ; and the entire collection of birds alone i.s said to contain upwards of 3,000 specimens, besides minerals, &c. ; and the building, in which they are contained, is the most superb and elegant part of the college. The whole collection is exceeded by few in Europe, and that of birds alone is the most extensive in Great Britain.

The University Librury is valuable and extensive, and contains many interesting historical documents. The new library is to occupy the south side of the new buildings. The college library of Edinburgh receives a cojiy of every book entered at Stationers' Hall. The only other funds for its support are 10.y. paid by each student for his matriculation ticki^t, and 5/. paid by each professor on his admission. The volumes, which are]under the care of a librarian and his deputy, amount to upwards of 50,000.

Royal Botanic Garden. — The first Botanic Garden in Scotland was formed by Sir Andrew Balfour, who was soon after assisted in his meritorious exertions by Mr. Patrick Murray, of Livingstone, and Sir Ro- bert Sibbald. The present Royal Botanic Garden, which was formed by Dr. John Hope, in 1767, is si- tuated on the west side of the road to Leith, and contains about five acres. The collection of herba- ceous plant!5 alone embraces upwards of 2,000 spe- cies. It is greatly to be lamented, that the funds for the support of the Botanic Garden are very inade- quate. During the summer session, lectures in Botany are delivered in the green-house.

Observatory and Astronomical Institution. — After several ineffectual attempts to erect an observatory, the foundation stone of the piesent building on the Caltow Hill was laid in 1776; but the money being spent before its completion, the magistrates finished it in 1792, but without fund or instruments. The Astronomical Institution was established in 1812, and the magistrates granted to the association the ground and building on the Calton Hill, formerly destined for the purposes of an observatory, on the condition of their not being applied by the institutiou to any other purposes. The property of this insti- tutiou is held in transferable shares of twenty-five guineas each, and the building is fitted up according to the intentions of the magistrates. The new Ob- servatory, a little to the east of the former, was founded in 1818. It is a cross of 62 feet, with four projecting pediments of 28 feet each, supported by six columns of the Doric order, fronting the four cardinal points of the compass. In the centre is a dome, 13 feet in diameter, under which is a pillar of solid masonry of a conical form, 6 feet in diameter at the base, and 19 feet high, intended for the as- tronomical circle.

The Royal College of Physicians was incorporated in 1681 by a charter, in which it is provided, that they shall, at least twice in the year, visit all the apothecaries' shops within the city and liberties of Edinburgh, and destroy all damaged drugs. The Hall, vvhich is on the .south side of George's-street, was founded in 1775, and is considered a chaste and elegant imitation of ancient Grecian architecture.

Royal Society. — The first literary society in Edin- burgh, of which we have any account, was instituted in 1718, for the improvement of the members in classical learning. This was succeeded in 1731 by the Society for the " Improvement of Medical Knowledge," which afterwards expanded itself into the " Philosophical Society of Edinburgh." This society, joined by several of the professors, obtained a royal charter, erecting them ii^o a corporate body, by the title of " The Royal Society of Ediuburghj"

^Ug^ot k Ca/5

EDINBURGH

^ksttoxv*

in the year 1783. The society is now electing apart- ments at the north end of the Mound.

The frerneriaii Natural History Society had its first meeting in January 1808. It consists of ordi- nary, non-resident, honorary, and foreign members, and inchides many of the most celehraled naturalists in Europe. The objects of natural history, pre- sented to the society for preservation, are lodged in the College Museum; and their meetings are held in an adjoining apartment. — Besides these there are the Society of Antiquaries, the Speculative Society for improvement in composition and public speak- ing, \M Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh, the Royal Physical Society, the Caledonian Horticultu- ral Society, the School of Arts, and many other associations of eminent utility.

'I'lie Admcates' Library, by far the most valuable in Scotland, besides a rare collection of manu- .^cripts, prints, coins, and medals, ancient and modem, contains upwards of 100,000 volumes of printed books. A member of the faculty may bor- row twenty-five books at one time, to be returned at the end of a year, with the power of obliging a friend with their perusal. The elegance and mag- nitude of the libraiy itself nobly correspond with the books, &c. which it contains.

The Library of U'riters to the Signet vvas formed about the middle of the last century, and has a large annual fund for its increase and support. It is very rich ill the departments of British and Irish history, antiquities, topography, and biography. — The Signet Library, Advocates' Library, Exchequer Chambers, and Court room, communicate with the laige hall of the Parliament House.— Besides these libraries, Edinburgh po.ssesses a Subscription Library, sup- ported by an entrance payment of Mvelve guineas, and an annual sum of one guinea from each subscri- ber; a Select Subscription Library, to which the entrance is two guineas, and the annual payment ten shillings; and a Biblio- Critical Library, the olijcct of which is to collect scarce and valuable books in sacred philology.

Printing, S^c. — The art of Printing was first in- troduced into England, in 1471, by William Caxton, and, tliirty-si.x years after, a printing-press was es- tablished in Edinburgh. In 15/G Bassindine printed, in English, the Genevan translation of the bible ; JMannenby, in 1578, was the first that used Gi'cek types; and Alexander Arbuthnot published another English bible in 1579. In 1584 there were six dif- ferent printing presses in the city; but the business of printing did not make any considerable progress till after the Union. In 1763 there were six print- ing offices in Edinburgh, in 1790 there were twenty- one, and in 1822 not less than forty-four. In these offices are employed nearly 150 presses; and the ■works executed by them are probably not surpassed, 111 elegance and correctness, by any in Europe. — Sixty years ago Edinburgh had made no great fi- gure in the literary world ; but, since that period, men of genius have been more handsomely rewarded here, than in any other country. Mr. Hume received 5,000/. for the second part of his History of Eng- land; Dr. Robertson obtained 4,500/. for his Charles V. ; and Sir Walter Scott, Bart, has, it is believed, received more money for his admirable writings, than any previous author. — The Magazines, Re- views, &c. of Edinburgh comprise six monthly pub- lications, five quarterly ones, and three annual ones. Here are also nine newspapers, three of which are published thiice a week, four three times a week, iind two appear only once. — The public build- ings in Edinburgh are indubitable monuments of the skill of her sons in architecture ; and they bid fair to rii'al those of the sister kingdom in painting. In 1819 an Institution for the encouragement of the Fine Arts was founded in Edinbuigh ; "in 1820 paint- ings of ancient masters were exhibited ; and, since that time, the pretensions of living artists have been brouglit befwe the public, by exhibitions confined to thek ovvii worksr

RELIGIOUS ESTABLISHMENTS.

The number of parishes, into which the city and

its dependancies are divided, is fifteen, and the num- ber of churches the same ; but some of the buildings contain under the same loof more churches than one. Nine of these parishes are called collegiate charges, or have two ministers each ; thus the es- tablished clergy are twenty four. Besides these churches, there are under the control of the esta- blished church six Chapels of Ease. The total number of places for Divine Worship in Edinburgh and Leith, including those building, is sixty-four, of the following denominations — Established Church of Scotland (including one building) 16 ; Chapels of Ease (incliuling two building) 8; Scottish Epis- copal Church, 7; United Associate Synod of the Secession Church, 9; Relief, 5 ; Independents, 4; Baptists, 4 ; Cameronians, Associate Synod, Origi- nal Burgher, Original Anti-burgher, Roman Ca- tholics, Methodists, Glassites, Society of Friends, Bereans, Unitarians, and New Jerusalemites, each one.

St. Giles's, the metropolitan church, stands on an elevated situation in the High-street, and forms one side of the Parliament Square. It is built in the form of a cross, and measures in lengthy from east to west, 206 feet; its breadth, at the centre, is 129 feet, at the west end 110, and at the east, whei-e the high altar formerly stood, 76 feet. A lofty square tower, surmounted by a turret and spire, rises from the centre ; the wHole height is 161 feet. — At what time this stately edifice was founded is uncertain; the first mention, that is made of this, or any other church in Edinbuigh, is in 1359. In 1466 it was created a collegiate church by James III. Soon after the Reformation St. Giles's was divided into four separate places of Worship. In 1599 the tower was used as a common |)rison ; and on the 1.3th of October, 1643, the solemn League and Co- venant were sworn to, and subscribed by the Com- mittee of the Estates of Parliament, the Commis- sion of the Church, and the English Commissioners. The four places of worship under the roof of St. Giles's are as follows — 1, 'I'he High Church, which is the chief division, being the choir of the catiie- dral ; 2, The Old Church, which is under the great tower, in the central part of the building ; 3, The Tolbooth Church, which occujiies the south-west quarter ; and, 4, The New North or Hudda's Hote^ Church, which occupies the north-west part of the fabric. — The patronage of St. Giles's, with that of all the other established churches of the city, is in the magistrates and town-council of Edinburgh.

Trinity College Church, at the east end of the North Loch, was founded in the year 1462 by Mar- garet, ofGueldres, consort of James the II. The fine Gothic style, in which the choir, the central tewer, and the cross of the church were erected, causes a regret, that the whole was not finished. — This church, which is in the cathedral form, was once collegiate. The noble windows, at the north and south ends of thetransei)t,have been completely re-placed, and the whole of this elegant church hav- ing undergone a thorough repair, was opened for Divine service, on Sunday the 18th of June, 1815,

Tron Church stands in the High-street, at the point where the two bridges, leading to the south and north parts of the town, meet. As appears by an inscription on the north front, over the door, this vvas originally called Christ's Church, and con- secrated in 1641. It is of a square form, having a spire with a clock, which was removed from the Tron, or weigh-house, in 1678. At the time of building the South Bridge, the church was almost wholly rebuilt ; the north front and elevated lower only retaining their former appearance. It has lately been very handsomely fitted up within, from a design of the late Mr. Crichton, architect.

Lir'ly Yester's Church, nearly opposite to the Royal Infirmary, was originally founded in 1647, principally by the munificence ot Margai-et Ker, Lady Yester. It was taken down in 18t)3, and the present elegant Gothic building was erected on its site.

New and Old Greyfriars' Churches. — The Old Greyfriars' Churchj which is situated in the Grf.ss-

23

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EDINBURGH

ISircfton)

market : was founded in tlie year 1()12. The spire, which was used a.i a poAvdei-magaziiie,- was unfor- tunately destroyed liy an cxplcsiou, on the 7th of ]May, 1718. Tlie magistrates tinished a new church at the western end of the old one in 1721, at an esjiense of 3015/. Botli the.se churches have been lately newly seated and repaired.

CttnongtiCe Church, a Gothic bnildin.tr in the form of a crO.s.i, founded in KiSS, was miilt at tlie expense of 2,400/ from a legacy left by one Thomas Rloodie, a |)ious citizen of Ediuburu;h.

St. CiUhhert's Church, or the West Kirk, .situate near the foot of the rock, on whicii the Castle stand.s, has nothing particular to recommend it to notice, except that it i.s con.-'idered to be the largest place of worship in Edinburgh.

St, Andrew's Church sland.s on the north side of George's-street, in the New Town. It i.s surmounted with a fine tapering .spire, 168 feet high, in wliich is a chime of eight bells. The whole is elegantly finished.

St. George's Church, on the west side of Charlotte Square, forms the terminating object of George'.s- .•^treet. Tr.e dome, which is seen to advantage in almost every direction, was intended as a miniature representation (rf tiiat of St. Paul's. The building cost 33,000/, and is calculated to contain l(JOb people.

Scottish Episcopal Church. The clergy are sup- ported by their coiigvegations ; but a fund has Dcen raised by subscriptions, the interest of which is to be divided into annual stii)end8. St. Paul's Chitpel standi; on the north side of York Place. It is a handsome Gothic building, crcted at the expense of 12,000/ raised by voluntary sub- scription among the members of the congregation. — St. John's Chapel, near the western extremity of Prince's-street, is of the florid Gothic architecture, and was finished in 1818, at an expense of more than 15,000/.— 5<. George's Chapel, in York Place, is finished entirely in the Gothic style, and is very ta!?tefully fitted up. It was built bv subscription in 1794.

Roman Catholic Chapel. This handsome Gothic chauel stands at the head of Leith Walk, and close to tne Caledonian Theatre. It was built by sub- criptiou in 1813, from a plan of Mr. Gillespie's. The adoption of the Gothic style, in this chapel, has led to the use of a similar style of architecture in the chapels, which have since been erected in Edinburgh. It possesses a verj' fine organ ; and above the altar is an excellent painting by Vandyke, lepresenting a Dead Saviour. This building cost 8,000/.

The Methodist Chapel, in Nicholson's Square, was built in 1814, with a minister's house, and schools attached, at a cost of upwards of 5,000/. Dr. Jamiesou's Chapel, at the south end of Nichol- son's-street, in connection with the United Associate Synod, was finished in 1820. This building vvas designed by Mr. Gillespie, and the piinci])a) door is very elegant. Dr. IJuU's Chapel forms a grand termination to the east end of J^ronghton-street, and contains seats for about 1600 people. — The ar- chitecture of the other places of worship in Edin- burgh is not such as to lequire them to be particu- larly noticed.

Among the Religious Establishments may be men- tioned the following ;— The Society for Piopagatiiig Christian Knowledge, The ikiciety for Promoting lleligious Knowledge among the Poor, The Gratis Sabbath School Society, The Sabbath School Union for Scotland, Parochial Institutions, The Lancaste- rian School, The Edinburgh Education Society, The Ediubuigh IMissionary Ssciety, The Edi;iburgli Auxiliary Missionary Society, The Society for the Support of Gaelic Schools," The Religious Tract Society, The African and Asiatic Society, The Edinburgh Bible Society, and The Scottish Bible Society.

CHJIRITJIBLH INSTITUTIONS.

The Jioi/ul- Injirmar^ wm first projected iu 1721;

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and a small house was opened for the reception <>t the »ick in 1729. The foundation of the present structure was laid in 1738, and the building was speedily executed. During the infancy of the esta- blishment, for five and twenty years, the Earl of Hopetoun bestowed on it annually 400/. In 1750 Dr. Archibald Kcr bequeathed to it 200/ a year; and in 1755 the Lords of the Treasury made a dona- tion to it of 8,000/, for the expense attending the recei)tion of sick soldiers. The building, vvhich stands a little to the eastward of the New College, consists of a body 210 feet long, and two wings, all of vvhich contain three floors, besides the attics. The male and female patients are kept separate, and there are beds for 228 invalids. In the theatre, which is well lighted, upwards of 200 students may attend, when surgical operations are performed. The attending surgeons are appointed by the mana- gers ; and the regulations and conveniences in other resj)ccts are excellent. The ninnber of patients re- ceived hito the h(mse iu the year 1822 was 2381. The funds amount to about 5000/. per annum.

The Piihlic Dispensary, which was founded in 1776, oives its creation to Dr. Andrew Duncan se- nior, aiul is a useful sui)plenient to the Royal Infirmary. Advice, medicine, and vaccine inocula- tion are gratuitous. The building stands on the south side of West Richmond-street. — Tlie New Town Dispensary , which is of a similar nature, was founded in 1815, for the accommodation of the poor in the northern part of the city. — There are also two Dispensaries for Diseases of the Eye.

The Lying-in Hospital, and the Limatic' Asylum, though probablv not yet arrived at their extent of utility, are still highly beneficial and praiseworthy establishmeuti, and deserve the support of the public.

HerioVs Hospital, one of the richest in Edinburgh, owes its foundation to George Heriot, jeweller to King James VI. He devised considerable sums of money in trust to the magistrates of Edinburgh to found and endow an hospital " for the maintenance, relief, and bringing up of so many poor and father- less boys, freemen's sons of the town of Edinburgh, as the sura shotild be sufficient for." This mag- nificent building was completed in 1660, at an expense, it is .said, of more than 27,000/. It is a square, whose external sides measure 162 feet. Over the gateway is a spire with a clock. The upper corners of the building are ornamented witii turrets. The windows, of which there are up- wards of 200, are all differently ornamented at the top. Boys are admitted between the ages of seven and ten, and are, in every way, most comfortably nrovided for till they are fourteen, and sometimes beyond that period. The number of boys, main- tained in the Hospital in 1823, was 180; and the revenue, vvhich principally consists in land of rapidly increasing value, is upwards of 5,000/. This esta- blishment is in the southern district of the city opposite to the Castle Hill, and is managed by a treasuier, who is ap])ointed by the magistrates; under him are a house-governor, housekeeper, and the masters in the different branches of learning.

IVatson's Hospital, so called from its founder George Watson, stands a little to the southward of the former. In 1723 Mr. Watson left 12,000/ for the maintenance and education of the childi-en and grandchildren of decayed members of the Merchant Company of Edinburgh. In 1738, when the .sum had accumulated to 20,000/, the present building was erected at the expense of 5,000/. About 80 boys receive a classical and polite education in this hospital.

Gillespie's Hospital stands in a beautiftzl situation on the soutli-west border of the dty. It owes its erection to the beneficence of the'late Mr. James Gillespie, of Spylaw, who, in 1796, bequeathed con- siderable property for the purpose of founding and endowing an hospital for old men and women, and a free-school for the instruction of 100 poor boys in reading, writing, and arithmetic. The present build- ing was begun in 1801, and contains about 50 inmates.

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JBircftoi'p.

The Charity Workhouse stands likewise in the southern di,stiict. It was erected bv voluntary con- tributions in 1743," Tlie principal funds for tlic support of this institution are, a tax on the \'alued rents of Ihe city, the collections at the church door.= , charitable doualLons, and contributions. In the year cndiujion the 30th of June, 1822, 641 iiiuiales were wholly or partially maintained and clollied in the Isouse, out-door assistance to the amount of 1775/. 17 D. 6d. was given to 924 families and indivi- duals, besides 253/. I5s.2fi. as temporary supjilies to others, and 442/. Is. paid for 117 children at nurse. — Tliere is also another Workhouse iu the parish of St. Cuthberc, which was opened in 17fi2, and is conducted nearly on the same plan with the former.

The Merchant Maiden Hospital was founded in 1695, by a voluntary contribution, for the education and maintenance of daugliters of merchant bur- gesses of Edinbuigb. JMrs. Mary Krskine gave 1000/, besides several olhcr sums, for the purchase of a bifildiug. The foundation-stone of the present editice, which is of Grecian architecture, w^s laid on the 2nd of August, 1816; it is 180 feet in length, and cost in tlie erection and fitting up 12,250/. The girls, of whoju there are generally about 80 in the house, are taken iu from seven to eleven, and must goout atseventeen. Oulearing (he hospital each receives 9/. QsM. The annual revenue is about 3,000/.

The Trades' Maiden Hospital was founded in 1704, by the incorporations, for the maintenance and education of the daughters of decayed trades- men. To this hospital also Mrs. INIary Erskine was a liberal contributor. About 50 girls are main- tained and educated here. The building stands on the ."onth side of Argyll Square.

The Orphan Hospital was planned by Andrew Gairdner, merchant iu Edinburgh, in the year 1732, and the present building was founded in 1734. Into this hospital orphan children, not under seven years of age, are received from any part of the Kingdom. The revenues, which are inconsiderable, are chiedy derived from benefactions, and part of ^he'sums collected at tlie church doors. It stands a little to the eastward of the north bridge, and con- iains about 150 orplians.

The Trinity Hospital owes its foundation to Mary of GueldiX's (who also founded Trinity College Church) in the year 1461, for the reception of thir- teen poor persons. The present building, situate iu Leith Wynd, provided, in 1823, for 9 men and 31 women, besides grantuig an allowance of 6/. each to 100 out pensioners. None are received under 50 years of .we. The clothing, diet, and lodging are most coiufbi table ; and there is a resideut chaplain.

Asyhon for the Indigent Blind. The idea of this institution was first communicated by the late Dr. Blacklock to Mr. Miller, both bluid. After various pieetings, subscriptions, and communications, a house was takeu iu 1793, audnine persons admitted. In 1795, the directors purchased a house on the Castle Hill. In 1806 they bought property in Nichol- 8on's-street for 1575/, and iu 1822 other property in the same street for 2,200/. Tlie lower part of these Ifaildings is advantageously laid out in shops, while the upper part is retained for the accommodation of the objects of the institution. These two asylums separately contain about 63 males and 19 females. The former are employed in making mattresses and cushions of hair, wool, aud straw, baskets, mats, hair gloves, nets, cord, and twine, and in weaving linen and cotton cloths ; the latter are engaged in needle work, net-work, spiuning, and knitting. Of all these various kinds of articles there is coii- statuly an assortment for sale at the asylum. The institution, which is supported by voluntary contri- butions, with tlie profit of the manufactured arti- cles, now affords the means of subsistence (includ- ing old female peusiouers) to morethau 100 indigent blind.

The Institution for the Education of Deaf and i)«Hj6 C/zi/(/;-«r was established in 1810. Indepen- dently of religiG'iib instructioiij the pupils are taught

D

reading, writing, arithmetic, composition, and even articulation. The boys are generally taught some trade, and the girls those things which may be of use to tluin in society. The establishnieut, con- ducted by IMr. Kinuiburgh, is at Clarcniont, Stock- bridge, and contains about 70 pupils.

Tii ' ISJafidaten Asylum was originally instituted iu 1797. The object of the society is to reclaim tho.se unfortunate females, who have deviated from the path of virtue. By the report of 1822 it appears, that, of 432 young wouien, who had been admitted since the commencement, 104 had been sent to ser- vice, 81 reconciled to their friends, 12 had been creditably married, 8 had died, and 38 remained ia the house at the end of the year. This charity is supported by coutrii)uiions, bequests, and the pro- fits of the women's work. The new building, situ- ate iu Cauongate, was opened iu 1807, and is intended to accoiumodate from 50 to 60 penitents.

Ministers' If'iduws' Fund. This meritorious scheme originated in 1743, received the sanction of Parliament in 1744, aud was established on its pre- sent footing by an act passed iti 1814, when it was recommended, that a voluntary subscription .should be enteied into among the contributoni ; that an addition of 20 percent on the former rates should be imposed; tliat every person in future admitted to a benefice for tlie first time, or to an office in the university, should pay a contribu&n of 10/; a grant was made of the bishops' stipends in Scotland, and of the stipends of tlie vacant churches. The four annual rales, to one of wliich every minister and professor is sutiject, are 3/. 3.f., 4/. 14*. 6W., 6/. 6>., and 71. \7s. iid. 'fhe widow is entitled to an annuity, corresponding to the rale he has chosen ; and liis children, if he leaves no widow, for ten years to the annuity, wiiich would have been paya- ble to the v\'idow. — Similar schemes haye been formed by the Society of Writers to the Signet, the Parochial Schoolmasters of Scotland, and by tlic Dissenting Clergymen. The Scottish Widows' fund and Life Assurance Company is ojjen to the public ; there is also a Society for the Sou>< of the Clergy, and another for the Destitute Sick, with some others.

Horn's Charity distributes the interest of 3,500 to day-labourers out of employment at Christmas, &c. — Il'aison's Bequest, with a fund now amounting to 100,000/, is appropriated to the building and en- dowing of an hospital for children, similar in prin- ciple to the Orphan Hospital. — Thomson's Bequest consists of extensive lands and heritages, the inte- rest of which was to be expended iu the purchiise of oatmeal, or of oats to be made into meal, to bp retailed among the poor householders of Edinburgh at ten pence, wlien the price of a peck should ex- ceed that sum. This betiuest, however, with its accumulated fuud, has never yet; been acted on. — Dr. Robert Johnston's Bequest of 3,000/ is equally appropriated in finding employment for the poor, in clothing the boys of Heriot's Hospital, and in sup- port of poor exhibitioners at the university. — The income of Mr. Strahan's* estate, now upwards of 300/ a year, is bestowed in small annual sums oji poor old people not under sixty five years of age, and on Orphans not above twelve, — Besides thesje institutions, Edinburgh possesses a Society for the Suppression of Begging, a Savings' Bank, an Insti- titution for the Relief of Incurables, an Association for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors, and many others.

PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.

The Theatre, which stands at the north end of the North Bridge, exhibits an unadorned exterior, but the inside in elegautlv fitted up. This building was opened in 1769. The prices of admission, at that time, were three shillings for the boxes aud i)it, two shillings for the first gallery, and one shilling for the second or upper gallery ; at these prices the house easily held 140/. The box seats have since been raised to five shillings. Mr. Murray, who rents the theatre at 2000 guineas, annually introduces to the nublic of Ediiiburgh most of the celebrated London performers.

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Musical Entertui/iments were frequent, and seem to have been respectably conducted in Edinburgh, about the end of the seventeenth century, and, in 1728, a musical society was instituted, foV the pei-- formance of weekly concerts. In 1762, when tlieir numbers had considerably increased, the members of this concert, named the " Gentlemen's Concert," built a hall called St. Cecilia's Hall, which was capa- ble of accommodating five hundred persons, and in which Avere iiekl weekly concerts, attended by the best instnimental performers of t^e day. St. Ceci- lia's Hall, now Freemasons' Hall, being disposed of, subscription concerts were perfornied in the Assembly Rooms George's-sireet, and at Corri's Rooms, formerly the Circus, and now known by the name of the Caledonian Theatre. Of late years the celebrated Mr. Yaniewicz, has annually given winter concerts under hi.s superintendence. Iu'181d a Grand iMusiical Festival was held, which was attended by the most celebrated vocal and instru- mctal performers, that could l)e procured in Britain. As the music was exquisite, so the .suc- ce.»is was unprecedented. After tlie payment of all expenses, the sum distributed among the charities of Edinburgh amounted to about 1,.5C0/. A Festival for the san)e charities was again held in 1811), when the clear proceeds were about 1,300/.

A regular Assembly was established in 1710, and the profits applied to charitable jnirposcs. The New Assembly Rooms, George's-street, were built by subscription, and finished in 17S7. The external appearance is not lemarkable, hut the interior is elegant, convenient, and cajjacious. Tu^o assem- blies are held weekly during the winter, one a dancing, the other a card assemlily.

The Caledonian Theatre stands at the head of the great road from Edinbiirgh to Leith. After having undergone various revolutions, it was fitted up, in a822, as a Minor Theatre.

The Riding School, or Royal Academy of Exer- cises, in Nicholson's-street,' was built by subscrip- tion. The sum raised for this purpose during the first three years was 2733/. 15.9. It was opened in '1764 ; and in 1766 received a royal charter, with a salary of 200/. a year to the master. This unadorned building stands on the east side of Nicholson's-street, and i.« 124 1^'et long by 42 broad. There is also a Toom, where Fencing is taught by an able master. The Roi/al Cmnpnny of Archers\s, said to owe its origin to the commissioners appointed in the reign of James I, for eiifoifing the practice of archery in the diflfereirt counties of Scotland. These commis- sioners, it is related, having chosen some of the most dexterous archers from' among the better sort -of people, formed them into a company for defending the king's person, as a bodj-guard. ' The company still claim this privilege within six miles ot the capital. During \\'w Majesty's late visit to Edin- burgh, the Ro^al Company had the honour of serving tis the king's bodyguard, and attended him on all public occasions, 'fhe Company of Archers have a neat hall for their meetings at the east end of the public walk called the Meadows. — There are four ■companies of Golfers in Edinburgh. Tn the game of Golf, hard balls are struck with clubs into small holes, about a quarter of a mile <{istanc from each ■other, and he, who conveys the ball into these holes in succession, witli the fewest strokfs, is declared the victor. — A club for what is'called Curling or the propelling -of siiiooth stones upon the ice, and a ■ Skaiting Club meet in winter. -Cockfighting and Tennis are disused. The amiual //o7-«e /iacM, for- merly held on Leith sands, have been removed to Musselburgh about six miles ciL-^t of Edinburgh, where thne is an excellent turf-course with a stand. The Caledonian Hant have sometimes their meet- ings at Edinburgh; but they do iiot confine them- selves to any particular district.

TUEI., WAITER, MARKETS, &c.

The only article of Fuel, used in Edinburgh, is coal. Previous to 1627 the fuel of the citizens was chiefly heath, fiuze, aad bi'ushwood. The price of

26

coal was formerly about fourteen shillings per ton ; but, since the opening of the Union Canal,|the price of this necessary article has been reduced fuljy one third. — Edinburgh is supplied with excellent Spring ff^ater, which is conveyed in pipes from the elevated j grounds of Comiston, Swanstou, and Gi'eencraig, J resi)ectively three, four, and five miles south-west of the city. The first pipe was laid in 1681. Au additional leaden one, of four inches and a half in the bore, was laid in 1722; and in 1787 a cast iron one of five inches was added. The supply of water ^ being still too small, a cast iron pipe ot seven inches | diameter was laid in 1790, at au expense to the city ■ of 20,000/. The increasing population requiring; ' additional supplies, an act of Pailiament was ob- tained in 1819 for incorporating a water company, whose capital was not to exceed 13.5,000/, to be raised in 2.5/. shares, the magistrates, as representing the community, holding shares to the amount of 30,000/. At present there are two reservoirs ; one, the more ancient, on the Castle Hill; the other in Heriot's Green ; and it is proposed to erect anew reservoir on the Castle Hill. Water is supplied by pipes, on payment of a yearly sum ; but, in the old part of the city, it is still carried on the backs of men and women to the high houses, or to those persons, \^ho have not pipes of their own. — The city was fivst Lighted m 1554 with bowets, or lanterns, hung out at certain distances; afterwards with lan- terns and candles, suspended from five till ten ia the winter months, from the first story of every house ; and more latterly with crystal lamps and oil. In 1817 an association was formed under the title of "The Edinburgh Gas Light Company" with a capital of 100,000/, divided into shares of 25/. each, and nearly all the principal streets of the city are now furnished with gas lamps. — The Paiwment of the streets is remakably durable and well laid. The causeways are formed of hard basalt, or green- stone, and the foot-pavement of excellent sand stone riag, all quarried in the neighbourhood.

Markets. The Markets of Edinburgh afford all the necessaries and many of the luxuries of life. They are situated chiefly on the north side of the High-street, from which they are entered by nar- row lanes or closes. The markets are disposed in terraces or platforms, which communicate with each other by flights of steps.

The Fruit Market and Green Market are in an inclosed area in the hollow between Prince's-street and the High -street. They occupy the same flat, and have access to the other markets by steps. Here are sold, in their proper seasons, all the varieties of Scotch and English fruits, particularly immense quantities of gooseberries and strawberries, with culinary vegetables in great plenty, and of excellent quality.

The ^^eal Market is on a descending terrace below the Cooper's Maket, and is solely appropriated to the sale of veal.

The Poultry Market is situated on the same platform with the veal market, and communicates, by means of steps, with the maikets below. The supply of common poultry is abundant, and the young Gannet or Solan-Goose, which is annually taken in large quantities, at the Bass Rock, in tlje mouth of the Frith of Forth, is perhaps peculiar to this market. \'arious species of the wild duck and of wild geese, with plenty of woodcocks, curlieus, snipes, fieldfares, redwings, sandpipers, black- birds, &c. are exposed in severe seasons. The wood-pigeon, and domestic pigeon are abundant, and nowhere is there a more plentiful supply of wild rabbits. Hares, heathfowl, red grouse, ptarmigan, and partridges are sold in private. The Poultry Market is likewise frequented by the re- tailers of eggs.

The two JhUeher Markets, in both of which are indL-criminately sold beef, mutton, lamb and pork, occiii)y the next descending terraces. . In the lower of these the Tripe Market forms a distinct part.

The Fish Market is very commodious, and lately formi d under the arches of the North Bridge, con- tiguous to the Green Market. It is necessary to

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JBirrrtori?.

inform straiigeri*, that the fishwoineu have an ab- surd custom of demaiidiug about three times as inucli for their fish, as they inleiid to take. Salmon, fi-esh-water-troat, smelts, cod, haddock, ling, whitings, pilchards, herrings, halibut, turbol, plaice, dab, flounders, ray-fish, father-lasher, grey gurnet, crabs, oysters, scollops, razor-fish, mus- cles, prawns, &c. are plentiful and excellent in their proper seasons. Mng, mackai-el, sturgeon, gilt-head, wrasse, sca])ike, and lobsters, are less frequently to be met with. Eels, wolf-fish, cockles,

and limnets, are generally disregarded. — Besides these, wliich are (hi; principal niaikels, there are-' shambles, and shops for the sale of meat, in diffe- rent parts of the city and suburbs.

The lAlarket for black-cattle, horses, and grain, is held OH Wednesdays in the wide street named the Grass-market. A building, the upner part of which is fitted up for a granary, and the lower part with open arclies, was begun in 1818 at the west end of the Grassmarket, and opened as a Corn-nuirkei ia

isiy.

LEITH,

THE sea-port of Edinburgh, is two miles dis- tant ; but the splendid road to it is now on both sides so much covered with buildings, that it seems rather an e.Ktensive street, than a road. At what time Leith was first built is uiKrertain ; but, in 1128, it is mentioned by the name of Inverleith. In 1485 the magistrate:' of Edinburgh ordained, that no merchant of the city should lake an inhabitant of Leith into partnership, and that none of the revenues of Edinburgh should be farmed by any inhabitant of Leith. When Edinburgh has suffered from intestine war, or the ravages of hostile invasion, tlii.s place has generally borne an equal share. Leith having been twice fortified and dismantled, soon after the ap|)earaiice of Paul Jones in the Frith of Forth in 1779 was again put into a posture uf defence by the erection of a battery of nine guns, a little to the westward of the citadel. This is now the head quar- ters of the royal artillery in North Britain, two companies being stationed here under the command of a field-officer. The barracks have accommoda- tions for 350 men and 150 horses. The harbour is, besides, defended by a martello tower, rising from the sea, at the distance of three quarters of a mile from the pier, and built by Government at an ex- pense of nearly 17,000/.

LEITH DOCKS, d-c.

The tide harbour of Leith has been frequently im- proved ; but the shallowness of the water prevents the admission of vessels of considerable burden. In 1799 the magistrates obtained an act authorizing them to borrow l(iO,000/. to execute part of a range of docks, designed by John Reiinie, esq., civil en- gineer. The eastern wet-dock, next the tide har- bour of Leith, was begun in 1800, and finished in 1806 ; the middle wet-dock was begun in 1810, and finished in 1817. Each of these docks is 250 yards long, and 100 yards wide, both amounting to more than lOJ English acres, and sufficient to contain 150 vessels of the ordinary classes, that frequent this port. On the north-side of these are three graving docks, each 136 feet long, and 45 wide at the bottom ; 150 feet long by 70 feet wide at the top ; and the width of the entrance is 36 feet. The two wet docks cost about 175,086/. ; the three graving docks 18,198/.; the draw-bridges 11,281/; and the ground for the docks and warehouses 80,543/. ; mak- ing together about 285,108/. exclusive of 8.000/. for building the bridge over the water of Leith. The western or large dock, which is not yet begun, is to be 500 yards long, and 100 yards wide, extending to the deep and spacious tide-harbour at Newhaven. It is very desirable to have the whole design speedily completed, as the depth of water on the bar of Leith Harbour, in ordinary spring tides, is only 15 feet, and only 9 feet in ordinary neap tides. The dock-duties, crane-dues, uontage and feu-duties of warehouses, in the year 1818, was nearly 9,874/. There is a light-house at the mouth of the harbour, and another on the small island of Inchkeith, in the middle of the Frith of Forth. The water of Leith divides the town into two parts. North aMd South Leith, which are connected with dra»v-bridges, one built 1788, the other in 1800. A third bridge is now finished, which connects the new streets at Hill- house-lield and the Docks with Leith Walk. The

streets in Leith are narrow, and irregular, and most of the old buildings inelegant ; but the new streets to the south, east, and north-west, are fini.jhed witli much elegance.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS-

The Trinity -house, on the west side of Kiikgate,, was built in 1817, in the Grecian style of architec- ture, at an expense of 2,500/. Nearly opposite stands King James's Hospitiil, founded by the Kirk-session of South Leith, in 1648, for the recep- tion of aged women. — The Grammar School, erected by subscription in 1805, stands on the south-west part of the links, or downs, of Leith. It is sur- mounted with a small spire and a clock, and the' rooms for the difl^erent classes are elegant and com- modious.— The Church of South Leith is an ancient Gothic building, with a spire and a clock ; and a little to the north-east of the church is the Chapel of Ease, ca|)able of accommodating upwards of 1500 persons. — The Tolbooth, or Town house of Leith is situated at the lower end of Tolbooih-Wynd; and the Weigh-home is on the west side of Bernard- street. Neither of these buildings is remarkable for any thing except antiquity.— Z,«/A Bank is a- handsome moflern building, in Bernard-street : it was begun in 1805, and finished the year following. It consists of two floors; a liandsonie dome rises from the north front ; and a projection, ornamented with four Ionic columns, and having three pilasters' of the same on each side, decorates the building. — Besides this, a branch of the British Lineit Com-' pamj, and another of the Commercial Banking Com- pany are established in Leith. — At the east end of Bernard-street, in Constitution-street, stand the Exchange Buildings, the largest jniblic buildings in Leith. They contain an assembly-room of large dimensions, a coffee-room, a sale-room, a .subscrip- tion-librarv, and reading-room. The buildings are ill the Grecian style of aVchitecture, three stories in height, and ornamented in front with five Ionic co- lumns. They cost 16,000/.— The Custom House^ which contains also the Excise Office, stands on the north side of the harbour, and was erected in 1812, at an expense of about 12,617/. — 'i'iie Church of North Leith stands to the westward of the town. This handsome edifice, founded in 1SJ4, is of Grecian architecture, and was designed by Mr. AVilliam Burn, architect. It is surmounted with a handsome spire and clock, the first compartment of whFch is of the Doric, the second of the loui^-, and the third of the Corinthian order ; the remainder of the spire is fluted, and the height of the whole, from the ground to the top of the €ross, is 1-58 feet. The proportions of the handsome portico are said to be taken from the small Ionic temple, on the llyssus, near Athens. The expense of the building was about 12,000/., and it accommodates, with ease, up- wards of 2,000 persons. — Seajield Baths were erect- ed in 1813, at the eastein extremity of Leith Links. The expense of their erection was about 8,000/., which were raised in shares of 50 guineas each. The building is very elegant, with fronts to the west and north, and a handsome porch. The lower floor is fitted up with baths, and contains hot, tepid, cold, pump, and shower baths, in all seventeen, besides a.. large plunge bath. The rest of the building is oc-

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cupied as an hotel. — Leith contains also a neat Epis- copalian Chapel, erected in 1806; and a handsome chapel, in connection wit-h the United Associate Stptod, built iu 1820.— Triidti/ Chai* Pier. This eiegant pier projected and executed by Capt. Saml. BroWn, is supported by chains, suspended on wood- en piles.

Leilh is governed by a baron-bailie, with the title of admiral, appointed by the magistrates of Edin- burgh ; under him are three deputies, with the title of resident bailies, who hold baron-courts for the decision of petty offences. There are four incorpo- rations, viz; the mariners, nialtaien, trades, and traffickers; in the first are included the masters of vessels, and sailors; in the second maltsters and brewers; in the third coopers, bakers, smiths, tailors, Wrights, weavsrs, &c. ; in the fourth mer- chants, &c. There is also a merchant company in Leith, with a number of shipping companies. The regular smacks, which ply between this port and London, are most elegantly and conveniently fitted iip; and the steani-vessels, which sail regularly during the summer, afford facilities of intercourse between the two capitals, unknown before their establishment. There is also a ferry to the opposite coast of Fife, with commodious passage boats, under the direction of commissioners appointed by act of parliament. — The charitable institutions of Leith are a destitute sick society; a female society for relieving sick and indigent women ; a female charity school of industry ; and a boys* charity school; be- sides several bible societies. — A literary society also meets weekly during winter ; and there are two public libraries. The markets of Leith have the same articles with those of Edinburgh, iu cfjual variety and proportionate plenty. — The water is brought principally by pipes from the small lake of Lochend. — The streets are lighted with oil-gas, which is allowed to be mucli clearer than that from coal, and not to affect paintings or plate, to which the coal-gas is so destructive.

THE TRADE OF EDINBURGH AND J.EITH.

In Edinburgh there are few gt'ncral mercliants, as most of them reside in the port of Leilh. Tlicre is, however, a vast number of shopkeepers, and the support of the city, in this respect, depends on the consumption of the necessaries and superfluitie.i of life. The country gentlemen, and those who have made fortunes abroad, generally reside a great

part of the year in the metropolis, and the rents of the former generally pass through the hands of the bankers. Many salutary laws and regulations, re- specting the general commerce of the country have been passed by the British parliament, particularly one in 1727, which enables his majesty to appoint trustees for encouraging the fisheries and manufac- tures of Scotland ; and the annual premiums given by the trustees, which amount to about 4000/,, have had a great- effect in diffusing industry, and exciting emulation among the Scottish manufacturers. At the commencement of the eighteenth century, the unfortunate issue of the Darien expedition consider- ably damped the ardour for commercial enterprise. Since that time, however, trade has been extended. The number of vessels engaged in the trade of Leith in 1692 was twenty-nine; in 1740, forty-seven; in 1752, sixty-eight; in 1784, 1774; in 1787 the ton- nage was 105,223, exclusive of vessels from ports within the frith of Forth; in 1804 the increase of shipping was nearly double. The trade of the poit Is now very considerable ; several vessels are em* ployed in the whale-fishery ; and the merchant* carry ou au extensive trade with Russia, Denmark, Sweden, Hamburgh, Holland, Ostend, the ports in the Mediterranean, the West Indies, America, and Van Dieman's Land. The foreign trade, for the year ending January 5th, 1823, employed 4>W vessels, 70758 tons, and 4201 men; in the coast- ing trade, for ihe same year, were engaged 6210 vessels, 404,206 tons, and 211.30 men. Manufac- tures of different kinds are carried on in Edinburgh and Leith to a considerable extent. Thei-e are se- veral cast-iron foundries in the neighbourhood of the city, and many large establishments for the manufacture of flint-glass and bottles. The distil- lation of spirits, and the manufactuic of soap, can- dles, and of writing and printing piipers, dre very considerable. Much printmg is done in Edinburgh, and there is an extensive foundry for casting types ; shawls also and linens are made to a considerable extent. Sliip-building employs a number of hands in Leith, where there are likewise manufactories of sail-cloth and cordage. There are, besides, su- gar-iefining houses, and several saw-mills on the water of Leith. According to tlie census of 1821 the population of Edinbufdi was 112,235, and of Leith 26000, making a total of 133235; the houses, including those uninhahited and building. Were in Edinburgh 70yi, in Leith 2834 ; so that Edinburgh contained on an average nearly sixteen inhnbitauts tw a house, and Leith a fraction "more than iihie.

aENBRAI. POST OFFICE,

AVATERLOO PLACE.

Sir David Wedderburn, Bart. Deputy Postmaster-General, and Cashier

Wliliam Vouug, Clerk to ditto. Deputy Cashier Augustus Godby, Secretary. Archibald Horn, Chief Clerk to Secretary, atid Hegistrer of Bonds. J. Currie, and R. Moir, Clerhs. J. Shearer and C. F. Reeves, Surveyors. George Mason, Accountant.

J. Park, A. Paterson, and J. Ross, Clerks to Ac' countant

T. E. Sutherland, Letter Bill Clerh.

John Bowie, W. S. Solicitor.

Robert Young, In.ipector of Dead and Mh-sent Letters.

J. S. Sutherland, Clerli to ditto.

INLAND LE.TTER OFFICE.

3. Moule, Superintending President.

Francis Gibson, Senior Clerk, and President.

R. Anderson, G. G.Bruce, J. Welsh, R. Black- man, J. Gladstones, A. Mc. Queen, G. Lawrence, P. Slierriff, J. Weir, B. C. Salveson, A. Douglas, D. Stuart, and A. Somnierville, Clerks.

Robert Greig, Probationary Clerk.

A. Mc. Queen, and G. Lawrence, IFindow Clerks.

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Alexander Watt, Stamper.— V. Henderson, Ai' sistant.

Letter-carriers. — James Finlay, Inspector; and twenty-three Letter-Carriers. Three Supernume- rarv ditto.

Tuo Leith Penny-Post Messengers. Two Watch- men and Porters. Two Messengers. Charlotte Coghill, Housekeeper.

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Arrival aud Departure of Edinhurgh Mails^ with the Time of Delivering Letters.

London Mail, by way of Newcastle and York, departs at ciiclit at iiiglit, aud arrives at twenty minutes past nine at night. Letters deru-ered the following morning at a quarter before eiuht.

*^A«"f/ee« and North Mail, through Queensfcrry, Kinross, Perth, Dundee, Arbroath, and Montrose, de- paits every night at ten, and arrives every afternoon at a quarter before one. Letters delivered an hour after arrival.

Carlisle, Liverpool, and Manchester Mail, witli bags for the Isle of Man, departs every afternoon at five, aud arrives every night at ten. Letters delivered the following morning at a quarter before eight.

Dumfries and Portpatrick Mail departs every night at ten, and arrives every afternoon at half-past four. Letters delivered same afternoon at five.

Glasgow Mail, by way of Linlithgow, Falkirk, and Kilsyth, with bags for Greenock, Ayr, Portpatrick, and Ireland, departs every night at ten, and arrives every morning at three. Letters delivered same morning at a quarter before eight.

Glasgow Mail, by Mid Calder, Whitburn, and Holytowu, departs everj^ morning at half-past seven, and arrives every afternoon at two. Letters delivered same afternoon at five.

Stirling Mail, by Linlithgow and Falkirk, departs every morning at half-past seven, and arrives every even- ing at twfeuty minutes before eight. JjCtters delivered the following morning at a quarter before eight.

N. B. — All Letters must be put into the Office half an hour previous to the departure of the Mails ; as after that time a charge of sixpence